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Dubois A, Vincenti L, Chervova A, Greenberg MVC, Vandormael-Pournin S, Bourc'his D, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Navarro P. H3K9 tri-methylation at Nanog times differentiation commitment and enables the acquisition of primitive endoderm fate. Development 2022; 149:276335. [PMID: 35976266 PMCID: PMC9482333 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells have an inherent propensity to explore gene regulatory states associated with either self-renewal or differentiation. This property depends on ERK, which downregulates pluripotency genes such as Nanog. Here, we aimed at identifying repressive histone modifications that would mark Nanog for inactivation in response to ERK activity. We found that the transcription factor ZFP57, which binds methylated DNA to nucleate heterochromatin, is recruited upstream of Nanog, within a region enriched for histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3). Whereas before differentiation H3K9me3 at Nanog depends on ERK, in somatic cells it becomes independent of ERK. Moreover, the loss of H3K9me3 at Nanog, induced by deleting the region or by knocking out DNA methyltransferases or Zfp57, is associated with reduced heterogeneity of NANOG, delayed commitment into differentiation and impaired ability to acquire a primitive endoderm fate. Hence, a network axis centred on DNA methylation, ZFP57 and H3K9me3 links Nanog regulation to ERK activity for the timely establishment of new cell identities. We suggest that establishment of irreversible H3K9me3 at specific master regulators allows the acquisition of particular cell fates during differentiation. Summary: A regulatory axis integrating ERK, ZFP57, DNA and H3K9 methylation underlies the transition of Nanog expression from heterogeneous and dynamic to irreversibly silenced, enabling differentiation commitment and primitive endoderm specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Dubois
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , , F-75015 Paris , France
| | - Loris Vincenti
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , , F-75015 Paris , France
| | - Almira Chervova
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , , F-75015 Paris , France
| | - Maxim V. C. Greenberg
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, CNRS 2 , 75005 Paris , France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod 3 , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , , F-75015 Paris , France
| | - Déborah Bourc'his
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, CNRS 2 , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , , F-75015 Paris , France
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , , F-75015 Paris , France
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2
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Bernard LD, Dubois A, Heurtier V, Fischer V, Gonzalez I, Chervova A, Tachtsidi A, Gil N, Owens N, Bates L, Vandormael-Pournin S, Silva JCR, Ulitsky I, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Navarro P. OCT4 activates a Suv39h1-repressive antisense lncRNA to couple histone H3 Lysine 9 methylation to pluripotency. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7367-7379. [PMID: 35762231 PMCID: PMC9303268 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 Lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation, a characteristic mark of heterochromatin, is progressively implemented during development to contribute to cell fate restriction as differentiation proceeds. Accordingly, in undifferentiated and pluripotent mouse Embryonic Stem (ES) cells the global levels of H3K9 methylation are rather low and increase only upon differentiation. How global H3K9 methylation levels are coupled with the loss of pluripotency remains largely unknown. Here, we identify SUV39H1, a major H3K9 di- and tri-methylase, as an indirect target of the pluripotency network of Transcription Factors (TFs). We find that pluripotency TFs, principally OCT4, activate the expression of Suv39h1as, an antisense long non-coding RNA to Suv39h1. In turn, Suv39h1as downregulates Suv39h1 transcription in cis via a mechanism involving the modulation of the chromatin status of the locus. The targeted deletion of the Suv39h1as promoter region triggers increased SUV39H1 expression and H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 levels, affecting all heterochromatic regions, particularly peri-centromeric major satellites and retrotransposons. This increase in heterochromatinization efficiency leads to accelerated and more efficient commitment into differentiation. We report, therefore, a simple genetic circuitry coupling the genetic control of pluripotency with the global efficiency of H3K9 methylation associated with a major cell fate restriction, the irreversible loss of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure D Bernard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Dubois
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Victor Heurtier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fischer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Inma Gonzalez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Almira Chervova
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Tachtsidi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Noa Gil
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nick Owens
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lawrence E Bates
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - José C R Silva
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Navarro
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 145688285;
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Owens N, Papadopoulou T, Festuccia N, Tachtsidi A, Gonzalez I, Dubois A, Vandormael-Pournin S, Nora EP, Bruneau BG, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Navarro P. CTCF confers local nucleosome resiliency after DNA replication and during mitosis. eLife 2019; 8:e47898. [PMID: 31599722 PMCID: PMC6844645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The access of Transcription Factors (TFs) to their cognate DNA binding motifs requires a precise control over nucleosome positioning. This is especially important following DNA replication and during mitosis, both resulting in profound changes in nucleosome organization over TF binding regions. Using mouse Embryonic Stem (ES) cells, we show that the TF CTCF displaces nucleosomes from its binding site and locally organizes large and phased nucleosomal arrays, not only in interphase steady-state but also immediately after replication and during mitosis. Correlative analyses suggest this is associated with fast gene reactivation following replication and mitosis. While regions bound by other TFs (Oct4/Sox2), display major rearrangement, the post-replication and mitotic nucleosome positioning activity of CTCF is not unique: Esrrb binding regions are also characterized by persistent nucleosome positioning. Therefore, selected TFs such as CTCF and Esrrb act as resilient TFs governing the inheritance of nucleosome positioning at regulatory regions throughout the cell-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Owens
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Thaleia Papadopoulou
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Nicola Festuccia
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Alexandra Tachtsidi
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerParisFrance
- Sorbonne Université, Collège DoctoralParisFrance
| | - Inma Gonzalez
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Agnes Dubois
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerParisFrance
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
| | - Elphège P Nora
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738ParisFrance
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyInstitut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738ParisFrance
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerParisFrance
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4
