Nutritional value of meat lipid fraction obtained from mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) reared in semiextensive conditions for hunting purposes

The mallard duck or wild duck (Anas platyrhynchos) is the world's most widespread and numerous dabbling duck, being traditionally hunted across many countries in Europe and North America. This study aims to provide a detailed characterization of mallard duck's meat lipid fraction obtained from farmed specimens, reared for hunting purposes, under semiextensive conditions. The mallard's duck meat total lipid content averaged 2.0 and 4.26 g/100 g of fresh meat in breast and leg meat portions, and its meat comprised 23 individual fatty acids (FA) and 3 dimethylacetals (DMA), independently of the sex or meat portion. The oleic (C18:1 cis-9), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2n-6), arachidonic (C20:4n-6), palmitoleic (C16:1 cis-9), and cis-vaccenic (C18:1 cis-11) acids were the predominant FA (representing >1% of total fatty acids in both breast and leg meat portions and independently of the sex), and together, these 7 fatty acids were accountable for 92.4 to 96.5% of total FA plus DMA in mallard duck meat. The monounsaturated, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were accountable for 40.4, 35.0, and 21.0% of total FA plus DMA in breast and 54.6, 38.7, and 5.7% of total fatty acids in leg, while total DMA were liable for 3.6 and 0.9% of total FA plus DMA in breast and leg, respectively. The mallard duck meat total cholesterol content averaged 49.8 and 57.1 mg/100 g of fresh meat for breast and leg meat portions. Five tocochromanols were quantified in mallard duck meat, affording it with a total vitamin E content of 5.48 and 3.63 µg/g of fresh meat in breast and leg portions. The sex had no influence (P > 0.05) on mallard's duck meat lipid composition, but meat portion had a strong influence on mallard's duck meat lipid composition, influencing total lipid, total cholesterol, total vitamin E contents, FA partial sums, FA ratios (exception made for the n-6/n-3 ratio), and all nutritional lipid indices. The breast meat presented lower total lipid and total cholesterol contents, better FA ratios and nutritional quality indices and higher vitamin E content, being regarded as a healthier meat than leg. The study presented herein shows that mallard duck production in semiextensive conditions, similar to those used herein, could be used for the production of mallard duck beyond hunting. A production of duck's meat under natural or organic production practices, oriented to a market niche within the gourmet/organic markets.

Barriers and motivations for blood donation: an integrative review

INTRODUCTION

It has been estimated that the proportion of blood donors in Brazil is below 2.0 %, lower than that recommended by the World Health Organization, which is between 3 % and 5 % of the population.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can influence blood donation.

METHOD

This is an integrative review, whose bibliographic search was carried out through the Virtual Health Library, considering scientific articles indexed in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in the Health Sciences database.

RESULTS

This process was performed in July 2022 with term "blood donors" and 901 publications were identified, without delimitation of the study period or any other aspects. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 articles were fully reviewed. The studies were categorized according to the main content discussed in "characteristics and perspectives of donors", "perspective of health professionals and services" and "loyalty strategies: marketing and communication in health". Access to coherent information about the donation process was the motivational aspect evidenced in the three categories of analysis, that is, indispensable from the perspective of users, health professionals who work in blood therapy services and for marketing and communication in health. It is through the knowledge of the procedure that uncertainties and fear are decreased and loyal donors are increased.

CONCLUSION

Altruism was the most frequent driving feeling in the consulted literature, whereas the lack of time and fear were the routine obstacles. The campaigns were identified as communication and health education actions relevant to attracting and retaining the donor, as well as applications and social networks.

Caracterização dos Casos de Câncer de Cavidade Oral e Faringe da Região Norte do Brasil, 2012-2015

Introdução: O câncer de cavidade oral e faringe e um problema de saúde publica, apresentando elevadas taxas de incidência e mortalidade. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clinico-epidemiológico e os atrasos no diagnóstico e tratamento de casos atendidos nas unidades de referência da Região Norte do Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo dos casos de câncer de cavidade oral e faringe registrados nas bases de dados dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (RHC) de 2012 a 2015. Foram analisados os intervalos entre a primeira consulta e o diagnóstico, e o diagnóstico e o tratamento. As variáveis continuas foram avaliadas por meio de medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. As diferenças entre proporções nas variáveis categóricas foram avaliadas pelo teste qui-quadrado, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Entre os homens, os casos de orofaringe foram mais incidentes (19,2%) e nas mulheres os mais incidentes (16,3%) de outras partes e partes não especificadas da língua. A maior parte dos casos era de homens, cor parda, >60 anos, sem cônjuge, com escolaridade até o nível fundamental. O carcinoma de células escamosas foi o mais comum. Com relação ao tempo, 69,6% dos casos que chegaram ao hospital sem diagnostico e sem tratamento foram diagnosticados até 30 dias após a primeira consulta, e 67,8% dos casos receberam o primeiro tratamento em até 60 dias. Conclusão: A maioria dos casos analisados apresentou tempo de diagnostico dentro do prazo recomendado, porem foi observado que os casos com diagnostico e sem tratamento demoraram mais de 60 dias.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama em estágio avançado

