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Deng W, Feng S, Stejskal V, Opit G, Li Z. An advanced approach for rapid visual identification of Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) based on CRISPR/Cas12a combined with RPA. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1911-1921. [PMID: 37463293 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) is a booklouse pest that is a threat to commodity storage security worldwide. Accurate and sensitive methods of L. bostrychophila on-site identification are essential prerequisites for its effective management. Evidence suggests that L. bostrychophila contains 3 intraspecific biotypes that are morphologically indistinguishable but can be discriminated at the level of mitochondrial genome organization and sequences. The traditional molecular identification methods, such as DNA barcoding and PCR-RFLP, are instrumentally demanding and time-consuming, limiting the application of the identification in the field. Therefore, this study developed a new CRISPR/Cas12a-based visual nucleic acid system based on the mitochondrial gene coding for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2), combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to accurately identify L. bostrychophila from 4 other common stored-product booklice, and also differentiate 3 biotypes of this species at the same time. The entire identification process could be completed at 37 °C within 20 min with high sensitivity. The system could stably detect at least 1 ng/μl of DNA template. The green fluorescence signal produced by the trans-cleaving of the single-stranded DNA reporter could be observed by the naked eye under blue light. Additionally, the suggested system combined with the crude DNA extraction method to extract DNA rapidly, enabled identification of all developmental stages of L. bostrychophila. With crude DNA, this novel diagnostic system successfully identified an unknown booklouse by holding the reaction tubes in the hand, thus can be considered as an accurate, rapid, highly sensitive, and instrument-flexible method for on-site visual identification of L. bostrychophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Deng
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Shiqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George Opit
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
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Ocran AF, Opit GP, Noden BH, Arthur FH, Kard BM. Effects of Dehumidification on the Survivorship of Four Psocid Species. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1380-1388. [PMID: 33855353 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Psocids are damaging stored-product pests. In this study, eggs and early-instar nymphs, adults, and all life stages of Liposcelis entomophila, L. decolor, L. bostrychophila, and L. paeta were subjected to 43, 50, or 75% (Control) relative humidity (RH) for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 d at 30.0°C. All adults of these species died within 8 d at both 43 and 50% RH, except for L. bostrychophila, which required 12 d at 50% RH for 100% mortality to occur. For all life stages and eggs and early-instar nymphs, maximum survival times (times to 100% mortality) at 43 or 50% RH for L. entomophila, L. decolor, L. bostrychophila, and L. paeta, were 8 and 10 d, 8 and 12 d, 12 and 14 d, and 12 and 16 d, respectively. During this study, numbers of nymphs and adults of all species 14 d after the RH treatments increased within the 75% RH Control arenas. Different species and life stages responded differently to 43 and 50% RH, as time to kill all stages of the four psocid species was 8-12 and 10-16 d, respectively. Results indicate that using a specific RH environment may be effective in psocid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abena F Ocran
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - George P Opit
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Bruce H Noden
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Frank H Arthur
- Retired USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bradford M Kard
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Antioxidant Enzymes and Heat Shock Protein Genes from Liposcelis bostrychophila Are Involved in Stress Defense upon Heat Shock. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120839. [PMID: 33261171 PMCID: PMC7759835 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Liposcelis bostrychophila is one of the most serious pests of stored commodities among the psocids. Controlling psocids mainly relies on chemical insecticides and heat stress. In fact, L. bostrychophila has developed high levels of resistance or tolerance to heat treatment in grain storage systems. In this study, we evaluated the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration after different high temperatures. The result showed that MDA is increased slightly overall, but a drastic increase is detected at 42.5 °C for exposure of different times. To further explore the principles of L. bostrychophila in response to heat stress, we tested the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) activities under different heat treatments and identified four inducible LbHsp70 genes and one LbHsp110 gene. Enzyme activities and transcript levels changed drastically after different heat treatments. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of L. bostrychophila responding to heat stress and provide baseline information for further understanding the excellent targets of L. bostrychophila. Abstract Psocids are a new risk for global food security and safety because they are significant worldwide pests of stored products. Among these psocids, Liposcelis bostrychophila has developed high levels of resistance or tolerance to heat treatment in grain storage systems, and thus has led to investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in this pest. In this study, the time-related effects of thermal stress treatments at relatively high temperatures on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), glutathione-S-transferases (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA), of L. bostrychophila were determined. Thermal stress resulted that L. bostrychophila had a significantly higher MDA concentration at 42.5 °C, which indicated that the heat stress increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) contents and oxidative stress in this psocid pest. Heat stress also resulted in significant elevation of SOD, CAT and GST activities but decreased POD activity. Our data indicates that different antioxidant enzymes contribute to defense mechanisms, counteracting oxidative damage in varying levels. POD play minor roles in scavenging deleterious LPO, while enhanced SOD, CAT and GST activities in response to thermal stress likely play a more important role against oxidative damage. Here, we firstly identified five LbHsps (four LbHsp70s and one LbHsp110) from psocids, and most of these LbHsps (except LbHsp70-1) are highly expressed at fourth instar nymph and adults, and LbHsp70-1 likely presents as a cognate form of HSP due to its non-significant changes of expression. Most LbHsp70s (except LbHsp70-4) are significantly induced at moderate high temperatures (<40 °C) and decreased at extreme high temperatures (40–45 °C), but LbHsp110-1 can be significantly induced at all high temperatures. Results of this study suggest that the LbHsp70s and LbHsp110 genes are involved in tolerance to thermal stress in L. bostrychophila, and antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins may be coordinately involved in the tolerance to thermal stress in psocids.