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Bessonnard S, Vandormael-Pournin S, Coqueran S, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Artus J. PDGF Signaling in Primitive Endoderm Cell Survival Is Mediated by PI3K-mTOR Through p53-Independent Mechanism. Stem Cells 2019; 37:888-898. [PMID: 30913328 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways are key regulators for the formation of the primitive endoderm (PrE) and the epiblast (Epi) from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse preimplantation embryo. Among them, FGF signaling is critical for PrE cell specification, whereas PDGF signaling is critical for the survival of committed PrE cells. Here, we investigated possible functional redundancies among FGF, PDGF, and KIT signaling and showed that only PDGF signaling is involved in PrE cell survival. In addition, we analyzed the effectors downstream of PDGFRα. Our results suggest that the role of PDGF signaling in PrE cell survival is mediated through PI3K-mTOR and independently from p53. Lastly, we uncovered a role for PI3K-mTOR signaling in the survival of Epi cells. Taken together, we propose that survival of ICM cell lineages relies on the regulation of PI3K-mTOR signaling through the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Stem Cells 2019;37:888-898.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bessonnard
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | | | - Sabrina Coqueran
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Artus
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
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5
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Jarzebowski L, Le Bouteiller M, Coqueran S, Raveux A, Vandormael-Pournin S, David A, Cumano A, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Mouse adult hematopoietic stem cells actively synthesize ribosomal RNA. RNA 2018; 24:1803-1812. [PMID: 30242063 PMCID: PMC6239186 DOI: 10.1261/rna.067843.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of basal cellular processes to the regulation of tissue homeostasis has just started to be appreciated. However, our knowledge of the modulation of ribosome biogenesis activity in situ within specific lineages remains very limited. This is largely due to the lack of assays that enable quantitation of ribosome biogenesis in small numbers of cells in vivo. We used a technique, named Flow-FISH, combining cell surface antibody staining and flow cytometry with intracellular ribosomal RNA (rRNA) FISH, to measure the levels of pre-rRNAs of hematopoietic cells in vivo. Here, we show that Flow-FISH reports and quantifies ribosome biogenesis activity in hematopoietic cell populations, thereby providing original data on this fundamental process notably in rare populations such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We unravel variations in pre-rRNA levels between different hematopoietic progenitor compartments and during erythroid differentiation. In particular, our data indicate that, contrary to what may be anticipated from their quiescent state, hematopoietic stem cells have significant ribosome biogenesis activity. Moreover, variations in pre-rRNA levels do not correlate with proliferation rates, suggesting that cell type-specific mechanisms might regulate ribosome biogenesis in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the cellular physiology of the hematopoietic system in vivo in unperturbed situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Jarzebowski
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marie Le Bouteiller
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sabrina Coqueran
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Aurélien Raveux
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Alexandre David
- Team "Signaling and Cancer," Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier 34094, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphocyte Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Early Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
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6
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Ngondo RP, Cirera-Salinas D, Yu J, Wischnewski H, Bodak M, Vandormael-Pournin S, Geiselmann A, Wettstein R, Luitz J, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Ciaudo C. Argonaute 2 Is Required for Extra-embryonic Endoderm Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:461-476. [PMID: 29396181 PMCID: PMC5830960 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse, although four Argonaute (AGO) proteins with partly overlapping functions in small-RNA pathways exist, only Ago2 deficiency causes embryonic lethality. To investigate the role of AGO2 during mouse early development, we generated Ago2-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and performed a detailed characterization of their differentiation potential. Ago2 disruption caused a global reduction of microRNAs, which resulted in the misregulation of only a limited number of transcripts. We demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro, that AGO2 is dispensable for the embryonic germ-layer formation. However, Ago2-deficient mESCs showed a specific defect during conversion into extra-embryonic endoderm cells. We proved that this defect is cell autonomous and can be rescued by both a catalytically active and an inactive Ago2, but not by Ago2 deprived of its RNA binding capacity or by Ago1 overexpression. Overall, our results suggest a role for AGO2 in stem cell differentiation. Ago2 deletion strongly affects microRNA but not mRNA levels in mESCs AGO2 is dispensable for mESC self-renewal and formation of embryonic germ layers AGO2 but not AGO1 is required for GATA6 expression during XEN conversion of mESCs AGO2 is essential for the in vitro expression of extra-embryonic endoderm genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Patryk Ngondo
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Cirera-Salinas
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jian Yu
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harry Wischnewski
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Bodak
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Anna Geiselmann
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Rahel Wettstein
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janina Luitz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Constance Ciaudo
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, IMHS, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Bessonnard S, Coqueran S, Vandormael-Pournin S, Dufour A, Artus J, Cohen-Tannoudji M. ICM conversion to epiblast by FGF/ERK inhibition is limited in time and requires transcription and protein degradation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12285. [PMID: 28947813 PMCID: PMC5612930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inner cell Mass (ICM) specification into epiblast (Epi) and primitive endoderm (PrE) is an asynchronous and progressive process taking place between E3.0 to E3.75 under the control of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Here, we have analyzed in details the kinetics of specification and found that ICM cell responsiveness to the up and down regulation of FGF signaling activity are temporally distinct. We also showed that PrE progenitors are generated later than Epi progenitors. We further demonstrated that, during this late phase of specification, a 4 hours period of FGF/ERK inhibition prior E3.75 is sufficient to convert ICM cells into Epi. Finally, we showed that ICM conversion into Epi in response to inhibition during this short time window requires both transcription and proteasome degradation. Collectively, our data give new insights into the timing and mechanisms involved in the process of ICM specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bessonnard
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Coqueran
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dufour
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, CNRS UMR 3691, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR935, Paul Brousse Hospital, University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Jérôme Artus
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France. .,INSERM UMR935, Paul Brousse Hospital, University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, University Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, France.
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France.