Resumo Este estudo transversal investigou a prevalência e os fatores associados ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama em estágio avançado entre 18.890 mulheres assistidas em hospital especializado da capital do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre os anos 1999 e 2016. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para estimar razões de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Apresentaram maiores prevalências de diagnóstico nessa condição mulheres com idade entre 20-39 e 40-49 anos, de raça/cor da pele preta e parda, que viviam sem companheiro(a), procedentes de outros municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que tiveram o Sistema Único de Saúde como origem do encaminhamento e que foram diagnosticadas nos sexênios 1999-2004 e 2005-2010. Em contrapartida, mulheres com idade entre 60-69 e 70-99 anos, que cursaram algum nível de escolaridade, com histórico familiar de câncer e que chegaram ao hospital com diagnóstico e sem tratamento apresentaram menores prevalências de diagnóstico em estágio avançado. Esses resultados podem ser considerados no planejamento de ações de prevenção secundária, a fim de antecipar o diagnóstico de câncer de mama dos grupos mais vulneráveis e assim colaborar para a redução da prevalência do diagnóstico em estágio avançado.

Sobrevida e Fatores Prognósticos de Pacientes com Sarcoma de Kaposi Atendidos em um Centro de Assistência de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia

Introdução: A sobrevida do sarcoma de Kaposi ainda não e bem conhecida porque os poucos estudos que avaliaram-na foram, em maioria, conduzidos com pessoas vivendo com vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrevida e os fatores prognósticos pré-tratamento de pacientes com sarcoma de Kaposi associado ou não ao HIV. Método: Estudo retrospectivo realizado em uma coorte hospitalar de 81 pacientes diagnosticados com sarcoma de Kaposi entre 2000 e 2014, atendidos em um centro de assistência de alta complexidade em oncologia da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A probabilidade de sobrevida em cinco anos foi estimada por meio do método de Kaplan-Meier. O modelo semiparamétrico de riscos proporcionais de Cox estimou hazard ratios (HR) e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Resultados: A sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 50,9% (IC95%: 38,2-62,3). Os fatores associados ao óbito foram idade ≥50 anos (HR: 4,19; IC95%: 1,5-11,29) e sorologia anti-HIV positiva (HR: 5,82; IC95%: 1,90-17,85). Conclusão: A coorte apresentou sobrevida baixa. O prognostico foi influenciado pela idade ≥50 anos e sorologia anti-HIV positiva, devendo esses fatores serem considerados na avaliação de risco pré-tratamento.

Healthy lifestyles survey in schoolchildren 'Conta Peso e Medida'

Background

A healthy lifestyle should be followed since childhood. To do so a healthy diet and to be physically active are mandatory. To measure and improve that the School Health Project “Com Peso e Medida” was applied throughout schools from the ARS Centro region.

Methods

In the context of School Health questionnaires were given out to school children. The questions pertained to health habit. Questions about socioeconomic characteristics were also included. 464 responses were collected. The responses were collected in a database in MS Excel. The database was then run in SPSS to provide a statistical analysis.

Results

All the students were attending the 5th grade. Median age was 10 years old. There was a similar sex distribution with 50.6% males. Mother education was higher than fathers with 24.7% and 15.7% college education respectively. There was a significative association between the parents' education degree (p < 0.01). In terms of meal frequency, the students had a median of 5 meals a day. 93.3% of them had breakfast every day, 66.4% had a morning snack, 83.4% had an afternoon snack and 30.2% had a late-night snack. Considering the ingredients consumed daily only 41.7% ate the recommended amount of daily vegetables and 30.4% the daily amount of fruit. On a different note 28.6% ate candies more than once a week, and 41.5% drank soft drinks more than once a week.

Questions about the physical activity habits revealed that 50.8% watched more than one hour of television every day and 29.1% played videogames more than one hour. 39.2% had no sport activity outside school. There was a positive association between the mother education level and sports practice (p < 0.01) and fruit consumption (p = 0.19).

Conclusions

A healthy diet and regular physical activity are cornerstones in a Health promoting lifestyle. With this study was possible to ascertain the lifestyle of young schoolchildren. With those results it's possible to set futures measures to best improve health.

Key messages

Healthy habits should be developed since early on to give way to a healthy life. To better prepare the future we need to know what health choices the children are taking today.

