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Zhang Y, Zhang B. Bifenthrin Caused Parkinson's-Like Symptoms Via Mitochondrial Autophagy and Ferroptosis Pathway Stereoselectively in Parkin -/- Mice and C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04140-5. [PMID: 38691300 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
It has been proposed that pyrethroid exposure contributes to the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of the widely used pyrethroid bifenthrin on Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. Bifenthrin (1S-cis-bifenthrin, 1R-cis-bifenthrin, raceme) was administered to male Parkin-/- mice and C57BL/6 mice by oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw/day for 28 days. Bifenthrin exposure significantly increased the time of pole climbing and decreased the period of rotarod running, indicating that bifenthrin decreased motor coordination in Parkin-/- mice, which was more evident by 1S-cis-bifenthrin. Furthermore, administration of bifenthrin induced obvious decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ cell count and the protein expression of TH. Increased protein of mitochondrial autophagy LC3B and p62 was observed after exposure to bifenthrin. Increased iron deposition and protein expression of iron transport transferrin (Tf) and transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) was detected. 1S-cis-bifenthrin bound with Tf, TfR2, and GPX4 with lower binding energies than 1R-cis-bifenthrin, resulting in stronger interactions with these proteins. These results show structure-dependent PD-like effects of bifenthrin on motor activity and coordination associated with the disturbed mitochondrial autophagy and ferroptosis-related pathway. These data demonstrate that pyrethroid exposure increases the potential of Parkinson's-like symptoms via the ferroptosis pathway in Parkin-/- mice that is more pronounced than in C57BL/6 mice, providing a prospective enantioselective toxic effect of environmental neurotoxins on PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Neuroscience Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Lyu H, Tugwell TH, Chen Z, Kukier GA, Turlik A, Wu Y, Houk KN, Liu P, Dong G. Modular synthesis of 1,2-azaborines via ring-opening BN-isostere benzannulation. Nat Chem 2024; 16:269-276. [PMID: 37783725 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Azaborines represent a unique class of benzene isosteres that have attracted interest for developing pharmaceuticals with better potency and bioavailability. However, it remains a long-standing challenge to prepare monocyclic 1,2-azaborines, particularly multi-substituted ones, in an efficient and modular manner. Here we report a straightforward method to directly access diverse multi-substituted 1,2-azaborines from readily available cyclopropyl imines/ketones and dibromoboranes under relatively mild conditions. The reaction is scalable, shows a broad substrate scope, and tolerates a range of functional groups. The utility of this method is demonstrated in the concise syntheses of BN isosteres of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin. Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction pathway involves boron-mediated cyclopropane ring-opening and base-mediated elimination, followed by an unusual low-barrier 6π-electrocyclization accelerated by the BN/CC isomerism. This method is anticipated to find applications for the synthesis of BN-isostere analogues in medicinal chemistry, and the mechanistic insights gained here may guide developing other boron-mediated electrocyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas H Tugwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Garrett A Kukier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yifei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Praulins G, McDermott DP, Spiers A, Lees RS. Reviewing the WHO Tube Bioassay Methodology: Accurate Method Reporting and Numbers of Mosquitoes Are Key to Producing Robust Results. INSECTS 2022; 13:544. [PMID: 35735881 PMCID: PMC9224656 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurately monitoring insecticide resistance in target mosquito populations is important for combating malaria and other vector-borne diseases, and robust methods are key. The "WHO susceptibility bioassay" has been available from the World Health Organization for 60+ years: mosquitoes of known physiological status are exposed to a discriminating concentration of insecticide. Several changes to the test procedures have been made historically, which may seem minor but could impact bioassay results. The published test procedures and literature for this method were reviewed for methodological details. Areas where there was room for interpretation in the test procedures or where the test procedures were not being followed were assessed experimentally for their impact on bioassay results: covering or uncovering of the tube end during exposure; the number of mosquitoes per test unit; and mosquito age. Many publications do not cite the most recent test procedures; methodological details are reported which contradict the test procedures referenced, or methodological details are not fully reported. As a result, the precise methodology is unclear. Experimental testing showed that using fewer than the recommended 15-30 mosquitoes per test unit significantly reduced mortality, covering the exposure tube had no significant effect, and using mosquitoes older than 2-5 days old increased mortality, particularly in the resistant strain. Recommendations are made for improved reporting of experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Praulins
- Innovation to Impact (I2I), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
| | - Daniel P. McDermott
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
| | - Angus Spiers
- Innovation to Impact (I2I), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
| | - Rosemary Susan Lees
- Innovation to Impact (I2I), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
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4
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Zhao P, Chai Y, Liu R, Yuan L. Dissipation, Residue, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Bifenthrin, Bifenazate, and Its Metabolite Bifenazate-Diazene in Apples Based on Deterministic and Probabilistic Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14302-14310. [PMID: 34806379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and effective multiresidue analytical method was established to investigate the degradation rate and final residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and its metabolite bifenazate-diazene in apples, and the dietary risk of consumers was evaluated. The residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and bifenazate-diazene in apple samples from 12 different apple-producing areas of China were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of the three compounds in apples were 88.4-104.6%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.3-10.5%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for each compound was 0.01 mg/kg. Although the degradation half-lives of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and bifenazate-diazene were 17.8-28.9, 4.3-7.8, and 5.0-5.8 days, under good agricultural practice (GAP) conditions, the final residues of bifenthrin, bifenazate, and the sum of bifenazate and its metabolite bifenazate-diazene in apples were <0.01-0.049, < 0.01-0.027, and <0.02-0.056 mg/kg, respectively, which were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) in China. By comparing the deterministic model with the probabilistic model, the results of the probabilistic model at the P95 level (12.91-48.9% for bifenthrin, 17.48-52.01% for bifenazate including its metabolite) were selected as reasonable assessment criteria for chronic dietary risk, and the acute risk was at the P99.9 level (3.00-15.59% for bifenthrin). Although the exposure risk calculated by both the deterministic model and the probabilistic model was less than 100%, the risk to children is significantly higher than that of the general population. This suggests that in future research and policy making, we should pay more attention to the risk of vulnerable groups such as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yida Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Longfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Leska A, Nowak A, Nowak I, Górczyńska A. Effects of Insecticides and Microbiological Contaminants on Apis mellifera Health. Molecules 2021; 26:5080. [PMID: 34443668 PMCID: PMC8398688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been an alarming decline in the number of honey bee colonies. This phenomenon is called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Bee products play a significant role in human life and have a huge impact on agriculture, therefore bees are an economically important species. Honey has found its healing application in various sectors of human life, as well as other bee products such as royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen. There are many putative factors of CCD, such as air pollution, GMO, viruses, or predators (such as wasps and hornets). It is, however, believed that pesticides and microorganisms play a huge role in the mass extinction of bee colonies. Insecticides are chemicals that are dangerous to both humans and the environment. They can cause enormous damage to bees' nervous system and permanently weaken their immune system, making them vulnerable to other factors. Some of the insecticides that negatively affect bees are, for example, neonicotinoids, coumaphos, and chlorpyrifos. Microorganisms can cause various diseases in bees, weakening the health of the colony and often resulting in its extinction. Infection with microorganisms may result in the need to dispose of the entire hive to prevent the spread of pathogens to other hives. Many aspects of the impact of pesticides and microorganisms on bees are still unclear. The need to deepen knowledge in this matter is crucial, bearing in mind how important these animals are for human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Górczyńska
