1
|
Musa IR, Hassan AA, Adam I. Multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among adults in northern Sudan: a community-based cross-sectional study. J Health Popul Nutr 2024; 43:13. [PMID: 38281058 PMCID: PMC10822146 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity (having two or more coexisting long-term conditions) is a growing global challenge. However, data on multimorbidity among adults in Africa, including Sudan, are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among adults in Sudan. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in northern Sudan from March 2022 to May 2022. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire. Multimorbidity was defined as having two or more coexisting long-term conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, obesity, anaemia and depression-anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associated factors. RESULTS The participants included 250 adults: 119 (47.6%) males and 131(52.4%) females. The median interquartile range (IQR) of the enrolled adults of the age was 43.0 (30.0‒55.0) years. Of the 250 adults, 82(32.8%), 17(6.8%), 84(33.6%), and 67(26.8%) were normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively; 148(59.2%), 72(28.8%), 63(25.2%), 67(26.8%), and 98(39.2%) had hypertension, DM, anaemia, obesity, and depression-anxiety, respectively. A total of 154 adults (61.6%) had multimorbidity: 97(38.8%), 49(19.6%), and 8(3.2%) had two, three, and four morbidities, respectively. The remaining 21 (8.4%), and 75 (30.0%) adults had no morbidity, and one morbidity, respectively. In amultivariate logistic regression analysis, increasing age (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01‒1.05), and female sex (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.16‒4.06) were associated with multimorbidity. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of multimorbidity revealed in this study uncovers a major public health problem among Sudanese adults. Our results show that increasing age and female sex are associated with multimorbidity. Additional extensive studies are necessary to evaluate the magnitude of multimorbidity for improved future planning and establishing effective health systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51911, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Musa IR, Osman OE, Adam I. The association between parity and hypertension: a cross-sectional, community-based study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1247244. [PMID: 37937292 PMCID: PMC10626486 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1247244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The available data on the association between parity and hypertension are inconclusive. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its association with parity among adult Sudanese women. Methods A multi-stage sampling survey was conducted in four villages in the River Nile State in Sudan between July and September 2022. The World Health Organization's three-level stepwise questionnaire was used to gather the participants' sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, parity, educational level, occupation, obstetric history, family history of hypertension, weight and height). Regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 408 women were recruited. The median [measured in terms of interquartile range (IQR)] age was 45.0 years (33.0-55.7 years). A linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between parity and diastolic blood pressure (coefficient, 0.60; P = 0.011). The prevalence of hypertension (55.9%) increased with parity and ranged from 43.7% to 74.9%. In the multivariate analyses, increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.05), increasing parity (AOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19), family history of hypertension (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.15-2.77), and increasing body mass index (AOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13) were associated with hypertension. In women of ages ≥ 50 years, increasing parity was significantly associated with hypertension (AOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.2-1.29). Para > 5 (AOR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.11-6.73) was associated with hypertension. Conclusion A high prevalence of hypertension was found among Sudanese women, and that parity at 5 or more is linked to hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R. Musa
- Department of Medicine, Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman E. Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Musa IR, Omar SM, AlEed A, Al-Nafeesah A, Adam I. Mid-upper arm circumference as a screening tool for identifying underweight adolescents. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1200077. [PMID: 37867488 PMCID: PMC10587426 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a potentially credible alternative method for body mass index (BMI) to assess nutritional status. We aimed to assess the correlation between MUAC and BMI- Z-score and to identify a reliable MUAC cut-off point to detect underweight (BMI- Z-score of < -2 standard deviation) Sudanese adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in eastern Sudan. After obtaining adolescents' age and sex, their weight, height, and MUAC were measured using the standard procedures. The MUAC (cm) cut-off corresponding to underweight was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results In total, 390 adolescents were enrolled in the study and 205 (52.6%) of them were females. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 15.1 (14.0-16.3) years. The medians (IQR) of MUAC and BMI- Z-score were 22.0 (20.0-24.0) cm and - 0.62 (-1.5-0.3), respectively. MUAC was positively correlated with BMI Z-score in all participants (r = 0.534, p < 0.001), in females (r = 0.715, p < 0.001), and in males (r = 0.404, p < 0.001). Of the 390 enrolled adolescents, 61(15.6%) were underweight. The MUAC cut-off for underweight was ≤21.2 cm in all participants (Youden's Index, YI = 0.50; sensitivity = 82.0%; specificity = 68.0%, AUROCC = 0.78), in females (YI = 0.66, sensitivity = 86.0%, specificity = 80.0%, AUROCC = 0.87), and in males (YI = 0.32, sensitivity = 80.0%, specificity = 52.0%, AUROCC = 0.69). Conclusion MUAC has good accuracy results and can be adopted for community-based screening of underweight adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R. Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M. Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Ashwaq AlEed
- Department of Pediatrics, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Nafeesah
- Department of Pediatrics, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alyousif H, Ahmed MAS, Khair AM, Alharbi FH, Hassan S, Elbadwi NM, Musa IR. The Prevalence and Associated Predictors for Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Patients With Thyroid Nodules. J Clin Med Res 2023; 15:166-173. [PMID: 37035850 PMCID: PMC10079371 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid nodules (TNs) with the risk of malignancy are increasing globally. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence and the associated predictors for DM among adult patients with TNs in Royal Commission Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods A retrospective study was conducted between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021. Patients with documented TNs based on the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) were recruited. Then the prevalence and associated risk factors for DM were assessed. Result Three hundred ninety-one patients who had TNs were recruited. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 46.00 (20.0) years, and 332 (84.9%) of the patients were females. There was a high prevalence of DM (24.0%) among adult patients with TNs. In the univariate analysis, there were significant associations between diagnosed DM among adult patients with TNs and age, gender, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level, hypertension, bronchial asthma, free triiodothyronine (FT3), white blood cell count, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides. In the multivariate analysis, there were significant associations between diagnosed DM among adult patients with TNs and age (odds ratio (OR) 1.037 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.012 - 1.062)), hypertension (OR 0.374 (95% CI 0.203 - 0.689)), FT3 level (OR 0.635 (95% CI 0.412 - 0.980)), LDL (OR 0.643 (95% CI 0.456 - 0.907)) and HDL (OR 0.654 (95% CI 0.465 - 0.919)). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of DM among patients with TNs. Age, hypertension, FT3, LDL and HDL were significantly associated with DM and TNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Alyousif
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A. Sid Ahmed
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Khair
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal H. Alharbi
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Hassan
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nusaiba M. Elbadwi