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8
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Bessonnard S, Bassalert C, Coqueran S, Vandormael-Pournin S, Dufour A, Chazaud C, Artus J, Cohen-tannoudji M. ICM conversion to epiblast by FGF/ERK inhibition is limited in time and requires transcription and protein degradation. Mech Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Raveux A, Vandormael-Pournin S, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Optimization of the production of knock-in alleles by CRISPR/Cas9 microinjection into the mouse zygote. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42661. [PMID: 28209967 PMCID: PMC5314402 DOI: 10.1038/srep42661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microinjection of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in zygotes is an efficient and comparatively fast method to generate genetically modified mice. So far, only few knock-in mice have been generated using this approach, and because no systematic study has been performed, parameters controlling the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted insertion are not fully established. Here, we evaluated the effect of several parameters on knock-in efficiency changing only one variable at a time. We found that knock-in efficiency was dependent on injected Cas9 mRNA and single-guide RNA concentrations and that cytoplasmic injection resulted in more genotypic complexity compared to pronuclear injection. Our results also indicated that injection into the pronucleus compared to the cytoplasm is preferable to generate knock-in alleles with an oligonucleotide or a circular plasmid. Finally, we showed that Cas9D10A nickase variant was less efficient than wild-type Cas9 for generating knock-in alleles and caused a higher rate of mosaicism. Thus, our study provides valuable information that will help to improve the future production of precise genetic modifications in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Raveux
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015 Paris
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015 Paris
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, UMR 3738, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015 Paris
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10
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Festuccia N, Dubois A, Vandormael-Pournin S, Gallego Tejeda E, Mouren A, Bessonnard S, Mueller F, Proux C, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Navarro P. Mitotic binding of Esrrb marks key regulatory regions of the pluripotency network. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1139-1148. [PMID: 27723719 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells maintain their identity throughout virtually infinite cell divisions. This phenomenon, referred to as self-renewal, depends on a network of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) and requires daughter cells to accurately reproduce the gene expression pattern of the mother. However, dramatic chromosomal changes take place in mitosis, generally leading to the eviction of TFs from chromatin. Here, we report that Esrrb, a major pluripotency TF, remains bound to key regulatory regions during mitosis. We show that mitotic Esrrb binding is highly dynamic, driven by specific recognition of its DNA-binding motif and is associated with early transcriptional activation of target genes after completion of mitosis. These results indicate that Esrrb may act as a mitotic bookmarking factor, opening another perspective to molecularly understand the role of sequence-specific TFs in the epigenetic control of self-renewal, pluripotency and genome reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Festuccia
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental &Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Dubois
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental &Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental &Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Elena Gallego Tejeda
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental &Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Mouren
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental &Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Bessonnard
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental &Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Florian Mueller
- Imaging and Modelling, Department of Cell Biology &Infections, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Caroline Proux
- Transcriptome and EpiGenome, BioMics, Center for Innovation and Technological Research, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental &Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental &Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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11
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Souilhol C, Perea-Gomez A, Camus A, Beck-Cormier S, Vandormael-Pournin S, Escande M, Collignon J, Cohen-Tannoudji M. NOTCH activation interferes with cell fate specification in the gastrulating mouse embryo. Development 2016; 142:3649-60. [PMID: 26534985 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH signalling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway involved in intercellular communication essential for cell fate choices during development. Although dispensable for early aspects of mouse development, canonical RBPJ-dependent NOTCH signalling has been shown to influence lineage commitment during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. NOTCH activation in ESCs promotes the acquisition of a neural fate, whereas its suppression favours their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. This suggests that NOTCH signalling is implicated in the acquisition of distinct embryonic fates at early stages of mammalian development. In order to investigate in vivo such a role for NOTCH signalling in shaping cell fate specification, we use genetic approaches to constitutively activate the NOTCH pathway in the mouse embryo. Early embryonic development, including the establishment of anterior-posterior polarity, is not perturbed by forced NOTCH activation. By contrast, widespread NOTCH activity in the epiblast triggers dramatic gastrulation defects. These are fully rescued in a RBPJ-deficient background. Epiblast-specific NOTCH activation induces acquisition of neurectoderm identity and disrupts the formation of specific mesodermal precursors including the derivatives of the anterior primitive streak, the mouse organiser. In addition, we show that forced NOTCH activation results in misregulation of NODAL signalling, a major determinant of early embryonic patterning. Our study reveals a previously unidentified role for canonical NOTCH signalling during mammalian gastrulation. It also exemplifies how in vivo studies can shed light on the mechanisms underlying cell fate specification during in vitro directed differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Souilhol
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France CNRS URA 2578, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Aitana Perea-Gomez
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Anne Camus
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Sarah Beck-Cormier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France CNRS URA 2578, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France CNRS URA 2578, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Marie Escande
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France CNRS URA 2578, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Jérôme Collignon
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France CNRS URA 2578, Paris F-75015, France
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12
