1
|
Farkas K, Kolossváry E, Ferenci T, Paksy A, Kiss I, Járai Z. Ankle Brachial Index is a strong predictor of mortality in hypertensive patients: results of a five-year follow-up study. INT ANGIOL 2022; 41:517-524. [PMID: 36326143 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.22.04930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the hypertensive population, the peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is considered one of the target organ damages. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) measurement represents the widely accepted clinical method that may objectively detect the presence of PAD. The study aimed to assess how PAD revealed by ABI predicts mortality in patients with hypertension. METHODS In the follow-up time (5 years period) of the Hungarian ERV Study, a large scale, multicenter observational study, recruiting hypertensive subjects between 50-75 years, the association of PAD with the survival time was analysed. Several multivariate, interval-censored survival models were developed to assess this association. RESULTS Among the 21892 enrolled hypertensive patients, the prevalence of PAD (ABI≤0.9) was 14.4%. The crude death rate was 5.44% (1190 cases) over the available observational period. In multivariate models male sex, myocardial infarction in patients' history, diabetes, renal failure, PAD and cardiovascular risk (SCORE risk) were significantly associated with mortality. Lower ABI showed a continuous, close to linear association with worse survival. PAD was predictive for mortality risk in all SCORE patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Low ABI is a strong predictor of mortality in hypertensive patients between the age 50-75, even after adjustment for several potential confounders. The association is linear, with no apparent cut-off, suggesting that ABI should be handled as a continuous variable. The detection of PAD in hypertensives may contribute to the determination of total cardiovascular risk in hypertensive population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Farkas
- Department of Angiology, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary -
| | - Endre Kolossváry
- Department of Angiology, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Ferenci
- Óbuda University, Physiological Controls Research Center, Budapest, Hungary.,Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Statistics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Paksy
- Hungarian Society of Hypertension, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Hungarian Society of Hypertension, Budapest, Hungary.,Department Nephrology, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Járai
- Hungarian Society of Hypertension, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Cardiology, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdelbagi O, Musa IR, Musa SM, ALtigani SA, Adam I. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults with diabetes mellitus in northern Sudan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 33838664 PMCID: PMC8037914 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), are highly prevalent worldwide health non-communicable diseases, and are associated with chronic complications. The co-existence of both conditions accelerates the related complications and increases morbidities and mortalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nahr an Nil State (River Nile State) in Sudan between May and August 2018 to identify the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among patients with DM in that region. Results The median (interquartile) age of the 1,973 enrolled patients was 58.0 (50.0‒65.0) years, and 818 (45.6%) were males. The median (interquartile) duration of diabetes was 5.0 (3.0‒9.0) years. Of the 1,973 enrolled participants, 21.7%, 1.3%, 37.1%, and 39.9% were normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Of 1,973 854 (47.6%) patients also had hypertension. Logistic regression analyses showed that elderly patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.03, 95%; confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‒1.04), males (AOR = 2.96, 95%; CI = 2.15‒4.07), employed patients (AOR = 1.92, 95%; CI = 1.38‒2.70), obese patients (AOR = 1.59, 95%; CI = 1.21‒2.08), and patients with diabetic foot (DF) (AOR = 2.45, 95%; CI = 1.72‒3.47) were at higher risk for hypertension. Conversely, patients with Type 2 DM (T2DM) (AOR = 0.63, 95%; CI = 0.50‒0.80) were at lower risk for hypertension. There was no significant association between overweight, uncontrolled DM, and hypertension. Conclusion This study showed a high prevalence of hypertension among patients with DM. Notably, older age, male gender, employment, duration of DM, DF, underweight, and obesity were significant predictors of hypertension among patients with DM.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-01983-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, Qunfudah Medical college, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R Musa
- Department of Medicine, Royal Commission Hospital, Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza M Musa
- Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim A ALtigani
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Berber, Sudan.