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R. Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding Author: Imad R. Musa, Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khair AM, Ahmed MAS, Alharbi FH, hassan S, Elbadwi NM, Almutairi SN, Musa IR. Prevalence and Associated Predictors of Hypertension in Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules at the Royal Commission Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cardiol Cardiovasc Med 2023; 7:17-24. [PMID: 36874270 PMCID: PMC9983684 DOI: 10.26502/fccm.9220303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertension and thyroid nodules (TNs) are common medical problems that are increasing in prevalence globally. Hence, we conducted this study to assess the prevalence and associated predictors of hypertension in adult patients with TNs at the Royal Commission Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods A retrospective study was conducted between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2021. Patients with documented TNs based on the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) were recruited to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors for hypertension. Result Three hundred ninety-one patients with TNs were recruited for this study. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 46.00 (20.0) years, and 332 (84.9%) of the patients were females. The median (IQR) body mass index (BMI) was 30.26 (7.71) kg/m2. There was a high prevalence of hypertension (22.5%) in adult patients with TNs. In the univariate analysis, there were significant associations between diagnosed hypertension in patients with TNs and age, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), bronchial asthma, triiodothyronine (FT3), total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In the multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.076 [95% CI 1.048 - 1.105]), sex (OR = 2.28 [95% CI 1.132 - 4.591]), DM (OR = 0.316 [95% CI 0.175 - 0.573]) and total cholesterol levels (OR = 0.820 [95% CI 0.694 - 0.969]) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of hypertension in patients with TNs. Age, female sex, DM and elevated total cholesterol are significant predictors of hypertension in adult patients with TNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Khair
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A Sid Ahmed
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal H Alharbi
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha hassan
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nusaiba M Elbadwi
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Naji Almutairi
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Imad R Musa, Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Musa IR, Omar SM, Adam I. Mid-upper arm circumference as a substitute for body mass index in the assessment of nutritional status among adults in eastern Sudan. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2056. [PMID: 36357916 PMCID: PMC9650816 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI) remains the most used indicator of nutritional status despite the presence of a potentially credible alternative. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an anthropometric measure that requires simple equipment and minimal training. The aim of this study was to compare MUAC with BMI and propose a MUAC cut-off point corresponding to a BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2 (underweight) and ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 (obesity) among Sudanese adults. Methods A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling was conducted in New-Halfa, eastern Sudan. Participants’ age and sex were recorded and their MUAC, weight and height were measured using the standard procedures. The MUAC (cm) cut-offs corresponding to < 18.5 kg/m2 and ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 were calculated and determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis Results Five hundreds and fifty-two adults were enrolled in the study. The median (interquartile range, IQR) of the participants age was 31.0 (24.0 – 40.0) years and 331 (60.0%) of them were females. The medians (IQR) of BMI and MUAC were 22.4 (19.1 – 26.3) kg/m2 and 25.0 (23.0 – 28.0) cm, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between MUAC and BMI (r = 0.673, p < 0.001). Of the 552 enrolled participants, 104 (18.8%), 282 (51.1%), 89 (16.1%) and 77 (13.9%) were normal weight, underweight, overweight and obese, respectively. Best statistically derived MUAC cut-off corresponding to a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (underweight) was ≤ 25.5 cm in both males and females (Youden’s Index, YI = 0.51; sensitivity = 96.0%; specificity = 54.0%), with a good predictive value (AUROCC = 0.82). Best statistically derived MUAC cut-off corresponding to a BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 (obesity) was ≥ 29.5 cm in both males and females (YI = 0.62, sensitivity = 70.3%, specificity = 92.0%), with a good predictive value (AUROCC = 0.86, 95.0% CI = 0.76 – 0.95). Conclusion The results suggest that the cut-offs based on MUAC can be used for community-based screening of underweight and obesity
Collapse
|
7
|
Omar SM, Musa IR, Idrees MB, Abdelbagi O, Adam I. Prevalence and associated factors of erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus in eastern Sudan. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:141. [PMID: 35643513 PMCID: PMC9148516 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health threat and burden that is associated with many chronic complications. Erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients with DM is one of these complications. There is no published data on ED in Sudan; hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence of ED and the associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in eastern Sudan. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study. Data on blood glucose level, cholesterol level, anthropometric and demographic characteristics, results of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, and clinical history were obtained. RESULTS A total of 334 men with T2DM with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 55.0 (±10.0) years were enrolled in the study. The median (IQR) of the duration of DM was 7.0 (±8) years, and 260 (77.8%) had uncontrolled T2DM. The median (IQR) body mass index was 24.5 (±4.9) kg/m2. Of the participants, 81 (24.3%) had severe ED, 52 (15.6%) had moderate ED, 75 (22.5%) had mild to moderate ED, and 63 (13.9%) had mild ED. Of the 334 men, 271 (81.1%) had ED. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.14), duration of DM (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.06-1.51), and cholesterol levels (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 1.75-7.11) were positively associated with ED. Moreover, poor glycaemic control (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.70-6.71, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with ED. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of ED among patients with T2DM in eastern Sudan. Age, duration of DM, and cholesterol were positively associated with ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Omar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Imad R. Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon B. Idrees
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Omer Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, AL Qunfudhah Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Qunfudhah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Omar SM, Musa IR, Abdelbagi O, Sharif ME, Adam I. The association between glycosylated haemoglobin and newly diagnosed hypertension in a non-diabetic Sudanese population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:208. [PMID: 35538423 PMCID: PMC9088041 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is considered reliable for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes mellitus (DM). It also indicates cardiovascular complications related to DM. However, only a few studies have been conducted on this topic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between newly diagnosed hypertension and HbA1c among non-diabetic Sudanese adults. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants in the sample were gathered using a questionnaire, and HbA1c was measured using an Ichroma machine. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-four healthy participants were enrolled in this study. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 56.0 (14.0) years, and 72.1% of the participants were female. The median (IQR) body mass index (BMI) was 31.2 (8.7) kg/m2. One hundred and fifteen (29.9%) participants presented newly diagnosed hypertension. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that age (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01‒1.05); BMI (AOR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.05‒1.14); HbA1c levels (AOR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.29‒3.67) was positively associated with newly diagnosed hypertension. For an HbA1c level of 5.0% or more, the sensitivity and specificity of newly diagnosed hypertension were 91.3% and 28.2%, respectively (area under the curve = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.55-0.67; P ˂ 0.001). Participants who presented HbA1c levels of 5.0% or more were found to be at higher risk for newly diagnosed hypertension (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.14‒5.61). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of newly diagnosed hypertension, and HbA1c levels were positively associated with newly diagnosed hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan.
