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Toriseva M, Björkgren I, Junnila A, Mehmood A, Mattsson J, Raimoranta I, Kim B, Laiho A, Nees M, Elo L, Poutanen M, Breton S, Sipilä P. RUNX transcription factors are essential in maintaining epididymal epithelial differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:183. [PMID: 38630262 PMCID: PMC11023966 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Apart from the androgen receptor, transcription factors (TFs) that are required for the development and formation of the different segments of the epididymis have remained unknown. We identified TF families expressed in the developing epididymides, of which many showed segment specificity. From these TFs, down-regulation of runt related transcription factors (RUNXs) 1 and 2 expression coincides with epithelial regression in Dicer1 cKO mice. Concomitant deletion of both Runx1 and Runx2 in a mouse epididymal epithelial cell line affected cell morphology, adhesion and mobility in vitro. Furthermore, lack of functional RUNXs severely disturbed the formation of 3D epididymal organoid-like structures. Transcriptomic analysis of the epididymal cell organoid-like structures indicated that RUNX1 and RUNX2 are involved in the regulation of MAPK signaling, NOTCH pathway activity, and EMT-related gene expression. This suggests that RUNXs are master regulators of several essential signaling pathways, and necessary for the maintenance of proper differentiation of the epididymal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Toriseva
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ida Björkgren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arttu Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesse Mattsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Inka Raimoranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bongki Kim
- Program in Membrane Biology/Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnam-do, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthias Nees
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Elo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Breton
- Program in Membrane Biology/Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center-CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Mill CP, Fiskus WC, DiNardo CD, Reville P, Davis JA, Birdwell CE, Das K, Hou H, Takahashi K, Flores L, Ruan X, Su X, Loghavi S, Khoury JD, Bhalla KN. Efficacy of novel agents against cellular models of familial platelet disorder with myeloid malignancy (FPD-MM). Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:25. [PMID: 38316746 PMCID: PMC10844204 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-00981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline, mono-allelic mutations in RUNX1 cause familial platelet disorder (RUNX1-FPD) that evolves into myeloid malignancy (FPD-MM): MDS or AML. FPD-MM commonly harbors co-mutations in the second RUNX1 allele and/or other epigenetic regulators. Here we utilized patient-derived (PD) FPD-MM cells and established the first FPD-MM AML cell line (GMR-AML1). GMR-AML1 cells exhibited active super-enhancers of MYB, MYC, BCL2 and CDK6, augmented expressions of c-Myc, c-Myb, EVI1 and PLK1 and surface markers of AML stem cells. In longitudinally studied bone marrow cells from a patient at FPD-MM vs RUNX1-FPD state, we confirmed increased chromatin accessibility and mRNA expressions of MYB, MECOM and BCL2 in FPD-MM cells. GMR-AML1 and PD FPD-MM cells were sensitive to homoharringtonine (HHT or omacetaxine) or mebendazole-induced lethality, associated with repression of c-Myc, EVI1, PLK1, CDK6 and MCL1. Co-treatment with MB and the PLK1 inhibitor volasertib exerted synergistic in vitro lethality in GMR-AML1 cells. In luciferase-expressing GMR-AML1 xenograft model, MB, omacetaxine or volasertib monotherapy, or co-treatment with MB and volasertib, significantly reduced AML burden and improved survival in the immune-depleted mice. These findings highlight the molecular features of FPD-MM progression and demonstrate HHT, MB and/or volasertib as effective agents against cellular models of FPD-MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Mill
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Warren C Fiskus
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Reville
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John A Davis
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Kaberi Das
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hanxi Hou
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lauren Flores
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xinjia Ruan
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kapil N Bhalla
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Thoms JAI, Koch F, Raei A, Subramanian S, Wong JH, Vafaee F, Pimanda J. BloodChIP Xtra: an expanded database of comparative genome-wide transcription factor binding and gene-expression profiles in healthy human stem/progenitor subsets and leukemic cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1131-D1137. [PMID: 37870453 PMCID: PMC10767868 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The BloodChIP Xtra database (http://bloodchipXtra.vafaeelab.com/) facilitates genome-wide exploration and visualization of transcription factor (TF) occupancy and chromatin configuration in rare primary human hematopoietic stem (HSC-MPP) and progenitor (CMP, GMP, MEP) cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (KG-1, ME-1, Kasumi1, TSU-1621-MT), along with chromatin accessibility and gene expression data from these and primary patient AMLs. BloodChIP Xtra features significantly more datasets than our earlier database BloodChIP (two primary cell types and two cell lines). Improved methodologies for determining TF occupancy and chromatin accessibility have led to increased availability of data for rare primary cell types across the spectrum of healthy and AML hematopoiesis. However, there is a continuing need for these data to be integrated in an easily accessible manner for gene-based queries and use in downstream applications. Here, we provide a user-friendly database based around genome-wide binding profiles of key hematopoietic TFs and histone marks in healthy stem/progenitor cell types. These are compared with binding profiles and chromatin accessibility derived from primary and cell line AML and integrated with expression data from corresponding cell types. All queries can be exported to construct TF-gene and protein-protein networks and evaluate the association of genes with specific cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A I Thoms
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Forrest C Koch
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alireza Raei
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shruthi Subramanian
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason W H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Haematology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Subramanian S, Thoms JAI, Huang Y, Cornejo-Páramo P, Koch FC, Jacquelin S, Shen S, Song E, Joshi S, Brownlee C, Woll PS, Chacon-Fajardo D, Beck D, Curtis DJ, Yehson K, Antonenas V, O'Brien T, Trickett A, Powell JA, Lewis ID, Pitson SM, Gandhi MK, Lane SW, Vafaee F, Wong ES, Göttgens B, Alinejad-Rokny H, Wong JWH, Pimanda JE. Genome-wide transcription factor-binding maps reveal cell-specific changes in the regulatory architecture of human HSPCs. Blood 2023; 142:1448-1462. [PMID: 37595278 PMCID: PMC10651876 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) rely on a complex interplay among transcription factors (TFs) to regulate differentiation into mature blood cells. A heptad of TFs (FLI1, ERG, GATA2, RUNX1, TAL1, LYL1, LMO2) bind regulatory elements in bulk CD34+ HSPCs. However, whether specific heptad-TF combinations have distinct roles in regulating hematopoietic differentiation remains unknown. We mapped genome-wide chromatin contacts (HiC, H3K27ac, HiChIP), chromatin modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3) and 10 TF binding profiles (heptad, PU.1, CTCF, STAG2) in HSPC subsets (stem/multipotent progenitors plus common myeloid, granulocyte macrophage, and megakaryocyte erythrocyte progenitors) and found TF occupancy and enhancer-promoter interactions varied significantly across cell types and were associated with cell-type-specific gene expression. Distinct regulatory elements were enriched with specific heptad-TF combinations, including stem-cell-specific elements with ERG, and myeloid- and erythroid-specific elements with combinations of FLI1, RUNX1, GATA2, TAL1, LYL1, and LMO2. Furthermore, heptad-occupied regions in HSPCs were subsequently bound by lineage-defining TFs, including PU.1 and GATA1, suggesting that heptad factors may prime regulatory elements for use in mature cell types. We also found that enhancers with cell-type-specific heptad occupancy shared a common grammar with respect to TF binding motifs, suggesting that combinatorial binding of TF complexes was at least partially regulated by features encoded in DNA sequence motifs. Taken together, this study comprehensively characterizes the gene regulatory landscape in rare subpopulations of human HSPCs. The accompanying data sets should serve as a valuable resource for understanding adult hematopoiesis and a framework for analyzing aberrant regulatory networks in leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Subramanian
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie A. I. Thoms
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Forrest C. Koch
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Sylvie Shen
- Bone Marrow Transplant Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Song
- Bone Marrow Transplant Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Brownlee
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Petter S. Woll
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Diego Chacon-Fajardo
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J. Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenneth Yehson
- Blood Transplant and Cell Therapies Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vicki Antonenas
- Blood Transplant and Cell Therapies Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Annette Trickett
- Bone Marrow Transplant Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason A. Powell
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ian D. Lewis
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maher K. Gandhi
- Blood Cancer Research Group, Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven W. Lane
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily S. Wong
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- BioMedical Machine Learning Lab, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason W. H. Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John E. Pimanda
