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Pan H, Yang X, Romeis J, Siegfried BD, Zhou X. Dietary RNAi toxicity assay exhibits differential responses to ingested dsRNAs among lady beetles. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3606-3614. [PMID: 32400940 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most recently, major federal regulatory agencies deregulated an in planta RNA interference (RNAi) trait against a devastating corn pest, the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, in the United States and Canada. The impact of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) and dietary RNAi to non-target organisms, however, still needs further investigation. In this study, we assessed the potential risks of a Diabrotica virgifera virgifera active dsRNA to a group of predatory biological control agents, including Hippodamia convergens, Harmonia axyridis, Coleomegilla maculata, and Coccinella septempunctata. The overarching hypothesis is that the insecticidal dsRNA targeting Diabrotica virgifera virgifera has no or negligible adverse effect on lady beetles. RESULTS A 400-bp fragment with the highest sequence similarity between target and tested species was selected as the template for dsRNA synthesis. For the dietary RNAi toxicity assay, newly hatched first instar larvae were administered with v-ATPase A dsRNAs designed from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and the four lady beetles, respectively. A dsRNA from β-glucuronidase (GUS), a plant gene, and H2 O were served as the negative controls. The endpoint included both sub-organismal (gene expression), and organismal (survival rate, development time, pupa and adult weight) measurements. The results from dietary RNAi toxicity assay demonstrate significantly impacts of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera-active dsRNAs on lady beetles under the worst-case scenario at both transcriptional and phenotypic level. Interestingly, substantial differences among the four lady beetle species were observed toward the ingested exogenous dsRNAs. CONCLUSION Such differential response to dietary RNAi may shed light on the mechanisms underlying the mode-of-action of RNAi-based biopesticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blair D Siegfried
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Zhao Y, Yun Y, Peng Y. Bacillus thuringiensis protein Vip3Aa does not harm the predator Propylea japonica: A toxicological, histopathological, biochemical and molecular analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110292. [PMID: 32035396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ladybeetle Propylea japonica is a widely distributed natural enemy in many agricultural systems. P. japonica is often used as a test organism for safety assessments of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis crops. Plant varieties expressing the Vip3Aa insecticidal protein are not currently commercially available in China. In this study, protease inhibitor E-64 was used as a positive control to examine the responses of P. japonica larvae to a high concentration of Vip3Aa proteins. Larvae that were fed E-64 had increased mortality and prolonged developmental period, but these parameters were unaffected when larvae were fed Vip3Aa. The epithelial cells of midguts were intact and closely connected with the basal membrane when larvae were fed Vip3Aa, but the epithelial cells degenerated in the E-64 treatment. The activities of antioxidative enzymes and expression levels of detoxification-related genes in P. japonica larvae were not altered after exposure to Vip3Aa; however, these biochemical and molecular parameters were significantly changed in the E-64 treatment. The results demonstrate that Vip3Aa protein is not harmful to the predator P. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yueli Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Zhang S, Luo J, Jiang W, Wu L, Zhang L, Ji J, Wang L, Ma Y, Cui J. Response of the bacterial community of Propylea japonica (Thunberg) to Cry2Ab protein. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113063. [PMID: 31454585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Propylea japonica is a very important predator in agricultural ecosystems, which could be exposed to Bt protein. In this study, the bacterial community of P. japonica fed with normal food and food containing Cry2Ab protein was characterized for the first time using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing approaches. Results showed no effect of Cry2Ab on P. japonica development and reproduction. The most abundant bacterial phylum was Firmicutes, and the most abundant genus was Staphylococcus. The total bacteria copy number was not significantly different across four larval stages. Bacteria species composition was gathered more closely in feed on sucrose solution (sucrose-fed) than in larvae only fed on pea aphid (aphid-fed), the diversity indices of some operational taxonomic unit (OTU) were significantly different between sucrose-fed and aphid-fed samples. Different instar larval stages of P. japonica fed with sucrose solution containing Cry2Ab Bt protein and found no effect on microbial community composition and total bacteria copy numbers. However, effects on relative abundance of microbes, copy numbers of Corynebacterium 1 and Glutamicibacter arilaitensis were observed significantly lower in Bt-fed first and fourth larval stages. Low and high concentrations of Cry2Ab protein altered the microbial abundance relative to sucrose-fed P. japonica and copy numbers of G. arilaitensis and Staphylococcus xylosus were significantly lower in Bt-fed samples than control sucrose-fed. Our results are the first report showing that feeding on Cry2Ab protein does not alter microbial species composition in P. japonica, but effects gene copy number of some dominant bacteria. Further investigations are needed to assess the effect of copy number change on P. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Weili Jiang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Linke Wu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