| | - Imad R Musa
- Department of Medicine, Royal Commission Hospital in Al Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, AL Qunfudhah Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Qunfudhah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Sharif
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed MAA, Musa IR, Mahgoub HM, Al-Nafeesah A, Al-Wutayd O, Adam I. Patterns, Outcomes and Predictors of Pediatric Medical Admissions at Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:764028. [PMID: 35155303 PMCID: PMC8829559 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.764028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduction of childhood mortality is a reliable indicator of a national health system's progress and improvement. Sudan's population is still suffering from communicable diseases, with a considerably higher mortality rate among children. Efforts are therefore needed to reduce mortality and achieve the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. This study was conducted to determine the morbidity, mortality and outcomes of children admitted to Gadarif Hospital in eastern Sudan. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical files of pediatric patients who were admitted to Gadarif Hospital between March 1, 2019 and March 31, 2020. RESULT A total of 740 medical files were reviewed. Most, 453 (61.2%) of the admissions were males. The median (interquartile range) age was 3.0 (8.0) years and 433 (58.8%) of the admissions were under 5 years of age. The median (interquartile range) of the length of hospital stay was 9.0 (12.0) days. Visceral leishmaniasis, malnutrition, severe malaria, sickle cell disease, acute watery diarrhea, severe anemia (regardless of its cause), septicemia and acute respiratory infection were the most common causes of admission. The mortality rate was 5.7%, and it was significantly higher in females than males [24/287 (8.4%) vs. 18/453 (4.0%), P = 0.01] and in children under 5 years [36/433 (8.3%) vs. 6/307 (2.0%), P < 0.001]. Malnutrition, visceral leishmaniasis, septicemia and meningitis/encephalitis were the main diseases causing death in the study population. The case fatality rate was not significantly different in malnutrition than in visceral leishmaniasis [9/93 (9.7%) vs. 7/178 (3.9%), P = 0.05]. CONCLUSION The main causes of morbidity and mortality for children admitted to Gadarif Pediatric Hospital were communicable diseases. The mortality rate was 5.7%. Females and children under 5 years were the most vulnerable groups for fatality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Imad R. Musa
- Department of Medicine, Royal Commission Hospital in Al Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah Al-Nafeesah
- Department of Pediatrics, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al-Wutayd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alyousif H, Adam I, Alamin NA, Sid Ahmed MA, Al Saeed A, Hassoni AH, Musa IR. The prevalence and associated predictors for Bethesda III-VI for reporting thyroid cytopathology in Royal Commission Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221122486. [PMID: 36111207 PMCID: PMC9469765 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221122486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is increasing globally and is currently the most prevalent endocrine malignancy. Recent data show an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Thyroid ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are the cornerstones in managing thyroid nodules. We conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence and the associated predictors for thyroid nodule Bethesda III-VI in eastern KSA. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted between January 2015 and 31 August 2021. The participants were recruited patients who received a thyroid ultrasound and ultrasound-guided thyroid FNAC, using the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) and the Bethesda Classification, respectively. RESULT Three hundred and ten patients who underwent thyroid FNAC were enrolled in the study. The median (interquartile, IQR) age was 47.0 (20.0) years, and 266 (85.8%) of them were females. The median (IQR) body mass index was 30.2 (7.6) kg/m2. Out of these participants, 64.8% were euthyroid, 27.4% had hypothyroidism and 7.7% had hyperthyroidism. The ACR TI-RADS-3, 4 and 5 were 51.3%, 46.1% and 2.6%, respectively. The Bethesda outcome of thyroid FNAC I-VI was 5.2%, 63.9%, 15.5%, 5.8%, 3.5% and 6.1%, respectively. The risk for malignancy (Bethesda III-VI) was documented in 31.0% and atypia of undetermined significance was most prevalent (15.5%). A higher ACR TI-RADS score was associated with a higher risk of malignancy: ACR TI-RADS-3 (20.8%), ACR TI-RADS-4 (39.2%) and ACR TI-RADS-5 (87.5%). In a multivariate analysis, only the ACR TI-RADS score was significantly associated with the outcome of thyroid FNAC: ACR TI-RADS-4 [OR = 2.59 (95% CI = 1.54-4.36)] and ACR TI-RADS-5 [OR = 29.03 (95% CI = 3.44-245.07)]. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of Bethesda III-VI and atypia of undetermined significance was most prevalent. A thyroid ultrasound report for TI-RADS was significantly associated with the outcome of thyroid FNAC and is a reliable tool in the absence of molecular testing for thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Alyousif
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mona A. Sid Ahmed
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Al Saeed
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abdelbagi OM, Musa IR, Altigani SA, Osman A, Adam I. Prevalence of diabetic foot amongst adults with diabetes mellitus in northern Sudan: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14892. [PMID: 34541736 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for diabetic foot (DF) amongst patients with diabetes Mellites (DM) in Nahr an Nil State (River Nile State), Sudan. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study between May and August 2018. DM patients were examined for DF, and clinical data were collected through a questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 2048 DM patients were enrolled in the study. Their median (interquartile range) age was 58 (15) years. Over half (54.2%) of the patients were female. The median (interquartile range) of the duration of diabetes was 5 (6) years. In this sample, 70.1% of the patients had type 2 DM and 47.6% had hypertension as well. Of all enrolled patients, 21.2% had normal weight, 1.2% were underweight, 37.2% were overweight and 40.4% were obese. Two hundred and sixty (12.7%) patients had DF. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-1.24] and duration of DM (AOR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.14) were positively associated with DF. Moreover, type 2 DM (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17-2.68), family history of DM (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.07-2.09), hypertension (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI: 2.07-4.16) and obesity (AOR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.70-4.81) were associated with DF. There was no significant association between DF and gender or overweight status. CONCLUSION This study found a high prevalence of DF. Older age, type 2 DM, duration of DM, family history of DM and hypertension are associated with DF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer M Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R Musa
