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de Oliveira MM, Ferrando CPR, Gómez-Hernández C, de Oliveira KR, Araújo IAC, Ribeiro PVA, Mineo TWP, Leiner NO, Mineo JR, da Silva SM. Prevalence of Trypanosoma lainsoni and its effects of parasitism on the health of non-volant small mammals from the Brazilian Cerrado. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07851-1. [PMID: 37129625 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small mammals are important hosts and/or reservoirs of Trypanosoma spp. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. in non-volant small mammals from the Brazilian Cerrado and to test the effects of T. lainsoni on the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and body condition in rodent and marsupial populations. For this, we collected blood samples of 293 individuals captured in five forest fragments between 2019 and 2020. Blood was used to prepare the blood smears and packed on filter paper for DNA extraction. Generalized linear models were performed to test the effects of T. lainsoni on host health. The DNA was submitted to nested PCR targeting the Trypanosoma spp. 18S rRNA gene. From blood smears analyzed by microscopy, we obtained a positivity rate of 7.2% for Trypanosoma spp. About 31.1% of Gracilinanus agilis, Didelphis albiventris, and Rhipidomys macrurus samples were positive in nested PCR. From the obtained sequences, 83.3% were genetically identical to T. lainsoni and about 11% to T. cruzi TcI. In addition, we reported the infection of T. lainsoni in Hylaeamys megacephalus. We suggest that T. lainsoni does not influence the body condition and N/L ratio for either G. agilis or R. macrurus. Overall, our results expand the host list of T. lainsoni and demonstrate the infection of small mammals by T. cruzi TcI in peri-urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Miguel de Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Leishmania Bioassays Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Claire Pauline Röpke Ferrando
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology, Mammal Ecology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - César Gómez-Hernández
- Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karine Rezende de Oliveira
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences of Pontal, Federal University of Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Aparecida Cunha Araújo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Leishmania Bioassays Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Alves Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Oliveira Leiner
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology, Mammal Ecology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sydnei Magno da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Leishmania Bioassays Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pereira AA, Rosa C, Faria LDB, Silva LGDA, Passamani M. Human presence as a determinant of the occurrence of mammals in a high diversity protected area of Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone in Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20201869. [PMID: 37162080 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320201869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cerrado domain and its biodiversity has suffered several anthropogenic influences. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of biotic and anthropic variables on the mammal community in a protected area in the Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone. For this we sampled the mammals using camera traps (4,072 days/trap) for 16 months. We used generalized mixed linear models (GLMM) with model selection via Akaike's Information Criteria corrected for small sample size (AICc) to assess the influence of variables on richness, abundance and functional groups of mammals. We made a total of 663 photographic records of 16 species of medium and large mammals. The richness and number of mammals was negatively influenced by the distance to human settlements while carnivores were not affected by any of the variables evaluated, herbivores and generalists were more common in areas closer from human habitation. Despite the presence of large areas of native vegetation, our results show that there is a dominance of common and generalist species. The protected area is vulnerable to different sources of human pressure and the design and implementation of a management plan can be a key tool for protecting biodiversity and regulating the use of natural resources by local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele A Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Trevo Rotatório Prof. Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Rosa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69011-970 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lucas D B Faria
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Trevo Rotatório Prof. Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas G DA Silva
- Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, s/n, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Brasil, Av. José Ruschi, 4, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Passamani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Trevo Rotatório Prof. Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Trevo Rotatório Prof. Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Varian CP, Saldaña A, Calzada JE, Abad‐Franch F, Kieran TJ, Padukone A, Peterson JK, Gottdenker NL. Food web structure and microenvironment affect Chagas disease vector infection and abundance in a rural landscape. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina P. Varian
- Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES) Panama City Panama
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Parasitarias (CIDEP), Faculty of Medicine University of Panamá Panama City Panama
| | - Jose E. Calzada
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES) Panama City Panama
| | - Fernando Abad‐Franch
- Grupo Triatomíneos Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science College of Public Health, University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Anchal Padukone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | | | - Nicole L. Gottdenker
- Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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Bradfield AA, Nagy CM, Weckel M, Lahti DC, Habig B. Predictors of Mammalian Diversity in the New York Metropolitan Area. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.903211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization can have profound consequences for mammalian biodiversity and is thought to contribute to patterns of species richness and community composition. Large cities can be particularly challenging environments for mammals because these habitats are often impacted by anthropogenic perturbations, including high human population density, fragmented habitats, and extensive human development. In this study, we investigated mammalian species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity, and evenness in the most densely populated region in the United States: the New York metropolitan area. Specifically, we deployed camera traps from 2015 to 2019 to investigate six drivers of mammalian diversity across 31 greenspaces: (1) human population density, (2) patch size, (3) habitat type, (4) surrounding land cover, (5) geographical barriers to dispersal, and (6) habitat heterogeneity. We found that mammal community composition is largely influenced by a multitude of anthropogenic factors. Specifically, mammal species richness was higher in greenspaces with larger patch sizes and lower in greenspaces surrounded by more development. Moreover, Shannon–Wiener diversity and evenness were higher in urban natural landscapes than human-altered landscapes. In a subset of data that only included carnivores, we found that carnivore Shannon–Wiener diversity was higher in urban natural habitats and in sites with lower human population densities. Finally, we found that geographical barriers to dispersal contributed to both patterns of mammalian diversity and patterns of carnivore diversity: mammal taxa richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity, and evenness were all significantly higher on the continent (Bronx/Westchester) than on Long Island. These results suggest that preserving urban greenspaces is important for maintaining both mammalian and carnivore biodiversity and that management of mammals in cities should concentrate on maintaining large, connected, natural greenspaces.