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Haller S, Meissle M, Romeis J. Establishing a system with Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to assess the non-target effects of gut-active insecticidal compounds. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:1794-1804. [PMID: 27796688 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Potentially adverse effects on ecosystem functioning by the planting of insect-resistant, genetically engineered plants or by the direct application of insecticidal compounds are carefully evaluated in pre-market risk assessments. To date, few studies have assessed the potential risks of genetically engineered crops or insecticidal compounds on the survival and fitness of dipteran species, despite their important contribution to ecosystem services such as decomposition in agricultural systems. Therefore, we propose that Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Drosophilidae) be used as a surrogate species for the order Diptera and for the functional guild of soil arthropod decomposers in pre-market risk assessments. We developed two assays to assess the toxicity of gut-active insecticidal compounds to D. melanogaster. One assay uses groups of fly larvae, and the other uses individuals. Cryolite, a mineral pesticide, proved to be an adequate positive control. The effects of cryolite on D. melanogaster larvae were comparable between the two assays. Statistical power analyses were used to define the number of replications required to identify different effect sizes between control and treatment groups. Finally, avidin, E-64, GNA, and SBTI were used as test compounds to validate the individual-based assay; only avidin adversely affected D. melanogaster. These results indicate that both D. melanogaster assays will be useful for early tier risk assessment concerning the effects of orally active compounds on non-target dipterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Haller
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, 8046, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Meissle
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, 8046, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, 8046, Switzerland.
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A Comprehensive Assessment of the Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab Rice Huahui 1 on Adult Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0142714. [PMID: 26914608 PMCID: PMC4767879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a widely distributed coleoptera predator in southern Asia in rice ecosystem, and adult M. discolor feed on both rice pollen and soft-bodied arthropods. Bitrophic bioassay and tritrophic bioassay were conducted to evaluate the potential impact of Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab-expressing rice Huahui 1 and its non-transgenic counterpart Minghui 63 on fitness parameters of adult M. discolor. The results showed that the survival, and fecundity of this beetle’ adults were not different when they fed on Bt rice or non-Bt rice pollen or Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) reared on Bt rice or non-Bt rice. Toxicity assessment to ensure M. discolor adults were not sensitive to Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac protein independent from the pollen background, M. discolor adults were fed with an artificial diet containing Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab or both protein approximately 10 times higher concentration than in Huahui 1 rice pollen. No difference was detected for any of the life-table parameters tested between Cry protein-containing and pure diet. Artificial diet containing E-64 (N-(trans-Epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucine 4-guanidinobutylamide) was included as a positive control. In contrast, the pre-oviposition and fecundity of M. discolor were significantly adversely affected by feeding on E-64-containing diet. In both bioassays, the uptakes of Cry protein by adult M. discolor were tested by ELISA measurements. These results indicated that adults of M. discolor are not affected by Cry1Ab- or Cry1Ac-expressing rice pollen and are not sensitive to Cry protein at concentrations exceeding the levels in rice pollen in Huahui1. This suggests that M. discolor adults would not be harmed by Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab rice if Bt rice Huahui 1 were commercialized.
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Bt proteins Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab do not affect cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and ladybeetle Propylea japonica. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20368. [PMID: 26829252 PMCID: PMC4734323 DOI: 10.1038/srep20368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant varieties expressing the Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) insecticidal proteins Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab have potential commercialization prospects in China. However, their potential effects on non-target arthropods (NTAs) remain uncharacterized. The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii is a worldwide pest that damages various important crops. The ladybeetle Propylea japonica is a common and abundant natural enemy in many cropping systems in East Asia. In the present study, the effects of Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab proteins on A. gossypii and P. japonica were assessed from three aspects. First, neither of the Cry proteins affected the growth or developmental characteristics of the two test insects. Second, the expression levels of the detoxification-related genes of the two test insects did not change significantly in either Cry protein treatment. Third, neither of the Cry proteins had a favourable effect on the expression of genes associated with the amino acid metabolism of A. gossypii and the nutrition utilization of P. japonica. In conclusion, the Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab proteins do not appear to affect the cotton aphid A. gossypii or the ladybeetle P. japonica.