- Department of Medicine, Royal Commission Hospital in Al Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim A Altigani
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Barbar, Sudan
| | - Abdelrhaman Osman
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Barbar, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Omar SM, Musa IR, Idrees MB, Adam I. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in eastern Sudan. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:336. [PMID: 34229659 PMCID: PMC8259025 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health threat and burden. It is associated with medical and psychological complications, especially depression. Depression among patients with DM may affect the general prognosis. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Gadarif, eastern Sudan to evaluate the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study. Data on anthropometric parameters, demographic characteristics and blood glucose levels were collected via questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). RESULTS Three hundred and fifty patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study and 205 (58.6%) were women. The median (interquartile range) age and duration of diabetes were 56.0 (14.0) years and 8 (8) years, respectively. The prevalence of depression in patients with T2DM was 35.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between depression and rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-3.72), non-employee (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.34-4.00), co-morbidity (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.43-3.86) and obesity AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.48-4.18). CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression is high among Sudanese patients with T2DM. Rural residence, unemployment, co-morbidity and obesity are significant risk factors for developing depression among patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Omar
- grid.442372.40000 0004 0447 6305Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Imad R. Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital, Al Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon B. Idrees
- grid.442372.40000 0004 0447 6305Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- grid.412602.30000 0000 9421 8094Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Musa IR, Omar SM, Sharif ME, Ahmed ABA, Adam I. The calculated versus the measured glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23873. [PMID: 34125975 PMCID: PMC8373363 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is increasing globally. It is associated with chronic complications that are more common among patients with poor glycaemic control. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c ) is the gold standard for monitoring glycaemic control. Measurements of HbA1c are relatively expensive and not available in some remote areas of developing countries. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the agreement between the calculated and measured HbA1c levels. The equation to compute the calculated HbA1c also incorporated the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and was as follows: HbA1c = 2.6 + 0.03 × FBG (mg/dl). RESULT We enrolled 290 patients with type 2 DM in this study. Of these, 204 (70.3%) were females and the mean (SD) age was 54.9 (12.8) years. The mean (SD) diabetes duration was 6.8 (5.5) years. There were 211 (72.8%) patients using oral hypoglycaemic agents, 62 (21.4%) were using insulin and 17 (5.9%) were using both insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents. There was a borderline difference between the mean (SD) calculated and measured HbA1c levels (p = 0.054). There was a significant correlation between the calculated and measured HbA1c (r = 0.595, p < 0.001). However, there was no agreement between the calculated and measured HbA1c . The bias ±SD (limits of agreement) for calculated versus measured HbA1c was -1.008 ± 2.02% (-5.05, 2.032). CONCLUSION Despite the presence of a significant correlation between the calculated and measured HbA1c , the calculated level has shown an unacceptable agreement with the measured HbA1c .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital in Al Jubail Industrial City, Al Jaubil, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Manal E Sharif
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel B A Ahmed
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdelbagi O, Musa IR, Musa SM, ALtigani SA, Adam I. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults with diabetes mellitus in northern Sudan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 33838664 PMCID: PMC8037914 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), are highly prevalent worldwide health non-communicable diseases, and are associated with chronic complications. The co-existence of both conditions accelerates the related complications and increases morbidities and mortalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nahr an Nil State (River Nile State) in Sudan between May and August 2018 to identify the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among patients with DM in that region. Results The median (interquartile) age of the 1,973 enrolled patients was 58.0 (50.0‒65.0) years, and 818 (45.6%) were males. The median (interquartile) duration of diabetes was 5.0 (3.0‒9.0) years. Of the 1,973 enrolled participants, 21.7%, 1.3%, 37.1%, and 39.9% were normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Of 1,973 854 (47.6%) patients also had hypertension. Logistic regression analyses showed that elderly patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.03, 95%; confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‒1.04), males (AOR = 2.96, 95%; CI = 2.15‒4.07), employed patients (AOR = 1.92, 95%; CI = 1.38‒2.70), obese patients (AOR = 1.59, 95%; CI = 1.21‒2.08), and patients with diabetic foot (DF) (AOR = 2.45, 95%; CI = 1.72‒3.47) were at higher risk for hypertension. Conversely, patients with Type 2 DM (T2DM) (AOR = 0.63, 95%; CI = 0.50‒0.80) were at lower risk for hypertension. There was no significant association between overweight, uncontrolled DM, and hypertension. Conclusion This study showed a high prevalence of hypertension among patients with DM. Notably, older age, male gender, employment, duration of DM, DF, underweight, and obesity were significant predictors of hypertension among patients with DM.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-01983-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, Qunfudah Medical college, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R Musa
- Department of Medicine, Royal Commission Hospital, Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza M Musa
- Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim A ALtigani
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Berber, Sudan.