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González-Tokman D, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Dáttilo W, Lira-Noriega A, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Villalobos F. Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:802-821. [PMID: 32035015 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surviving changing climate conditions is particularly difficult for organisms such as insects that depend on environmental temperature to regulate their physiological functions. Insects are extremely threatened by global warming, since many do not have enough physiological tolerance even to survive continuous exposure to the current maximum temperatures experienced in their habitats. Here, we review literature on the physiological mechanisms that regulate responses to heat and provide heat tolerance in insects: (i) neuronal mechanisms to detect and respond to heat; (ii) metabolic responses to heat; (iii) thermoregulation; (iv) stress responses to tolerate heat; and (v) hormones that coordinate developmental and behavioural responses at warm temperatures. Our review shows that, apart from the stress response mediated by heat shock proteins, the physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance in insects remain poorly studied. Based on life-history theory, we discuss the costs of heat tolerance and the potential evolutionary mechanisms driving insect adaptations to high temperatures. Some insects may deal with ongoing global warming by the joint action of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Plastic responses are limited and may not be by themselves enough to withstand ongoing warming trends. Although the evidence is still scarce and deserves further research in different insect taxa, genetic adaptation to high temperatures may result from rapid evolution. Finally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating physiological information for modelling species distributions and ecological interactions under global warming scenarios. This review identifies several open questions to improve our understanding of how insects respond physiologically to heat and the evolutionary and ecological consequences of those responses. Further lines of research are suggested at the species, order and class levels, with experimental and analytical approaches such as artificial selection, quantitative genetics and comparative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Tokman
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | | | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Seddigh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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Molecular Identification of ten species of stored-product psocids through microarray method based on ITS2 rDNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16694. [PMID: 29196710 PMCID: PMC5711863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stored-product psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) are cosmopolitan storage pests that can damage stored products and cause serious economic loss. However, because of the body size (~1 mm) of eggs, nymphs, and adults, morphological identification of most stored-product psocids is difficult and hampers effective identification. In this study, 10 economically important stored-product Liposcelis spp. psocids (Liposcelis brunnea, L. entomophila, L. decolor, L. pearmani, L. rufa, L.mendax, L. bostrychophila, L. corrodens, L. paeta, and L. tricolor) were collected from 25 geographic locations in 3 countries (China, Czech Republic, and the United States). Ten species-specific probes for identifying these 10 psocid species were designed based on ITS2 sequences. The microarray method and reaction system were optimized. Specificity of each of the ten probes was tested, and all probes were found suitable for use in identification of the respective10 Liposcelis spp. psocids at 66 °C. This method was also used to identify an unknown psocid species collected in Taian, China. This work has contributed to the development of a molecular identification method for stored-product psocids, and can provide technical support not only to facilitate identification of intercepted samples in relation to plant quarantine, but also for use in insect pest monitoring.