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Vandormael-Pournin S, Guigon CJ, Ishaq M, Coudouel N, Avé P, Huerre M, Magre S, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Oocyte-specific inactivation of Omcg1 leads to DNA damage and c-Abl/TAp63-dependent oocyte death associated with dramatic remodeling of ovarian somatic cells. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:108-17. [PMID: 25168238 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant loss of oocytes following cancer treatments or genetic mutations leads to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) associated with endocrine-related disorders in 1% of women. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms governing oocyte death is crucial for the preservation of female fertility. Here, we report the striking reproductive features of a novel mouse model of POI obtained through oocyte-specific inactivation (ocKO) of Omcg1/Zfp830 encoding a nuclear zinc finger protein involved in pre-mRNA processing. Genetic ablation of OMCG1 in early growing oocytes leads to reduced transcription, accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and subsequent c-Abl/TAp63-dependent oocyte death, thus uncovering the key role of OMCG1 for oocyte genomic integrity. All adult Omcg1(ocKO) females displayed complete elimination of early growing oocytes and sterility. Unexpectedly, mutant females exhibited a normal onset of puberty and sexual receptivity. Detailed studies of Omcg1(ocKO) ovaries revealed that the ovarian somatic compartment underwent a dramatic structural and functional remodeling. This allowed the cooperation between oocyte-depleted follicles and interstitial tissue to produce estradiol. Moreover, despite early folliculogenesis arrest, mutant mice exhibited sexual cyclicity as shown by cyclical changes in estrogen secretion, vaginal epithelium cytology and genital tract weight. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the key role of Omcg1 for oocyte survival and highlight the contribution of p63 pathway in damaged oocyte elimination in adulthood. Moreover, our findings challenge the prevailing view that sexual cyclicity is tightly dependent upon the pace of folliculogenesis and luteal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vandormael-Pournin
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France [2] CNRS URA 2578, Paris F-75015, France
| | - C J Guigon
- 1] INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, Paris F-75013, France [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France [3] CNRS, UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris F-75013, France
| | - M Ishaq
- 1] INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, Paris F-75013, France [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France [3] CNRS, UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris F-75013, France
| | - N Coudouel
- 1] INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, Paris F-75013, France [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France [3] CNRS, UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris F-75013, France
| | - P Avé
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Paris F-75015, France
| | - M Huerre
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Paris F-75015, France
| | - S Magre
- 1] INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, Paris F-75013, France [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France [3] CNRS, UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris F-75013, France
| | - J Cohen-Tannoudji
- 1] INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, Paris F-75013, France [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France [3] CNRS, UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris F-75013, France
| | - M Cohen-Tannoudji
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France [2] CNRS URA 2578, Paris F-75015, France
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13
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Beck-Cormier S, Escande M, Souilhol C, Vandormael-Pournin S, Sourice S, Pilet P, Babinet C, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Notchless is required for axial skeleton formation in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98507. [PMID: 24875805 PMCID: PMC4038589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cell survival is essential for proper embryonic development. In the mouse, Notchless homolog 1 (Drosophila) (Nle1) is instrumental for survival of cells of the inner cell mass upon implantation. Here, we analyze the function of Nle1 after implantation using the Meox2tm1(cre)Sor mouse that expresses the Cre recombinase specifically in the epiblast at E5.5. First, we find that NLE1 function is required in epiblast cells, as Nle1-deficient cells are rapidly eliminated. In this report, we also show that the Meox2Cre transgene is active in specific tissues during organogenesis. In particular, we detect high Cre expression in the vertebral column, ribs, limbs and tailbud. We took advantage of this dynamic expression profile to analyze the effects of inducing mosaic deletion of Nle1 in the embryo. We show that Nle1 deletion in this context, results in severe developmental anomalies leading to lethality at birth. Mutant embryos display multiple developmental defects in particular during axial skeletal formation. We also provide evidence that axial defects are due to an increase in apoptotic cell death in the somite at E9.5. These data demonstrate an essential role for Nle1 during organogenesis and in particular during axial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beck-Cormier
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Escande
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Céline Souilhol
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sourice
- Institut National de la Santé et de la recherche Médicale, U791, LIOAD, STEP group “Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology”, Nantes, France
| | - Paul Pilet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la recherche Médicale, U791, LIOAD, STEP group “Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology”, Nantes, France
| | - Charles Babinet
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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14
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Le Bouteiller M, Souilhol C, Beck-Cormier S, Stedman A, Burlen-Defranoux O, Vandormael-Pournin S, Bernex F, Cumano A, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Notchless-dependent ribosome synthesis is required for the maintenance of adult hematopoietic stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2351-69. [PMID: 24062412 PMCID: PMC3804936 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conditional deletion of Notchless leads to rapid deletion and exhaustion of HSCs and early progenitor cells, whereas committed progenitor cells survive as a result of differences in ribosomal biogenesis. Blood cell production relies on the coordinated activities of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent and lineage-restricted progenitors. Here, we identify Notchless (Nle) as a critical factor for HSC maintenance under both homeostatic and cytopenic conditions. Nle deficiency leads to a rapid and drastic exhaustion of HSCs and immature progenitors and failure to maintain quiescence in HSCs. In contrast, Nle is dispensable for cycling-restricted progenitors and differentiated cells. In yeast, Nle/Rsa4 is essential for ribosome biogenesis, and we show that its role in pre-60S subunit maturation has been conserved in the mouse. Despite its implication in this basal cellular process, Nle deletion affects ribosome biogenesis only in HSCs and immature progenitors. Ribosome biogenesis defects are accompanied by p53 activation, which causes their rapid exhaustion. Collectively, our findings establish an essential role for Nle in HSC and immature progenitor functions and uncover previously unsuspected differences in ribosome biogenesis that distinguish stem cells from restricted progenitor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Le Bouteiller
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, F-75015 Paris, France
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15
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Fenina M, Simon-Chazottes D, Vandormael-Pournin S, Soueid J, Langa F, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Bernard BA, Panthier JJ. I-SceI-mediated double-strand break does not increase the frequency of homologous recombination at the Dct locus in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39895. [PMID: 22761925 PMCID: PMC3383693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) at natural endogenous loci was shown to increase the rate of gene replacement by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. The gene encoding dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) is specifically expressed in melanocytes and their precursors. To construct a genetic tool allowing the replacement of Dct gene by any gene of interest, we generated an embryonic stem cell line carrying the recognition site for the yeast I-SceI meganuclease embedded in the Dct genomic segment. The embryonic stem cell line was electroporated with an I-SceI expression plasmid, and a template for the DSB-repair process that carried sequence homologies to the Dct target. The I-SceI meganuclease was indeed able to introduce a DSB at the Dct locus in live embryonic stem cells. However, the level of gene targeting was not improved by the DSB induction, indicating a limited capacity of I-SceI to mediate homologous recombination at the Dct locus. These data suggest that homologous recombination by meganuclease-induced DSB may be locus dependent in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Fenina
- Mouse functional Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Life Sciences Department, L’Oréal Recherche and Innovation, Clichy, France