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
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Whangchai K, Van Hung T, Al-Rashed S, Narayanan M, Kandasamy S, Pugazhendhi A. Biodegradation competence of Streptomyces toxytricini D2 isolated from leaves surface of the hybrid cotton crop against β cypermethrin. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130152. [PMID: 34088080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The frequent application of β cypermethrin in farming activity, causing severe soil and water contamination. Thus, finding a suitable microbial agent to degrade the toxic pesticide into less or nontoxic components is vital. Hence, β cypermethrin-resistant predominant bacteria from the pesticide-exposed surface of cotton leaves were isolated and optimized the growth conditions required for the significant degradation of β cypermethrin. Six dominant bacterial cultures were isolated from pesticide exposed cotton leaf samples, and among them, COL3 showed better tolerance to 6% of β cypermethrin than others. This COL3 was identified as Streptomyces toxytricini D2 through the 16S rRNA analysis. The suitable growth requirements of S. toxytricini D2 were optimized with various essential growth parameters to degrade β cypermethrin and the results showed that a significant degradation of β cypermethrin was observed at 35 °C, pH 8.0, 1.5% of inoculum, and nutritional factors like glycerol (20 mg L-1), ammonium sulfate (15 mg L-1), and calcium phosphates (10 mg L-1) were served as better carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate sources respectively. The degradation percentage and half-life of β cypermethrin were calculated as 80.71 ± 1.17% and 48.15 h respectively by S. toxytricini D2. The GC-MS analysis results showed that S. toxytricini D2 effectively degraded the β cypermethrin into 5 components such as methyl salicylate, phenol, phthalic acid, 3-phenoxy benzaldehyde, and 3-PBA. This is the first report, revealed that the S. toxytricini D2 belongs to the Actinobacteria has the potential to degrade the β cypermethrin into less or nontoxic metabolites under optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanda Whangchai
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tran Van Hung
- Van Lang University, 45 Nguyen Khac Nhu Street, Co Giang Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sarah Al-Rashed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational and Research Institutions (AERI), Hosur, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Effects of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) on sperm cell morphology and reproductive hormonal profiles in cypermethrin-induced male infertility in Wister rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Bamou R, Kopya E, Nkahe LD, Menze BD, Awono-Ambene P, Tchuinkam T, Njiokou F, Wondji CS, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Increased prevalence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles coluzzii populations in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon and influence on pyrethroid-only treated bed net efficacy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:8. [PMID: 33528357 PMCID: PMC7852377 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In Cameroon, pyrethroid-only long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are still largely used for malaria control. The present study assessed the efficacy of such LLINs against a multiple-resistant population of the major malaria vector, Anopheles coluzzii, in the city of Yaoundé via a cone bioassay and release-recapture experimental hut trial. Susceptibility of field mosquitoes in Yaoundé to pyrethroids, DDT, carbamates and organophosphate insecticides was investigated using World Health Organization (WHO) bioassay tube tests. Mechanisms of insecticide resistance were characterised molecularly. Efficacy of unwashed PermaNet® 2.0 was evaluated against untreated control nets using a resistant colonised strain of An. coluzzii. Mortality, exophily and blood feeding inhibition were estimated. Field collected An. coluzzii displayed high resistance with mortality rates of 3.5% for propoxur (0.1%), 4.16% for DDT (4%), 26.9% for permethrin (0.75%), 50.8% for deltamethrin (0.05%), and 80% for bendiocarb (0.1%). High frequency of the 1014F west-Africa kdr allele was recorded in addition to the overexpression of several detoxification genes, such as Cyp6P3, Cyp6M2, Cyp9K1, Cyp6P4 Cyp6Z1 and GSTe2. A low mortality rate (23.2%) and high blood feeding inhibition rate (65%) were observed when resistant An. coluzzii were exposed to unwashed PermaNet® 2.0 net compared to control untreated net (p < 0.001). Furthermore, low personal protection (52.4%) was observed with the resistant strain, indicating reduction of efficacy. The study highlights the loss of efficacy of pyrethroid-only nets against mosquitoes exhibiting high insecticide resistance and suggests a switch to new generation bed nets to improve control of malaria vector populations in Yaoundé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Bamou
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon - Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B.P. 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B.P. 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon - Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Leslie Diane Nkahe
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B.P. 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon - Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Benjamin D Menze
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom - Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B.P. 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom - Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B.P. 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon - Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
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Peterson EM, Green FB, Smith PN. Pesticides Used on Beef Cattle Feed Yards Are Aerially Transported into the Environment Via Particulate Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13008-13015. [PMID: 32936619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the recent discovery of veterinary pharmaceutical aerial transport from industrial cattle feeding operations via particulate matter, the objective of this study is to determine the extent to which insecticides are also transported into the environment by total suspended particulates emanating from beef cattle feed yards. Of 16 different pesticides quantified in particulate matter samples collected from beef cattle feed yards, permethrin was detected most frequently at >67% of particulate matter samples and at a mean concentration of 1211.7 ± 781.0 (SE) ng/m3. Imidacloprid was detected at a mean concentration of 62.8 ± 38.2 (SE) ng/m3 or equivalent to published concentrations in dust from treated seed planting activities. When insecticide concentrations observed in this study are projected to all United States of America feed yards, the resulting particulate matter (669,000 kg) could contain enough insecticides (active ingredient mass basis) to kill over a billion honeybees daily. Furthermore, a novel transport pathway for macrocyclic lactone entry into the environment was identified. These data raise concern that nontarget organisms may be exposed to potentially toxic levels of pesticides from beef cattle feed yards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Peterson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Frank B Green
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Philip N Smith
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Ali HS, Khaled AS, Hamouda LS, Ghallab EH. Comparative Molecular Description of a Novel GST Gene in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1440-1446. [PMID: 32322876 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to insecticides, particularly pyrethroids and organophosphates, has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens, a primary disease vector. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is involved in the phase II detoxification of numerous xenobiotics, including insecticides. In this study, a GST gene (CPIJ002678) was amplified, sequenced, and used in comprehensive molecular analyses ending up in development of a rapid assay to distinguish more tolerant individuals from susceptible Culex pipiens using the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Field collected Culex pipiens strains from untreated areas, organophosphates-treated areas and a lab strain reared for many generations, all were used in CDC bottle bioassays to evaluate the susceptibility status of the studied individuals to malathion insecticide. Interestingly, both field sites collected groups showed high levels of resistance at the malathion diagnostic time. Gene amplification, and bidirectional direct sequencing results were analyzed. Compared with the reference genome sequence, the pairwise alignment of the amplified sequences showed 96.6% similarity to the reference sequence in the GenBank database. The confirmed gene sequences were assembled and aligned using various bioinformatic softwares. The assembled contigs were used in NEBcutter V2.0 for constructing restriction maps and checked for the availability of differences (if present) between susceptible and more tolerant strains. Specific molecular RFLP markers were successfully recognized to differentiate the more tolerant from the susceptible Culex pipiens phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Samy Ali