Thyroid cancer in Brazil: a descriptive study of cases held on hospital-based cancer registries, 2000-2016

Objective To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of primary thyroid cancer hospital cases in Brazil. Methods This is a descriptive study of cases held on hospital cancer records who had their first consultation for treatment in the period 2000-2016 and who were monitored by the hospitals providing those records. Results Of the 52,912 cases, 83.4% were female and 96.9% were differentiated carcinoma cases. The median time to diagnosis was shorter for anaplastic cases (11 days) and for those living in Brazil's Southern region (5 days). Treatment was initiated within 60 days in 88.8% of cases that arrived at the hospitals without diagnosis and in 34.9% of those who arrived with diagnosis. Conclusion The findings are consistent with thyroid cancer epidemiology, with a predominance of female cases and differentiated carcinomas. Analysis of time-to-treatment suggests access difficulties for those who already had diagnosis when they arrived at the hospitals.

Covid-19 e Câncer: Atualização de Aspectos Epidemiológicos

Introdução: A doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (Covid-19) é atualmente um problema mundial de saúde pública. A idade avançada, sexo masculino, histórico de tabagismo e presença de comorbidades, entre as quais, o câncer, foram relatados na literatura como fatores associados ao pior prognóstico da doença. Objetivos: Revisar a literatura acerca da infecção pelo novo coronavírus em indivíduos portadores de neoplasias malignas e atualizar os aspectos epidemiológicos da doença em pacientes oncológicos. Método: Revisão de trabalhos publicados em periódicos científicos que abordavam os aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção por coronavírus em pacientes oncológicos por meio de termos do Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCs) na base de dados MEDLINE/PubMed. Resultados: Pacientes com câncer apresentam piores resultados clínicos quando comparados à população geral. Conclusão: Pacientes oncológicos idosos, portadores de câncer de pulmão, ou que se submeteram à cirurgia oncológica ou à quimioterapia recentes ao diagnóstico de Covid-19 apresentaram maior suscetibilidade ao desenvolvimento da infecção grave.

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a 5-years survival study at a referral hospital in Brazil

BACKGROUND:

Although the prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) therapy is considered excellent over time, some cases have a poorer prognosis and evolve into death.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to estimate the 5-year specific survival and to identify prognosis factors in a cohort of DTC adult subjects.

METHODS:

Survival probability was estimated by Kaplan-Meier’s method in a retrospective hospital-based cohort study. Comparisons were made by log-rank test. Prognosis factors were identified using Cox risk modeling and crude and adjusted Hazard Ratio measures were obtained. Two models were estimated, considering age grouping of the 7^th and 8^th editions of TNM.

RESULTS:

Specific 5-year survival in the cohort was 98.5% (95%CI: 94.2 – 97.5). Considering TNM 7^th edition, the risk estimates were 9.88 (95%CI: 1.67 – 58.33) for age group ≥ 55 years, 18.87 (95%CI: 7.38 – 48.29) for individuals with distant metastasis, 6.36 (95%CI: 2.26 – 17.91) for patients who underwent lymphadenectomy and 0.16 (95%CI: 0.06 – 0.43) for those who received radioiodine therapy. For TNM 8^th edition, the risk estimates were 10.12 (95%CI: 2.05 – 50.09) for age group ≥ 55 years, 12.43 (95%CI: 4.58 – 33.77) for individuals with distant metastasis, 5.06 (95%CI: 1.82 – 14.05) for patients who underwent lymphadenectomy and 0.19 (95%CI: 0.07 – 0.51) for those who received radioiodine therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:

This cohort had a very high survival over a 5-year period. The prognosis was negatively influenced by age, distant metastasis and lymphadenectomy, whereas radioiodine therapy was found to be protective.

Water level effect on herbaceous plant assemblages at an artificial reservoir-Lago Azul State Park, Southern Brazil

This study presents the effect of water level variation on the assemblages of herbaceous species in Mourão I Reservoir, Lago Azul State Park, Southern Brazil. The structure and distribution of populations was examined in February (dry period) and April (rainy period), 2011, in two transects. These transects started at the forest edge towards the center of the lake. The end of the transect coincided with the end of the plants within the lake. On every two meters along of the transects we sampled a wooden square of 0.25 m(2) for species biomass analysis.The macrophyte stand was composed entirely of emergent species. Considering the periods, most species were less frequent in the rainy period (April), but Ipomea ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, Commelina nudiflora L., Eleocharis acuntagula (Roxb.) Schult. and Verbena litorales (Kunth.) had their frequency increased during this period, probably due to their resistance. The influence of flood as measured by the NMDS point out that both before and after the flood, there are plots with distinct compositions and biomass. The water level variation affects the dynamics of plant composition and structure in marginal areas of the Reservoir.

In utero pesticide exposure and leukemia in Brazilian children < 2 years of age

BACKGROUND

An association between pesticide exposure and cancer has been suggested. Infant leukemia is a rare neoplasm and its association with maternal pesticide exposure has been poorly explored.