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Tungjitwitayakul J, Tatun N, Vajarasathira B, Sakurai S. Expression of Heat Shock Protein Genes in Different Developmental Stages and After Temperature Stress in the Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1313-1323. [PMID: 26470260 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, is a major pest of rice and other postharvest grain stocks in tropical countries. Heating and cooling treatments have been adopted to control this pest. Because heat shock protein (hsp) genes respond to temperature stress, we examined the association of hsp genes with development and thermal stress in S. zeamais. The temperature response of the insect to heat and cold treatments was assessed at four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. LT50 values at high temperatures were similar among the four developmental stages, while adults were the most tolerant to low temperatures, and eggs, larvae, and pupae exhibited similar LT50 values. Expression levels of three hsps--Szhsp70, Szhsc70, and Szhsp90--fluctuated substantially throughout the four stages at a rearing temperature of 28°C. Heat shock and cold shock increased the expression of all three hsps, and the highest upregulation was observed at 40°C, although the intensity of upregulation varied among the three genes: strongly in Szhsp70, moderately in Szhsp90, and slightly in Szhsc70. Basal expression of the three hsps at 28°C and gene responses to heat and cold shock also varied significantly at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nujira Tatun
- School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Boongeua Vajarasathira
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sho Sakurai
- Creative Science Museum, Komatsunomori, Komatsu 923-8610, Japan
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Wei DD, Chen EH, Ding TB, Chen SC, Dou W, Wang JJ. De novo assembly, gene annotation, and marker discovery in stored-product pest Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) using transcriptome sequences. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80046. [PMID: 24244605 PMCID: PMC3828239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a major stored-product pest insect, Liposcelis entomophila has developed high levels of resistance to various insecticides in grain storage systems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance and environmental stress have not been characterized. To date, there is a lack of genomic information for this species. Therefore, studies aimed at profiling the L. entomophila transcriptome would provide a better understanding of the biological functions at the molecular levels. Methodology/Principal Findings We applied Illumina sequencing technology to sequence the transcriptome of L. entomophila. A total of 54,406,328 clean reads were obtained and that de novo assembled into 54,220 unigenes, with an average length of 571 bp. Through a similarity search, 33,404 (61.61%) unigenes were matched to known proteins in the NCBI non-redundant (Nr) protein database. These unigenes were further functionally annotated with gene ontology (GO), cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. A large number of genes potentially involved in insecticide resistance were manually curated, including 68 putative cytochrome P450 genes, 37 putative glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, 19 putative carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) genes, and other 126 transcripts to contain target site sequences or encoding detoxification genes representing eight types of resistance enzymes. Furthermore, to gain insight into the molecular basis of the L. entomophila toward thermal stresses, 25 heat shock protein (Hsp) genes were identified. In addition, 1,100 SSRs and 57,757 SNPs were detected and 231 pairs of SSR primes were designed for investigating the genetic diversity in future. Conclusions/Significance We developed a comprehensive transcriptomic database for L. entomophila. These sequences and putative molecular markers would further promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance or environmental stress, and will facilitate studies on population genetics for psocids, as well as providing useful information for functional genomic research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Nayak MK, Collins PJ, Throne JE, Wang JJ. Biology and management of psocids infesting stored products. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 59:279-297. [PMID: 24160430 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-161947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previously regarded as minor nuisance pests, psocids belonging to the genus Liposcelis now pose a major problem for the effective protection of stored products worldwide. Here we examine the apparent biological and operational reasons behind this phenomenon and why conventional pest management seems to be failing. We investigate what is known about the biology, behavior, and population dynamics of major pest species to ascertain their strengths, and perhaps find weaknesses, as a basis for a rational pest management strategy. We outline the contribution of molecular techniques to clarifying species identification and understanding genetic diversity. We discuss progress in sampling and trapping and our comprehension of spatial distribution of these pests as a foundation for developing management strategies. The effectiveness of various chemical treatments and the availability and potential of nonchemical control methods are critically examined. Finally, we identify research gaps and suggest future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Nayak
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; ,
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Shakeel SN, Ul Haq N, Heckathorn S, Luthe DS. Analysis of gene sequences indicates that quantity not quality of chloroplast small HSPs improves thermotolerance in C4 and CAM plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1943-1957. [PMID: 22797908 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-localized small heat-shock proteins (Cp-sHSP) protect Photosystem II and thylakoid membranes during heat and other stresses, and Cp-sHSP production levels are related to plant thermotolerance. However, to date, a paucity of Cp-sHSP sequences from C4 or CAM species, or from other extremely heat-tolerant species, has precluded an examination to determine if Cp-sHSP genes or proteins might differ among plants with photosynthetic pathways or between heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant species. To investigate this, we isolated and characterized novel Cp-sHSP genes in four plant species: two moderately heat-tolerant C4 species, Spartina alterniflora (monocot) and Amaranthus retroflexus (eudicot), and two very heat-tolerant CAM species, Agave americana (monocot) and Ferocactus wislizenii (eudicot) (respective genes: SasHSP27.12, ArsHSP26.43, AasHSP26.85 and FwsHSP27.52) by PCR-based genome walking and cDNA RACE. Analysis of these Cp-sHSPs has confirmed the presence of conserved domains common to previously examined species. As expected, the transit peptide was found to be the most variable part of these proteins. Promoter analysis of these genes revealed differences in CAM versus C3 and C4 species that were independent of a general difference between monocots and eudicots observed for the entire protein. Heat-induced gene and protein expression indicated that Cp-sHSP protein levels were correlated with thermotolerance of photosynthetic electron transport, and that in most cases protein and transcript levels were correlated. Thus, available evidence indicates little variation in the amino acid sequence of Cp-sHSP mature proteins between heat-sensitive and -tolerant species, but that variation in Cp-sHSP protein production is related to heat tolerance or photosynthetic pathway (CAM vs. C3 and C4) and is driven by promoter differences. Key message We isolated and characterized four novel Cp-sHSP genes with promoters from wild plants, analysis has shown qualitative and quantitative interspecific variations in Cp-sHSPs of C3, C4, and CAM plant thermotolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Agave/genetics
- Agave/physiology
- Amaranthus/genetics
- Amaranthus/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Chloroplast Proteins/genetics
- Chloroplast Proteins/metabolism
- Chloroplasts/genetics
- Chloroplasts/physiology
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Genes, Chloroplast
- Genes, Plant
- Genomics/methods
- Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/metabolism
- Hot Temperature
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Photosynthesis
- Photosystem II Protein Complex/genetics
- Photosystem II Protein Complex/physiology
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein/methods
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina N Shakeel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.