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Yang C, Preisser EL, Zhang H, Liu Y, Dai L, Pan H, Zhou X. Selection of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Coccinella septempunctata to Assess Un-intended Effects of RNAi Transgenic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1672. [PMID: 27877186 PMCID: PMC5099537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of genetically engineered plants that employ RNA interference (RNAi) to suppress invertebrate pests opens up new avenues for insect control. While this biotechnology shows tremendous promise, the potential for both non-target and off-target impacts, which likely manifest via altered mRNA expression in the exposed organisms, remains a major concern. One powerful tool for the analysis of these un-intended effects is reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a technique for quantifying gene expression using a suite of reference genes for normalization. The seven-spotted ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata, a commonly used predator in both classical and augmentative biological controls, is a model surrogate species used in the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of plant incorporated protectants (PIPs). Here, we assessed the suitability of eight reference gene candidates for the normalization and analysis of C. septempunctata v-ATPase A gene expression under both biotic and abiotic conditions. Five computational tools with distinct algorisms, geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, the ΔCt method, and RefFinder, were used to evaluate the stability of these candidates. As a result, unique sets of reference genes were recommended, respectively, for experiments involving different developmental stages, tissues, and ingested dsRNAs. By providing a foundation for standardized RT-qPCR analysis in C. septempunctata, our work improves the accuracy and replicability of the ERA of PIPs involving RNAi transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural UniversityHunan, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan, China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
| | - Evan L. Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, KingstonRI, USA
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural UniversityHunan, China
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuguo Zhou, Huipeng Pan,
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
- *Correspondence: Xuguo Zhou, Huipeng Pan,
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Li YH, Romeis J, Wu KM, Peng YF. Tier-1 assays for assessing the toxicity of insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered plants to non-target arthropods. INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 21:125-134. [PMID: 23956068 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In assessing an insect-resistant genetically engineered (IRGE) crop before its commercialization, researchers normally use so-called "Tier-1 assays" as the initial step to determine the effects of the crop on non-target organisms. In these tests, the insecticidal proteins (IPs) produced by the IRGEs are added to the diets of test organisms in the laboratory. Test organisms in such assays can be directly exposed to much higher concentrations of the test IPs than they would encounter in the field. The results of Tier-1 assays are thus more conservative than those generated in studies in which the organisms are exposed to the IPs by feeding on IRGE plant tissue or in the case of predators or parasites, by feeding on invertebrate prey or hosts that have fed on IRGE plant tissue. In this report, we consider three important factors that must be considered in Tier-1 assays: (i) methods for delivery of the IP to the test organisms; (ii) the need for and selection of compounds used as positive controls; and (iii) methods for monitoring the concentration, stability and bioactivity of the IP during the assay. We also analyze the existing data from Tier-1 assays regarding the toxicity of Bt Cry proteins to non-target arthropod species. The data indicate that the widely used Bt proteins have no direct toxicity to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Li
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Romeis J, Meissle M, Alvarez-Alfageme F, Bigler F, Bohan DA, Devos Y, Malone LA, Pons X, Rauschen S. Potential use of an arthropod database to support the non-target risk assessment and monitoring of transgenic plants. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:995-1013. [PMID: 24633599 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, plants obtained through genetic modification are subject to a risk analysis and regulatory approval before they can enter the market. An area of concern addressed in environmental risk assessments is the potential of genetically modified (GM) plants to adversely affect non-target arthropods and the valued ecosystem services they provide. Environmental risk assessments are conducted case-by-case for each GM plant taking into account the plant species, its trait(s), the receiving environments into which the GM plant is to be released and its intended uses, and the combination of these characteristics. To facilitate the non-target risk assessment of GM plants, information on arthropods found in relevant agro-ecosystems in Europe has been compiled in a publicly available database of bio-ecological information during a project commissioned by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Using different hypothetical GM maize case studies, we demonstrate how the information contained in the database can assist in identifying valued species that may be at risk and in selecting suitable species for laboratory testing, higher-tier studies, as well as post-market environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences (ISS), Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland,