| | - Dominique Simon-Chazottes
- Mouse functional Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Jihane Soueid
- Mouse functional Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Francina Langa
- Mouse Genetics Engineering Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Mouse functional Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bruno A. Bernard
- Life Sciences Department, L’Oréal Recherche and Innovation, Clichy, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Panthier
- Mouse functional Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Léguillier T, Vandormael-Pournin S, Artus J, Houlard M, Picard C, Bernex F, Robine S, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Omcg1 is critically required for mitosis in rapidly dividing mouse intestinal progenitors and embryonic stem cells. Biol Open 2012; 1:648-57. [PMID: 23213458 PMCID: PMC3507298 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that factors involved in transcription-coupled mRNA processing are important for the maintenance of genome integrity. How these processes are linked and regulated in vivo remains largely unknown. In this study, we addressed in the mouse model the function of Omcg1, which has been shown to participate in co-transcriptional processes, including splicing and transcription-coupled repair. Using inducible mouse models, we found that Omcg1 is most critically required in intestinal progenitors. In absence of OMCG1, proliferating intestinal epithelial cells underwent abnormal mitosis followed by apoptotic cell death. As a consequence, the crypt proliferative compartment of the small intestine was quickly and totally abrogated leading to the rapid death of the mice. Lack of OMCG1 in embryonic stem cells led to a similar cellular phenotype, with multiple mitotic defects and rapid cell death. We showed that mutant intestinal progenitors and embryonic stem cells exhibited a reduced cell cycle arrest following irradiation, suggesting that mitotic defects may be consecutive to M phase entry with unrepaired DNA damages. These findings unravel a crucial role for pre-mRNA processing in the homeostasis of the small intestine and point to a major role of OMCG1 in the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Léguillier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement , 25 rue du docteur Roux, F-75015 Paris , France ; CNRS URA 2578, F-75015 Paris , France
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17
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Jouneau A, Ciaudo C, Sismeiro O, Brochard V, Jouneau L, Vandormael-Pournin S, Coppée JY, Zhou Q, Heard E, Antoniewski C, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Naive and primed murine pluripotent stem cells have distinct miRNA expression profiles. RNA 2012; 18:253-264. [PMID: 22201644 PMCID: PMC3264912 DOI: 10.1261/rna.028878.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, the microRNA (miRNA) pathway has emerged as a key component of the regulatory network of pluripotency. Although clearly distinct states of pluripotency have been described in vivo and ex vivo, differences in miRNA expression profiles associated with the developmental modulation of pluripotency have not been extensively studied so far. Here, we performed deep sequencing to profile miRNA expression in naive (embryonic stem cell [ESC]) and primed (epiblast stem cell [EpiSC]) pluripotent stem cells derived from mouse embryos of identical genetic background. We developed a graphical representation method allowing the rapid identification of miRNAs with an atypical profile including mirtrons, a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)-derived miRNA, and miRNAs whose biogenesis may differ between ESC and EpiSC. Comparison of mature miRNA profiles revealed that ESCs and EpiSCs exhibit very different miRNA signatures with one third of miRNAs being differentially expressed between the two cell types. Notably, differential expression of several clusters, including miR290-295, miR17-92, miR302/367, and a large repetitive cluster on chromosome 2, was observed. Our analysis also showed that differentiation priming of EpiSC compared to ESC is evidenced by changes in miRNA expression. These dynamic changes in miRNAs signature are likely to reflect both redundant and specific roles of miRNAs in the fine-tuning of pluripotency during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Jouneau
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- ENVA, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Constance Ciaudo
- CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Brochard
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- ENVA, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- ENVA, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Département de Biologie du Développement, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, F-75015 Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2578, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Edith Heard
- CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Antoniewski
- CNRS URA 2578, F-75015 Paris, France
- Drosophila Genetics and Epigenetics, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Département de Biologie du Développement, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, F-75015 Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2578, F-75015 Paris, France
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18
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Houlard M, Artus J, Léguillier T, Vandormael-Pournin S, Cohen-Tannoudji M. DNA-RNA hybrids contribute to the replication dependent genomic instability induced by Omcg1 deficiency. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:108-17. [PMID: 21191184 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.1.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During S phase, the replisome has to overcome many physical obstacles that can cause replication fork stalling and compromise genome integrity. Transcription is an important source of replicative stress and consequently, maintenance of genome integrity requires the protection of chromosomes from the deleterious effects arising from the interaction between nascent RNAs and template DNA, leading to stable DNA-RNA hybrids (R-loop) formation. We previously reported the essential role of Omcg1 (Ovum Mutant Candidate Gene) for cell cycle progression during early embryonic development. Here, we show that OMCG1 is a target of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases ATR/ATM and is essential for S phase progression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Using a conditional gene inactivation strategy, we demonstrate that OMCG1 depletion impairs cell viability as a consequence of DSB formation, checkpoint activation and replication fork collapse. We also show that no chromosome breaks were generated in non-cycling Omcg1-deficient cells. Furthermore, increased RNaseH expression significantly alleviated genomic instability in deficient fibroblasts suggesting that cotranscriptional R-loops formation contributes to the genesis of replication-dependent DSBs in these cells. Together with recent reports describing its participation to complexes involved in cotanscriptional processes, our results suggest that OMCG1 plays a role in the tight coupling between mRNA processing pathways and maintenance of genome integrity during cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Houlard
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Département de Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 2578, Paris, France
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Souilhol C, Le Bouteiller M, Beck-Cormier S, Burlen-Defranoux O, Vandormael-Pournin S, Mordelet E, Berneix F, Cumano A, Cohen-Tannoudji M. 17-P017 Notchless regulates adult hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Mech Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Souilhol C, Cormier S, Monet M, Vandormael-Pournin S, Joutel A, Babinet C, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Nas transgenic mouse line allows visualization of Notch pathway activity in vivo. Genesis 2006; 44:277-86. [PMID: 16708386 PMCID: PMC2734965 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays multiple and important roles in mammals. However, several aspects of its action, in particular, the precise mapping of its sites of activity, remain unclear. To address this issue, we generated a transgenic line carrying a construct consisting of a nls-lacZ reporter gene under the control of a minimal promoter and multiple RBP-Jkappa binding sites. Here we show that this transgenic line, which we termed NAS (for Notch Activity Sensor), displays an expression profile that is consistent with current knowledge on Notch activity sites in mice, even though it may not report on all these sites. Moreover, we observe that NAS transgene expression is abolished in a RBP-Jkappa-deficient background, indicating that it indeed requires Notch/RBP-Jkappa signaling pathway activity. Thus, the NAS transgenic line constitutes a valuable and versatile tool to gain further insights into the complex and various functions of the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Souilhol