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André CL, Côrtes MC, Heming NM, Galetti M, Alves RSC, Bovendorp RS. Bamboo shapes the fine-scale richness, abundance, and habitat use of small mammals in a forest fragment. MAMMAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-021-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Molecular detection of piroplasmids in synanthropic rodents, marsupials, and associated ticks from Brazil, with phylogenetic inference of a putative novel Babesia sp. from white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris). Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3537-3546. [PMID: 34448058 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The order Piroplasmida encompasses tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and medical importance positioned in two main families: Babesiidae and Theileriidae. Even though previous studies carried out in Brazil recorded the occurrence of piroplasmid species circulating in small mammals, 18S RNA gene sequences were only partially sequenced, preventing the assessment of their phylogenetic positioning. The current study aimed to detect and characterize, using morphological, molecular, and bioinformatic approaches, piroplasmids from wild mammals and associated ticks sampled in Central-Western Brazil. Out of 67 Didelphis albiventris sampled, 22 (16.4%) were positive for piroplasmids by PCR. In contrast, none of the 48 small rodents and 14 capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) was PCR-positive. Four Amblyomma dubitatum ticks-one from Rattus rattus, one from H. hydrochaeris, and two from D. albiventris-out of 114 Amblyomma spp. DNA samples were positive for piroplasmids by PCR. The phylogenetic inference performed using the near-complete 18S rRNA gene positioned the putative novel piroplasmid species detected in D. albiventris and associated A. dubitatum ticks near to Babesia sensu lato clade (Western group-cluster III) and distant from the Australian marsupial-associated piroplasms. Phylogenetic inferences based on two additional molecular markers, namely hsp-70 and cox-1, supported the near-complete 18S rRNA gene phylogenetic inference. Finally, the partial 18S rRNA gene sequences detected in ticks from rodents (R. rattus and H. hydrochaeris) showed 97.2-99.4% identity with the Piroplasmida previously detected in a capybara from Brazil, raising evidence that a still uncharacterized piroplasmid species has been identified in the capybara, the largest rodent species from South America.
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Wosnick N, Leite RD, Giareta EP, Nunes AROP, Nunes JLS, Charvet P, Monteiro-Filho ELA. Evaluating conservation status and governmental efforts towards regional flagship species in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112732. [PMID: 33992867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several strategies have been adopted to optimize biodiversity conservation. The use of fauna and flora species as flagships can help increase public commitment and raise funds for their conservation. However, species choices must be well balanced, considering not only intrinsic aspects (e.g., risk of extinction and ecological role), but also social, cultural, and economic aspects of the region where the flagship will be adopted. Brazil is one of the countries with the greatest diversity on the planet. Nevertheless, there are several challenges associated with natural resources conservation. Flagships have been adopted informally for decades throughout the country but there are no efforts to evaluate these strategies results for the preservation of the selected species. The aim of this study was to carry out an extensive survey on regional flagship species, their conservation status, level of endemism, and domestic legislation currently in force for their protection or human use. A total of 62 flagships were identified, with at least one species of flora and one of fauna for each of the 27 Brazilian Federative Units. The animals most commonly used as regional symbols are birds, followed by mammals. Flora species used as regional symbols are quite diverse. However, they are all somehow used by humans. As for legal protection, there are government measures for endangered species. Nevertheless, most species used as regional symbols are not at risk of extinction and, for this reason, do not receive any legal protection. Moreover, while some flagships are endemic, others are alien species, indicating that this criterion is not considered when choosing regional symbols. In the overall analysis it was noted that species choice could be optimized to highlight the national biodiversity. Despite efforts to establish legal measures for their preservation, few effective results have been observed. Therefore, improved effective measures for their conservation should be adopted to guarantee the effectiveness of flagship species for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Wosnick
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Renata D Leite
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eloísa P Giareta
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita O P Nunes
- Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Jorge L S Nunes
- Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Patricia Charvet
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emygdio L A Monteiro-Filho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Didelphis spp. opossums and their parasites in the Americas: A One Health perspective. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:4091-4111. [PMID: 33788021 PMCID: PMC8599228 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Medium sized opossums (Didelphis spp.) are among the most fascinating mammals of the Americas, playing important ecological roles (e.g., dispersal of seeds and control of insect populations) in the environment they inhabit. Nevertheless, as synanthropic animals, they are well adapted to human dwellings, occupying shelters within the cities, peripheral areas, and rural settings. These marsupials can harbor numerous pathogens, which may affect people, pets, and livestock. Among those, some protozoa (e.g., Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii), helminths (e.g., Ancylostoma caninum, Trichinella spiralis, Alaria marcianae, Paragonimus spp.) and arthropods (e.g., ticks, fleas) present substantial public health and veterinary importance, due to their capacity to cause disease in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Here, we reviewed the role played by opossums on the spreading of zoonotic parasites, vectors, and vector-borne pathogens, highlighting the risks of pathogens transmission due to the direct and indirect interaction of humans and domestic animals with Didelphis spp. in the Americas.