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Laila Sayed Hamouda
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Hamdy Ghallab
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Tatipamula VB, Kukavica B. Protective effects of extracts of lichen Dirinaria consimilis (Stirton) D.D. Awasthi in bifenthrin- and diazinon-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:680-687. [PMID: 32396740 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1762632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The intoxication of insecticides such as bifenthrin and diazinon has been reported to generate free radicals, and thereby alter the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes. The present study is aimed to investigate the protective effects of acetone (DA) and methanolic (DM) extracts of lichen Dirinaria consimilis against bifenthrin and diazinon toxicity in rats' erythrocytes in vitro. Rats' erythrocytes were exposed to bifenthrin and diazinon, individually and also in combination with DA or DM at 1 ppm for 3 h at 37 ˚C. By using spectrophotometric methods, all the samples were estimated for changes in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enzyme [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferases (GST)] activities. The outcomes showed that both the insecticides were highly toxic to rats' erythrocytes. Among all groups, both the insecticides and DA exposed groups showed very low levels of MDA content, and GST activity in rats' erythrocytes, when compared to the control. Besides, DA groups pretreated with both insecticides showed significant improvement of total Hb concentration, SOD, and CAT activities, with respect to the control. Hence, the present results indicate that the extracts of D. consimilis act as an antioxidant agent that reduces oxidative stress burden in insecticides toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,The Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Biljana Kukavica
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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12
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Chaumeau V, Wisisakun P, Sawasdichai S, Kankew P, Htoo GN, Saithanmettajit S, Aryalamloed S, Lee NY, Delmas G, Nosten F. Longevity of the insecticidal effect of three pyrethroid formulations applied to outdoor vegetation on a laboratory-adapted colony of the Southeast Asian malaria vector Anopheles dirus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231251. [PMID: 32287300 PMCID: PMC7156039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor residual spraying is proposed for the control of exophilic mosquitoes. However, the residual effect of insecticide mists applied to outdoor resting habitats of mosquitoes is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to assess the longevity of the residual insecticidal effect of three pyrethroid formulations applied to outdoor vegetation against the Southeast Asian malaria vector Anopheles dirus. Lambda-cyhalothrin capsule suspension, deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate and bifenthrin wettable powder were sprayed on dense bamboo bushes on the Thailand-Myanmar border during the dry season 2018. The duration and magnitude of the residual insecticidal effect were assessed weekly with a standard cone assay, using freshly collected insecticide-treated bamboo leaves and a laboratory-adapted colony of Anopheles dirus sensu stricto susceptible to pyrethroids. The experiment was repeated during the rainy season to assess the persistence of the lambda-cyhalothrin formulation after natural rains and artificial washings. During the dry season (cumulative rainfall = 28 mm in 111 days), mortality and knockdown (KD) rates were >80% for 60 days with bifenthrin and 90 days with lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin. The 50% knockdown time (TKD50) was <15 min with lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin, and <30 min with bifenthrin. During the rainy season (cumulative rainfall = 465 mm in 51 days), mortality and KD rates were >80% for 42 days and TKD50 was <15 min with lambda-cyhalothrin. Additional artificial washing of the testing material with 10L of tap water before performing the cone tests had no significant effect on the residual insecticidal effect of this formulation. Long-lasting residual insecticidal effect can be obtained when spraying pyrethroid insecticides on the outdoor resting habitats of malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chaumeau
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Praphan Wisisakun
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Sawasdichai
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Prasan Kankew
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Gay Nay Htoo
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Somsak Saithanmettajit
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Sarang Aryalamloed
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Naw Yu Lee
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Gilles Delmas
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
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Nazir A, Iqbal J, Iqbal M, Abbas M, Nisar N. Method validation for bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate and uncertainty calculation using gas chromatographic approach. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bifenthrin is the third-generation synthetic pyrethroid insecticide having an effective control on the pest of cotton, vegetable, and fruits. This study is focused on the validation of the test procedure for the quantitative determination of bifenthrin contents in the emulsifiable concentrate and measurement of uncertainty. The purpose of this validation procedure is to demonstrate that it is suitable for the intended use. This was determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (FID). The estimation was carried out on Shimadzu GC equipped with TRB-5 (95% dimethyl, 5% diphenyl polysiloxane) column using a nitrogen carrier gas.
Results
Different parameters of validation (precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity, selectivity, and robustness) were executed. All steps of method validation were performed, and its uncertainty is determined. The method is simple, selective, accurate, precise, cost-effective, and suitable. The validation parameters are based on harmonized guidelines on the validation of the analytical test method.
Conclusions
Pesticide formulation bodies can use this method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of bifenthrin different formulations. These data verify that the method is validated, and all results are in an acceptable limit. The method is developed on GC. Moreover, the analysis time is also short as compared to that of HPLC. The developed method is simple reliable and has a realistic approach.
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Chatha SAS, Asgher M, Asgher R, Hussain AI, Iqbal Y, Hussain SM, Bilal M, Saleem F, Iqbal HMN. Environmentally responsive and anti-bugs textile finishes - Recent trends, challenges, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:667-682. [PMID: 31301507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bugs, such as microorganisms and insects, are present in the environment and sometimes can be health-hazardous if the living environment is not maintained following proper hygienic regulations. In the present scenario of increasing public awareness, environmental consciousness, and growing demand for easy-care, and disinfected textiles, the manufacturing of protective and easy-to-care textiles has become a key necessity of the modern world. Comfortable, clean, hygienic, antimicrobial, and insect repelling properties of textile goods are gaining the accelerating research momentum as a basic requirement to produce multifunctional textiles. These functional finishes have numerous applications such as in-home textiles, bed nets, and tenting, camping gear as well as in military uniforms. Synthetic antimicrobial and insect repellents are quite effective against insects and microscopic organisms but are slightly toxic to the human being and the environment. To overcome these problems, researchers are considering natural agents for functional finishes, but their effectiveness is less durable to textile material. Besides needful advantages, the excessive use of dyes in finishing processes heavily required washing cycles and ultimately release various types of hazardous dyes or wasteful effluents in the environment. This review reports the chemical composition and recent developments in textile finishes, particularly antimicrobial and insect repellent textile finishes. A large number of commonly used antimicrobial agents (i.e. chitosan, zwitterionic compounds, silver and silver-based compounds, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, imidazolium salts, triclosan and quaternary ammonium salts) and insect repellent textile finishes (i.e. N‑N‑diethyl‑m‑toluamide, permethrin, cypermethrin, pyrethrum, picaridin, bioallethrin, citriodiol and essential oils) have been presented. Finally, the review is wrapped up with major research gaps/challenges, concluding remarks, and future opportunities in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Asgher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabbia Asgher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Faizan Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico.