| | - Ishag Adam
- Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hassan B, Rayis DA, Musa IR, Eltayeb R, ALhabardi N, Adam I. Blood Groups and Hematological Parameters Do Not Associate with First Trimester Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Institutional Experience). Ann Clin Lab Sci 2021; 51:97-101. [PMID: 33653786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are few published researches on blood groups, hematological parameters [hemoglobin, red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cells (WBCs), mean platelets volume (MPV)] and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of haematological indices with GDM in early pregnancy. METHODS The study was carried out at Saad Abuelela Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) during March-November of 2018. Pregnant Sudanese women in early pregnancy (gestational age <14 weeks) were enrolled in the study. The details of the medical and obstetrics history were recorded. The women were then followed up until 24-28 weeks of gestation when a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test was performed. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-three women at 10.2 week of gestational age completed the follow-up. The mean (SD) of the age and gravidity at the initial antenatal visit were 28.03 (5.6) years, 2.32 (2.41). The mean (SD) of body mass index (BMI) was 27.28 (24.41-30.80) kg/m2. Fifty women (19.8%) had GDM. Age, parity, BMI, place of residence, employment and education were not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the blood groups and hematological parameters between women with and without GDM. CONCLUSION In this study, the blood groups and other hematological parameters were not different between women with and without GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahaeldin Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Duria A Rayis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital in Al Jubail Industrial City. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Eltayeb
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah ALhabardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Omar SM, Musa IR, Salah SE, Elnur MM, Al-Wutayd O, Adam I. High Mortality Rate in Adult COVID-19 Inpatients in Eastern Sudan: A Retrospective Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:1887-1893. [PMID: 33324068 PMCID: PMC7733440 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s283900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a global public health concern that has resulted in the rapid growth in the number of infected patients with significant mortality rates. Hence, we conducted a retrospective study in Gadarif Hospital to evaluate the presenting manifestations, mortality rate, and the risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan. Medical files of the patients admitted during the period between April and July 2020 were reviewed. All the files of the adult patients (aged 18 or above), of both sexes, who had a confirmed COVID-19-positive status via laboratory testing using PCR and who were admitted during this period were reviewed. The data extracted included patients' demographics and initial clinical presentation, symptoms, signs, and the laboratory and radiographic findings. The data were analyzed using SPSS v22. RESULTS Eighty-eight patients were admitted with COVID-19. The median (interquartile) age was 62 (55.00-70.00) years old, and 72 (81.8%) of them were males. Most patients (75%) experienced a one-week duration of symptoms. A fever (87.5%), cough (80.68%), and shortness of breath (77.27%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Following a clinical assessment, both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found to be normal in most patients, at 92.05% and 89.77%, respectively. An oxygen saturation of less than 90% was seen in 71.59% of patients. The general mortality rate was 37.5% and most deaths occurred during the first 24 h of admission (21/33 [63.64%]). There was no significant difference in the death rate between females and males (5/16 [31.3%] vs 28/72 [38.9%], P = 0.776). There was no significant difference in the body mass index, tobacco use, or education level between the patients who died and those who survived. A logistic regression showed that being older (AOR = 1.05, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.10]) and having a lower PO2 level (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = [1.04, 1.16]) were associated with mortality. CONCLUSION The general mortality rate was 37.5%, and the risk factors that could predict increased mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 positive cases included old age and a lower PO2 level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Omar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Imad R Musa
- Department of Medicine, Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami E Salah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Mohammed M Elnur
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Osama Al-Wutayd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Musa IR. Potential Antiviral Effect of Chloroquine Therapy against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2020.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many countries with increasing morbidity and mortality. In the absence of an effective vaccine and medication, chloroquine may be a potential choice.
AIM: This study aims to explore the role of the possible antiviral effects of chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of studies relating to the antiviral effects against coronaviruses was conducted between January 1, 1990, and up to May 26, 2020, for relevant studies using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
RESULTS: A total of 174 articles were initially identified. Ninety-seven papers were removed for failing to address the aim of the study. Seventy-seven full-text articles were retrieved for eligibility analysis. Ten studies focused on general inhibition of viral replication, ten evaluated its effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, 19 addressed the effects on alkalizing the cellular pH, 25 concentrated on the immunomodulatory effect, two assessed the potential effects on sialic acid, and 24 explored the therapeutic outcome.
CONCLUSION: Chloroquine has promising antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2 at different levels.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rayis DA, Musa IR, Al-Shafei AI, Moheldein AH, El-Gendy OA, Adam I. High haemoglobin levels in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus among Sudanese women. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:385-389. [PMID: 32496157 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1741522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors (including haemoglobin levels) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Khartoum, Sudan. The study was carried out at Saad Abuelela Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) during February to November 2017. Pregnant women in early pregnancy (gestational age <14 weeks) were enrolled in the study. The detailed medical and obstetrics history was recorded for each participant using a questionnaire. The women were then followed up, where a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24 - 28 weeks of gestation. Of 290 women, 259 (89.3%) completed the follow-up. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of the age, gravidity and gestational age at enrolment were 28.02 (5.7) years, 2.37 (2.42) and 10.86 (2.63) weeks, respectively. Forty-eight women (18.5%) had GDM. Binary regression showed that while age, parity, residence, education and body mass index (BMI) were not associated with GDM, a high haemoglobin level was the only factor associated with GDM (OR = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 - 2.16, p = .019). Women with haemoglobin > 10.8 g/dl were at a higher risk of GDM (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.02 - 6.27, p = .044). There is a high prevalence of GDM, especially among women with high haemoglobin levels.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications during pregnancy, contributing significantly to maternal, perinatal morbidity and mortality and can lead to adverse consequences for the health of both mother and offspring later in life. The rate of GDM varies with the various settings and populations, and a prevalence of 1-14% has been reported depending on the population studied. High haemoglobin levels were recently reported to be associated with GDM.What do the results of this study add? There is a high prevalence of GDM in Khartoum, Sudan, especially among women with high haemoglobin levels in early pregnancy.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Haemoglobin levels could be used as reliable markers to detect GDM. These markers could be used in the prevention of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duria A Rayis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Imad R Musa