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Grazzini G, Gatto-Almeida F, Tiepolo LM. Small mammals from the lasting fragments of Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil: a study about richness and diversity. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2021015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Nantes WAG, Santos FM, de Macedo GC, Barreto WTG, Gonçalves LR, Rodrigues MS, Chulli JVM, Rucco AC, Assis WDO, Porfírio GEDO, de Oliveira CE, Xavier SCDC, Herrera HM, Jansen AM. Trypanosomatid species in Didelphis albiventris from urban forest fragments. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:223-231. [PMID: 33079269 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization results in loss of natural habitats and, consequently, reduction of richness and abundance of specialist to the detriment of generalist species. We hypothesized that a greater richness of trypanosomatid in Didelphis albiventris would be found in fragments of urban forests in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, that presented a larger richness of small mammals. We used parasitological, molecular, and serological methods to detect Trypanosoma spp. infection in D. albiventris (n = 43) from forest fragments. PCR was performed with primers specific for 18S rDNA, 24Sα rDNA, mini-chromosome satellites, and mini-exon genes. IFAT was used to detect anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgG. All hemoculture was negative. We detected trypanosomatid DNA in blood of 35% of opossum. Two opossums were seropositive for T. cruzi. The trypanosomatid species number infecting D. albiventris was higher in the areas with greater abundance, rather than richness of small mammals. We found D. albiventris parasitized by T. cruzi in single and co-infections with Leishmania spp., recently described molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) named DID, and Trypanosoma lainsoni. We concluded that (i) trypanosome richness may be determined by small mammal abundance, (ii) D. albiventris confirmed to be bio-accumulators of trypanosomatids, and (iii) T. lainsoni demonstrated a higher host range than described up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Arruda Gimenes Nantes
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martins Santos
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Texeira Gomes Barreto
- Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andreza Castro Rucco
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil
| | - William de Oliveira Assis
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Elisei de Oliveira
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Velásquez-Ortiz N, Ramírez JD. Understanding the oral transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi as a veterinary and medical foodborne zoonosis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:448-461. [PMID: 32781335 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease transmitted by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi that lately has been highlighted because several outbreaks attributed to oral transmission of the parasite have occurred. These outbreaks are characterized by high mortality rates and massive infections that cannot be related to other types of transmission such as the vectorial route. Oral transmission of Chagas disease has been reported in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina and French Guiana, most of them are massive oral outbreaks caused by the ingestion of beverages and food contaminated with triatomine feces or parasites' reservoirs secretions and considered since 2012 as a foodborne disease. In this review, we present the current status and all available data regarding oral transmission of Chagas disease, highlighting its relevance as a veterinary and medical foodborne zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Velásquez-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Alfonso C, Sánchez F. Mamíferos no voladores en un campus universitario de la Orinoquia colombiana. MAMMALOGY NOTES 2020. [DOI: 10.47603/manovol5n2.29-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
En la Orinoquia colombiana la transformación del paisaje es evidente y se ha sugerido que los campus de instituciones educativas ayudan a conservar la biodiversidad. Por ello estudiamos la composición y la riqueza de los mamíferos no voladores de un campus de la Orinoquia colombiana; además evaluamos la efectividad de tres diferentes cebos. El campus incluye construcciones, bosques secundarios y áreas rurales. Usamos tres tipos de trampas (trampas Sherman, trampas Tomahawk, trampas artesanales tipo Tomahawk) y cámaras trampa; complementamos el inventario con recorridos y entrevistas. Registramos 18 especies y los órdenes con mayor riqueza fueron Rodentia y Primates, mientras que Didelphis marsupialis fue la especie más registrada. El tocino fue más efectivo que la yuca o el maíz para capturar mamíferos. A pesar de las perturbaciones presentes en el campus, éste aun preserva características que, al menos por el momento, le permiten ser hábitat para varias especies de mamíferos silvestres.