| | - Ishag Adam
- Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Registry of the Egyptian specialized hypertension clinics: patient risk profiles and geographical differences. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 34:520-527. [PMID: 31558807 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding the prevalence and characteristics of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among Egyptian hypertensive patients are limited. Nationwide Specialized Hypertension Clinics (SHCs) were initiated for screening, investigating, and treating hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and the CV risk profile of hypertensive Egyptians attending SHCs. Data from 4701 hypertensive patients were collected from the SHCs of nine university hospitals representing the different geographical regions of Egypt. Data collection started in October 2014 and ended in September 2017. Data included blood pressure (BP) measurements, clinical data, socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and cardiovascular risk profiles. The patients' mean age was 51.8 ± 11.5 years, 58.7% were older than 50 years, and 58.5% were females. The mean office systolic and diastolic BP values were 145.2 ± 22.4 and 88.7 ± 12.9 mmHg, respectively. Regarding CV risk factors, 58.6% were obese, 23.4% were smokers, and 25.1% had diabetes mellitus. Obesity was more prevalent in females than males (65.7% vs. 53.0%, p < 0.001, respectively), while dyslipidaemia and smoking were significantly more common in male patients. The highest levels of BP and the highest global risk were observed in the inhabitants of the Delta region, despite their younger age. In conclusion, this study revealed a high prevalence of modifiable CV risk factors among a cohort of Egyptian hypertensive patients attending SHCs. The pattern of the risk factors across the different geographic regions may be attributed to rapid urbanization. Governmental and community-based approaches are needed for better control of hypertension and its associated CV risk factors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Omar SM, Elnour O, Adam GK, Osman OE, Adam I. Assessment of blood pressure control in adult hypertensive patients in eastern Sudan. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:26. [PMID: 29415657 PMCID: PMC5803924 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rate of blood pressure (BP) control in adult hypertensive patients is poor and the reasons for poor control of BP pressure are not fully understood globally. This study aimed to assess the rate and factors associated with BP control in adult hypertensive patients in Sudan. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in adult hypertensive Sudanese patients at Gadarif Hospital in eastern Sudan from November 2016 to March 2017. Information on sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, comorbidities, antihypertensive medication, and adherence to antihypertensive medication was gathered from patients using a questionnaire. Fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured. Results A total of 380 patients were enrolled. Of them, 234 (61.6%) were women. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 57.8 (11.1) years (range: 25–93 years). Over one-third (n = 147, 38.7%) of the participants were taking more than one antihypertensive medication. Approximately one-third (29.5%) of the participants were non-adherent to medication. The rate of BP control was 45.3%. In binary logistic regression analyses, age, sex, physical inactivity, adding salt to food, drinking coffee, body mass index, and the lipid profile were not associated with uncontrolled BP. However, non-adherence to medication was the main factor associated with uncontrolled BP (odds ratio = 5.29, 95% confidence interval = 3.16–8.83, P < 0.001). Conclusions Almost half of hypertensive patients in follow-up have uncontrolled BP, mainly due to non-adherence to medicine. We recommend further research on drug adherence to improve the rate of BP control in this setting (Gadarif) of the Sudan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0769-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Osama Elnour
- Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Gamal K Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Osman E Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costa Filho FF, Timerman A, Saraiva JFK, Magalhaes CC, Pinto IMF, Oliveira GBF, Mattos AC, Avezum A. Independent predictors of effective blood pressure control in patients with hypertension on drug treatment in Brazil. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:125-132. [PMID: 29168987 PMCID: PMC8031249 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Population assessment of effective blood pressure (BP) control is fundamental for reducing the global burden of hypertension, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of BP control and determined independent predictors associated with effective control among patients with hypertension on drug treatment in a large cross-sectional study performed in two metropolitan areas in Brazil's southeast region. A total of 43 647 patients taking antihypertensive treatment were identified. Less than half of the patients (40.9%) had controlled BP (systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg). Independent predictors of BP control were age, eating fruit daily, physical activity, previous cardiovascular disease, male sex, diabetes mellitus, ethnicity, and obesity. Simple variables associated with BP control may be utilized for knowledge translation strategies aiming to reduce the burden of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Timerman
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of CardiologySao PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alvaro Avezum