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Thanispong K, Sathantriphop S, Tisgratog R, Tainchum K, Sukkanon C, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T. Optimal Discriminating Concentrations of Six Synthetic Pyrethroids for Monitoring Insecticide Susceptibility in Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae), a Primary Malaria Vector in Thailand. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2375-2382. [PMID: 29992231 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious mosquito-borne disease transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquitoes. Seven species of Anopheles are important malaria vectors in Thailand and all remain susceptible to pyrethroid insecticides, despite decades of use in public health mosquito control programs. However, for a more refined and accurate approach to temporal monitoring of susceptibility patterns to commonly used pyrethroids to control adult Anopheles mosquitoes, it is preferred to have specific concentrations for more discriminating testing. A laboratory strain of Anopheles minimus Theobald was used to establish baseline concentrations for susceptibility to six different synthetic pyrethroids-deltamethrin, permethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin using the World Health Organization (WHO) adult bioassay system. Final discriminating concentrations of each active ingredient were determined based on doubling LC99 for each chemical to arrive at the following percent concentrations: deltamethrin (0.009%), permethrin (0.551%), bifenthrin (0.12%), cypermethrin (0.104%), α-cypermethrin (0.034%), and λ-cyhalothrin (0.019%). For permethrin, deltamethrin, α-cypermethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin, all revised percentages were lower than currently recommended discriminating concentrations by WHO. Using the newly derived concentrations, insecticide susceptibility tests were followed in a field population of An. minimus s.l. from Kanchanaburi Province. Deltamethrin, bifenthrin, and λ-cyhalothrin produced 100% kill, whereas permethrin, cypermethrin, and α-cypermethrin gave between 92.9 and 97.7% mortality, indicating lower sensitivity (tolerance). Routine monitoring of insecticide susceptibility in An. minimus wild populations throughout Thailand should continue to ensure that insecticides in use are effective to control this vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanutcharee Thanispong
- Department of Disease Control, Bureau of Vector-Borne Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Sunaiyana Sathantriphop
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Rungarun Tisgratog
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Krajana Tainchum
- Department of Pest Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Public Health and Malaria Control Department, PT. Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua 99920, Indonesia
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Molecular Mechanism and Genetic Determinants of Buprofezin Degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00868-17. [PMID: 28710269 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00868-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Buprofezin is a widely used insect growth regulator whose residue has been frequently detected in the environment, posing a threat to aquatic organisms and nontarget insects. Microorganisms play an important role in the degradation of buprofezin in the natural environment. However, the relevant catabolic pathway has not been fully characterized, and the molecular mechanism of catabolism is still completely unknown. Rhodococcus qingshengii YL-1 can utilize buprofezin as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth. In this study, the upstream catabolic pathway in strain YL-1 was identified using tandem mass spectrometry. Buprofezin is composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic ring. The degradation is initiated by the dihydroxylation of the benzene ring and continues via dehydrogenation, aromatic ring cleavage, breaking of an amide bond, and the release of the heterocyclic ring 2-tert-butylimino-3-isopropyl-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one (2-BI). A buprofezin degradation-deficient mutant strain YL-0 was isolated. A comparative genomic analysis combined with gene deletion and complementation experiments revealed that the gene cluster bfzBA3A4A1A2C is responsible for the upstream catabolic pathway of buprofezin. The bfzA3A4A1A2 cluster encodes a novel Rieske nonheme iron oxygenase (RHO) system that is responsible for the dihydroxylation of buprofezin at the benzene ring; bfzB is involved in dehydrogenation, and bfzC is in charge of benzene ring cleavage. Furthermore, the products of bfzBA3A4A1A2C can also catalyze dihydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and aromatic ring cleavage of biphenyl, flavanone, flavone, and bifenthrin. In addition, a transcriptional study revealed that bfzBA3A4A1A2C is organized in one transcriptional unit that is constitutively expressed in strain YL-1.IMPORTANCE There is an increasing concern about the residue and environmental fate of buprofezin. Microbial metabolism is an important mechanism responsible for the buprofezin degradation in the natural environment. However, the molecular mechanism and genetic determinants of microbial degradation of buprofezin have not been well identified. This work revealed that gene cluster bfzBA3A4A1A2C is responsible for the upstream catabolic pathway of buprofezin in Rhodococcus qingshengii YL-1. The products of bfzBA3A4A1A2C could also degrade bifenthrin, a widely used pyrethroid insecticide. These findings enhance our understanding of the microbial degradation mechanism of buprofezin and benefit the application of strain YL-1 and bfzBA3A4A1A2C in the bioremediation of buprofezin contamination.
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Fernández MDM, Colomer I, Medina P, Fereres A, Del Estal P, Viñuela E. Efficacy of a long-lasting bifenthrin-treated net against horticultural pests and its compatibility with the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1689-1697. [PMID: 28066972 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have been investigated recently for their use in agriculture. Depending on the insecticide, the hole size and the way they are produced, these nets can target different pests and therefore they could be interesting options for use in integrated pest management (IPM). As the information on their compatibility with beneficial fauna is practically negligible, in this work we have tested the compatibility of an experimental bifenthrin long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLITN) with Amblyseius swirskii and Eretmocerus mundus, important natural enemies of whiteflies and thrips, under laboratory, semi-field and commercial greenhouse conditions. RESULTS In the laboratory, the treated net was very deleterious to adults of both natural enemies, after 72 h exposure. However, in choice tests with Y-tubes, both natural enemies were neither attracted nor repelled by the treated net and no short-term mortality was detected in individuals that had crossed it. No deleterious effects on the E. mundus beneficial capacity were detected in semi-field trials. In field trials, the LLITN proved to be compatible with A. swirskii while decreasing pest densities. CONCLUSIONS Bifenthrin LLITN studied could be a valuable method for reducing pest population infestations in IPM programmes while being compatible with biocontrol agents. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Fernández
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Colomer
- Department of Rural Engineering, University of Almería (UAL), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), CSIC, Serrano 115 Dpdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Del Estal
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems
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Alam M, Waqas Sumra M, Ahmad D, Shah RM, Binyameen M, Ali Shad S. Selection, Realized Heritability, and Fitness Cost Associated With Dimethoate Resistance in a Field Population of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1252-1258. [PMID: 28334254 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are known to be vectors of numerous diseases leading to human morbidity and mortality at large scale in the world. Insecticide resistance has become a serious concern in controlling the insect vectors of public health importance. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide used to control different insect pests including mosquitoes. Biological parameters of susceptible, unselected, and dimethoate-selected strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say were studied in the laboratory to recognize resistance development potential and associated fitness cost. The dimethoate-selected strain showed 66.48-fold resistance to dimethoate compared with the susceptible strain after three continuous selections of generations. Realized heritability estimates of dimethoate resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus yielded a value of 0.19. In dimethoate-selected strain, the biological traits including larval weight, survival from first instar to pupae, fecundity, number of next-generation larvae, relative fitness, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and biotic potential were significantly reduced as compared with the unselected strain. However, adult longevity, mean relative growth rate, weight of egg raft, female ratio, pupal duration, and emergence rate of the dimethoate-selected strain did not differ significantly compared with that of the unselected strain. This study provides useful information to devise retrospective management strategy for dimethoate resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Alam
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Muhammad Waqas Sumra
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Daniyal Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Rizwan Mustafa Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan ( ; ; ; ; ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Muhammad Binyameen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan ( ; ; ; ; ; )
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, Czech Republic
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (; ; ; ; ; )
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Han ZY, Wu WY, Chen FL, Guan XL, Fu XH, Jiang P, Wan R. Design, synthesis, crystal structure and insecticidal evaluation of novel arylpyrazole derivatives containing cyhalothroyl thiourea moiety. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1292272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yuan Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Li Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Lin Guan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Huan Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Isaacs AT, Lynd A, Donnelly MJ. Insecticide-induced leg loss does not eliminate biting and reproduction in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46674. [PMID: 28440300 PMCID: PMC5404223 DOI: 10.1038/srep46674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent successes in malaria control have been largely attributable to the deployment of insecticide-based vector control tools such as bed nets and indoor residual spraying. Pyrethroid-treated bed nets are acutely neurotoxic to mosquitoes, inducing symptoms such as loss of coordination, paralysis, and violent spasms. One result of pyrethroid exposure often seen in laboratory tests is mosquito leg loss, a condition that has thus far been assumed to equate to mortality, as females are not expected to blood feed. However, whilst limb loss is unlikely to be adaptive, females with missing limbs may play a role in the propagation of both their species and pathogens. To test the hypothesis that leg loss inhibits mosquitoes from biting and reproducing, mosquitoes with one, two, or six legs were evaluated for their success in feeding upon a human. These experiments demonstrated that insecticide-induced leg loss had no significant effect upon blood feeding or egg laying success. We conclude that studies of pyrethroid efficacy should not discount mosquitoes that survive insecticide exposure with fewer than six legs, as they may still be capable of biting humans, reproducing, and contributing to malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison T Isaacs
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Lynd
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin J Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Effective Subcritical Butane Extraction of Bifenthrin Residue in Black Tea. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040560. [PMID: 28358319 PMCID: PMC6154673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural and healthy beverage, tea is widely enjoyed; however, the pesticide residues in tea leaves affect the quality and food safety. To develop a highly selective and efficient method for the facile removal of pesticide residues, the subcritical butane extraction (SBE) technique was employed, and three variables involving temperature, time and extraction cycles were studied. The optimum SBE conditions were found to be as follows: extraction temperature 45 °C, extraction time 30 min, number of extraction cycles 1, and in such a condition that the extraction efficiency reached as high as 92%. Further, the catechins, theanine, caffeine and aroma components, which determine the quality of the tea, fluctuated after SBE treatment. Compared with the uncrushed leaves, pesticide residues can more easily be removed from crushed leaves, and the practical extraction efficiency was 97%. These results indicate that SBE is a useful method to efficiently remove the bifenthrin, and as appearance is not relevant in the production process, tea leaves should first be crushed and then extracted in order that residual pesticides are thoroughly removed.