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Small mammals in fragments of Atlantic Forest: species richness answering to field methods and environment. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467420000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSmall mammals can be used as environmental indicators and have been intensively studied in fragmented landscapes of Atlantic Forest, with a wide range of field methods. Our aim in this study was two-fold: we tested for the effects of methods and for the effects of the main environmental variables on observed small mammal richness in fragments of Atlantic Forest. We gathered information on small mammal richness, methods and environmental variables from 122 fragments of Atlantic Forest through literature review. These data were analysed using linear models and model selection based on AIC values along with a regression tree analysis. We found that studies will record more species with bigger trapping effort, using pitfall traps and sampling all forest strata. We also confirmed two important ecological assumptions: fragments at lower latitudes and bigger fragments were the ones with higher species richness. Methodological and environmental variables were analysed together on a regression tree, where trapping effort was the most important variable, surpassing any environmental effect. Considering that a significant number of the studies on Atlantic Forest fragments did not use pitfall traps or sample all forest strata, their results on forest fragmentation were affected by sampling bias.
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Paise G, Vieira EM, Prado PI. Small mammals respond to extreme habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest according to the landscape continuum model. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-019-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Santana Miglionico MT, Viana LA, Barbosa HS, Mota EM, da Costa Neto SF, D'Andrea PS, Frazão-Teixeira E. Three new species of Eimeria Schneider 1875 in the montane grass mouse, Akodon montensis (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae), and redescription of Eimeria zygodontomyis Lainson and Shaw 1990 from southeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:291-298. [PMID: 31820167 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe three new coccidian species of the genus Eimeria Schneider 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) and redescribe and report Eimeria zygodontomyis Lainson and Shaw, 1990 in the montane grass mouse, Akodon montensis Thomas, 1913 from the Serra dos Órgãos National Park in southeastern Brazil. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria zygodontomyis are ellipsoidal to cylindrical with a 0.6 (0.5-0.8) μm thick very delicate bi-layered wall; length × width (n = 49) 18.3 × 12.5 (16-20 × 11-13) μm; length/width ratio of 1.4 (1.2-1.6); 1 polar granule occasionally present; micropyle, residuum both absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal; length × width 8.5 × 5.2 (8-11 × 5-6) μm; length/width ratio of 1.5 (1.3-1.7) μm; Stieda body is prominent; sub-Stieda body is absent; sporocyst residuum is compact. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria montensis n. sp. are spheroidal to subspheroidal with a 1.2 (1.0-1.4) μm thick bi-layered wall; outer layer lightly pitted; length × width (n = 30) 16.3 × 12.5 (15-17 × 13-15) μm; length/width ratio of 1.3 (1.0-1.4); 1 polar granule present; micropyle, residuum both absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal; length × width 7.2 × 5.1 (6-8 × 4-6) μm; length/width ratio of 1.4 (1.2-1.6); Stieda body is present, sub-Stieda body is absent; sporocyst residuum consists of small, scattered granules. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria uricanensis n. sp. are ovoidal to pyriform with a 1.4 ( 1.3-1.6) μm thick bi-layered wall; outer layer lightly pitted; length × width (n = 40) 26.6 × 18.6 (23-30 × 17-20) μm; length/width ratio of 1.4 (1.3-1.6); 1 polar granule present; micropyle, residuum both absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, length × width 13.3 × 8.0 (10-16 × 7-9) μm; length/width ratio of 1.7 (1.5-1.9); Stieda body, sub-Stieda body both absent; sporocyst residuum consists of a cluster of granules, forming a spheroid mass. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria parnasiensis n. sp. are subspheroidal to ellipsoidal with a 1.8 ( 1.3-2.4) μm thick bi-layered wall; outer layer lightly pitted; length × width (n = 54) 28.2 × 21.9 (26-32 × 19-28) μm; length/width ratio of 1.3 (1.2-1.4); 1 polar granule present; micropyle is absent; oocyst residuum is present and consists of a cluster of granules of varying thickness. Sporocysts are ovoidal, tapering towards the Stieda body; length × width 12.2 × 7.6 (10-13 × 6-9) μm; length/width ratio of 1.6 (1.4-1.9); Stieda body is present; sub-Stieda body is absent; sporocyst residuum is present and consists of an aggregate of thin granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tobias de Santana Miglionico
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil. .,Laboratory of the Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs (LABPMR), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundad Parasitology o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Lúcio André Viana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Helene Santos Barbosa
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ester Maria Mota
- Laboratory of Pathology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Sócrates Fraga da Costa Neto
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.,Laboratory of the Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs (LABPMR), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundad Parasitology o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio D'Andrea