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of CardiologySao PauloBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asgedom SW, Gudina EK, Desse TA. Assessment of Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients in Southwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166432. [PMID: 27880781 PMCID: PMC5120816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients is poor and the reasons for poor control of blood pressure remain poorly understood globally. OBJECTIVE To assess the rate of blood pressure control among adult hypertensive patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a hospital based cross sectional study among adult hypertensive patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital hypertension clinic from March 4, 2015 to April 3, 2015. Data on sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and adherence to antihypertensive medication(s) were collected from patients by face to face interview using a pretested structured questionnaire. Comorbidities, antihypertensive medication(s) and blood pressure measurements were collected retrospectively from medical records. Medication adherence was assessed using Morisky's Medication Adherence Scale-8 score. We did the statistical analysis using chi-square test and binary logistic regression with level of α set at 0.05. Statistical significance was considered for variables with p<0.05. RESULTS Out of 311 participants, 286 patients were eligible and were studied. More than half, 154 (53.8%), of the participants were males. The mean age of the participants was 54.8± 12.6 years (range 26 to 94). The majority, 196 (68.53%), of the participants were taking more than one antihypertensive medication. More than one third (39.5%) of the participants were non adherent to their medication(s). The rate of blood pressure control was 50.3%. In a univariate logistic regression analyses, age ≥65 years old (P = 0.008), physical inactivity (p<0.001), chat chewing (P<0.001), adding salt to food (P<0.001), and coffee use (P<0.001) are significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. CONCLUSION Almost half of the hypertensive patients on follow up had uncontrolled blood pressure. We recommend better health education and care of patients to improve the rate of blood pressure control at the hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Woldegebriel Asgedom
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Unit, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Kebede Gudina
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tigestu Alemu Desse
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Souza CS, Stein AT, Bastos GAN, Pellanda LC. Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in the "Hiperdia Program": a territory-based study. Arq Bras Cardiol 2014; 102:571-8. [PMID: 25004419 PMCID: PMC4079021 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20140081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic hypertension is highly prevalent and an important risk factor for cardiovascular events. Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients enrolled in the Hiperdia Program, a program of the Single Health System for the follow-up and monitoring of hypertensive patients, is still far below the desired level. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiological profile and to assess blood pressure control of patients enrolled in Hiperdia, in the city of Novo Hamburgo (State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). METHODS Cross-sectional study with a stratified cluster random sample, including 383 adults enrolled in the Hiperdia Program of the 15 Basic Health Units of the city of Porto Alegre, conducted between 2010 and 2011. Controlled blood pressure was defined as ≤ 140 mmHg × 90 mmHg. The hypertensive patients were interviewed and their blood pressure was measured using a calibrated aneroid device. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence interval, Wald's χ(2) test, and simple and multiple Poisson regression were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean age was 63 ± 10 years, and most of the patients were females belonging to social class C, with a low level of education, a sedentary lifestyle, and family history positive for systemic hypertension. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was observed in 31%; adherence to the antihypertensive treatment in 54.3%; and 33.7% had their blood pressure controlled. DM was strongly associated with inadequate BP control, with only 15.7% of the diabetics showing BP considered as controlled. CONCLUSION Even for hypertensive patients enrolled in the Hiperdia Program, BP control is not satisfactorily reached or sustained. Diabetic hypertensive patients show the most inappropriate BP control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarita Silva de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia -
Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia
| | - Airton Tetelbom Stein
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA,
Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
| | | | - Lucia Campos Pellanda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia -
Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA,
Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinho NDA, Pierin AMG. Hypertension control in brazilian publications. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013; 101:e65-73. [PMID: 24061761 PMCID: PMC4032316 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major public health problem due to its high prevalence and cardiovascular complications. Its treatment is aimed at reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, its goal being to maintain blood pressure levels below 140/90 mm Hg. Hypertension control in Brazil is low, and nationwide rates are unknown. The objective of this review was to provide an overview on hypertension control in Brazil from publications in a database. We identified 45 publications. In population-based studies, the highest control rate (57.6%) was reported in a multicenter study in 100 municipalities and the city of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo state (52.4%), while the lowest rates (around 10%) were identified in microregions of the Rio Grande do Sul state and in the city of Tubarão, Santa Catarina state. In conclusion, the studies assessed showed a wide variation in hypertension control rates. It is worth noting that the comparison between studies was a major limiting factor, because of the different methods used.