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Wei DD, Yuan ML, Wang BJ, Zhou AW, Dou W, Wang JJ. Population genetics of two asexually and sexually reproducing psocids species inferred by the analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33883. [PMID: 22479465 PMCID: PMC3313955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The psocids Liposcelis bostrychophila and L. entomophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) are found throughout the world and are often associated with humans, food stores and habitations. These insects have developed high levels of resistance to various insecticides in grain storage systems. However, the population genetic structure and gene flow of psocids has not been well categorized, which is helpful to plan appropriate strategies for the control of these pests. Methodology/Principal Findings The two species were sampled from 15 localities in China and analyzed for polymorphisms at the mitochondrial DNA (Cytb) and ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) regions. In total, 177 individual L. bostrychophila and 272 individual L. entomophila were analysed. Both Cytb and ITS sequences showed high genetic diversity for the two species with haplotype diversities ranged from 0.154±0.126 to 1.000±0.045, and significant population differentiation (mean FST = 0.358 for L. bostrychophila; mean FST = 0.336 for L. entomophila) was also detected among populations investigated. A Mantel test indicated that for both species there was no evidence for isolation-by-distance (IBD). The neutrality test and mismatch distribution statistics revealed that the two species might have undergone population expansions in the past. Conclusion Both L. bostrychophila and L. entomophila displayed high genetic diversity and widespread population genetic differentiation within and between populations. The significant population differentiation detected for both psocids may be mainly due to other factors, such as genetic drift, inbreeding or control practices, and less by geographic distance since an IBD effect was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Thermal tolerance of Frankliniella occidentalis: Effects of temperature, exposure time, and gender. J Therm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hassan MW, Dou W, Chen L, Jiang HB, Wang JJ. Development, survival, and reproduction of the psocid Liposcelis yunnaniensis (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) at constant temperatures. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1436-1444. [PMID: 21882714 DOI: 10.1603/ec11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects often constant temperatures (20.0, 22.5, 25.0, 27.5, 30.0, 32.5, 35.0, 37.5, 39.0, and 41.0 degrees C) on the development, survival, and reproduction of the psocid Liposcelis yunnaniensis Li & Li (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). At 39.0 and 41.0 degrees C, none of individuals could develop successfully or reproduce. From 20 to 37.5 degrees C, the development period from egg to adult ranged from 64.3 d at 20 degrees C to 16.1 d at 35 degrees C. The lower developmental threshold for egg, nymph, and combined immature stages were estimated at 15.08, 15.13, and 14.77 degrees C, respectively. After emergence the females went through a preoviposition period that ranged from 18.5 d at 22.5 degrees C to 3.11 d at 35 degrees C, whereas it was 16.3 d at 20 degrees C. Liposcelis yunnaniensis produced most eggs at 35 degrees C and the fewest at 22.5 degrees C. The population reared at 35 degrees C had the highest intrinsic rate of increase, shorter mean generation time, and shortest population doubling time compared with other temperatures. According to Weibull frequency distribution, L. yunnaniensis reared at all the temperatures had type III survivorship curves (c < 1.0). Based on life-table parameter estimations, we suggest that optimum range of temperatures for this species is from 25 to 37.5 degrees C. These data give us useful information on population biology of L. yunnaniensis and can be used to better manage this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqar Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
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Opit GP, Arthur FH, Bonjour EL, Jones CL, Phillips TW. Efficacy of heat treatment for disinfestation of concrete grain silos. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1415-1422. [PMID: 21882711 DOI: 10.1603/ec11104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate heat treatment for disinfestations of empty concrete elevator silos. A Mobile Heat Treatment Unit was used to introduce heat into silos to attain target conditions of 50 degrees C for at least 6 h. Ventilated plastic containers with a capacity of 100 g of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., held Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Polyvinyl chloride containers with a capacity of 300 g of wheat held adults of Liposcelis corrodens (Heymons) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) and Liposcelis decolor (Pearman), which were contained in 35-mm Petri dishes within the grain. Containers were fastened to a rope suspended from the top of the silo at depths of 0 m (just under the top manhole), 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m (silo floor). When the highest temperature achieved was approximately 50 degrees C for 6 h, parental mortality ofR. dominica and T. castaneum, and both psocid species was 98-100%. Progeny production of R. dominica occurred when there was parental survival, but in general R. dominica seemed less impacted by the heat treatment than T. castaneum. There was 100% mortality of L. corrodens at all depths in the heat treatments but only 92.5% mortality for L. decolor, with most survivors located in the bioassay containers at the top of the silo. Results show wheat kernels may have an insulating effect and heat treatment might be more effective when used in conjunction with sanitation and cleaning procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Opit
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033, USA.