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.,Laboratory of the Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs (LABPMR), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundad Parasitology o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Edwards Frazão-Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.,Laboratory of Structural Biology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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Mancini MC, Roth PRO, Brennand PG, Ruiz-Esparza Aguilar JM, Rocha PA. Tyto furcata (Tytonidae: Strigiformes) pellets: tools to access the richness of small mammals of a poorly known Caatinga area in northeast Brazil. MAMMALIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Owls are efficient predators and are widely distributed around the globe. Remains of undigested prey is regurgitated by these birds in the form of pellets, and these are a valuable source of information about prey communities and the diet of owls. In this study, the composition of mammals present in the diet of owls that inhabit different caves was evaluated through the analysis of their pellets. We found 373 pellets from seven caves, and small mammals composed at least 80% of the diet of these birds in all caves. The mammal composition found in the pellets showed a richness of 26 distinct taxa including 12 rodents, three marsupials and 11 bats. In this work, we highlight the richness of small mammals in a poorly known Caatinga area. We also highlight the importance of morphology and taxonomy in supporting this kind of research, which relies upon vertebrate parts as its source of information for identification. Finally, we reiterate the efficiency of the study of owl pellets as a rapid approach for assessing local mammal richness and as a complementary method in studies of diversity and conservation.
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Vieira AS, Di Azevedo MIN, D'Andrea PS, do Val Vilela R, Lilenbaum W. Neotropical wild rodents Akodon and Oligoryzomys (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) as important carriers of pathogenic renal Leptospira in the Atlantic forest, in Brazil. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:280-283. [PMID: 31004919 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important worldwide zoonosis, caused by a bacterium of the genus Leptospira. For a better understanding of the disease, it is relevant the application of the one health concept. The Atlantic Forest is considered a biodiversity hotspot, with a great endemism of species and despite its importance and proximity to urban areas, the potential role of its fauna as carriers of infectious agents is still poorly understood. Although it is well-known that rats and mice are key reservoirs of leptospires, particularly Rattus norvegicus, wild rodents have also been revealed as reservoirs of leptospiral strains. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the sigmodontine rodents from genera Akodon and Oligoryzomys as pathogenic Leptospira carriers in the Atlantic Forest. We studied 52 Akodon spp. and 15 Oligoryzomys spp. from three areas. Overall 30% were PCR-positive for pathogenic Leptospira, 27% (14/52) Akodon spp. and 40% (6/15) Oligoryzomys spp. DNA sequencing of LipL32 gene confirmed nine species as pathogenic Leptospira. This remarkable incidence of leptospiral carriage within wild genera emphasizes the role of these rodents as carriers of leptospires throughout in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahi S Vieira
- Fluminense Federal University, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, 101 Prof. Hernani Mello Street, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel N Di Azevedo
- Fluminense Federal University, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, 101 Prof. Hernani Mello Street, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio D'Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Roberto do Val Vilela
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Fluminense Federal University, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, 101 Prof. Hernani Mello Street, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Arruda Gimenes Nantes W, Teixeira Gomes Barreto W, Martins Santos F, Carvalho de Macedo G, Castro Rucco A, de Oliveira Assis W, Edith de Oliveira Porfírio G, Braziliano de Andrade G, Maria Jansen A, Miraglia Herrera H. The influence of parasitism by Trypanosoma cruzi in the hematological parameters of the white ear opossum ( Didelphis albiventris) from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2019; 9:16-20. [PMID: 30976512 PMCID: PMC6441743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Considered ecologically generalist, Didelphis albiventris is reported as reservoir for different species of parasites, especially Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the knowledge about the influence of T. cruzi on hematological parameters of free-living opossum remains scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of T. cruzi on hematological parameters of white-ear opossums (D. albiventris) from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The blood samples and biometric data were collected from 40 opossums captured by Tomahawk and Sherman traps in six urban forest fragments located in the city. The health of these animals was inferred, mainly, by means of blood parameters (PCV, RBC, WBC, MCV and WBC differential). Molecular detection of T. cruzi infection was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR), using 18S and 24Sα rDNA region as target. Paired-t-test and simple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. No significant difference was observed between the averages of hematological variables in relation to gender and body condition. The molecular diagnosis showed that 32.5% (13/40) of the opossums were infected by T. cruzi, which presented lymphocytosis (3.4 ± 1.5) and eosinophilia (0.09 ± 0.13). Path analysis showed that T. cruzi infection resulted in increased numbers of lymphocytes and