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Haematology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Eriksson A, Engvall M, Mathot L, Österroos A, Rippin M, Cavelier L, Ladenvall C, Baliakas P. Somatic Exonic Deletions in RUNX1 Constitutes a Novel Recurrent Genomic Abnormality in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2826-2834. [PMID: 37022349 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), somatic mutations (commonly missense, nonsense, and frameshift indels) in RUNX1 are associated with a dismal clinical outcome. Inherited RUNX1 mutations cause familial platelet disorder. As approximately 5%-10% of germline RUNX1 mutations are large exonic deletions, we hypothesized that such exonic RUNX1 aberrations may also be acquired during the development of AML. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sixty patients with well-characterized AML were analyzed with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (n = 60), microarray (n = 11), and/or whole-genome sequencing (n = 8). RESULTS In total, 25 (42% of the cohort) RUNX1-aberrant patients (defined by the presence of classical mutations and/or exonic deletions) were identified. Sixteen patients (27%) carried only exonic deletions, 5 (8%) carried classical mutations, and 4 (7%) carried both exonic deletions and mutations. No significant difference was observed between patients with classical RUNX1 mutations and RUNX1 exonic deletions in median overall survival (OS, 53.1 vs. 38.8 months, respectively, P = 0.63). When applying the European Leukemia Net (ELN) classification including the RUNX1-aberrant group, 20% of the patients initially stratified as intermediate-risk (5% of the whole cohort) were reassigned to the high-risk group, which improved the performance of ELN classification regarding OS between intermediate- and high-risk groups (18.9 vs. 9.6 months, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Somatic RUNX1 exonic deletions constitute a novel recurrent aberration in AML. Our findings have important clinical implications regarding AML classification, risk stratification, and treatment decision. Moreover, they argue in favor of further investigating such genomic aberrations not only in RUNX1 but also in other genes implicated in cancer biology and management. See related commentary by Chakraborty and Stengel, p. 2742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Engvall
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucy Mathot
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albin Österroos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Rippin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucia Cavelier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis Baliakas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Control of focal adhesion kinase activation by RUNX1-regulated miRNAs in high-risk AML. Leukemia 2023; 37:776-787. [PMID: 36788336 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We recently described a 16-gene expression signature for improved risk stratification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients called the AML Prognostic Score (APS). A subset of APS-high-risk AML patients showed increased levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), encoded by the Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 (PTK2) gene, which was correlated with RUNX1 mutations. RUNX1 mutant cells are more sensitive to PTK2 inhibitors. As we were not able to detect RUNX1-binding sites in the PTK2 promoter, we hypothesized that RUNX1 might regulate micro(mi)RNAs that repress PTK2, such that loss-of-function RUNX1 mutations would result in reduced miRNA expression and derepression of PTK2. Examination of paired RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data from 301 AML cases revealed two miRNAs that positively correlated with RUNX1 expression, contained RUNX1-binding sites in their promoters and were predicted to target PTK2. We show that the hsa-let7a-2-3p and hsa-miR-135a-5p promoters are regulated by RUNX1, and that PTK2 is a direct target of both miRNAs. Even in the absence of RUNX1 mutations, hsa-let7a-2-3p and hsa-miR-135a-5p regulate PTK2 expression, and reduced expression of these two miRNAs sensitizes AML cells to PTK2 inhibition. These data explain how RUNX1 regulates PTK2, and identify potential miRNA biomarkers for targeting AML with PTK2 inhibitors.
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7
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Venugopal S, DiNardo CD, Loghavi S, Qiao W, Ravandi F, Konopleva M, Kadia T, Bhalla K, Jabbour E, Issa GC, Macaron W, Daver N, Borthakur G, Montalban-Bravo G, Yilmaz M, Patel KP, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Chien K, Maiti A, Kantarjian H, Short NJ. Differential prognostic impact of RUNX1 mutations according to frontline therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:1560-1567. [PMID: 36087091 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RUNX1-mutated (mRUNX1) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has historically been associated with poor outcomes in the setting of conventional chemotherapy. The prognostic impact of mRUNX1 AML is not well-established in the current era of lower-intensity treatment regimens incorporating venetoclax. We retrospectively analyzed 907 patients with newly diagnosed AML, including 137 patients with mRUNX1 AML, who underwent first-line therapy with intensive chemotherapy (IC), low-intensity therapy without venetoclax (LIT without VEN), or LIT with VEN. When stratified by RUNX1 status, there was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between mRUNX1 and wild-type (wtRUNX1) AML, regardless of therapy received. However, among patients who received LIT with VEN, there was a trend towards superior overall survival (OS) in those with mRUNX1 AML (median OS for mRUNX1 vs. wtRUNX1: 25.1 vs. 11.3 months; 2-year OS 54% vs. 33%; p = 0.12). In patients without another adverse-risk cyto-molecular feature, the presence of mRUNX1 conferred inferior OS in patients who received IC (p = 0.02) or LIT without VEN (p = 0.003) but not in those who received LIT with VEN (mRUNX1 vs. wtRUNX1: 25.1 vs. 30.0 months; 2-year OS 59% vs. 54%; p = 0.86). A multivariate analysis showed possible interaction between RUNX1 mutation status and treatment, suggesting a differential prognostic impact of RUNX1 mutations when patients received IC versus LIT with VEN. In summary, the prognostic impact of mRUNX1 AML may be treatment-dependent, and the presence of RUNX1 mutations may not impact clinical outcomes when venetoclax-based regimens are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Venugopal
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Departments of Hematopathology, and, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Qiao
- Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kapil Bhalla
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ghayas C Issa
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walid Macaron
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Musa Yilmaz
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Departments of Hematopathology, and, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Departments of Hematopathology, and, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Chien
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek Maiti
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas J Short
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Menezes AC, Jones R, Shrestha A, Nicholson R, Leckenby A, Azevedo A, Davies S, Baker S, Gilkes AF, Darley RL, Tonks A. Increased expression of RUNX3 inhibits normal human myeloid development. Leukemia 2022; 36:1769-1780. [PMID: 35490198 PMCID: PMC9252899 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RUNX3 is a transcription factor dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its role in normal myeloid development and leukemia is poorly understood. Here we investigate RUNX3 expression in both settings and the impact of its dysregulation on myelopoiesis. We found that RUNX3 mRNA expression was stable during hematopoiesis but decreased with granulocytic differentiation. In AML, RUNX3 mRNA was overexpressed in many disease subtypes, but downregulated in AML with core binding factor abnormalities, such as RUNX1::ETO. Overexpression of RUNX3 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) inhibited myeloid differentiation, particularly of the granulocytic lineage. Proliferation and myeloid colony formation were also inhibited. Conversely, RUNX3 knockdown did not impact the myeloid growth and development of human HSPC. Overexpression of RUNX3 in the context of RUNX1::ETO did not rescue the RUNX1::ETO-mediated block in differentiation. RNA-sequencing showed that RUNX3 overexpression downregulates key developmental genes, such as KIT and RUNX1, while upregulating lymphoid genes, such as KLRB1 and TBX21. Overall, these data show that increased RUNX3 expression observed in AML could contribute to the developmental arrest characteristic of this disease, possibly by driving a competing transcriptional program favoring a lymphoid fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Menezes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachel Jones
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alina Shrestha
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachael Nicholson
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Adam Leckenby
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aleksandra Azevedo
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sara Davies
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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9
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Illango J, Sreekantan Nair A, Gor R, Wijeratne Fernando R, Malik M, Siddiqui NA, Hamid P. A Systematic Review of the Role of Runt-Related Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1) in the Pathogenesis of Hematological Malignancies in Patients With Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes. Cureus 2022; 14:e25372. [PMID: 35765406 PMCID: PMC9233622 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mutations are the most common mutations in various hematological malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mono-allelic RUNX1 mutations in germline cells may cause familial platelet disorder (FPD), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) associated with an increased lifetime risk of AML. It is suspected that additional RUNX1 mutations may play a role in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies in IBMFS. This review aims to study the role of RUNX1 mutations in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies in patients with IBMFS. A PubMed database search was conducted using the following medical subject heading (MeSH) terms: “inherited bone marrow failure syndromes,” “hematological neoplasms,” “gene expression regulation, leukemic,” “RUNX1 protein, human,” “RUNX1 protein, mouse,” and “Neutropenia, Severe Congenital, Autosomal recessive.” Three studies published in 2020 were identified as meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Leukemic progression in severe congenital neutropenia was used as a disease model to evaluate the clinical, molecular, and mechanistic basis of RUNX1 mutations identified in hematological malignancies. Studies in mice and genetically reprogrammed or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have shown that isolated RUNX1 mutations are weakly leukemogenic and only initiate hyperproduction of immature hematopoietic cells when in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (GCSF3R) mutations. Despite this, whole-exome sequencing (WES) performed on leukemogenic transformed cells revealed that all AML cells had an additional mutation in the CXXC finger protein 4 (CXXC4) gene that caused hyperproduction of the ten-eleven translocation (TET2) protein. This protein causes inflammation in cells with RUNX1 mutations. This process is thought to be critical for clonal myeloid malignant transformation (CMMT) of leukemogenic cells. In conclusion, the combinations of GCSF3R and RUNX1 mutations have a prominent effect on myeloid differentiation resulting in the hyperproduction of myeloblasts. In other studies, it has been noted that the mutations in GCSF3R and RUNX1 genes are not sufficient for the full transformation of leukemogenic cells to AML, and an additional clonal mutation in the CXXC4 gene is essential for full transformation to occur. These data have implicitly demonstrated that RUNX1 mutations are critical in the pathogenesis of various hematological malignancies, and further investigations into the role of RUNX1 are paramount for the development of new cancer treatments.