- Biologie du Développement
CNRS : URA2578Institut Pasteur de Paris28, rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Sarah Cormier
- Biologie du Développement
CNRS : URA2578Institut Pasteur de Paris28, rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Marie Monet
- Genetique des Maladies Vasculaires
INSERM : U740Université Denis Diderot - Paris VIIFac de Medecine Lariboisiere-St Louis PARIS VII 10, Avenue de Verdun 75010 PARIS ,FR
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Biologie du Développement
CNRS : URA2578Institut Pasteur de Paris28, rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Anne Joutel
- Genetique des Maladies Vasculaires
INSERM : U740Université Denis Diderot - Paris VIIFac de Medecine Lariboisiere-St Louis PARIS VII 10, Avenue de Verdun 75010 PARIS ,FR
| | - Charles Babinet
- Biologie du Développement
CNRS : URA2578Institut Pasteur de Paris28, rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Biologie du Développement
CNRS : URA2578Institut Pasteur de Paris28, rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
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Cormier S, Le Bras S, Souilhol C, Vandormael-Pournin S, Durand B, Babinet C, Baldacci P, Cohen-Tannoudji M. The murine ortholog of notchless, a direct regulator of the notch pathway in Drosophila melanogaster, is essential for survival of inner cell mass cells. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:3541-9. [PMID: 16611995 PMCID: PMC1447417 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.9.3541-3549.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway involved in intercellular communication and is essential for proper cell fate choices. Numerous genes participate in the modulation of the Notch signaling pathway activity. Among them, Notchless (Nle) is a direct regulator of the Notch activity identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we characterized the murine ortholog of Nle and demonstrated that it has conserved the ability to modulate Notch signaling. We also generated mice deficient for mouse Nle (mNle) and showed that its disruption resulted in embryonic lethality shortly after implantation. In late mNle(-/-) blastocysts, inner cell mass (ICM) cells died through a caspase 3-dependent apoptotic process. Most deficient embryos exhibited a delay in the temporal down-regulation of Oct4 expression in the trophectoderm (TE). However, mNle-deficient TE was able to induce decidual swelling in vivo and properly differentiated in vitro. Hence, our results indicate that mNle is mainly required in ICM cells, being instrumental for their survival, and raise the possibility that the death of mNle-deficient embryos might result from abnormal Notch signaling during the first steps of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cormier
- Unité Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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22
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Artus J, Vandormael-Pournin S, Frödin M, Nacerddine K, Babinet C, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Impaired mitotic progression and preimplantation lethality in mice lacking OMCG1, a new evolutionarily conserved nuclear protein. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:6289-302. [PMID: 15988037 PMCID: PMC1168835 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.14.6289-6302.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While highly conserved through evolution, the cell cycle has been extensively modified to adapt to new developmental programs. Recently, analyses of mouse mutants revealed that several important cell cycle regulators are either dispensable for development or have a tissue- or cell-type-specific function, indicating that many aspects of cell cycle regulation during mammalian embryo development remain to be elucidated. Here, we report on the characterization of a new gene, Omcg1, which codes for a nuclear zinc finger protein. Embryos lacking Omcg1 die by the end of preimplantation development. In vitro cultured Omcg1-null blastocysts exhibit a dramatic reduction in the total cell number, a high mitotic index, and the presence of abnormal mitotic figures. Importantly, we found that Omcg1 disruption results in the lengthening of M phase rather than in a mitotic block. We show that the mitotic delay in Omcg1-/- embryos is associated with neither a dysfunction of the spindle checkpoint nor abnormal global histone modifications. Taken together, these results suggest that Omcg1 is an important regulator of the cell cycle in the preimplantation embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Artus
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Cormier S, Vandormael-Pournin S, Babinet C, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Developmental expression of the Notch signaling pathway genes during mouse preimplantation development. Gene Expr Patterns 2005; 4:713-7. [PMID: 15465494 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway involved in intercellular signaling and essential for proper cell fate choices during development. Thus, it could be involved in mouse preimplantation development where intercellular signaling plays a crucial role, particularly between the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. At their face value, the phenotypes observed when disrupting each of the four Notch genes known in the mouse do not support this view as none of them involves perturbation of preimplantation development. However this could be due to functional redundancy and/or maternal expression. As a first step to address this issue, we decided to examine the expression in early development of various genes known to participate in Notch signaling. Here, we report on the expression pattern of Notch1-4, Jagged1 (Jag1), Jag2, Delta-like1 (Dll-1), Dll-3, Dll-4, Rbpsuh, Deltex1(Dtx1)and Dtx2 genes during preimplantation development from unfertilized eggs until late blastocyst stage using a RT-PCR strategy. We show that Notch1, 2, Jag1-2, Dll-3, Rbpsuh and Dtx2 transcripts are expressed at all stages. Notch4 and Dll-4 mRNAs are synthesized from the 2-cell through to the hatched blastocyst stage. Notch3, Dll-1 and Dtx1exhibit a stage dependent expression as their mRNAs are detected in 2-cell embryos and in hatched blastocysts, but are absent or weakly detected at the morula stage. Finally, we show that all the above genes are expressed both in Embryonic and Trophoblast Stem cells (ES and TS cells, respectively). Our results suggest that the Notch pathway may be active during mouse preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cormier
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 2578, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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24
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Coumailleau F, Das V, Alcover A, Raposo G, Vandormael-Pournin S, Le Bras S, Baldacci P, Dautry-Varsat A, Babinet C, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Over-expression of Rififylin, a new RING finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein, inhibits recycling from the endocytic recycling compartment. Mol Biol Cell 2004; 15:4444-56. [PMID: 15229288 PMCID: PMC519139 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-04-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosed membrane components are recycled to the cell surface either directly from early/sorting endosomes or after going through the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). Studying recycling mechanisms is difficult, in part due to the fact that specific tools to inhibit this process are scarce. In this study, we have characterized a novel widely expressed protein, named Rififylin (Rffl) for RING Finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein, that, when overexpressed in HeLa cells, induced the condensation of transferrin receptor-, Rab5-, and Rab11-positive recycling tubulovesicular membranes in the perinuclear region. Internalized transferrin was able to access these condensed endosomes but its exit from this compartment was delayed. Using deletion mutants, we show that the carboxy-terminal RING finger of Rffl is dispensable for its action. In contrast, the amino-terminal domain of Rffl, which shows similarities with the phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-binding FYVE finger, is critical for the recruitment of Rffl to recycling endocytic membranes and for the inhibition of recycling, albeit in a manner that is independent of PtdIns(3)-kinase activity. Rffl overexpression represents a novel means to inhibit recycling that will help to understand the mechanisms involved in recycling from the ERC to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Coumailleau