OBJECTIVES

We investigated the association between pesticide exposure during pregnancy and leukemia in children < 2 years of age.

METHODS

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in 13 Brazilian states during 1999-2007. Mothers of 252 cases and those of 423 controls were interviewed. Information on pesticide exposures 3 months before pregnancy, throughout pregnancy, and during breastfeeding was obtained. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations between pesticide exposures and leukemia.

RESULTS

Associations with ever use of pesticides during pregnancy were observed for acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (aOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.86) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (aOR = 5.01; 95% CI: 1.97, 12.7) in children 0-11 months of age, and with ALL (aOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.05, 5.23) at 12-23 months of age. According to reported maternal exposure to permethrin, higher risk estimates were verified for children 0-11 months of age (aOR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.17, 5.25 for ALL; and aOR = 7.28; 95% CI: 2.60, 20.38 for AML). Maternal pesticide exposure related to agricultural activities showed an aOR of 5.25 (95% CI: 1.83, 15.08) for ALL, and an aOR of 7.56 (95% CI: 1.83, 31.23) for AML.

CONCLUSIONS

These results support the hypothesis that pesticide exposure during pregnancy may be involved in the etiology of acute leukemia in children < 2 years of age.

Pregnancy, maternal tobacco smoking, and early age leukemia in Brazil

BACKGROUND

Cigarette smoking has been associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but hypothesis on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood leukemia remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the association between maternal exposure to tobacco smoking during pregnancy and early age (<2 year) leukemia (EAL).

METHODS

A hospital-based multicenter case-control study aiming to explore EAL risk factors was carried out in Brazil during 1999-2007. Data were collected by direct interview with the biological mothers using a standardized questionnaire. The present study included 675 children (193 acute lymphoid leukemia - ALL, 59 AML and 423 controls), being the latter age frequency matched and paired by area of residence with the cases. Unconditional logistic regression was performed, and odds ratios (OR) on the association between tobacco smoking (3 months before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and 3 months after delivery) and EAL were ascertained after adjustment for selected variables (maternal age at birth and education, birth weight, infant skin color, and oral contraceptives use during pregnancy).

RESULTS

Smoking was reported by 17.5% of case mothers and 20.6% of controls. Among women who reported to have smoked 20 or more cigarettes during the index pregnancy, an adjusted OR = 5.28 (95% CI 1.40-19.95) for ALL was observed. Heavy smoking during breastfeeding yielded an adjusted risk estimate for ALL, OR = 7.78 (95% CI 1.33-45.5). No dose-response effect was observed according to smoking exposure during pregnancy and EAL. An association between secondhand smoking during pregnancy or breastfeeding was not observed.

CONCLUSION

An association between maternal smoking and EAL in the offspring was restricted to women who have reported an intense exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Trends in childhood leukemia mortality over a 25-year period

OBJECTIVE

To analyze trends in childhood leukemia mortality in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1980 and 2006.

METHOD

Gender-stratified leukemia mortality data for children aged < 15 years from 1980 to 2006 were retrieved from the Brazilian Mortality Information System for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data were stratified by place of death (city of Rio de Janeiro proper, the state capital; Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, excluding the capital; and rest of the state). Leukemia deaths were defined according to death certificate ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding (for deaths occurring in 1980-1995 and 1996-2006, respectively). Leukemia mortality rates were calculated by age and calendar year and age-adjusted to a standard world population. Polynomial linear regression with a 5% significance level was used to evaluate mortality trends in the study regions.

RESULTS

The three studied regions revealed similar trends, with a continuous downward pattern; the most substantial decline was detected in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (city proper). In all studied areas, leukemia mortality was highest among males.

CONCLUSION

A downward trend in childhood leukemia mortality was detected throughout the state of Rio de Janeiro. The most pronounced reduction occurred in the state capital.

A recurrent frameshift mutation of the ankyrin gene associated with severe hereditary spherocytosis

During a survey of typical, dominant hereditary spherocytosis (HS) patients, we identified a frameshift mutation of the ankyrin gene in three unrelated probands. All three probands, who were from different ethnic backgrounds, suffered from severe HS requiring splenectomy. Analysis of both intragenic and flanking polymorphisms revealed that these probands did not share a common ankyrin allele, providing evidence that these mutations arose independently on separate chromosomal backgrounds. This frameshift mutation associated with severe HS, Ankyrin Florianópolis, is the first description of a recurrent mutation in the ankyrin gene.

[Craniofacial polyostotic fibro-osseous dysplasia. (1) A clinical case]

Taking the opportunity of a richness of clinical and radiological manifestations from an uncommon pathology, the authors present a case on polyostotic bony--fibrous displasia with a large envelopment of the facial-skull massif, and outstand the role of the stomatologist as member of a multidisciplinary medical team and the successful therapheutical result achieved through the surgical intervention performed.