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10
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Zhao H, Chen Y, Shen P, Gong L. Prognostic value and immune characteristics of RUNX gene family in human cancers: a pan-cancer analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4014-4035. [PMID: 35522574 PMCID: PMC9134966 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are involved in numerous fundamental biological processes and play crucial parts in tumorigenesis and metastasis both directly and indirectly. However, the pan-cancer evidence of the RUNX gene family is not available. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the potential association between RUNX gene family expression and patient’s prognosis, immune cell infiltration, drug response, and genetic mutation data across different types of tumors using based on The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and Oncomine database. Results: The results showed that the expression of the RUNX gene family varied among different cancer types, revealing its heterogeneity in cancers and that expression of RUNX2 was lower than that of RUNX1 and RUNX3 across all cancer types. RUNX gene family gene expression was related to prognosis in several cancers. Furthermore, our study revealed a clear association between RUNX gene family expression and ESTIMATE score, RNA stemness, and DNA stemness scores. Compared with RUNX1 and RUNX2, RUNX3 showed relatively low levels of genetic alterations. RUNX gene family genes had clear associations with immune infiltrate subtypes, and their expression was positively related to immune checkpoint genes and drug sensitivity in most cases. Two immunotherapy cohorts confirm that the expression of RUNX was correlated with the clinical response of immunotherapy. Conclusions: These findings will help to elucidate the potential oncogenic roles of RUNX gene family genes in different types of cancer and it can function as a prognostic marker in various malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200000, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Peijun Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200000, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, Shanghai, China
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11
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Ng AWT, Contino G, Killcoyne S, Devonshire G, Hsu R, Abbas S, Su J, Redmond AM, Weaver JMJ, Eldridge MD, Tavaré S, Edwards PAW, Fitzgerald RC. Rearrangement processes and structural variations show evidence of selection in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Commun Biol 2022; 5:335. [PMID: 35396535 PMCID: PMC8993906 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) provides an ideal case study to characterize large-scale rearrangements. Using whole genome short-read sequencing of 383 cases, for which 214 had matched whole transcriptomes, we observed structural variations (SV) with a predominance of deletions, tandem duplications and inter-chromosome junctions that could be identified as LINE-1 mobile element (ME) insertions. Complex clusters of rearrangements resembling breakage-fusion-bridge cycles or extrachromosomal circular DNA accounted for 22% of complex SVs affecting known oncogenes. Counting SV events affecting known driver genes substantially increased the recurrence rates of these drivers. After excluding fragile sites, we identified 51 candidate new drivers in genomic regions disrupted by SVs, including ETV5, KAT6B and CLTC. RUNX1 was the most recurrently altered gene (24%), with many deletions inactivating the RUNT domain but preserved the reading frame, suggesting an altered protein product. These findings underscore the importance of identification of SV events in OAC with implications for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wei Tian Ng
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianmarco Contino
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Sarah Killcoyne
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ray Hsu
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sujath Abbas
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing Su
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aisling M Redmond
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie M J Weaver
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew D Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Paul A W Edwards
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Effective therapy for AML with RUNX1 mutation by cotreatment with inhibitors of protein translation and BCL2. Blood 2022; 139:907-921. [PMID: 34601571 PMCID: PMC8832475 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of RUNX1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are missense or deletion-truncation and behave as loss-of-function mutations. Following standard therapy, AML patients expressing mtRUNX1 exhibit inferior clinical outcome than those without mutant RUNX1. Studies presented here demonstrate that as compared with AML cells lacking mtRUNX1, their isogenic counterparts harboring mtRUNX1 display impaired ribosomal biogenesis and differentiation, as well as exhibit reduced levels of wild-type RUNX1, PU.1, and c-Myc. Compared with AML cells with only wild-type RUNX1, AML cells expressing mtRUNX1 were also more sensitive to the protein translation inhibitor homoharringtonine (omacetaxine) and BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. Homoharringtonine treatment repressed enhancers and their BRD4 occupancy and was associated with reduced levels of c-Myc, c-Myb, MCL1, and Bcl-xL. Consistent with this, cotreatment with omacetaxine and venetoclax or BET inhibitor induced synergistic in vitro lethality in AML expressing mtRUNX1. Compared with each agent alone, cotreatment with omacetaxine and venetoclax or BET inhibitor also displayed improved in vivo anti-AML efficacy, associated with improved survival of immune-depleted mice engrafted with AML cells harboring mtRUNX1. These findings highlight superior efficacy of omacetaxine-based combination therapies for AML harboring mtRUNX1.
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13
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Fernandes A, Shanmuganathan N, Branford S. Genomic Mechanisms Influencing Outcome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:620. [PMID: 35158889 PMCID: PMC8833554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represents the disease prototype of genetically based diagnosis and management. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), that target the causal BCR::ABL1 fusion protein, exemplify the success of molecularly based therapy. Most patients now have long-term survival; however, TKI resistance is a persistent clinical problem. TKIs are effective in the BCR::ABL1-driven chronic phase of CML but are relatively ineffective for clinically defined advanced phases. Genomic investigation of drug resistance using next-generation sequencing for CML has lagged behind other hematological malignancies. However, emerging data show that genomic abnormalities are likely associated with suboptimal response and drug resistance. This has already been supported by the presence of BCR::ABL1 kinase domain mutations in drug resistance, which led to the development of more potent TKIs. Next-generation sequencing studies are revealing additional mutations associated with resistance. In this review, we discuss the initiating chromosomal translocation that may not always be a straightforward reciprocal event between chromosomes 9 and 22 but can sometimes be accompanied by sequence deletion, inversion, and rearrangement. These events may biologically reflect a more genomically unstable disease prone to acquire mutations. We also discuss the future role of cancer-related gene mutation analysis for risk stratification in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Fernandes
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.F.); (N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Naranie Shanmuganathan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.F.); (N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Susan Branford
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.F.); (N.S.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide 5000, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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14
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Sreedharan H, Akhila Raj TV, Gopinath P, Geetha Raj JA, Narayanan G, Nair S, Joy Philip D, Raveendran S, Geetha P. Acute myeloid leukemia patients with variant or unusual translocations involving chromosomes 8 and 21 – A comprehensive cytogenetic profiling of three cases with review of literature. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:697-703. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_190_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Aoyagi Y, Hayashi Y, Harada Y, Choi K, Matsunuma N, Sadato D, Maemoto Y, Ito A, Yanagi S, Starczynowski DT, Harada H. Mitochondrial Fragmentation Triggers Ineffective Hematopoiesis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancer Discov 2021; 12:250-269. [PMID: 34462274 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ineffective hematopoiesis is a fundamental process leading to the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the pathobiological mediators of ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that overwhelming mitochondrial fragmentation in mutant hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSC/Ps) triggers ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS. Mouse modeling of CBL exon-deletion with RUNX1 mutants, previously unreported co-mutations in MDS patients, recapitulated not only clinically relevant MDS phenotypes but also a distinct MDS-related gene signature. Mechanistically, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-dependent excessive mitochondrial fragmentation in HSC/Ps led to excessive ROS production, induced inflammatory signaling activation, and promoted subsequent dysplasia formation and impairment of granulopoiesis. Mitochondrial fragmentation was generally observed in patients with MDS. Pharmacological inhibition of DRP1 attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation and rescued ineffective hematopoiesis phenotypes in MDS mice. These findings provide mechanistic insights into ineffective hematopoiesis and indicate that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics could be a therapeutic target for bone marrow failure in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushige Aoyagi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Yuka Harada
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Natsumi Matsunuma
- Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Daichi Sadato
- Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Yuki Maemoto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Life Sciences,, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Akihiro Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Hironori Harada
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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16
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Gonzales F, Barthélémy A, Peyrouze P, Fenwarth L, Preudhomme C, Duployez N, Cheok MH. Targeting RUNX1 in acute myeloid leukemia: preclinical innovations and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:299-309. [PMID: 33906574 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1915991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: RUNX1 is an essential transcription factor for normal and malignant hematopoiesis. RUNX1 forms a heterodimeric complex with CBFB. Germline mutations and somatic alterations (i.e. translocations, mutations and abnormal expression) are frequently associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RUNX1 mutations conferring unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, RUNX1 constitutes a potential innovative and interesting therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss recent therapeutic advances of RUNX1 targeting in AML.Areas covered: Firstly, we cover the clinical basis for RUNX1 targeting. We have subdivided recent therapeutic approaches either by common biochemical pathways or by similar pharmacological targets. Genome editing of RUNX1 induces anti-leukemic effects; however, off-target events prohibit clinical use. Several molecules inhibit the interaction between RUNX1/CBFB and control AML development and progression. BET protein antagonists target RUNX1 (i.e. specific BET inhibitors, BRD4 shRNRA, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) or expression-mimickers). All these molecules improve survival in mutant RUNX1 AML preclinical models.Expert opinion: Some of these novel molecules have shown encouraging anti-leukemic potency at the preclinical stage. A better understanding of RUNX1 function in AML development and progression and its key downstream pathways, may result in more precise and more efficient RUNX1 targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Gonzales