- Unité Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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25
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Le Bras S, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Guyot V, Vandormael-Pournin S, Coumailleau F, Babinet C, Baldacci P. Transcript map of the Ovum mutant (Om) locus: isolation by exon trapping of new candidate genes for the DDK syndrome. Gene 2002; 296:75-86. [PMID: 12383505 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The DDK syndrome is defined as the embryonic lethality of F1 mouse embryos from crosses between DDK females and males from other strains (named hereafter as non-DDK strains). Genetically controlled by the Ovum mutant (Om) locus, it is due to a deleterious interaction between a maternal factor present in DDK oocytes and the non-DDK paternal pronucleus. Therefore, the DDK syndrome constitutes a unique genetic tool to study the crucial interactions that take place between the parental genomes and the egg cytoplasm during mammalian development. In this paper, we present an extensive analysis performed by exon trapping on the Om region. Twenty-seven trapped sequences were from genes in the databases: beta-adaptin, CCT zeta2, DNA LigaseIII, Notchless, Rad51l3 and Scya1. Twenty-eight other sequences presented similarities with expressed sequence tags and genomic sequences whereas 57 did not. The pattern of expression of 37 of these markers was established. Importantly, five of them are expressed in DDK oocytes and are candidate genes for the maternal factor, and 20 are candidate genes for the paternal factor since they are expressed in testis. This data is an important step towards identifying the genes responsible for the DDK syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Le Bras
- Unité Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 1960, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Langa F, Lafon I, Vandormael-Pournin S, Vidaud M, Babinet C, Morello D. Healthy mice with an altered c-myc gene: role of the 3' untranslated region revisited. Oncogene 2001; 20:4344-53. [PMID: 11466615 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2001] [Revised: 03/07/2001] [Accepted: 03/21/2001] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
c-Myc is a protooncogene involved in the control of cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Like many other early response genes, regulation of c-myc expression is mainly controlled at the level of mRNA stability. Multiple cis-acting destabilizing elements have been described that are located both in the protein-coding region and in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). However, it is not known when they function during development and whether they act as partly redundant or independent elements to regulate c-myc mRNA level of expression. To begin to address these questions, we created a series of c-myc alleles modified in the 3' UTR, using homologous recombination and the Cre/loxP system, and analysed the consequences of these modifications in ES cells and transgenic animals. We found that deletion of the complete 3' UTR, including runs of Us and AU-rich elements proposed, on the basis of cell-culture assays, to be involved in the control of c-myc mRNA stability, did not alter the steady-state level of c-myc mRNA in any of the various situations analysed in vivo. Moreover, mice homozygous for the 3' UTR-deleted gene were perfectly healthy and fertile. Our results therefore strongly suggest that the 3' UTR of c-myc mRNA does not play a major role in the developmental control of c-myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Langa
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 1960, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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27
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Lecuit M, Vandormael-Pournin S, Lefort J, Huerre M, Gounon P, Dupuy C, Babinet C, Cossart P. A transgenic model for listeriosis: role of internalin in crossing the intestinal barrier. Science 2001; 292:1722-5. [PMID: 11387478 DOI: 10.1126/science.1059852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for severe food-borne infections, but the mechanisms by which bacteria cross the intestinal barrier are unknown. Listeria monocytogenes expresses a surface protein, internalin, that interacts with a host receptor, E-cadherin, to promote entry into human epithelial cells. Murine E-cadherin, in contrast to guinea pig E-cadherin, does not interact with internalin, excluding the mouse as a model for addressing internalin function in vivo. In guinea pigs and transgenic mice expressing human E-cadherin, internalin was found to mediate invasion of enterocytes and crossing of the intestinal barrier. These results illustrate how relevant animal models for human infections can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lecuit
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Station Centrale de Microscopie Electronique, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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28
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Langa F, Kress C, Colucci-Guyon E, Khun H, Vandormael-Pournin S, Huerre M, Babinet C. Teratocarcinomas induced by embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking vimentin: an approach to study the role of vimentin in tumorigenesis. J Cell Sci 2000; 113 Pt 19:3463-72. [PMID: 10984437 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.19.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is a class III intermediate filament protein widely expressed in the developing embryo and in cells of mesenchymal origin in the adult. Vimentin knock-out mice develop and reproduce without any obvious defect. This is an unexpected finding in view of the high degree of conservation of the vimentin gene among vertebrates. However, it does not exclude the possibility of a role for vimentin in pathological conditions, like tumorigenesis. To address this question directly, we have used a teratocarcinoma model involving the injection of ES cells into syngeneic mice. ES cells lacking vimentin were generated from 129/Sv Vim-/- mice with high efficiency. The absence of vimentin did not affect ES cell morphology, viability or growth rate in vitro. Tumours were induced by subcutaneous injection of either Vim-/- or Vim+/+ ES cells into Vim+/+ and Vim-/- mice, in order to analyse the effect of the absence of vimentin in either the tumorigenic cells or the host mice. No significant differences were found in either tumour incidence, size or vascularization of teratocarcinomas obtained with all possible combinations. Vim-/- ES-derived tumours showed the same cellular composition typical of teratocarcinomas induced by wild-type ES cells together with a very similar apoptotic pattern. Taken together, these results demonstrate that in this model vimentin is not essential for efficient tumour growth and differentiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Langa
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, URA C.N.R.S. Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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29
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Cohen-Tannoudji M, Vandormael-Pournin S, Le Bras S, Coumailleau F, Babinet C, Baldacci P. A 2-Mb YAC/BAC-based physical map of the ovum mutant (Om) locus region on mouse chromosome 11. Genomics 2000; 68:273-82. [PMID: 10995569 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic lethal phenotype observed when DDK females are crossed with males from other strains results from a deleterious interaction between the egg cytoplasm and the paternal pronucleus soon after fertilization. We have previously mapped the Om locus responsible for this phenotype, called the DDK syndrome, to an approximately 2-cM region of chromosome 11. Here, we report the generation of a physical map of 28 yeast and bacterial artificial chromosome clones encompassing the entire genetic interval containing the Om locus. This contig, spanning approximately 2 Mb, was used to map precisely genes and genetic markers of the region. We determined the maximum physical interval for Om to be 1400 kb. In addition, 11 members of the Scya gene family were found to be organized into two clusters at the borders of the Om region. Two other genes (Rad51l3 and Schlafen 2) and one EST (D11Wsu78e) were also mapped in the Om region. This integrated map provides support for the identification of additional candidate genes for the DDK syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cohen-Tannoudji
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 1960, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris Cedex 15, 75724, France.