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Soko W, Chimbari MJ, Mukaratirwa S. Insecticide resistance in malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in Zimbabwe: a review. Infect Dis Poverty 2015; 4:46. [PMID: 26497808 PMCID: PMC4620648 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-015-0076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a global public health problem, with about 3.2 billion people at risk of infection. The populations at risk mainly reside in Africa, Asia and America, with African populations accounting for the largest burden of the disease. In 2013, close to 198 million malaria cases were reported, leading to 584,000 deaths. Much (90 %) of the mortality rates were recorded from the World Health Organization (WHO) database in the African region and 78 % of these occurred in children under the age of five. In Zimbabwe, approximately half of the population is at risk of infection with malaria.Insecticide residual spraying (IRS) has been documented as an effective way to control malaria and has been adopted globally by the WHO and national governments. However, both insecticide resistance and climate change threaten to reverse the progress made by IRS in malaria control. Resistance has been reported in all four classes of insecticides approved by the WHO for vector control intervention. Variability of environmental temperature is suspected to complicate the situation through alteration in the genetic structure, and enzyme and protein profiles of mosquitoes. In Zimbabwe, little research has been done on the interaction between climate change, temperature variability and insecticide resistance in malarial mosquitoes over time. Such information is important for informing policies on insecticide selection for IRS.We reviewed literature on insecticide sensitivity among malarial mosquitoes in Zimbabwe from 1972 to 2014. International peer-reviewed articles on insecticide sensitivity in Zimbabwe, published in English in this time period, were searched using MEDLINE® (PubMed), Google Scholar, Google and grey literature. Eight publications were eligible for the present study, with one of the articles being a review paper. Six articles covered insecticide resistance, while the other two articles, published in 2000, were about the absence of resistance. Contradicting resistance results were reported in 2014.The insecticide sensitivity status and distribution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes are still under debate in Zimbabwe, as studies report differing results. The resistance trend in Zimbabwe is characterised by fluctuations in the status of the sensitivity of existing insecticides. Inconsistencies in data collection methods may be responsible for the inconsistencies in the results. None of the studies have determined a link between climate/temperature variability and insecticide resistance as yet. The current insecticide sensitivity status of mosquitoes still needs to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- White Soko
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
- Ministry of Health and Child Care, National Institute of Health Research, P.O. Box CY 573, Causeway, Zimbabwe.
| | - Moses J Chimbari
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Dáder B, Legarrea S, Moreno A, Plaza M, Carmo-Sousa M, Amor F, Viñuela E, Fereres A. Control of insect vectors and plant viruses in protected crops by novel pyrethroid-treated nets. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:1397-1406. [PMID: 25404196 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLITNs) constitute a novel alternative that combines physical and chemical tactics to prevent insect access and the spread of insect-transmitted plant viruses in protected enclosures. This approach is based on a slow-release insecticide-treated net with large hole sizes that allow improved ventilation of greenhouses. The efficacy of a wide range of LLITNs was tested under laboratory conditions against Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci. Two nets were selected for field tests under a high insect infestation pressure in the presence of plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus. The efficacy of Aphidius colemani, a parasitoid commonly used for biological control of aphids, was studied in parallel field experiments. RESULTS LLITNs produced high mortality of aphids, although their efficacy decreased over time with sun exposure. Certain nets excluded whiteflies under laboratory conditions; however, they failed in the field. Nets effectively blocked the invasion of aphids and reduced the incidence of viruses in the field. The parasitoid A. colemani was compatible with LLITNs. CONCLUSION LLITNs of appropriate mesh size can become a very valuable tool in combination with biocontrol agents for additional protection against insect vectors of plant viruses under IPM programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dáder
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saioa Legarrea
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Moreno
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Plaza
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Carmo-Sousa
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Amor
- Protección de Cultivos, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Protección de Cultivos, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain
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Reid WR, Thornton A, Pridgeon JW, Becnel JJ, Tang F, Estep A, Clark GG, Allan S, Liu N. Transcriptional analysis of four family 4 P450s in a Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) compared with an Orlando strain and their possible functional roles in permethrin resistance. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 51:605-615. [PMID: 24897853 DOI: 10.1603/me13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A field strain of Aedes aegypti (L.) was collected from Puerto Rico in October 2008. Based on LD50 values by topical application, the Puerto Rico strain was 73-fold resistant to permethrin compared with a susceptible Orlando strain. In the presence of piperonyl butoxide, the resistance of Puerto Rico strain of Ae. aegypti was reduced to 15-fold, suggesting that cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification is involved in the resistance of the Puerto Rico strain to permethrin. To determine the cytochrome P450s that might play a role in the resistance to permethrin, the transcriptional levels of 164 cytochrome P450 genes in the Puerto Rico strain were compared with that in the Orlando strain. Of the 164 cytochrome P450s, 33 were significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated, including cytochrome P450s in families four, six, and nine. Multiple studies have investigated the functionality of family six and nine cytochrome P450s, therefore, we focused on the up-regulated family 4 cytochrome P450s. To determine whether up-regulation of the four cytochrome P450s had any functional role in permethrin resistance, transgenic Drosophila melanogaster Meigen lines overexpressing the four family 4 P450 genes were generated, and their ability to survive exposure to permethrin was evaluated. When exposed to 5 microg per vial permethrin, transgenic D. melanogaster expressing CYP4D24, CYP4H29, CYP4J15v1, and CYP4H33 had a survival rate of 60.0 +/- 6.7, 29.0 +/- 4.4, 64.4 +/- 9.7, and 11.0 +/- 4.4%, respectively. However, none of the control flies survived the permethrin exposure at the same concentration. Similarly, none of the transgenic D. melanogaster expressing CYP4J15v1 or CYP4H33 ?5 survived when they were exposed to permethrin at 10 microg per vial. However, transgenic D. melanogaster expressing CYP4D24 and CYP4H29 had a survival rate of 37.8 +/- 4.4 and 2.2 +/- 2.2%, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that CYP4D24 might play an important role in cytochrome P450-mediated resistance to permethrin.