- Factors of Leukemic cell Persistence, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, IRCL, Canther, Lille, France.,Pediatric Hematology Department, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Barthélémy
- Factors of Leukemic cell Persistence, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, IRCL, Canther, Lille, France
| | - Pauline Peyrouze
- Factors of Leukemic cell Persistence, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, IRCL, Canther, Lille, France
| | - Laurène Fenwarth
- Factors of Leukemic cell Persistence, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, IRCL, Canther, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Factors of Leukemic cell Persistence, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, IRCL, Canther, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Duployez
- Factors of Leukemic cell Persistence, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, IRCL, Canther, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Meyling H Cheok
- Factors of Leukemic cell Persistence, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, IRCL, Canther, Lille, France
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17
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Huang Z, Chen K, Chi Y, Jin H, Li L, Zhang W, Xu J, Zhang Y. Runx1 regulates zebrafish neutrophil maturation via synergistic interaction with c-Myb. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100272. [PMID: 33434583 PMCID: PMC7948814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in the innate immune defense system in vertebrates. During hematopoiesis, the full function of neutrophils involves maturation of granules and related enzymes. Yet, transcription regulators that promote neutrophil maturation remain largely undefined. Here, two hematopoiesis-defective zebrafish mutants, runx1w84x and c-mybhkz3, were used to investigate the in vivo roles of Runx1 in cooperation with c-Myb in regulating neutrophil maturation. Loss of runx1 impairs primitive neutrophil development. Additional regulation of c-myb+/− and c-myb−/− induces a more severe phenotypes suggesting a synergistic genetic interaction between c-myb and runx1 in neutrophil maturation. Further studies revealed that the two transcription factors act cooperatively to control neutrophil maturation processes via transactivating a series of neutrophil maturation-related genes. These data reveal the in vivo roles of Runx1 in regulating primitive neutrophil maturation while also indicating a novel genetic and molecular orchestration of Runx1 and c-Myb in myeloid cell development. The study will provide new evidence on the regulation of neutrophil maturation during hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Huang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kemin Chen
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yali Chi
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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18
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Yang X, Wang S, Reheman A. Regulation of RUNX3 Expression by DNA Methylation in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6411-6420. [PMID: 32801881 PMCID: PMC7394506 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s249066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and the effect of such mechanism on the proliferation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Materials and Methods The methylation of the RUNX3 in the promoter region in PCa cells was detected by bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP). Following treatment of the PCa cells with DNA methylation transferase inhibitor 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA), the effect on methylation level and expression of RUNX3 were analyzed by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and BSP assays. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of the demethylated RUNX3 on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of PCa cells using CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. Using the DNA methylation transferase (DNMT3b) knockout or overexpression models, the relationship between DNMT3b and RUNX3 methylation was further assessed by qRT-PCR, Western blot and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results The results indicated that the methylation level of RUNX3 in PCa cell lines was significantly higher than that of normal prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) cells. Furthermore, treatment with AZA not only promoted the demethylation of RUNX3 but also restored the mRNA and protein expression of RUNX3, and the reactivation of expression of the later exhibited its anti-tumor effects through regulation of the cycle progression in PCa cells. Moreover, DNMT3b could regulate the expression level of RUNX3 by altering the DNA methylation of the RUNX3 in PCa cells. Conclusion RUNX3 is hypermethylated in a panel of PCa cell lines; inhibition of DNA methylation of RUNX3 could restore its gene expression, which could promote its anticancer effect. Thus, RUNX3 may serve as a novel putative molecular target gene for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Urumqi Blood Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Alimu Reheman
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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19
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Khateb A, Ronai ZA. Unfolded Protein Response in Leukemia: From Basic Understanding to Therapeutic Opportunities. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:960-973. [PMID: 32540455 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding genetic and epigenetic changes that underlie abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is critical for development of new approaches to monitor and treat leukemia. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved adaptive signaling pathway that governs protein folding, secretion, and energy production and serves to maintain protein homeostasis in various cellular compartments. Deregulated UPR signaling, which often occurs in hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia, defines the degree of cellular toxicity and perturbs protein homeostasis, and at the same time, offers a novel therapeutic target. Here, we review current knowledge related to altered UPR signaling in leukemia and highlight possible strategies for exploiting the UPR as treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khateb
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI) Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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20
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Bellissimo DC, Chen CH, Zhu Q, Bagga S, Lee CT, He B, Wertheim GB, Jordan M, Tan K, Worthen GS, Gilliland DG, Speck NA. Runx1 negatively regulates inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils in response to Toll-like receptor signaling. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1145-1158. [PMID: 32208490 PMCID: PMC7094023 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is frequently mutated in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. It has been shown to negatively regulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in lung epithelial cells. Here we show that RUNX1 regulates TLR1/2 and TLR4 signaling and inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils. Hematopoietic-specific RUNX1 loss increased the production of proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), by bone marrow neutrophils in response to TLR1/2 and TLR4 agonists. Hematopoietic RUNX1 loss also resulted in profound damage to the lung parenchyma following inhalation of the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, neutrophils with neutrophil-specific RUNX1 loss lacked the inflammatory phenotype caused by pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss, indicating that dysregulated TLR4 signaling is not due to loss of RUNX1 in neutrophils per se. Rather, single-cell RNA sequencing indicates the dysregulation originates in a neutrophil precursor. Enhanced inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils following pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss correlated with increased degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, and RUNX1-deficient neutrophils displayed broad transcriptional upregulation of many of the core components of the TLR4 signaling pathway. Hence, early, pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss de-represses an innate immune signaling transcriptional program that is maintained in terminally differentiated neutrophils, resulting in their hyperinflammatory state. We hypothesize that inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils may contribute to leukemia associated with inherited RUNX1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Bellissimo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology
| | - Sumedha Bagga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chung-Tsai Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bing He
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gerald B Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Martha Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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21
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Yokota A, Huo L, Lan F, Wu J, Huang G. The Clinical, Molecular, and Mechanistic Basis of RUNX1 Mutations Identified in Hematological Malignancies. Mol Cells 2020; 43:145-152. [PMID: 31964134 PMCID: PMC7057846 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 plays an important role in the regulation of normal hematopoiesis. RUNX1 mutations are frequently found and have been intensively studied in hematological malignancies. Germline mutations in RUNX1 cause familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD/AML). Somatic mutations of RUNX1 are observed in various types of hematological malignancies, such as AML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and congenital bone marrow failure (CBMF). Here, we systematically review the clinical and molecular characteristics of RUNX1 mutations, the mechanisms of pathogenesis caused by RUNX1 mutations, and potential therapeutic strategies to target RUNX1-mutated cases of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Yokota
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Li Huo
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 15006, China
| | - Fengli Lan
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 40022, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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22
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Samarakkody AS, Shin NY, Cantor AB. Role of RUNX Family Transcription Factors in DNA Damage Response. Mol Cells 2020; 43:99-106. [PMID: 32024352 PMCID: PMC7057837 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous stresses that can result in DNA damage. In response, they have evolved complex pathways to maintain genomic integrity. RUNX family transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3 in mammals) are master regulators of development and differentiation, and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. A growing body of research also implicates RUNX proteins as regulators of the DNA damage response, often acting in conjunction with the p53 and Fanconi anemia pathways. In this review, we discuss the functional role and mechanisms involved in RUNX factor mediated response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses. We highlight the impact of these new findings on our understanding of cancer predisposition associated with RUNX factor dysregulation and their implications for designing novel approaches to prevent cancer formation in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Sanoji Samarakkody