- King Abdu Aziz Armed Forces, Hospital at Air Base, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad I Al-Shafei
- Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ola A El-Gendy
- Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Omar SM, Musa IR, Osman OE, Adam I. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Gadarif in eastern Sudan: a community-based study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:291. [PMID: 32138715 PMCID: PMC7059678 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is becoming an increasingly common health issue worldwide, especially in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hypertension is the leading risk factor for premature death and disability worldwide, and it is the leading risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular diseases worldwide. The data on hypertension in Sudan that has been published is limited. We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors. Methods A multistage sampling survey was conducted in Gadarif, Eastern Sudan, from January to May 2018 to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in adults in Eastern Sudan. The World Health Organization (WHO) three-level stepwise approach questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, height, weight marital status, education level, smoking habit, alcohol consumption habit, and family history of hypertension). Hypertension was defined as the presence of an average blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg or the reported use of anti-hypertensive medications for high blood pressure. Results A total of 600 participants (mean age: 44.9 years) were enrolled in this study. Four hundred twenty-two (70.3%) participants were women, and 196 (32.7%) participants were obese. Of the 600 enrolled participants, 245 (40.8%) individuals had hypertension, 44 (7.3%) had been previously diagnosed with hypertension, and 201 (33.5%) were newly diagnosed with hypertension. A logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations across the education level, marital status, overweight and hypertension factors. However, an older age (adjusted OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.28–4.51, P < 0.001) and obesity (adjusted OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.57–3.69, P < 0.001) were associated with the presence of hypertension. Conclusion There is a high rate of hypertension in Eastern Sudan, especially among older and obese individuals. Preventive measures, such as dietary measures, should be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Imad R Musa
- Royal Commission Hospital at AL Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman E Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Omar SM, Musa IR, ElSouli A, Adam I. Prevalence, risk factors, and glycaemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in eastern Sudan: a community-based study. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018819860071. [PMID: 31275546 PMCID: PMC6598316 DOI: 10.1177/2042018819860071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes a global health threat and burden, especially in developing countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Gadarif in eastern Sudan to evaluate the prevalence and glycaemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional community-based study. Data on blood glucose levels, and anthropometric, demographic and clinical history data were obtained. RESULTS Six hundred Sudanese adults with a mean (SD) age of 44.9 (16.5) years were enrolled. More than two-thirds (70.3%) of the study participants were women. The prevalence of T2DM, newly diagnosed T2DM and uncontrolled T2DM was 20.8%, 10.0% and 80.0%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between education, marital status, body mass index, waist circumference and DM. However older age (AOR = 4.88, 95% CI = 3.09-7.70) and a family history of DM (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.59-4.20) were associated with T2DM. CONCLUSION The prevalence of T2DM is high among the Sudanese population, especially in older people and those with a family history of DM. The high prevalence of uncontrolled DM in this setting is another hidden burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Imad R. Musa
- King Abdu Aziz Armed Forces Hospital at Air Base, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir ElSouli
- Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to establish the reference intervals (RIs) of thyroid function test among the adult Sudanese population in Khartoum, Sudan. A multi-stage survey stratified sampling method was used. Total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4) level and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using radioimmunoassay gamma counter (Riostad, Germany) to determine the reference intervals. Result A total of 390 adults aged 20–75 years (male: 40.5%, female: 59.5%) were recruited. The median (95% intervals) serum TSH, TT4 and TT3 levels were 1.2 (0.50–3.1) mIU/L, 103.0 (63.0–159.0) nmol/L and 1.4 (0.8–2.7) nmol/L respectively. Compared with males; females had significantly lower TSH level and significantly higher TT4 level, but there was no significant difference when the TT3 level was assessed. While there was no significant difference in the level of TSH and T3 in the age group, T4 levels have shown a progressive increase with age. In summary the RIs for TSH, TT4 and TT3 in this setting were different from the levels provided by the manufacturers. A significant different was observed in TSH and FT4 when considering gender issue. The RIs were not different in the different age groups except for FT4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R Musa
- King Abdu Aziz Armed Forces Hospital at Air Base, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagi I Ali
- Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box 3001, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Osman E Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Omar SM, Musa IR, Osman OE, Adam I. Assessment of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes in the Eastern Sudan. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:373. [PMID: 29884216 PMCID: PMC5994104 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gadarif, eastern Sudan to assess glycaemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes in eastern Sudan. Poor glycaemic control was defined as HbA1c level of ≥ 7.0%. Questionnaire was used to gathered sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results A total of 339 patients (69.9% were women) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 54.8 (12.8) years. Approximately more than two-thirds (n = 243, 71.7%) of the participants were using oral glucose control agents. A round one-fifth (22.1%) of the participants were using insulin and only 6.2% of them were using both insulin and oral glucose control agents. The rate of poor glycemic control was 71.9%. In logistic regression analyses, duration of diabetes, medications used, and the triglycerides were not associated with poor glycemic control. However, being unmarried (OR = 3.64, 95% CI 1.21–10.90), adding sugar to the drinks (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.11–3.05, P = 0.017) and high cholesterol level (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02.) were associated with poor glycemic control. In summary the rate of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus was considerably high especially among being unmarried patients and patients who were adding sugar to the drinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Imad R Musa
- King Abdu Aziz Armed Forces Hospital at Air Base, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman E Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Musa IR, Ahmed MON, Sabir EI, Alsheneber IF, Ibrahim EME, Mohamed GB, Awadallah RE, Abbas T, Gasim GI. Factors associated with amputation among patients with diabetic foot ulcers in a Saudi population. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:260. [PMID: 29703224 PMCID: PMC5921536 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A prospective study was conducted at the Armed Forces Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, between January 2015 and December 2016 to identify the risk factors associated with amputation among diabetic foot ulcers DFUs patients. Results In total, 82 patients were recruited. Fifty-five of the patients were males (67.07%), the mean (SD) age of the participants was 60 (± 11.4) years, the mean duration of diabetes was 8.5 (± 3.7) years, and the mean haemoglobin A1c was 4.8 (± 2.8)%. In Univariate analysis, older age and high white blood cell count (WBC) were factors associated with amputation (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1–1.1, P = 0.012; and OR = 383, 95% CI = 7.9–18,665, P = 0.003, respectively). On the other hand, an ischaemic ulcer was half as likely as a neuropathic ulcer to lead to amputation (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.9, P = 0.036), and a higher Wagner’s grade was found to be protective against amputation OR = 14.5, 95% CI = 4.3–49.4, P < 0.001. In conclusion, the current study showed that although a number of factors have been described to complicate diabetic ulcers by different researchers, none of those factors were identified in our study apart from older age and high WBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R Musa