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Hebeish A, EL-Sawy S, M.Ragaei, Hamdy I, El-Bisi M, Abdel-Mohdy F. New textiles of biocidal activity by introduce insecticide in cotton-poly (GMA) copolymer containing β-Cd. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:208-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xu L, Wu M, Han Z. Overexpression of multiple detoxification genes in deltamethrin resistant Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79443. [PMID: 24324548 PMCID: PMC3855578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), is one of the major rice pests in Asia and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. Understanding resistance mechanisms is essential to the management of this pest. Biochemical and molecular assays were performed in this study to systematically characterize deltamethrin resistance mechanisms with laboratory-selected resistant and susceptible strains of SBPH. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Deltamethrin resistant strains of SBPH (JH-del) were derived from a field population by continuously selections (up to 30 generations) in the laboratory, while a susceptible strain (JHS) was obtained from the same population by removing insecticide pressure for 30 generations. The role of detoxification enzymes in the resistance was investigated using synergism and enzyme activity assays with strains of different resistant levels. Furthermore, 71 cytochrome P450, 93 esterases and 12 glutathione-S-transferases cDNAs were cloned based on transcriptome data of a field collected population. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR screening analysis of 176 identified detoxification genes demonstrated that multiple P450 and esterase genes were overexpressed (>2-fold) in JH-del strains (G4 and G30) when compared to that in JHS, and the results of quantitative PCR coincided with the semi-quantitative RT-PCR results. Target mutation at IIS3-IIS6 regions encoded by the voltage-gated sodium channel gene was ruled out for conferring the observed resistance. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE As the first attempt to discover genes potentially involved in SBPH pyrethroid resistance, this study putatively identified several candidate genes of detoxification enzymes that were significantly overexpressed in the resistant strain, which matched the synergism and enzyme activity testing. The biochemical and molecular evidences suggest that the high level pyrethroid resistance in L. striatellus could be due to enhanced detoxification rather than target insensitivity. The findings lay a solid ground for further resistance mechanism elucidation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaojun Han
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Tananchai C, Tisgratog R, Grieco JP, Chareonviriyaphap T. Pyrethroid induced behavioral responses of Anopheles dirus, a vector of malaria in Thailand. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2012; 37:187-196. [PMID: 22548553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Contact and noncontact behavioral actions of wild-caught Anopheles dirus in response to the operational field dose of three synthetic pyrethroids (bifenthrin, α-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) were evaluated using an exito-repellency test chamber. DEET was used as the repellency standard for comparison with the other three synthetic pyrethroids. Results showed that test specimens rapidly escaped from the test chamber when exposed to direct contact with a surface treated with each of the three synthetic pyrethroids and DEET. Alpha-cypermethrin demonstrated the strongest irritant action (84.9% escape), followed by DEET (77.0%), λ-cyhalothrin (68.6%) and bifenthrin (68.3%). In the noncontact configuration, fewer mosquitoes escaped from the test chambers as compared to contact trials, although a significant escape response was still observed as compared to the controls (P<0.05). We conclude that An. dirus exhibits both irritant and repellent actions in response the three pyrethroids testing in this study. The information obtained will allow us to better understand the behavioral responses of vectors to various chemicals and provide guidance when designing control strategies for targeting specific disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Tananchai
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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Kongmee M, Boonyuan W, Achee NL, Prabaripai A, Lerdthusnee K, Chareonviriyaphap T. Irritant and repellent responses of Anopheles harrisoni and Anopheles minimus upon exposure to bifenthrin or deltamethrin using an excito-repellency system and a live host. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2012; 28:20-29. [PMID: 22533080 DOI: 10.2987/11-6197.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Feeding responses of Anopheles harrisoni and An. minimus were evaluated following exposure to 2 pyrethroid insecticides, bifenthrin or deltamethrin, using an excito-repellency test system in the presence and absence of live host cues. The results demonstrated that contact irritancy was the primary action of bifenthrin or deltamethrin in both mosquito species. There was no noncontact repellency effect elicited by either insecticide. Anopheles minimus showed rapid escape response with high mortality rates following direct contact with deltamethrin in the absence of a host and delayed escape responses when a host was present. Similarly, exposure of An. minimus to bifenthrin also elicited a delayed escape response in the presence of a host but with lower mortality rates. In experiments using An. harrisoni, the presence or absence of a host had no significant effect on behavioral responses to either insecticide (P > 0.05). We conclude that deltamethrin elicited stronger irritant chemical effects than bifenthrin but that behavioral responses in vector populations are dampened in the presence of an available host. This information is useful for estimating probability of pathogen transmission when using irritant chemicals in proximity to a blood-meal source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthathip Kongmee
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Etang J, Nwane P, Mbida JA, Piameu M, Manga B, Souop D, Awono-Ambene P. Variations of insecticide residual bio-efficacy on different types of walls: results from a community-based trial in south Cameroon. Malar J 2011; 10:333. [PMID: 22047173 PMCID: PMC3233609 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of residual activity of insecticides is essential information for the selection of appropriate indoor spraying operation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the residual effect of three candidate insecticide formulations on different indoor surfaces in order to guide future interventions, in the context of Cameroon and other African countries. METHODS The study was conducted in the Ntougou neighbourhood in Yaoundé (capital city of Cameroon). Bendiocarb WP, lambda-cyhalothrin CS and deltamethrin WG were sprayed on the indoor wall surfaces of local cement, wood and mud houses. Their effects on the knockdown and mortality of the Kisumu susceptible strain of Anopheles gambiae s.s were assessed each month from March to September 2009, using the WHO plastic cones test. Knockdown and mortality rates were compared between different surfaces using Chi-square test. A Kaplan-Meir model was used to estimate the time of treatment failure. RESULTS With bendiocarb WP, the knockdown rates were frequently above 98% during 13 weeks after spraying, except on mud walls where it significantly decreased at the 13th week (P < 0.05). With lambda cyhalothrin CS, the knockdown rates remained 100% on wood surfaces during the 26 weeks trial. However, it significantly decreased on concrete and mud surfaces from the 11th (83%) and the 20th (88%) weeks respectively (P < 0.05). With deltamethrin WG, it remained high on concrete surfaces during 26 weeks (> 98%); while it varied between 60 and 100% on wood or mud surfaces. The survival estimates of bendiocarb WP treatments remaining effective in killing An. gambiae s.s. (mortality rate ≥ 80%) was > 13 weeks on cement and wood surfaces and 13 weeks on mud surfaces. Those of lambda-cyhalothrin CS were > 26 weeks on wood surfaces, and 20 weeks on concrete and mud surfaces. By contrast, those of deltamethrin WG were 26 weeks on concrete, 20 weeks on mud surfaces and 15 weeks on wood surfaces. CONCLUSION Current data suggest variable durations of spray cycles for each product, according to the type of wall surfaces, highlighting the importance of testing candidate products in local context before using them in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Etang
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale, PO Box 288 Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Multimodal pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. in western Kenya. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22574. [PMID: 21853038 PMCID: PMC3154902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. are the most important species for malaria transmission. Pyrethroid resistance of these vector mosquitoes is one of the main obstacles against effective vector control. The objective of the present study was to monitor the pyrethroid susceptibility in the 3 major malaria vectors in a highly malaria endemic area in western Kenya and to elucidate the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in these species. Gembe East and West, Mbita Division, and 4 main western islands in the Suba district of the Nyanza province in western Kenya were used as the study area. Larval and adult collection and bioassay were conducted, as well as the detection of point mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (1014L) by using direct DNA sequencing. A high level of pyrethroid resistance caused by the high frequency of point mutations (L1014S) was detected in An. gambiae s.s. In contrast, P450-related pyrethroid resistance seemed to be widespread in both An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. Not a single L1014S mutation was detected in these 2 species. A lack of cross-resistance between DDT and permethrin was also found in An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s., while An. gambiae s.s. was resistant to both insecticides. It is noteworthy that the above species in the same area are found to be resistant to pyrethroids by their unique resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, it is interesting that 2 different resistance mechanisms have developed in the 2 sibling species in the same area individually. The cross resistance between permethrin and DDT in An. gambiae s.s. may be attributed to the high frequency of kdr mutation, which might be selected by the frequent exposure to ITNs. Similarly, the metabolic pyrethroid resistance in An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. is thought to develop without strong selection by DDT.