indirectly decreased the body condition of opossums. Moreover T. cruzi infection resulted in a direct effect on decrease of MCV. Overall, our results suggest that T. cruzi infection may represent a risk to health of opossums since the lymphocytosis may cause a secondary damage on body condition of infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Arruda Gimenes Nantes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Costa e Silva Avenue, Cep 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martins Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andreza Castro Rucco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - William de Oliveira Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Edith de Oliveira Porfírio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Braziliano de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil Avenue, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Costa e Silva Avenue, Cep 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Expansion of the range of Necromys lasiurus (Lund, 1841) into open areas of the Atlantic Forest biome in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, and the role of the species as a host of the hantavirus. Acta Trop 2018; 188:195-205. [PMID: 30149024 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Necromys lasiurus is a generalist rodent that is thought to be the main reservoir of the Araraquara hantavirus, which causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna. This species occurs naturally in the open habitats of the Cerrado, Pantanal and Caatinga biomes, where it often occurs at high densities, although the distribution of the species has recently been observed expanding into the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. This study aimed to map the occurrence of N. lasiurus within the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state and discuss the potential role of the species as a reservoir of the Araraquara hantavirus in these areas. The study was based on a comprehensive literature search and four expeditions for the collection of specimens in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The data were used to predict the distribution of N. lasiurus, confirm the distribution of the species in the state, and detect the rates of hantavirus infection in these rodents. Necromys lasiurus has been recorded at 16 localities in 10 municipalities of Rio de Janeiro state. The relative abundance of N. lasiurus was low at all localities, except for the REBIO Poço das Antas and APA-BRSJ, two protected areas. Necromys lasiurus was associated primarily with landscapes dominated by farmland (plantations or pasture) at relatively low altitudes in the vicinity of bodies of water. A total of 204 serum samples were collected, but none were reactive for hantavirus. The distribution of N. lasiurus is expanding into many areas of the anthropogenic matrix, but it is not usually either abundant or dominant in these areas. The relatively reduced abundance of N. lasiurus in Rio de Janeiro and the lack of infection in all the areas investigated indicate that it is unlikely to be a reservoir of hantavirus in this region in the near future.
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Gentile R, Cardoso TS, Costa-Neto SF, Teixeira BR, D'Andrea PS. Community structure and population dynamics of small mammals in an urban-sylvatic interface area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ZOOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.35.e13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Atlantic Forest is one of the most disturbed Brazilian biomes, with 183 out of 298 species of mammals occurring in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In this study, we aimed to characterize the diversity, community structure, and habitat use of small mammals in the FIOCRUZ Atlantic Forest Campus (CFMA), including areas of Pedra Branca State Park (PBSP, subunit Pau da Fome), state of Rio de Janeiro. We also compared species diversity and composition between two moments 15 years apart (2001 and 2012–2015) and analyzed the population dynamics of the marsupial Didelphisaurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826). Small mammal captures were made in different habitats: sylvatic-urban interface areas near human dwellings, disturbed forest, and preserved forest areas. Five marsupial species and four rodent species were captured in both periods. There was a reduction in species richness and β diversity between the two periods, indicating that disturbances in the environment over the years may have affected the small mammal community structure. The most altered environment showed the greatest species richness and abundance, while the forest areas showed the smallest values, which may be explained by the loss of mammal species, mainly specialist species in forested areas. We identified three groups of species according to habitat preferences: one related to environments with a higher density of vegetation in upper strata – Marmosaparaguayana (Tate, 1931) and Monodelphisamericana (Müller, 1776), another related to a higher density in lower forest strata – Akodoncursor (Winge, 1887), and another with no association with the investigated habitat variables – D.aurita and Oligoryzomysnigripes (Olfers, 1818). The small mammal community structure showed a low level of nestedness in both sampling periods. This study is the first report to evaluate the community structure of small mammals in the sylvatic-urban interface area of Pedra Branca State Park, the largest forest reserve within an urban area in Brazil. The surveys indicate that the small mammal diversity was low in both sampling periods and in both areas, and a species loss in the Pau da Fome locality was observed, despite it is a conservation unit. The greater species abundance and richness in the most disturbed areas suggest an increase of factors favoring the occurrence of synanthropic and opportunistic species.