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
| | - Nah-Young Shin
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
| | - Alan B. Cantor
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 0138, USA
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23
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Olofsen PA, Touw IP. RUNX1 Mutations in the Leukemic Progression of Severe Congenital Neutropenia. Mol Cells 2020; 43:139-144. [PMID: 32041395 PMCID: PMC7057833 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic RUNX1 mutations are found in approximately 10% of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but are more common in secondary forms of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or AML. Particularly, this applies to MDS/AML developing from certain types of leukemia-prone inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. How these RUNX1 mutations contribute to the pathobiology of secondary MDS/AML is still unknown. This mini-review focusses on the role of RUNX1 mutations as the most common secondary leukemogenic hit in MDS/AML evolving from severe congenital neutropenia (SCN).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivo P. Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
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24
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Nguyen L, Zhang X, Roberts E, Yun S, McGraw K, Abraham I, Song J, Braswell D, Qin D, Sallman DA, Lancet JE, List AF, Moscinski LC, Padron E, Zhang L. Comparison of mutational profiles and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with mutated RUNX1 versus acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes with mutated RUNX1. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1395-1405. [PMID: 32091281 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1723016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies comparing the prognostic role of RUNX1 mutations (RUNX1mut) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute myeloid leukemia-with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) are limited. Our study examines the genetic profile of 118 RUNX1mut AML patients including 57 AML with RUNX1mut and 61 AML-MRC with RUNX1mut and 100 AML, NOS patients with wild type RUNX1 (RUNX1wt). Results revealed that AML-MRC patients with RUNX1mut had shorter median overall survival (OS) (11 ± 3.3 months) when compared to AML with RUNX1mut (19 ± 7.1 months) and AML, NOS with RUNX1wt (not reached) (p = .001). The most common concurrent mutations observed in AML-MRC with RUNX1mut patients were DNMT3A, SRSF2, ASXL1, and IDH2 while in AML with RUNX1mut patients were ASXL1, SRSF2, TET2, IDH2, and DNMT3A. ASXL1 and TET2 mutations appeared to adversely affect OS in AML-MRC, but not in AML with RUNX1mut. Concurrent RUNX1/DNMT3A mutations, in contrast had negative impact on OS in AML with RUNX1mut, but not in AML-MRC with RUNX1mut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynh Nguyen
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Morsani College of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Evans Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Morsani College of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Seongseok Yun
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kathy McGraw
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ivo Abraham
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jinming Song
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Diana Braswell
- Department of Pathology, Morsani College of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dahui Qin
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David A Sallman
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lancet
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alan F List
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lynn C Moscinski
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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25
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Lee JW, Park TG, Bae SC. Involvement of RUNX and BRD Family Members in Restriction Point. Mol Cells 2019; 42:836-839. [PMID: 31822043 PMCID: PMC6939653 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that arises when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. The cellular decision regarding whether to undergo division or death is made at the restriction (R)-point. Consistent with this, an increasingly large body of evidence indicates that deregulation of the R-point decision-making machinery accompanies the formation of most tumors. Although the R-point decision is literally a matter of life and death for the cell, and thus critical for the health of the organism, it remains unclear how a cell chooses its own fate. Recent work demonstrated that the R-point constitutes a novel oncogene surveillance mechanism operated by R-point-associated complexes of which RUNX3 and BRD2 are the core factors (Rpa-RX3 complexes). Here, we show that not only RUNX3 and BRD2, but also other members of the RUNX and BRD families (RUNX1, RUNX2, BRD3, and BRD4), are involved in R-point regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Tae-Geun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
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26
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Chisholm KM, Denton C, Keel S, Geddis AE, Xu M, Appel BE, Cantor AB, Fleming MD, Shimamura A. Bone Marrow Morphology Associated With Germline RUNX1 Mutations in Patients With Familial Platelet Disorder With Associated Myeloid Malignancy. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:315-328. [PMID: 30600763 DOI: 10.1177/1093526618822108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in RUNX1 result in autosomal dominant familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy (FPDMM). To characterize the hematopathologic features associated with a germline RUNX1 mutation, we reviewed a total of 42 bone marrow aspirates from 14 FPDMM patients, including 24 cases with no cytogenetic clonal abnormalities, and 18 with clonal karyotypes or leukemia. We found that all aspirate smears had ≥10% atypical megakaryocytes, predominantly characterized by small forms with hypolobated and eccentric nuclei, and forms with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios. Core biopsies showed variable cellularity and variable numbers of megakaryocytes with similar features to those in the aspirates. Granulocytic and/or erythroid dysplasia (≥10% cells per lineage) were present infrequently. Megakaryocytes with separate nuclear lobes were increased in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute leukemia. Comparison to an immune thrombocytopenic purpura cohort confirms increased megakaryocytes with hypolobated eccentric nuclei in FPDMM patients. As such, patients with FPDMM often have atypical megakaryocytes with small hypolobated and eccentric nuclei even in the absence of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities; these findings are related to the underlying RUNX1 germline mutation and not diagnostic of MDS. Isolated megakaryocytic dysplasia in patients with unexplained thrombocytopenia should raise the possibility of an underlying germline RUNX1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Chisholm
- 1 Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,3 Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Denton
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sioban Keel
- 5 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amy E Geddis
- 6 Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,7 Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Min Xu
- 1 Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Burton E Appel
- 8 Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack University Medical Center, Children's Cancer Institute, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Alan B Cantor
- 9 Division of Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,10 Department of Hematology Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark D Fleming
- 3 Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- 9 Division of Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,10 Department of Hematology Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Laying the foundation for genomically-based risk assessment in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:1835-1850. [PMID: 31209280 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have substantially improved due to advances in drug development and rational treatment intervention strategies. Despite these significant advances there are still unanswered questions on patient management regarding how to more reliably predict treatment failure at the time of diagnosis and how to select frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for optimal outcome. The BCR-ABL1 transcript level at diagnosis has no established prognostic impact and cannot guide frontline TKI selection. BCR-ABL1 mutations are detected in ~50% of TKI resistant patients but are rarely responsible for primary resistance. Other resistance mechanisms are largely uncharacterized and there are no other routine molecular testing strategies to facilitate the evaluation and further stratification of TKI resistance. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology has aided the management of a growing number of other malignancies, enabling the incorporation of somatic mutation profiles in diagnosis, classification, and prognostication. A largely unexplored area in CML research is whether expanded genomic analysis at diagnosis, resistance, and disease transformation can enhance patient management decisions, as has occurred for other cancers. The aim of this article is to review publications that reported mutated cancer-associated genes in CML patients at various disease phases. We discuss the frequency and type of such variants at initial diagnosis and at the time of treatment failure and transformation. Current limitations in the evaluation of mutants and recommendations for future reporting are outlined. The collective evaluation of mutational studies over more than a decade suggests a limited set of cancer-associated genes are indeed recurrently mutated in CML and some at a relatively high frequency. Genomic studies have the potential to lay the foundation for improved diagnostic risk classification according to clinical and genomic risk, and to enable more precise early identification of TKI resistance.
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28
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RUNX1-targeted therapy for AML expressing somatic or germline mutation in RUNX1. Blood 2019; 134:59-73. [PMID: 31023702 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018893982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 transcription factor regulates normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Somatic or germline mutant RUNX1 (mtRUNX1) is associated with poorer outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Knockdown or inhibition of RUNX1 induced more apoptosis of AML expressing mtRUNX1 versus wild-type RUNX1 and improved survival of mice engrafted with mtRUNX1-expressing AML. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing-out of RUNX1 enhancer (eR1) within its intragenic super-enhancer, or BET protein BRD4 depletion by short hairpin RNA, repressed RUNX1, inhibited cell growth, and induced cell lethality in AML cells expressing mtRUNX1. Moreover, treatment with BET protein inhibitor or degrader (BET-proteolysis targeting chimera) repressed RUNX1 and its targets, inducing apoptosis and improving survival of mice engrafted with AML expressing mtRUNX1. Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures 1000-connectivity mapping data sets queried with messenger RNA signature of RUNX1 knockdown identified novel expression-mimickers (EMs), which repressed RUNX1 and exerted in vitro and in vivo efficacy against AML cells expressing mtRUNX1. In addition, the EMs cinobufagin, anisomycin, and narciclasine induced more lethality in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) expressing germline mtRUNX1 from patients with AML compared with HPCs from patients with familial platelet disorder (FPD), or normal untransformed HPCs. These findings highlight novel therapeutic agents for AML expressing somatic or germline mtRUNX1.