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Zhang X, Li Y, Romeis J, Yin X, Wu K, Peng Y. Use of a pollen-based diet to expose the ladybird beetle Propylea japonica to insecticidal proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85395. [PMID: 24409328 PMCID: PMC3883695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A rape seed pollen-based diet was developed and found to be suitable for use in a dietary exposure assay for Propylea japonica. Using the diet, we established and validated a dietary exposure assay by using the protease inhibitor E-64 as positive control. Dose-dependent responses were documented for all observed life-table parameters of P. japonica including survival, pupation and eclosion rates, development time and adult weight. Results suggested that the dietary assay can detect the effects of insecticidal compounds on the survival and development of P. japonica. Using the established dietary assay, we subsequently tested the toxicity of Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins that are expressed by transgenic maize, cotton or rice plants to P. japonica larvae. The diet containing E-64 was included as a positive control. Survival and development of P. japonica larvae were not adversely affected when the diet contained purified Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, or Cry1F at 500 µg/g diet representing a worst-case exposure scenario. In contrast, P. japonica larvae were adversely affected when the diet contained E-64. The bioactivity and stability of the Cry proteins in the diet and Cry protein uptake by the ladybird larvae were confirmed by bioassay with a Cry-sensitive insect species and by ELISA. The current study describes a suitable experimental system for assessing the potential effects of gut-active insecticidal compounds on ladybird beetle larvae. The experiments with the Cry proteins demonstrate that P. japonica larvae are not sensitive to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jörg Romeis
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xinming Yin
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Wang Y, Romeis J, Liu Q, Lin K, Chen X, Peng Y. Bt rice expressing Cry2Aa does not cause direct detrimental effects on larvae of Chrysoperla sinica. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:1413-21. [PMID: 24057602 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential effects of Cry2Aa-expressing insect-resistant Bt rice on Chrysoperla sinica larvae, we conducted two tritrophic bioassays using a non-target (Laodelphax striatellus) and a target herbivore (Chilo suppressalis) as prey. None of the tested life-table parameters of C. sinica did differ when fed with L. striatellus nymphs reared on either Bt or control rice plants. Similarly, C. sinica larval survival and development were not affected when fed C. suppressalis larvae that were reared on Cry2Aa-contained artificial diet compared to those fed control diet. However, the 7-day larval weight was significantly decreased in the Bt treatment and none of the C. sinica larvae developed to the adult stage. To clarify whether the observed effects were due to the direct toxicity of Cry2Aa or prey-quality mediated, we conducted a dietary exposure assay in which the toxicity of Cry2Aa to C. sinica larvae was tested. Potassium arsenate (PA) was included as a positive control. None of the tested life-table parameters of C. sinica was adversely affected when fed Cry2Aa at 500 μg/ml sucrose solution. In contrast, C. sinica larvae were adversely affected by feeding on sucrose solution containing PA. In the feeding assays, exposure of C. sinica larvae to Cry2Aa was confirmed by ELISA. Our results demonstrate that C. sinica larvae are not sensitive to Cry2Aa at concentrations exceeding the levels that the larvae may encounter in Bt rice fields. Consequently the detrimental effects observed in the tritrophic studies using Bt rice-fed C. suppressalis as prey can be attributed to the decreased prey quality due to the sensitivity of C. suppressalis larvae to Cry2Aa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,
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Scientific Opinion on an application from Pioneer Hi‐Bred International and Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2005‐23) for placing on the market of genetically modified maize 59122 for food and feed uses, import, processing and cultivation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Meissle M, Álvarez‐Alfageme F, Malone LA, Romeis J. Establishing a database of bio‐ecological information on non‐target arthropod species to support the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crops in the EU. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.en-334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meissle
- Agroscope Reckenholz‐Tänikon Research Station ART Switzerland
| | | | - Louise A. Malone
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited New Zealand
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope Reckenholz‐Tänikon Research Station ART Switzerland
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