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22
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Influence of human activities on some medium and large-sized mammals’ richness and abundance in the Lacandon Rainforest. J Nat Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Prist PR, Uriarte M, Tambosi LR, Prado A, Pardini R, D´Andrea PS, Metzger JP. Landscape, Environmental and Social Predictors of Hantavirus Risk in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163459. [PMID: 27780250 PMCID: PMC5079598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a disease caused by Hantavirus, which are negative-sense RNA viruses in the family Bunyaviridae that are highly virulent to humans. Numerous factors modify risk of Hantavirus transmission and consequent HPS risk. Human-driven landscape change can foster transmission risk by increasing numbers of habitat generalist rodent species that serve as the principal reservoir host. Climate can also affect rodent population dynamics and Hantavirus survival, and a number of social factors can influence probability of HPS transmission to humans. Evaluating contributions of these factors to HPS risk may enable predictions of future outbreaks, and is critical to development of effective public health strategies. Here we rely on a Bayesian model to quantify associations between annual HPS incidence across the state of São Paulo, Brazil (1993–2012) and climate variables (annual precipitation, annual mean temperature), landscape structure metrics (proportion of native habitat cover, number of forest fragments, proportion of area planted with sugarcane), and social factors (number of men older than 14 years and Human Development Index). We built separate models for the main two biomes of the state (cerrado and Atlantic forest). In both biomes Hantavirus risk increased with proportion of land cultivated for sugarcane and HDI, but proportion of forest cover, annual mean temperature, and population at risk also showed positive relationships in the Atlantic forest. Our analysis provides the first evidence that social, landscape, and climate factors are associated with HPS incidence in the Neotropics. Our risk map can be used to support the adoption of preventive measures and optimize the allocation of resources to avoid disease propagation, especially in municipalities that show medium to high HPS risk (> 5% of risk), and aimed at sugarcane workers, minimizing the risk of future HPS outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Prist
- Department of Ecology, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Leandro Reverberi Tambosi
- Department of Ecology, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Amanda Prado
- Department of Ecology, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Pardini
- Department of Zoology, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio D´Andrea
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Metzger
- Department of Ecology, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Figueroa-de León A, Naranjo EJ, Perales H, Santos-Moreno A, Lorenzo C. Availability and characterization of cavities used by pacas (Cuniculus paca) in the Lacandon Rainforest, Chiapas, Mexico. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Peña-García VH, Gómez-Palacio AM, Triana-Chávez O, Mejía-Jaramillo AM. Eco-epidemiology of Chagas disease in an endemic area of Colombia: risk factor estimation, Trypanosoma cruzi characterization and identification of blood-meal sources in bugs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:1116-24. [PMID: 25331808 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) is a mountainous area in Colombia that is highly endemic to Chagas disease. We explored some eco-epidemiological attributes involved in the Chagas disease transmission scenario in three Indigenous communities. An epidemiological survey was done, where parasite infection in reservoirs and insects, Trypanosoma cruzi genotyping, identification of blood-meal sources in intradomiciliary insects using the high-resolution melting technique, and some risk factors were evaluated. The results suggest that several dwelling conditions such as thatched palm roofs and mud walls carried the highest risk of finding intradomiciliary Rhodnius prolixus, which 56.41% were infected with T. cruzi and fed with human blood. Moreover, T. cruzi Ia was the most frequent haplotype found in insects. These results indicate the existence of a domestic T. cruzi transmission cycle that does not overlap with the sylvatic cycle, and highlight the need for efficient entomological control focused to this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor H Peña-García
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrés M Gómez-Palacio
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana M Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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Wild and synanthropic reservoirs of Leishmania species in the Americas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2014; 3:251-62. [PMID: 25426421 PMCID: PMC4241529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are maintained by multiple hosts included in seven mammal orders. Reservoir hosts are the assemblage of species responsible for Leishmania maintenance. Mammal host–Leishmania interaction determines host competence to infect vectors. Associate ecological and parasitological data are crucial to understand the wild cycle. Prevention of human cases is dependent on a thorough knowledge of the wild cycle.
The definition of a reservoir has changed significantly in the last century, making it necessary to study zoonosis from a broader perspective. One important example is that of Leishmania, zoonotic multi-host parasites maintained by several mammal species in nature. The magnitude of the health problem represented by leishmaniasis combined with the complexity of its epidemiology make it necessary to clarify all of the links in transmission net, including non-human mammalian hosts, to develop effective control strategies. Although some studies have described dozens of species infected with these parasites, only a minority have related their findings to the ecological scenario to indicate a possible role of that host in parasite maintenance and transmission. Currently, it is accepted that a reservoir may be one or a complex of species responsible for maintaining the parasite in nature. A reservoir system should be considered unique on a given spatiotemporal scale. In fact, the transmission of Leishmania species in the wild still represents an complex enzootic “puzzle”, as several links have not been identified. This review presents the mammalian species known to be infected with Leishmania spp. in the Americas, highlighting those that are able to maintain and act as a source of the parasite in nature (and are thus considered potential reservoirs). These host/reservoirs are presented separately in each of seven mammal orders – Marsupialia, Cingulata, Pilosa, Rodentia, Primata, Carnivora, and Chiroptera – responsible for maintaining Leishmania species in the wild.