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29
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Chokr N, Pine AB, Bewersdorf JP, Shallis RM, Stahl M, Zeidan AM. Getting personal with myelodysplastic syndromes: is now the right time? Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:215-224. [PMID: 30977414 PMCID: PMC6540985 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1592673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Commonly used scoring systems rely on blood counts, histological and cytological examination of bone marrow and peripheral blood as well as cytogenetic assessments to estimate prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and guide therapy decisions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has identified recurrent genetic abnormalities in up to 90% of patients with MDS and may provide important information regarding the pathogenesis of the disease, diagnostic and prognostic evaluation, and therapy selection. Areas covered: Herein, the authors review the role of NGS in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MDS at various disease stages, and discuss advantages and caveats of incorporating molecular genetics in routine management of MDS. While a vast majority of patients harbor recurrent mutations implicated in MDS pathogenesis, similar mutations can be detected in otherwise healthy individuals with other hematologic malignancies. Besides establishing a diagnosis, NGS may be used to monitor minimal residual disease following treatment. Expert opinion: As more targeted therapies become available, assessment of genetic mutations will become central to individualized therapy selection and may improve diagnostic accuracy and further guide management for each patient. However, multiple challenges remain before NGS can be incorporated into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Chokr
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Alexander B. Pine
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Jan Philipp Bewersdorf
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Rory M. Shallis
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Maximilian Stahl
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Amer M. Zeidan
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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30
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Jarzebowski L, Le Bouteiller M, Coqueran S, Raveux A, Vandormael-Pournin S, David A, Cumano A, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Mouse adult hematopoietic stem cells actively synthesize ribosomal RNA. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:1803-1812. [PMID: 30242063 PMCID: PMC6239186 DOI: 10.1261/rna.067843.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of basal cellular processes to the regulation of tissue homeostasis has just started to be appreciated. However, our knowledge of the modulation of ribosome biogenesis activity in situ within specific lineages remains very limited. This is largely due to the lack of assays that enable quantitation of ribosome biogenesis in small numbers of cells in vivo. We used a technique, named Flow-FISH, combining cell surface antibody staining and flow cytometry with intracellular ribosomal RNA (rRNA) FISH, to measure the levels of pre-rRNAs of hematopoietic cells in vivo. Here, we show that Flow-FISH reports and quantifies ribosome biogenesis activity in hematopoietic cell populations, thereby providing original data on this fundamental process notably in rare populations such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We unravel variations in pre-rRNA levels between different hematopoietic progenitor compartments and during erythroid differentiation. In particular, our data indicate that, contrary to what may be anticipated from their quiescent state, hematopoietic stem cells have significant ribosome biogenesis activity. Moreover, variations in pre-rRNA levels do not correlate with proliferation rates, suggesting that cell type-specific mechanisms might regulate ribosome biogenesis in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the cellular physiology of the hematopoietic system in vivo in unperturbed situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Jarzebowski
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marie Le Bouteiller
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sabrina Coqueran
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Aurélien Raveux
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Alexandre David
- Team "Signaling and Cancer," Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier 34094, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphocyte Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
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31
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Menter T, Lundberg P, Wenzel F, Dirks J, Fernandez P, Friess D, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A. RUNX1 Mutations Can Lead to Aberrant Expression of CD79a and PAX5 in Acute Myelogenous Leukemias: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall. Pathobiology 2018; 86:162-166. [PMID: 30396184 DOI: 10.1159/000493688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX1 is a crucial transcription factor for hematological stem cells and well-known for its association with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Besides the translocation t(8; 21) that leads to the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion, somatic mutations of RUNX1 have been discovered. METHODS Four bone marrow trephine biopsies of patients with CD79a-positive and/or PAX5-positive acute leukemias were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), karyotyping, and next-generation sequencing-based genetic analysis. Data were then compared to a historical collective of AML (n = 42) and 42 cases of AML newly diagnosed at our institution between June 2017 and May 2018. RESULTS We report on 4 cases of acute leukemia with an equivocal immunophenotype showing expression of CD79a and/or PAX5, which led to a preliminary histopathologic classification as probable ALL/unclassifiable acute leukemia. All cases were positive for CD34 and TdT but negative for several myeloid markers on IHC. Mutational analysis revealed point mutations and indels of RUNX1 and further mutations typical for AML such as TET2, DNMT3A, and SRSF2, and 2 cases had tetrasomy 13 characteristic of RUNX1 mutant AML. CONCLUSION Aberrant CD79a and/or PAX5 expression can be found in AML cases with RUNX1 mutations even without the translocation t(8; 21). Our series shows the expression of CD79a and PAX5 to be a potential pitfall in the classification of RUNX1 mutant acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Menter
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pontus Lundberg
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedel Wenzel
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dirks
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paula Fernandez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Friess
- Department of Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Olten, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Sun S, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Du J, Gu L. Rasip1 is a RUNX1 target gene and promotes migration of NSCLC cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4537-4552. [PMID: 30349386 PMCID: PMC6190810 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s168438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), an essential regulator of hematopoiesis, is overexpressed in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is correlated with enhanced metastatic ability. Ras-interacting protein 1 (Rasip1), a potential oncogene, is required for blood vessel formation, and recently, it has been shown that Rasip1 is widely expressed in NSCLC patients. We noticed that Rasip1 promoter contains several potential RUNX1-binding sequences. However, the relationship between Rasip1 and RUNX1 in NSCLC is still unknown. In this study, the potential function of RUNX1 involving in Rasip1 expression and the potential role of Rasip1 in lung cancer cells were investigated. Materials and methods Rasip1 and RUNX1 expressions were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in NSCLC cells lines. A549 and H1299 cells were transfected with plasmids or interfering RNA (siRNA) to upregulate or downregulate the expression of Rasip1 and RUNX1. Cell motility was assessed by transwell and wound-healing assay. Location of Rasip1 and RUNX1 was detected via immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, chromatin immunoprecipitation was done using an anti-RUNX1 antibody. Rasip1 promoter was constructed, and cells were lysed for the analysis of luciferase activity. Results In this study, we showed that ectopic expression or knockdown of RUNX1 resulted in a significant increase or reduction in Rasip1 expression, respectively. RUNX1 bound directly to a specific DNA sequence within Rasip1 promoter and modulated its transcription. Furthermore, silencing of Rasip1 inhibited the migration of RUNX1-overexpressing NSCLC cells through inactivation of Rac1 pathway. Moreover, we found that Rasip1 was expressed ubiquitously in NSCLC cells lines and enhanced cell migration. In addition, EGFR signaling was involved both in the expression and the subcellular localization of Rasip1. Conclusion Our data indicated that Rasip1 is regulated in part by the transcription factor RUNX1 and might be developed as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
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Runx1-Stat3 signaling regulates the epithelial stem cells in continuously growing incisors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10906. [PMID: 30026553 PMCID: PMC6053438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent incisors grow permanently and the homeostasis of enamel production is maintained by a continuous supply of epithelial progenitors from putative stem cells in the cervical loop. We herein report that Runx1 regulates the Lgr5-expressing epithelial stem cells and their subsequent continuous differentiation into ameloblasts. Mice deficient in epithelial Runx1 demonstrate remarkable shortening of the incisors with underdevelopment of the cervical loop and enamel defects. In this mutant cervical loop, the proliferation of the dental epithelium was significantly disturbed and the expression of Lgr5 and enamel matrix proteins was remarkably downregulated. Interestingly, the expression of Socs3, an inhibitor of Stat3 signaling, was upregulated and Stat3 phosphorylation was suppressed specifically in the mutant cervical loop. The expression of Lgr5 and the enamel matrix protein in the wild-type incisor germs is disturbed by pharmaceutical Stat3 inhibition in vitro., of. Conversely, pharmaceutical activation of Stat3 rescues the defective phenotypes of the Runx1 mutant with upregulated Lgr5 and enamel matrix protein genes. The present results provide the first evidence of the role of Runx1 regulates the Lgr5-expressing epithelial stem cells and differentiation of ameloblast progenitors in the developing incisors. Our study also demonstrates that Stat3 modulates the Runx1-Lgr5 axis in the cervical loop.