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Lu X, Hu F, Ma Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhao M. The role of oxidative stress in enantiomer-specific, bifenthrin-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:271-278. [PMID: 19950221 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), the various toxic effects of these compounds have attracted much interest with respect to the investigation of involved mechanisms. However, research on molecular mechanisms of enantioselective toxicity of SPs has been limited. Our previous investigations suggested that enantiomers of cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) behaved enantioselectively in endocrine disruption and mammalian cytotoxicity. While little is known about the molecular mechanism of the enantioselective toxicity of cis-BF, recent experiments implicated oxidative stress in the cytotoxicity of many SPs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether cis-BF enantioselectively induced oxidative stress lead to enantioselective cytotoxicity. In this article, we used the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line as an in vitro model to evaluate the involvement of the oxidative stress pathway in enantioselective cytotoxicity of cis-BF. Following exposure of cells to cis-BF and its enantiomers, a significant reduction in cell survival and superoxide dimutase, as well as increased production of lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, was observed in 1S-cis-BF, while 1R-cis-BF exhibited these effects to a lesser degree. These results clearly demonstrated that enantiomer-specific cis-BF-induced oxidative damage is possibly an initiating event and contributes, at least in part, to the mechanism of cis-BF-induced enantioselective cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our study also indicated that enantioselectivity should be considered when evaluating the ecotoxicological effects and the health risks of chiral contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianting Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Dutta P, Khan SA, Khan AM, Borah J, Sarmah CK, Mahanta J. The effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITMNs) on Japanese encephalitis virus seroconversion in pigs and humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 84:466-72. [PMID: 21363988 PMCID: PMC3042826 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITMNs) on Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus seroconversion in pigs and humans was studied in Assam, Northeast India. A sharp reduction of seroconversion rate in human and pig was found in treated localities after intervention. A marked reduction was achieved in humans (risk ratio [RR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16-0.49) and pigs (RR = 0.21, CI = 0.11-0.40) in the Kollolua locality where ITMNs were used on both humans and pigs compared with the other two area, Athabari and Rajmai, where ITMNs were covering only either humans or pigs. Monitoring of the mosquito population in and around cattle sheds during dusk revealed no significant decline (P > 0.05) of vector density during the post-intervention period in study localities. In spite of the high preponderance of potential JE vector outdoors during the post-intervention period, an encouraging line of defense against circulation of JE virus through the use of ITMNs can be achieved in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Dutta
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Division of Entomology and Filariasis, North East Region, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
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Guan YQ, Chen JM, Li ZB, Feng QL, Liu JM. Immobilisation of bifenthrin for termite control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011; 67:244-251. [PMID: 21104824 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Termites are worldwide pests causing considerable damage to agriculture, forestry and buildings. While various approaches have been tried to eliminate termite populations, the relevant toxicants are associated with certain risks to the environment and human health. RESULTS In this study, to combine the merits of effective chemical control by bifenthrin and a drug photoimmobilisation technique, silk fibroin was used as a carrier to embed bifenthrin, which was then photoactively immobilised by ultraviolet treatment on the surface of wood (cellulose). The immobilised bifenthrin embedded in the photoactive silk fibroin was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV), fluorescence measurement and CHN analysis. The surface structures and biological activity were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and bioassays respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the embedded and immobilised bifenthrin has been very well protected from free release and has a long-term stability allowing slow release with a high efficiency against termites at a low dose of 1.25 µg cm(-2). This study provides a novel and environmentally benign technique for termite control by photoimmobilising silk-fibroin-embedded bifenthrin on the surface of materials that are otherwise easily attacked by termites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Guan
- School of Life Science and MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Velisek J, Svobodova Z, Machova J. Effects of bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2009; 35:583-590. [PMID: 18766454 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bifenthrin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The 96-h LC50 value of Talstar EC 10 (active substance 100 g l(-1) bifenthrin) was found to be 57.5 microg l(-1). Examination of haematological and biochemical profiles and histological tissue examination was performed on common carp after 96 h of exposure to Talstar EC 10 (57.5 microg l(-1)). The experimental group showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) values of plasma glucose, ammonia, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase as well as the relative and absolute monocyte count, compared with the control group. Histological examination revealed teleangioectasiae of secondary gill lamellae and degeneration of hepatocytes. The bifenthrin-based Talstar EC 10 pesticide preparation was classified as a substance strongly toxic for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Velisek
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology Vodnany, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
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Bioallethrin – Based Cotton Finishing to Impart Long – Lasting Toxic Activity Against Mosquitoes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1108/rjta-13-01-2009-b003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Frances SP, Huggins RL, Cooper RD. Evaluation of the inhibition of egg laying, larvicidal effects, and bloodfeeding success of Aedes aegypti exposed to permethrin- and bifenthrin-treated military tent fabric. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2008; 24:598-600. [PMID: 19181073 DOI: 10.2987/08-5797.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of treating military canvas tent fabric with bifenthrin and permethrin on the survival of the eggs and larvae of Aedes aegypti. Gravid female Ae. aegypti were able to oviposit on tent canvas treated with either bifenthrin or permethrin. However, none of the eggs laid on treated canvas hatched, and no larvae added to water in treated trays survived. Low residual concentrations of bifenthrin and permethrin on treated canvas prevented the development of eggs and larvae of Ae. aegypti. Inhibition of bloodfeeding was shown when Ae. aegypti adults were exposed to lower concentrations (10-50% of operational concentrations) of bifenthrin- and permethrin-treated canvas tent fabric. These experiments have shown that military tent canvas treated with either bifenthrin or permethrin can reduce the development of Ae. aegypti eggs and larvae and reduce bloodfeeding success of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Frances
- Australian Army Malaria Institute, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Queensland 4051, Australia
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Adasi K, Hemingway J. Susceptibility to three pyrethroids and detection of knockdown resistance mutation in Ghanaian Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2008; 33:255-262. [PMID: 19263844 DOI: 10.3376/1081-1710-33.2.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although insecticides play a crucial role in malaria control programs, this strategy is threatened by the development of resistance in the vectors to commonly used public health insecticides. Due to their known efficacy and lower toxicity to humans and non-target organisms, pyrethroids have been used in many vector control projects. In West Africa, pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, had been reported in several countries. It was, therefore, imperative to investigate the susceptibility of this very important malaria vector in Ghana and characterize the resistance mechanism. Larvae of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato were collected from rural and urban sites and reared to adults. Species identification was by morphological characteristics, PCR, and HhaI restriction digest. Female mosquitoes that were two to three days old were selected and exposed to World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic doses of three pyrethroids. A susceptible laboratory strain of An. gambiae sensu stricto was used as a reference. Both survivors and dead mosquitoes from bioassays were screened for the knockdown resistance mutation. An. gambiae sensu stricto was the only sibling species of the complex present in these localities with the molecular S form being predominant (>95%). Resistance to pyrethroids up to 8.5 fold was observed, with very high kdr frequency. The relative ease in using molecular techniques has resulted in rapid detection of ostensible insecticide resistance genes in malaria vectors. However, it is even more important to complement these molecular tools with routine insecticide testing in the field, especially if the insecticides are earmarked for public health use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Adasi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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McGinn D, Frances SP, Sweeney AW, Brown MD, Cooper RD. Evaluation of Bistar 80SC (bifenthrin) as a tent treatment for protection against mosquitoes in Northern Territory, Australia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2008; 45:1087-1091. [PMID: 19058633 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[1087:eobsba]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A field trial to assess the efficacy of Bistar 80 SC as a barrier treatment of Australian military tents was conducted over 10 d at Mount Bundey Military Training Area, Northern Territory, Australia, in March 2003. Four pairs of standard eight-person tents were erected, with a single tent in each pair treated with 0.1% Bistar 80 SC as a course spray, and the remainder left as untreated control tents. Carbon dioxide-baited traps were operated in each tent nightly, and biting collections conducted over 8 nights. There was a mean increase in protection of 81% for mosquitoes entering treated tents and 90.4% increase in protection against biting of predominantly Culex annulirostris Skuse. In addition, bifenthrin applied to the military tents enhances the protection of occupants against bites from this important arbovirus vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McGinn