Collapse
|
9
|
Holecki M, Duława J, Chudek J. Resistant hypertension in visceral obesity. Eur J Intern Med 2012; 23:643-8. [PMID: 22939810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral obesity increases the risk of arterial hypertension (78% of cases of hypertension in men and 65% of cases in women). The aim of the study is to assess the role of visceral obesity in causing resistant hypertension (RH). METHODS The survey was performed on 5065 hypertensive patients with visceral obesity. BP control was analyzed on the basis of office and home BP measurements. Patients reporting non-compliance were excluded from the study. RESULTS The percentage of RH after excluding undertreated patients (receiving less than 3 drugs or on at least 3-drug regimen without diuretic and without reaching target BP goal) was 13.9%. RH was more frequent only in obese with BMI ≥ 35 and <40 kg/m(2) (16.2%) and in morbidly obese individuals (26.5%). Patients with BMI ≥ 35 and <40 kg/m(2) and with morbid obesity were receiving three-drug therapy more frequently than patients with visceral obesity and BMI<30 kg/m(2). A multiple regression analysis revealed that obesity was associated with RH independent from longer than 5-year period of antihypertensive therapy, diabetes, smoking cigarettes, cardiovascular disease and heart failure. The analysis of home BP measurement revealed that in 11.1% of patients RH was in fact "white coat" hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Undertreatment, underuse of diuretics in multidrug regimens, and the "white-coat" effect are the most common reasons for over-diagnosing resistant hypertension in patients with visceral obesity. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of RH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Holecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weil J, Schunkert H. [Resistant arterial hypertension]. MMW Fortschr Med 2012; 154:70-2. [PMID: 22642035 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-012-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Weil
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muxfeldt ES, Fiszman R, de Souza F, Viegas B, Oliveira FC, Salles GF. Appropriate Time Interval to Repeat Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Patients With White-Coat Resistant Hypertension. Hypertension 2012; 59:384-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.185405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled office blood pressure, despite the use of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is mandatory to diagnose 2 different groups, those with true and white-coat resistant hypertension. Patients are found to change categories between controlled/uncontrolled ambulatory pressures without changing their office blood pressures. In this way, ABPM should be periodically repeated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the most appropriate time interval to repeat ABPM to assure sustained blood pressure control in patients with white-coat resistant hypertension. This prospective study enrolled 198 patients (69% women; mean age: 68.9±9.9 years) diagnosed as white-coat resistant hypertension on ABPM. Patients were submitted to a second confirmatory examination 3 months later and repeated twice at 6-month intervals. Statistical analyses included Bland-Altman repeatability coefficients and multivariate logistic regression. Mean office blood pressure was 163±20/84±17 mm Hg, and mean 24-hour blood pressure was 118±8/66±7 mm Hg. White-coat resistant hypertension diagnosis presented a moderate reproducibility and was confirmed in 144 patients after 3 months. In the third and fourth ABPMs, 74% and 79% of patients sustained the diagnosis. In multivariate regression, a daytime systolic blood pressure ≤115 mm Hg in the confirmatory ABPM triplicated the chance of white-coat resistant hypertension status persistence after 1 year. In conclusion, a confirmatory ABPM is necessary after 3 months of the first white-coat–resistant hypertension diagnosis, and the procedure should be repeated at 6-month intervals, except in patients with daytime systolic blood pressure ≤115 mm Hg, in whom it may be repeated annually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Muxfeldt
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fiszman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Souza
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Viegas
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. Oliveira
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gil F. Salles
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR, Gorostidi M, de la Cruz JJ, Armario P, Oliveras A, Ruilope LM. Clinical features of 8295 patients with resistant hypertension classified on the basis of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Hypertension 2011; 57:898-902. [PMID: 21444835 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the prevalence of resistant hypertension through both office and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in a large cohort of treated hypertensive patients from the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry. In addition, we also compared clinical features of patients with true or white-coat-resistant hypertension. In December 2009, we identified 68 045 treated patients with complete information for this analysis. Among them, 8295 (12.2% of the database) had resistant hypertension (office blood pressure ≥140 and/or 90 mm Hg while being treated with ≥3 antihypertensive drugs, 1 of them being a diuretic). After ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 62.5% of patients were classified as true resistant hypertensives, the remaining 37.5% having white-coat resistance. The former group was younger, more frequently men, with a longer duration of hypertension and a worse cardiovascular risk profile. The group included larger proportions of smokers, diabetics, target organ damage (including left ventricular hypertrophy, impaired renal function, and microalbuminuria), and documented cardiovascular disease. Moreover, true resistant hypertensives exhibited in a greater proportion a riser pattern (22% versus 18%; P<0.001). In conclusion, this study first reports the prevalence of resistant hypertension in a large cohort of patients in usual daily practice. Resistant hypertension is present in 12% of the treated hypertensive population, but among them more than one third have normal ambulatory blood pressure. A worse risk profile is associated with true resistant hypertension, but this association is weak, thus making it necessary to assess ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for a correct diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de la Sierra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Plaza Dr Robert 5, 08221-Terrassa, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Helena ETDS, Nemes MIB, Eluf-Neto J. Avaliação da assistência a pessoas com hipertensão arterial em Unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902010000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: analisar a assistência a pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) prestada por equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em Blumenau-SC. MÉTODOS: foram entrevistadas 595 pessoas com HAS moradoras da área de 10 ESF. As variáveis estudadas foram: características demográficas e socioeconômicas, estilo de vida, tratamento, comorbidades, adesão ao tratamento, satisfação com o serviço e níveis pressóricos. Na análise, utilizaram-se os testes de "t de Student" e Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: a idade média foi 60,6 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino, cor branca, casadas, com até quatro anos de estudo, sem trabalhar, das classes C e D. A média de escolaridade foi maior em pessoas brancas e das classes A e B (p<0,001). Relataram tabagismo 13,1% e consumo de álcool 23,7%. O tempo médio de uso de medicamentos para HAS foi de 127,9 meses, em média 1,9 medicamentos, e a monoterapia com inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina foi o esquema mais frequente (19,6%). Relataram reações adversas 20,6%, que estavam associadas ao maior número de medicamentos (p<0,02). Mais de 90% se mostraram satisfeitos com os serviços. A prevalência de não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso foi de 53,1%. Apresentaram PA > 140x90mmHg 69,3%. O descontrole pressórico mostrou-se associado a não adesão, sedentarismo e classes C/D/E. CONCLUSÕES: apesar do acesso a consultas e medicamentos e da satisfação dos usuários, os valores elevados de não adesão e dos níveis pressóricos colocam como desafio a melhoria da qualidade da assistência.