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Cavalcante de Andrade Silva M, Krepischi ACV, Kulikowski LD, Zanardo EA, Nardinelli L, Leal AM, Costa SS, Muto NH, Rocha V, Velloso EDRP. Deletion of RUNX1 exons 1 and 2 associated with familial platelet disorder with propensity to acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet 2018; 222-223:32-37. [PMID: 29666006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Familial platelet disorder with propensity to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD/AML) associated with RUNX1 mutations is an autosomal dominant disorder included in the group of the myeloid neoplasms with germ line predisposition. We describe two brothers who were diagnosed with hematological malignancies (one with AML and the other with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma). There was a history of leukemia in the paternal family and two of their siblings presented with low platelet counts and no history of significant bleeding. A microdeletion encompassing exons 1-2 of RUNX1 (outside the cluster region of the Runt Homology domain and the transactivation domain) was detected in six family members using array-CGH and MLPA validation. A low platelet count was not present in all deletion carriers and, therefore, it should not be used as an indication for screening in suspected families and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cavalcante de Andrade Silva
- Departamento de Hematologia, Laboratório de Citogenética, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho 255, Cerqueira César 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil Rua do Matão, 321, Butantã, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leslie Domenici Kulikowski
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratorio de Citogenomica do LIM 03, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho 255, Cerqueira César 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Evelin Aline Zanardo
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratorio de Citogenomica do LIM 03, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho 255, Cerqueira César 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nardinelli
- Departamento de Hematologia, Laboratório Biologia Tumoral, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho 255, Cerqueira César 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Medeiros Leal
- Departamento de Hematologia, Laboratório de Citogenética, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho 255, Cerqueira César 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil Rua do Matão, 321, Butantã, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nair Hideki Muto
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 Morumbi 05652- 900 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Departamento de Hematologia, Laboratório de Citogenética, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho 255, Cerqueira César 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Hematologia, Laboratório Biologia Tumoral, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho 255, Cerqueira César 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvira Deolinda Rodrigues Pereira Velloso
- Departamento de Hematologia, Laboratório de Citogenética, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho 255, Cerqueira César 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 Morumbi 05652- 900 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Rossmann MP, Orkin SH, Chute JP. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bellissimo DC, Speck NA. RUNX1 Mutations in Inherited and Sporadic Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:111. [PMID: 29326930 PMCID: PMC5742424 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is a recurrently mutated gene in sporadic myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia. Inherited mutations in RUNX1 cause familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD/AML). In sporadic AML, mutations in RUNX1 are usually secondary events, whereas in FPD/AML they are initiating events. Here we will describe mutations in RUNX1 in sporadic AML and in FPD/AML, discuss the mechanisms by which inherited mutations in RUNX1 could elevate the risk of AML in FPD/AML individuals, and speculate on why mutations in RUNX1 are rarely, if ever, the first event in sporadic AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Bellissimo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Oo ZM, Illendula A, Grembecka J, Schmidt C, Zhou Y, Esain V, Kwan W, Frost I, North TE, Rajewski RA, Speck NA, Bushweller JH. A tool compound targeting the core binding factor Runt domain to disrupt binding to CBFβ in leukemic cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:2188-2200. [PMID: 29249175 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1410882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The core binding factor (CBF) gene RUNX1 is a target of chromosomal translocations in leukemia, including t(8;21) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Normal CBF function is essential for activity of AML1-ETO, product of the t(8;21), and for survival of several leukemias lacking RUNX1 mutations. Using virtual screening and optimization, we developed Runt domain inhibitors which bind to the Runt domain and disrupt its interaction with CBFβ. On-target activity was demonstrated by the Runt domain inhibitors' ability to depress hematopoietic cell formation in zebrafish embryos, reduce growth and induce apoptosis of t(8;21) AML cell lines, and reduce progenitor activity of mouse and human leukemia cells harboring the t(8;21), but not normal bone marrow cells. Runt domain inhibitors had similar effects on murine and human T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines. Our results confirmed that Runt domain inhibitors might prove efficacious in various AMLs and in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Min Oo
- a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- c Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- d Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Charles Schmidt
- c Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- c Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- e Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- e Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Isaura Frost
- e Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Trista E North
- e Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Roger A Rajewski
- f Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS , USA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - John H Bushweller
- c Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
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Rossetti S, Anauo MJ, Sacchi N. MiR-221-regulated KIT level by wild type or leukemia mutant RUNX1: a determinant of single myeloblast fate decisions that - collectively - drives or hinders granulopoiesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85783-85793. [PMID: 29156756 PMCID: PMC5689646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1, a master transcription factor of hematopoiesis, was shown to orchestrate both cell proliferation and differentiation during granulopoiesis by regulating microRNAs (miRs). In this study, taking advantage of the miR-ON reporter system, we monitored first, how the granulocyte colony stimulation factor (GCSF) temporally modulates the concomitant level variation of miR-221 and one of its prototypic targets, the stem cell factor receptor KIT, in single 32DmiR-ON-221 myeloblasts expressing wild type RUNX1. Second, with the same reporter system we assessed how these temporal dynamics are affected by the t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myelogenous leukemia mutant RUNX1-MTG8 (RM8) in single 32D-RM8miR-ON-221 myeloblasts. Depending on either wild type, or mutant, RUNX1 transcriptional regulation, the cell-context specific miR-221-regulated KIT level translates into differential single cell fate decisions. Collectively, single cell fate choices translate into either initial expansion of undifferentiated myeloblasts followed by terminal granulocyte differentiation, as it happens in normal granulopoiesis, or aggressive growth of undifferentiated myeloblasts, as it happens in RUNX1-MTG8-positive acute myelogenous leukemia. Increasing knowledge of biological changes, due to altered miRNA dynamics, is expected to have relevant translational implications for leukemia detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rossetti
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Michael J Anauo
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Nicoletta Sacchi
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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Simon L, Lavallée VP, Bordeleau ME, Krosl J, Baccelli I, Boucher G, Lehnertz B, Chagraoui J, MacRae T, Ruel R, Chantigny Y, Lemieux S, Marinier A, Hébert J, Sauvageau G. Chemogenomic Landscape of RUNX1-mutated AML Reveals Importance of RUNX1 Allele Dosage in Genetics and Glucocorticoid Sensitivity. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6969-6981. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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You E, Cho YU, Jang S, Seo EJ, Lee JH, Lee JH, Lee KH, Koh KN, Im HJ, Seo JJ, Park YM, Lee JK, Park CJ. Frequency and Clinicopathologic Features of RUNX1 Mutations in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 148:64-72. [PMID: 28927163 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency and clinicopathologic characteristics of RUNX1 mutations, focusing on patients with acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified (AML NOS). METHODS Diagnostic samples from 219 patients with AML NOS were analyzed for RUNX1 mutations using standard polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. RESULTS Thirty-one RUNX1 mutations were detected in 33 (15.1%) patients. Mutations clustered in the Runt homology (61.3%) and transactivation domains (25.8%). Frameshift mutations were most common (51.6%), followed by missense (41.9%) and nonsense (6.5%) mutations. Patients with RUNX1 mutations had a lower platelet count (P = .013) and shorter relapse-free survival (P = .045) than those without. The presence of RUNX1 and NPM1 or CEBPA mutations was mutually exclusive. A literature review, including our study, showed that patients with RUNX1 mutations were associated with intermediate risk; coexisting mutations such as FLT3-ITD, ASXL1, TET2, and DNMT3A; and a relatively cytogenetic heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strengthen previous data concerning RUNX1 mutations in AML and support the notion that RUNX1 mutational status should be integrated into a diagnostic workup of AML, particularly for AML NOS or an intermediate-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Mi Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Keuk Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Chimge NO, Ahmed-Alnassar S, Frenkel B. Relationship between RUNX1 and AXIN1 in ER-negative versus ER-positive Breast Cancer. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:312-318. [PMID: 28055379 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1237325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 plays opposing roles in breast cancer: a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) disease and an oncogenic role in ER-negative (ER-) tumors. Potentially mediating the former, we have recently reported that RUNX1 prevents estrogen-driven suppression of the mRNA encoding the tumor suppressor AXIN1. Accordingly, AXIN1 protein expression was diminished upon RUNX1 silencing in ER+ breast cancer cells and was positively correlated with AXIN1 protein expression across tumors with high levels of ER. Here we report the surprising observation that RUNX1 and AXIN1 proteins are strongly correlated in ER- tumors as well. However, this correlation is not attributable to regulation of AXIN1 by RUNX1 or vice versa. The unexpected correlation between RUNX1, playing an oncogenic role in ER- breast cancer, and AXIN1, a well-established tumor suppressor hub, may be related to a high ratio between the expression of variant 2 and variant 1 (v2/v1) of AXIN1 in ER- compared with ER+ breast cancer. Although both isoforms are similarly regulated by RUNX1 in estrogen-stimulated ER+ breast cancer cells, the higher v2/v1 ratio in ER- disease is expected to weaken the tumor suppressor activity of AXIN1 in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyam-Osor Chimge
- a Department of Medicine , Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sara Ahmed-Alnassar
- b Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- b Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,d Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Tahirov TH, Bushweller J. Structure and Biophysics of CBFβ/RUNX and Its Translocation Products. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:21-31. [PMID: 28299648 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The core binding factor (CBF) transcription factor is somewhat unique in that it is composed of a DNA binding RUNX subunit (RUNX1, 2, or 3) and a non-DNA binding CBFβ subunit, which modulates RUNX protein activity by modulating the auto-inhibition of the RUNX subunits. Since the discovery of this fascinating transcription factor more than 20 years ago, there has been a robust effort to characterize the structure as well as the biochemical properties of CBF. More recently, these efforts have also extended to the fusion proteins that arise from the subunits of CBF in leukemia. This chapter highlights the work of numerous labs which has provided a detailed understanding of the structure and function of this transcription factor and its fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir H Tahirov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - John Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is essential for disease diagnosis, classification, prognostic stratification, and treatment guidance. Molecular genetic analysis of CEBPA, NPM1, and FLT3 is already standard of care in patients with AML, and mutations in several additional genes are assuming increasing importance. Mutational analysis of certain genes, such as SF3B1, is also becoming an important tool to distinguish subsets of MDS that have different biologic behaviors. It is still uncertain how to optimally combine karyotype with mutation data in diagnosis and risk-stratification of AML and MDS, particularly in cases with multiple mutations and/or several mutationally distinct subclones.