- Griffith University, School of Public Health, Queensland, 4074, Australia
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Repellency of controlled-release treated cotton fabrics based on cypermethrin and prallethrin. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Frances SP. Evaluation of bifenthrin and permethrin as barrier treatments for military tents against mosquitoes in Queensland, Australia. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2007; 23:208-12. [PMID: 17847855 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x(2007)23[208:eobapa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A study comparing the effectiveness of barrier treatment of military tents with bifenthrin and permethrin in preventing entry of mosquitoes was conducted at Wide Bay Training Area, Queensland, Australia. Five military tents were erected at a site in bushland at Mosquito Creek, about 2 km from the coast. Two tents were sprayed with bifenthrin (Bistar 80SC, 0.1% mix, 12.5 ml/liter) and 2 with permethrin (Perigen 500, 1.2%, 24 ml/liter). One was left untreated and served as a control. Carbon dioxide-baited traps were placed inside each tent 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk after treatment, and a single trap was placed in forest 50 m from the tents. The predominant mosquito species collected was Aedes vigilax (78% of collection). Compared to the untreated control, protection against mosquitoes entering treated tents was initially 78.6% for bifenthrin-treated tents and 84.3% for permethrin. At 4 wk, protection was 68.6% for bifenthrin and 50.7% for permethrin. After 6 wk, less than 34% protection was provided by either insecticide. There was no significant difference between the protection provided by either insecticide treatment. The study showed that barrier tent treatments provide a reasonable increase in preventing the entry of mosquitoes for at least 4 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Frances
- Australian Army Malaria Institute, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Queensland 4051, Australia
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Williams CR, Ritchie SA, Long SA, Dennison N, Russell RC. Impact of a bifenthrin-treated lethal ovitrap on Aedes aegypti oviposition and mortality in north Queensland, Australia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2007; 44:256-62. [PMID: 17427694 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[256:ioablo]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lethal ovitraps (LOs) containing an insecticide-treated ovistrip are used as a lure-and-kill device for the container-breeding dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (L.). We aimed to affirm that the pyrethroid bifenthrin could be used effectively in LOs against Ae. aegypti in north Queensland, Australia, by quantifying oviposition in and mortality caused by LOs. Small cage experiments in which individual gravid Ae. aegypti were given a choice of LOs and untreated ovitraps revealed that although LOs were less acceptable for oviposition, they provided an average 64.6% adjusted mortality. Although 92% of mosquitoes ovipositing in LOs died, 61.8% of mosquitoes that visited but did not oviposit in an LO also died, demonstrating that lethal contact occurred without egg laying. The bifenthrin content of strips (approximately 0.1 mg/cm2; 7 mg/strip) did not decrease significantly after 4 wk of field exposure nor did the toxic effect of the LOs. Large cage trials with groups of 10 Ae. aegypti confirmed that bifenthrin-treated LOs provided consistent control (average adjusted mortality 79.7%). Four-week field trials in north Queensland showed that although LOs were acceptable to ovipositing Ae. aegypti (mean time to first egg 10.9 d; mean eggs 47.3), insecticide-free ovitraps were oviposited in more readily (6.8 d, 199 eggs). The number of eggs laid per mosquito in laboratory LOs allowed calculation of the number of Ae. aegypti killed in field-deployed LOs; rapid estimates can be made by simply dividing the number of eggs on the strip by 2.84. Overall, the studies demonstrated that bifenthrin-treated LOs have potential for use as a lure-and-kill device against Ae. aegypti and that they should be effective in the field for at least 4 wk. Given that untreated ovitraps were more acceptable for Ae. aegypti oviposition, the removal of alternative oviposition sites before deployment of LOs in the field should maximize their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Williams
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, P.O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
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Chouaibou M, Simard F, Chandre F, Etang J, Darriet F, Hougard JM. Efficacy of bifenthrin-impregnated bednets against Anopheles funestus and pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae in North Cameroon. Malar J 2006; 5:77. [PMID: 16961938 PMCID: PMC1584243 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-5-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent field studies indicated that insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) maintain their efficacy despite a high frequency of the knock-down resistance (kdr) gene in Anopheles gambiae populations. It was essential to evaluate ITNs efficacy in areas with metabolic-based resistance. METHODS Bifenthrin was used in this experiment because it is considered a promising candidate for bednets impregnation. Nets were treated at 50 mg/m2, a dose that has high insecticidal activity on kdr mosquitoes and at 5 mg/m2, a dose that kills 95% of susceptible mosquitoes under laboratory conditions with 3 minutes exposure. Bednets were holed to mimic physical damage. The trial was conducted in three experimental huts from Pitoa, North-Cameroon where Anopheles gambiae displays metabolic resistance and cohabits with An. funestus. RESULTS Bifenthrin at 50 mg/m2 significantly reduced anophelines' entry rate (>80%). This was not observed at 5 mg/m2. Both treatments increased exophily in An. gambiae, and to a lesser extent in An. funestus. With bifenthrin at high dosage, over 60% reduction in blood feeding and 75-90% mortality rates were observed in both vectors. Despite presence of holes, only a single An. gambiae and two An. funestus females were collected inside the treated net, and all were found dead. The same trends were observed with low dosage bifenthrin though in most cases, no significant difference was found with the untreated control net. CONCLUSION Bifenthrin-impregnated bednets at 50 mg/m2 were efficient in the reduction of human-vector contact in Pitoa. Considerable personal protection was gained against An. funestus and metabolic pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamadou Chouaibou
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR016, Montpellier, France
- Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Frédéric Simard
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR016, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR016, Montpellier, France
| | - Josiane Etang
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Institute of Medical Research and Studies of Medicinal Plants (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Frédéric Darriet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR016, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Hougard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR016, Montpellier, France
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Hemingway J, Hawkes NJ, McCarroll L, Ranson H. The molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 34:653-65. [PMID: 15242706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is an inherited characteristic involving changes in one or more insect gene. The molecular basis of these changes are only now being fully determined, aided by the availability of the Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae genome sequences. This paper reviews what is currently known about insecticide resistance conferred by metabolic or target site changes in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hemingway
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
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Hougard JM, Corbel V, N'Guessan R, Darriet F, Chandre F, Akogbéto M, Baldet T, Guillet P, Carnevale P, Traoré-Lamizana M. Efficacy of mosquito nets treated with insecticide mixtures or mosaics against insecticide resistant Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Côte d'Ivoire. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2003; 93:491-498. [PMID: 14704095 DOI: 10.1079/ber2003261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Only pyrethroid insecticides have so far been recommended for the treatment of mosquito nets for malaria control. Increasing resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroids threatens to reduce the potency of this important method of vector control. Among the strategies proposed for resistance management is to use a pyrethroid and a non-pyrethroid insecticide in combination on the same mosquito net, either separately or as a mixture. Mixtures are particularly promising if there is potentiation between the two insecticides as this would make it possible to lower the dosage of each, as has been demonstrated under laboratory conditions for a mixture of bifenthrin (pyrethroid) and carbosulfan (carbamate). The effect of these types of treatment were compared in experimental huts on wild populations of Anopheles gambiae Giles and the nuisance mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say, both of which are multi-resistant. Four treatments were evaluated in experimental huts over six months: the recommended dosage of 50 mg m(-2) bifenthrin, 300 mg m(-2) carbosulfan, a mosaic of 300 mg m(-2) carbosulfan on the ceiling and 50 mg m(-2) bifenthrin on the sides, and a mixture of 6.25 mg m(-2) carbosulfan and 25 mg m(-2) bifenthrin. The mixture and mosaic treatments did not differ significantly in effectiveness from carbosulfan and bifenthrin alone against anophelines in terms of deterrency, induced exophily, blood feeding inhibition and overall mortality, but were more effective than in earlier tests with deltamethrin. These results are considered encouraging, as the combination of different classes of insecticides might be a potential tool for resistance management. The mixture might have an advantage in terms of lower cost and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hougard
- Vector Control Research Unit (RU016), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles (LIN), 911 Avenue Agropolis, PO Box 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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