Collapse
|
14
|
Office blood pressure and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements: high proportion of disagreement in resistant hypertension. J Clin Epidemiol 2009; 62:745-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Rubinstein A, Alcocer L, Chagas A. High blood pressure in Latin America: a call to action. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 3:259-85. [PMID: 19561117 DOI: 10.1177/1753944709338084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is an enormous global problem, and is especially challenging for low- and middle-income countries such as those of Latin America. Although developed countries have benefited from significant reductions in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in recent decades, comparable reductions have not been achieved in Latin America. In fact, the prevalence of high BP is increasing in many Latin American countries, and the situation will worsen without definitive efforts to correct it. The growing preponderance of hypertension and chronic diseases, coupled with expected increases in population growth, present a mounting threat to Latin American economies. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the burden of high BP throughout Latin America, and presents recommendations for change. The dismal observations warrant a call to action for improved control of high BP and other cardiovascular risk factors across Latin America. Achieving these ambitious goals will require collaborative efforts by many groups, including policymakers, international organizations, healthcare providers, schools and society as a whole.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdulle AM, Nagelkerke NJD, Abouchacra S, Pathan JY, Adem A, Obineche EN. Under- treatment and under diagnosis of hypertension: a serious problem in the United Arab Emirates. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2006; 6:24. [PMID: 16753071 PMCID: PMC1501045 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-6-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension, notably untreated or uncontrolled, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) morbidity and mortality. In countries in transition, little is known about the epidemiology of hypertension, and its biochemical correlates. This study was carried out in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, to characterize self-reported (SR) normotensives and hypertensives in terms of actual hypertension status, demographic variables, CVD risk factors, treatment, and sequalae. Methods A sample, stratified by SR hypertensive status, of 349 SR hypertensives (Mean age ± SD; 50.8 ± 9.2 yrs; Male: 226) and 640 SR normotensives (42.9 ± 9.3 yrs, Male: 444) among nationals and expatriates was used. Hypertensives and normotensive subjects were recruited from various outpatient clinics and government organizations in Al-Ain city, United Arab Emirates (UAE) respectively. Anthropometric and demographic variables were measured by conventional methods. Results Both under-diagnosis of hypertension (33%) and under-treatment (76%) were common. Characteristics of undiagnosed hypertensives were intermediate between normotensives and SR hypertensives. Under-diagnosis of hypertension was more common among foreigners than among nationals. Risk factors for CVD were more prevalent among SR hypertensives. Obesity, lack of exercise and smoking were found as major risk factors for CVD among hypertensives in this population. Conclusion Hypertension, even severe, is commonly under-diagnosed and under-treated in the UAE. Preventive strategies, better diagnosis and proper treatment compliance should be emphasized to reduce incidence of CVD in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdishakur M Abdulle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nico JD Nagelkerke
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Samra Abouchacra
- Department of Nephrology, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Y Pathan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Enyioma N Obineche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Hypertension is a common disorder with well-recognized consequences on the heart, brain, and kidney as target organs. Guidelines espouse a treatment goal of blood pressure reduction to <140 mm Hg for the systolic pressure and <90 mm Hg for the diastolic pressure in most hypertensive patients. In this review, the basis for these recommendations, the practical achievement of these goals in various practice settings, and the risk versus the benefit of achieving such goals in most hypertensive patients are examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte Hypertension and Stone Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|