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Opit GP, Throne JE, Payton ME. Reproductive parameters of the parthenogenetic psocid Lepinotus reticulatus (Psocoptera: Trogiidae) at constant temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 39:1004-1011. [PMID: 20550816 DOI: 10.1603/en10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated effects of temperature, at 70% RH, on the reproductive parameters of the parthenogenetic psocid Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein (Psocoptera: Trogiidae). The lowest fecundity (21) was at 35 degrees C and the highest (41) at 27.5 degrees C. At 22.5, 25, and 27.5 degrees C, peak oviposition rates (eggs/female/week) occurred in week 3 and were 4.7, 6.6, and 7.8, respectively; also 51, 57, and 62%, respectively, of all eggs were laid in the first 4 wk. At 30, 32.5, and 35 degrees C, peak oviposition rates occurred in week 2 and were 8.2, 9.0, and 7.4, respectively; 80, 85, and 98%, respectively, of all eggs were laid in the first 4 wk. The longest preoviposition period (4.4 d) was at 22.5 and 25 degrees C, and the longest postoviposition period (13.1 d) was at 22.5 degrees C. Oviposition period and longevity decreased with increasing temperature; at 22.5 degrees C, these parameters were 66 and 83 d, respectively, and at 35 degrees C, they were 18 and 24 d, respectively. Mean weekly oviposition rate increased with temperature and was highest at 32.5 degrees C (5.8 eggs/female/week). At 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, and 35 degrees C, it took 29, 20, 12, 11, 8, and 6 wk, respectively, for all females to die. Intrinsic rate of population increase increased with temperature until 32.5 degrees C (0.128) and then declined. We have developed temperature-dependent equations for preoviposition period, postoviposition period, oviposition period, oviposition rate, and longevity. Reproductive parameters affect population dynamics, and information on these parameters can be used in simulation models to predict L. reticulatus population dynamics to aid in developing effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Opit
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502-2736, USA.
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Jia FX, Yang MS, Yang WJ, Wang JJ. Influence of continuous high temperature conditions on Wolbachia infection frequency and the fitness of Liposcelis tricolor (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 38:1365-1372. [PMID: 19825290 DOI: 10.1603/022.038.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbiotic bacteria that potentially influence reproduction and other fitness-related traits of their hosts are widespread in arthropods, and their appeal to researchers' interest is growing. In this study, the influence of continuous high temperature conditions on Wolbachia infection frequency and the fitness of Liposcelis tricolor (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) was studied in a laboratory. The results showed that the Wolbachia infection frequency was gradually decreased when L. tricolor was reared at 33 degrees C; after six generations of treatment, no Wolbachia wsp gene product was detected, suggesting that the Wolbachia infection was completely eliminated. The combined immature development periods and survival rates of L. tricolor did not vary significantly among six generations; however, the female longevities and fecundities dramatically declined from F(1) through F(6), resulting in decreasing values of population intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)). Using r(m) values, the fitness for F(2), F(3), F(4), F(5), and F(6) relative to F(1) was calculated as 0.995, 0.953, 0.811, 0.700, and 0.552, respectively. We realize that it is not possible to distinguish between the effects of high temperature may have on the metabolic processes of the psocids and the effects of temperature-induced reduction in bacterial infection frequencies. Our study confirms that the combined use of antibiotics and heat treatment is a good control measure for psocids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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