- King Abdulaziz Armed Forces Hospital, Al Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tarig Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Musa IR, Rayis DA, Ahmed MA, Khamis AH, Nasr AM, Adam I. Thyroid Function and 25 (OH) Vitamin D Level among Sudanese Women in Early Pregnancy. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:488-492. [PMID: 29610606 PMCID: PMC5874371 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Saad Abualila Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) to evaluate the vitamin D levels and thyroid function among pregnant Sudanese women (132) in early pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Saad Abualila hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) during the period from March to July 2015. Women who were in early pregnancy with a singleton pregnancy were approached to participate in the study after signing informed consent. A sample size of 132 participants was calculated guided by the normal interval of thyroid function in Sudanese women in the first trimester and not the level of 25(OH) vitamin D. The 25 - hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) vitamins levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on an Elecsys 2010 Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). RESULTS: The mean (SD) of age, gravidity and gestational age was 27.6 (5.5) years, 2.2 (1.6) and 10.4 (2.2) weeks, respectively. The mean (SD) of the body mass index (BMI) and haemoglobin was 27.1 (5.2) kg/m2 and 10.8 (1.1) g/dl, respectively. Median (interquartile) values of TSH, FT3, and FT4 were 1.164 IU/ml (0.079 -2.177 IU/ml), 4.639 nmol/l (3.843 - 6.562 nmol/l), and 16.86 pmol/l (13.02 - 31.48 pmol/l), respectively. There was no significant correlation between vitamin D levels and TSH, FT3 and FT4 CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between 25 (OH) vitamin D levels and thyroid function during early pregnancy among Sudanese pregnant women, despite prevalent vitamin D deficiency among these women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R Musa
- King Abdu Aziz Armed Forces, Hospital at Air Base, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Duria A Rayis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Ammar H Khamis
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abubakr M Nasr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Musa IR, El Khatim Ahmad M, Al Raddady FS, Al Rabih WR, Elsayed EM, Mohamed GB, Gasim GI. Predictors of a follicular nodule (Thy3) outcome of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology among Saudi patients. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:612. [PMID: 29169383 PMCID: PMC5701341 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A retrospective study was performed to evaluate predictors of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) outcomes among Saudis with a thyroid nodule. Socio-demographic data, thyroid function status, thyroid parameters, ultrasound and cytology results were collected from 269 files of patients with thyroid nodules. Result The patients’ age was 40 ± 1.4 years (mean ± SD), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2. The thyroid statuses were euthyroid (85.5%), hypothyroidism (7.4%) and hyperthyroidism (7.1%). Young age, an absence of irradiation history, and multinodular goitre were protective against Thy3 [(OR = 0.05, CI = 003–0.6, P = 0.024), (OR = 0.4, CI = 0.2–0.8, P = 0.012) and (OR = 2.5, CI = 1.2–5.3, P = 0.016), respectively]; a lower FT3 was protective against Thy4 (OR = 0.4, CI = 0.2–0.99, P = 0.046), the absence of cervical lymphadenopathy was associated with Thy2 (OR = 2.7, CI = 1.4–5, P = 0.001), and a solid nodule was associated with Thy2 and Thy3 [(OR = 1.2, CI = 0.3–0.97, P = 0.040) and (OR = 2.2, CI = 1–4.8, P = 0.039), respectively]. In a multivariate analysis, younger age, multinodular goitre, an absence of irradiation history and cervical lymphadenopathy were protective against Thy3 [(OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.002–0.96, P = 0.047), (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.0–5.60, P = 0.039), (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.16–0.94, P = 0.036) and (O R = 0.39, 95% CI = 1–5.6, P = 0.039), respectively]. In summary, younger age, multinodular goitre, the absence of an irradiation history and cervical lymphadenopathy were protective against Thy3 in a thyroid nodule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R Musa
- Armed Forces Hospital, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gasim I Gasim
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gasim GI, Elshehri FM, Kheidr M, Alshubaily FK, ElZaki EM, Musa IR. The Use of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Fatty Liver and Abdominal Fat Distribution among a Saudi Population. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:762-765. [PMID: 29104685 PMCID: PMC5661714 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of obesity is striking heavily worldwide and particularly among the affluent Gulf States where it is expected to continue to rise along with its complications. AIM To examine the link between liver fat infiltration and abdominal fat amount using plain computer-assisted tomography (CT). METHODS Fifty patients visiting the obesity clinic of "King Fahd Specialist Hospital" or Dr Suliman Alhabeeb Hospital between January 2015 and April 2016 were included. Liver and splenic attenuation dimensions were undertaken with three hepatic regions of interests (ROIs) and two ROIs from the spleen. The liver attenuation indices (LAIs) that were measured liver parenchymal attenuation (CTLP), liver/splenic attenuation ratio (LS ratio)and the (3) difference between liver and splenic attenuation (LS dif) and based on this LS dif The patients were grouped as LS dif greater or less than 5. Abdominal fat was evaluated utilising a 3 mm chop CT scan starting from the umbilicus; then computed by a workstation. The abdominal fat was classified as total fat (TF) and the sub-compartments of visceral adipose (fat) (VF), and subcutaneous fat (SF). RESULTS Twenty-six of the participants were males. The mean (SD) of the age and BMI was 48 (14.9) years and 32.05 (8.3) kg/m2 respectively. The BMI and body Wt had a moderate negative correlation with the liver attenuation indices CTLP, LS ratio, LS diff (r = -0.417, -0.277, -0.312 and 0.435, -0.297, -0.0297), respectively. A very strong negative correlation between fatty liver, LS ratio and CTLP was found (-0.709, -0.575) respectively. CONCLUSION Plain computed tomography can reliably be used as a survey device for fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahd Mohamed Elshehri
- Qassim College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.,Suliman Alhabib Hospital, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kheidr
- Qassim College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.,Minia University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | | | | | - Imad R Musa
- Armed Forces Hospital at King Abdu Aziz Air Base, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abass AE, Musa IR, Rayis DA, Adam I, Gasim I G. Glycated hemoglobin and red blood cell indices in non-diabetic pregnant women. Clin Pract 2017; 7:999. [PMID: 29071062 PMCID: PMC5641825 DOI: 10.4081/cp.2017.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Awad-Elkareem Abass
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Imad R Musa
- Armed Forces Hospital at King Abdu Aziz Air Base, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Gasim Gasim I
- Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Musa IR, Gasim GI, Khan S, Ibrahim IA, Abo-Alazm H, Adam I. No Association between 25 (OH) Vitamin D Level And Hypothyroidism among Females. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:126-130. [PMID: 28507615 PMCID: PMC5420761 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: The aim was to investigate serum vitamin D (25-OH) level among females with hypothyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study (58 in each arm) was conducted in Arar Central Hospital, Kingdom Saudi Arabia. The cases were females with hypothyroidism, and healthy females were controls. TSH, thyroid hormones: Free T3 (FT3) and Free T4 (FT4) and haemoglobin levels were measured in all participants. Serum vitamin D (25-OH) level was measured using the spectrophotometry. RESULTS: While there was no significant difference in the age and haemoglobin level, body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the cases. Compared with the controls, cases had significantly higher TSH, had significantly lower T4, and there was no significant difference in FT3 and 25 (OH) vitamin D, [16.1 (8.8-26.7) vs. 14.0 (9.5-20.3 ng/ml; P = 0.577]. Linear regression showed no association between, age, BMI, haemoglobin, TSH, FT3, FT4 and the log of 25 (OH) vitamin D levels. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in vitamin D level among females with hypothyroidism and healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad R Musa