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Daly ME. Transcription factor defects causing platelet disorders. Blood Rev 2016; 31:1-10. [PMID: 27450272 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen increasing recognition of a subgroup of inherited platelet function disorders which are due to defects in transcription factors that are required to regulate megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. Thus, germline mutations in the genes encoding the haematopoietic transcription factors RUNX1, GATA-1, FLI1, GFI1b and ETV6 have been associated with both quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities, and variable bleeding symptoms in the affected patients. Some of the transcription factor defects are also associated with an increased predisposition to haematologic malignancies (RUNX1, ETV6), abnormal erythropoiesis (GATA-1, GFI1b, ETV6) and immune dysfunction (FLI1). The persistence of MYH10 expression in platelets is a surrogate marker for FLI1 and RUNX1 defects. Characterisation of the transcription factor defects that give rise to platelet function disorders, and of the genes that are differentially regulated as a result, are yielding insights into the roles of these genes in platelet formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina E Daly
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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Gaidzik VI, Teleanu V, Papaemmanuil E, Weber D, Paschka P, Hahn J, Wallrabenstein T, Kolbinger B, Köhne CH, Horst HA, Brossart P, Held G, Kündgen A, Ringhoffer M, Götze K, Rummel M, Gerstung M, Campbell P, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Thol F, Heuser M, Schlegelberger B, Ganser A, Bullinger L, Schlenk RF, Döhner K, Döhner H. RUNX1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia are associated with distinct clinico-pathologic and genetic features. Leukemia 2016; 30:2160-2168. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Martinez M, Hinojosa M, Trombly D, Morin V, Stein J, Stein G, Javed A, Gutierrez SE. Transcriptional Auto-Regulation of RUNX1 P1 Promoter. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149119. [PMID: 26901859 PMCID: PMC4762634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 a member of the family of runt related transcription factors (RUNX), is essential for hematopoiesis. The expression of RUNX1 gene is controlled by two promoters; the distal P1 promoter and the proximal P2 promoter. Several isoforms of RUNX1 mRNA are generated through the use of both promoters and alternative splicing. These isoforms not only differs in their temporal expression pattern but also exhibit differences in tissue specificity. The RUNX1 isoforms derived from P2 are expressed in a variety of tissues, but expression of P1-derived isoform is restricted to cells of hematopoietic lineage. However, the control of hematopoietic-cell specific expression is poorly understood. Here we report regulation of P1-derived RUNX1 mRNA by RUNX1 protein. In silico analysis of P1 promoter revealed presence of two evolutionary conserved RUNX motifs, 0.6kb upstream of the transcription start site, and three RUNX motifs within 170bp of the 5'UTR. Transcriptional contribution of these RUNX motifs was studied in myeloid and T-cells. RUNX1 genomic fragment containing all sites show very low basal activity in both cell types. Mutation or deletion of RUNX motifs in the UTR enhances basal activity of the RUNX1 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that RUNX1 protein is recruited to these sites. Overexpression of RUNX1 in non-hematopoietic cells results in a dose dependent activation of the RUNX1 P1 promoter. We also demonstrate that RUNX1 protein regulates transcription of endogenous RUNX1 mRNA in T-cell. Finally we show that SCL transcription factor is recruited to regions containing RUNX motifs in the promoter and the UTR and regulates activity of the RUNX1 P1 promoter in vitro. Thus, multiple lines of evidence show that RUNX1 protein regulates its own gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Marcela Hinojosa
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Daniel Trombly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, 01655, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Violeta Morin
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Janet Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, 01655, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Gary Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, 01655, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Amjad Javed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Soraya E. Gutierrez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- * E-mail:
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The relationship between the nucleolus and cancer: Current evidence and emerging paradigms. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 37-38:36-50. [PMID: 26721423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the most prominent nuclear substructure assigned to produce ribosomes; molecular machines that are responsible for carrying out protein synthesis. To meet the increased demand for proteins during cell growth and proliferation the cell must increase protein synthetic capacity by upregulating ribosome biogenesis. While larger nucleolar size and number have been recognized as hallmark features of many tumor types, recent evidence has suggested that, in addition to overproduction of ribosomes, decreased ribosome biogenesis as well as qualitative changes in this process could also contribute to tumor initiation and cancer progression. Furthermore, the nucleolus has become the focus of intense attention for its involvement in processes that are clearly unrelated to ribosome biogenesis such as sensing and responding to endogenous and exogenous stressors, maintenance of genome stability, regulation of cell-cycle progression, cellular senescence, telomere function, chromatin structure, establishment of nuclear architecture, global regulation of gene expression and biogenesis of multiple ribonucleoprotein particles. The fact that dysregulation of many of these fundamental cellular processes may contribute to the malignant phenotype suggests that normal functioning of the nucleolus safeguards against the development of cancer and indicates its potential as a therapeutic approach. Here we review the recent advances made toward understanding these newly-recognized nucleolar functions and their roles in normal and cancer cells, and discuss possible future research directions.
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Hirade T, Abe M, Onishi C, Taketani T, Yamaguchi S, Fukuda S. Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 deregulates proliferation and differentiation and confers resistance to the FLT3 inhibitor AC220 by Up-regulating RUNX1 expression in hematopoietic cells. Int J Hematol 2015; 103:95-106. [PMID: 26590920 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication in the FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD), which is found in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), causes resistance to FLT3 inhibitors. We found that RUNX1, a transcription factor that regulates normal hematopoiesis, is up-regulated in patients with FLT3/ITD(+) AML. While RUNX1 can function as a tumor suppressor, recent data have shown that RUNX1 is required for AML cell survival. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of RUNX1 in FLT3/ITD signaling. FLT3/ITD induced growth factor-independent proliferation and impaired G-CSF mediated myeloid differentiation in 32D hematopoietic cells, coincident with up-regulation of RUNX1 expression. Silencing of RUNX1 expression significantly decreased proliferation and secondary colony formation, and partially abrogated the impaired myeloid differentiation of FLT3/ITD(+) 32D cells. Although the number of FLT3/ITD(+) 32D cells declined after incubation with the FLT3/ITD inhibitor AC220, the cells became refractory to AC220, concomitant with up-regulation of RUNX1. Silencing of RUNX1 abrogated the emergence and proliferation of AC220-resistant FLT3/ITD(+) 32D cells in the presence of AC220. Our data indicate that FLT3/ITD deregulates cell proliferation and differentiation and confers resistance to AC220 by up-regulating RUNX1 expression. These findings suggest an oncogenic role for RUNX1 in FLT3/ITD(+) cells and that inhibition of RUNX1 function represents a potential therapeutic strategy in patients with refractory FLT3/ITD(+) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hirade
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Mariko Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Chie Onishi
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.,Division of Blood Transfusion, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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Novel Implications of DNA Damage Response in Drug Resistance of Malignant Cancers Obtained from the Functional Interaction between p53 Family and RUNX2. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2854-76. [PMID: 26512706 PMCID: PMC4693260 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During the lifespan of cells, their genomic DNA is continuously exposed to the endogenous and exogenous DNA insults. Thus, the appropriate cellular response to DNA damage plays a pivotal role in maintaining genomic integrity and also acts as a molecular barrier towards DNA legion-mediated carcinogenesis. The tumor suppressor p53 participates in an integral part of proper regulation of DNA damage response (DDR). p53 is frequently mutated in a variety of human cancers. Since mutant p53 displays a dominant-negative behavior against wild-type p53, cancers expressing mutant p53 sometimes acquire drug-resistant phenotype, suggesting that mutant p53 prohibits the p53-dependent cell death pathway following DNA damage, and thereby contributing to the acquisition and/or maintenance of drug resistance of malignant cancers. Intriguingly, we have recently found that silencing of pro-oncogenic RUNX2 enhances drug sensitivity of aggressive cancer cells regardless of p53 status. Meanwhile, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have stem cell properties such as drug resistance. Therefore, the precise understanding of the biology of CSCs is quite important to overcome their drug resistance. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms behind DDR as well as the serious drug resistance of malignant cancers and discuss some attractive approaches to improving the outcomes of patients bearing drug-resistant cancers.
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