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Le Bras S, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Kress C, Vandormael-Pournin S, Babinet C, Baldacci P. BALB/c alleles at modifier loci increase the severity of the maternal effect of the "DDK syndrome". Genetics 2000; 154:803-11. [PMID: 10655231 PMCID: PMC1460929 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/154.2.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Om locus was first described in the DDK inbred mouse strain: DDK mice carry a mutation at Om resulting in a parental effect lethality of F(1) embryos. When DDK females are mated with males of other (non-DDK) inbred strains, e.g., BALB/c, they exhibit a low fertility, whereas the reciprocal cross, non-DDK females x DDK males, is fertile (as is the DDK intrastrain cross). The low fertility is due to the death of (DDK x non-DDK)F(1) embryos at the late-morula to blastocyst stage, which is referred to as the "DDK syndrome." The death of these F(1) embryos is caused by an incompatibility between a DDK maternal factor and the non-DDK paternal pronucleus. Previous genetic studies showed that F(1) mice have an intermediate phenotype compared to parental strains: crosses between F(1) females and non-DDK males are semisterile, as are crosses between DDK females and F(1) males. In the present studies, we have examined the properties of mice heterozygous for BALB/c and DDK Om alleles on an essentially BALB/c genetic background. Surprisingly, we found that the females are quasi-sterile when mated with BALB/c males and, thus, present a phenotype similar to DDK females. These results indicate that BALB/c alleles at modifier loci increase the severity of the DDK syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Le Bras
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, URA CNRS 1960, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Abstract
In order to dissect the MHC class I H-2K gene regulatory sequences, we p reviously generated transgenic mice containing various H-2K/lacZ fusion genes. However contrary to transgenes where H-2K sequences were fused to other coding sequences, none of the lacZ fusion transgenes was widely ex pressed like H-2K gene. We now show that this silencing also occurs when lacZ is inserted into a larger H-2K genomic construct including promoter and other regulatory elements. Because the 5'H-2K region contains a CpG island, we suspected that the presence of lacZ coding sequences was inte rfering with the mechanism by which the H-2K promoter region is normally unmethylated and transcriptionally active. Indeed, we show that in high ( >10) copy number transgenic mice, insertion of lacZ sequences in the v icinity of the H-2K promoter results in partial or complete methylation of the H-2K CpG island. However, in low (1-3) copy number transgenic mic e no methylation was observed but the transgene was still silent, sugges ting that the silencing effect of lacZ does not only rely on abnormal CpG methylation. Intriguingly, when the H -2/lacZ construct was introduced via embryonic stem (ES) cells, regulate d transgene expression was observed in several chimaeric embryos derived from independent ES clones, but never in adult chimeras. Combined with t he fact that, despite much effort, it has been very difficult to generat e 'blue' mice, our results highlight the transcription-silencing effect of lacZ sequences when they are associated with regulatory sequences of ubiquitously expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cohen-Tannoudji
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, CNRS URA 1960, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France.
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Kress C, Vandormael-Pournin S, Baldacci P, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Babinet C. Nonpermissiveness for mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell derivation circumvented by a single backcross to 129/Sv strain: establishment of ES cell lines bearing the Omd conditional lethal mutation. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:998-1001. [PMID: 9880667 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The inbred mouse strain DDK carries a conditional early embryonic lethal mutation that is manifested when DDK females are crossed to males of other inbred strains but not in the corresponding reciprocal crosses. It has been shown that embryonic lethality could be assigned to a single genetic locus called Ovum mutant (Om), on Chromosome (Chr) 11 near Syca 1. In the course of our study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the embryonic lethality, we were interested in deriving an embryonic stem cell bearing the Om mutation in the homozygous state (Omd/Omd). However, it turned out that DDK is nonpermissive for ES cell establishment, with a standard protocol. Here we show that permissiveness could be obtained using Omd/Omd blastocysts with a 75% 129/Sv and 25% DDK genetic background. Several germline-competent Omd/Omd ES cell lines have been derived from blastocysts of this genotype. Such a scenario could be extended to the generation of ES cell lines bearing any mutation present in an otherwise nonpermissive mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kress
- Unité de Biologie du Développement, URA C.N.R.S. 1960, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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