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Trypanosoma cruzi among wild and domestic mammals in different areas of the Abaetetuba municipality (Pará State, Brazil), an endemic Chagas disease transmission area. Vet Parasitol 2012; 193:71-7. [PMID: 23261089 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of acute Chagas disease (ACD) due to oral transmission is growing and expanding in several South American countries. Within the Amazon basin, the Abaetetuba municipality has been a site of recurrent cases spanning across distinct landscapes. Because Chagas disease is primarily a zoonotic infection, we compared the enzootic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycles in three different environmental areas of Abaetetuba to better understand this new epidemiological situation. Philander opossum was the most abundant mammalian species collected (38% of the collected mammals) with a T. cruzi prevalence of 57%, as determined by hemocultures. Didelphis marsupialis was abundant only in the area with the higher level of environmental disturbance (approximately 42%) and did not yield detectable parasitemia. Despite similarities observed in the composition of the small mammalian fauna and the prevalence of T. cruzi infection among the studied areas, the potential of these hosts to infect vectors differed significantly according to the degree of land use (with prevalences of 5%, 41%, and 64% in areas A3, A1 and A2, respectively). Domestic mammals were also found to be infected, and one canine T. cruzi isolate was obtained. Our data demonstrated that the transmission of T. cruzi in the Amazon basin is far more complex than had been previously taught and showed that the probability of humans and domestic mammals coming into contact with infected bugs can vary dramatically, even within the same municipality. The exposure of dogs to T. cruzi infection (indicated by positive serology) was the common feature among the studied localities, stressing the importance of selecting domestic mammals as sentinels in the identification of T. cruzi transmission hotspots.
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Noireau F, Diosque P, Jansen AM. Trypanosoma cruzi: adaptation to its vectors and its hosts. Vet Res 2009; 40:26. [PMID: 19250627 PMCID: PMC2695024 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis is a parasitic zoonosis that occurs throughout Latin America. The etiological agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, is able to infect almost all tissues of its mammalian hosts and spreads in the environment in multifarious transmission cycles that may or not be connected. This biological plasticity, which is probably the result of the considerable heterogeneity of the taxon, exemplifies a successful adaptation of a parasite resulting in distinct outcomes of infection and a complex epidemiological pattern. In the 1990s, most endemic countries strengthened national control programs to interrupt the transmission of this parasite to humans. However, many obstacles remain to the effective control of the disease. Current knowledge of the different components involved in elaborate system that is American trypanosomiasis (the protozoan parasite T. cruzi, vectors Triatominae and the many reservoirs of infection), as well as the interactions existing within the system, is still incomplete. The Triatominae probably evolve from predatory reduvids in response to the availability of vertebrate food source. However, the basic mechanisms of adaptation of some of them to artificial ecotopes remain poorly understood. Nevertheless, these adaptations seem to be associated with a behavioral plasticity, a reduction in the genetic repertoire and increasing developmental instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Noireau
- UR 016, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
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Vaz VC, D'Andrea PS, Jansen AM. Effects of habitat fragmentation on wild mammal infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitology 2007; 134:1785-93. [PMID: 17651530 DOI: 10.1017/s003118200700323x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of human activities frequently results in habitat fragmentation, a phenomenon that has been widely recognized in the last decades as one of the major threats to world's biodiversity. The transformation of a continuous forest into a fragmented area results in a hyper-dynamic landscape with unpredictable consequences to overall ecosystem health. The effect of the fragmentation process on Trypanosoma cruzi infection among small wild mammals was studied in an Atlantic Rain Forest landscape. Comparing continous forest to fragmented habitat, marsupials were less abundant than rodents in the continuous landscape. An overall decrease in small wild mammal richness was observed in the smaller fragments. An anti-T. cruzi seroprevalence of 18% (82/440) was deteced by immunofluorescence assay. Moreover, this seroprevalence was higher in the fragmented habitat than in the continuous forest. According to the collected data, 3 main factors seem to modulate infection by T. cruzi in small wild mammals: (i) habitat fragmentation; (ii) biodiversity loss; (iii) increase of marsupial abundance in mammal communities. Furthermore, an extremely mild controlled infection by T. cruzi was detected since no patent parasitaemia could be detected in fresh blood samples, and no parasites were isolated by haemoculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Vaz
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, PO Box 926, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, RJ, Brasil
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