- Armed Forces Hospital at King Abdu Aziz Air Base, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim I Gasim
- Alneelain School of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | - Hamdi Abo-Alazm
- Medical Laboratory Science, United Medical Laboratory, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Gasim GI, Musa IR, Yassin T, Al Shobaili HA, Adam I. Sepsis in Buraidah Central Hospital, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2016; 10:175-81. [PMID: 27103899 PMCID: PMC4825890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe sepsis is a major public health concern and a frequent cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with a high fatality rate. Higher (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) SOFA score and co-morbidity of acute renal failure (ARF) are risk factors contributing to fatal outcome. This work was meant to study the epidemiology of sepsis in Buraidah central hospital. METHODS This is a descriptive study conducted in the period from January 1, 2012, to June 29, 2012 to determine the epidemiology (incidence, clinical characteristics) and the outcome of sepsis in Buraidah hospital, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Out of 387 patients admitted to ICU, 62 (16%) patients had sepsis, their mean (SD) age was 62.7 (21.3) years. Three quarters of them 47 (75.8%) presented with septic shock. The median APACHE II score was 26.5 (8 to 48) and SOFA score 11 (5 to 21). The mean of duration of hospital stay was 11.95 days. The most frequent infection site was the pulmonary (69.5%). There were 37 isolated organism, gram-negative organisms (13; 35.13%) were the predominant isolates. There were 25 (40.3%) deaths; the majority of the deaths were due to septic shock 20(80%). There was a significant difference between deaths and the survivors, in the APACHI II score, SOFA score), and whether ventilated or not. CONCLUSIONS There was a high incidence of septic shock (and higher mortality) among the patients admitted to the ICU of Buraidah central hospital, especially among the elderly patients with respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gasim I. Gasim
- Qassim College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R Musa
- Buraidah Central Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Yassin
- Buraidah Central Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ishag Adam
- Qassim College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gasim GI, Musa IR, Abdien MT, Adam I. Accuracy of tympanic temperature measurement using an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:194. [PMID: 23663659 PMCID: PMC3658932 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During investigation and diagnosis of patients, accurate temperature measurement is of great importance. The advantages of tympanic membrane thermometry are speed (temperature reading available within seconds), safety, and ease of use. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometers in comparison to mercury thermometers in measurement of body temperature. Methods Axillary and tympanic temperature was measured simultaneously in consecutive patients using mercury glass and infrared tympanic thermometers at Omdurman Hospital, Sudan during October 2012. Results In total, temperature was measured in 174 patients, 95 of whom (54.6%) were male. The mean (SD) patient age and weight was 33.18 (25.07) years and 52.13 (69.85) kg. There was no significant difference in mean (SD) temperature measurement between mercury and infrared tympanic membrane thermometers, 37.29°C (0.91) versus 37.38°C (0.95), P = 0.373, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between axillary and tympanic body temperature measurements (r = 0.697, P < 0.001). The mean difference between the two readings (with limits of agreements) was - 0.093 (−0.20; 0.02) °C. Conclusion In this study, tympanic membrane thermometry is as reliable and accurate as axillary mercury glass thermometry. Thus, tympanic thermometry can be used in clinical practice, especially in the emergency setting, where ease of use and speed of obtaining the temperature reading are important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gasim I Gasim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P,O, Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abdallah TM, Ali AAA, Bakri M, Gasim GI, Musa IR, Adam I. Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine as a treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in eastern Sudan. Malar J 2012; 11:404. [PMID: 23217037 PMCID: PMC3519545 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most areas of the world, where malaria is endemic, including Sudan. However, few published data are available on the use of ACT for treatment of P. vivax malaria. Methods This study was conducted at a health centre in Kassala, eastern Sudan, from October to December 2011. Patients with uncomplicated P. vivax malaria received artemether-lumefantrine (AL) tablets (containing 20mg artemether and 120 mg lumefantrine) and were monitored for 28 days. Results Out of the 43 cases enrolled in this study, 38 completed the 28-day follow-up. Their mean age was 25.1 years (SD: 1.5). On day 3 following AL treatment, all of the patients were afebrile and aparasitaemic. By day 28, all 38 patients exhibited adequate clinical and parasitological responses to AL treatment. The cure rate was 100% and 88.4% for the per protocol analysis andfor the intention to treat analysis, respectively. Mild adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness and/or rash) that resolved spontaneously were observed in four (10.5%) of the patients. Conclusion AL combination therapy was fully effective for treatment of P. vivax malaria in the study in eastern Sudan. Trial registration Trial. Gov: NCT01625871
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major health problem during pregnancy and it has adverse effects on the mother and the newborn. Red cell distribution width (RDW), which is a quantitative measure for red cell size variation (anisocytosis), is a predictor of IDA. Little is known regarding RDW and IDA during pregnancy. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Khartoum Hospital, Sudan, to determine the performance of RDW in the diagnosis of IDA using serum ferritin as a gold standard. RESULTS Among 194 pregnant women with a gestational period of 21.4 ± 6.5 weeks, 57 (29.4%) had IDA according to serum ferritin levels (<15 μg/l) and 61 (31.4%) had IDA according to RDW (>14.5). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RDW where serum ferritin was the gold standard were 43.8% (95% CI: 31.4-57.0%), 73.7% (95% CI: 65.8-80.5%), 41.0% (95% CI: 29.2-53.6%), and 76.0% (95% CI: 68.1-82.6%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that RDW has a poor performance in diagnosing IDA among pregnant women compared with serum ferritin as the gold standard.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mahgoub H, Gasim GI, Musa IR, Adam I. Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria among sudanese children at New Halfa Hospital, Eastern Sudan. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:154. [PMID: 22846165 PMCID: PMC3464670 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few published reports on severe Plasmodium vivax malaria in Africa. METHODS Clinical pattern/manifestations of severe P. vivax were described in children admitted at New Halfa Hospital in Sudan between September 2009-December 2011. RESULTS Eighteen children were admitted at the hospital during the study period with different manifestations of severe P. vivax malaria namely: severe anaemia (6, 33.3%), jaundice (5, 27.8%), thrombocytopenia (4, 22.2%), hypotension (3, 16.7%), cerebral malaria (2, 11.1%), epistaxis (2, 11.1%), renal impairment (1, 5.5%), hypogylcaemia and more than one manifestation (5, 27.8%). CONCLUSION Severe P. vivax malaria is an existing entity in eastern Sudan. Further studies are required to understand emergence of severe P. vivax malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gasim I Gasim
- Faculty of Medicine, Qassim, University, Qassim, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R Musa
- Buraidah Central Hospital, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|