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Arai Y, Sasayama D, Suzuki K, Nakamura T, Kuraishi Y, Washizuka S. Association between Children's Difficulties, Parent-Child Sleep, Parental Control, and Children's Screen Time: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:668-678. [PMID: 37987285 PMCID: PMC10661245 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Children's screen time may affect their growth and development. However, differences in the impact of various psychiatric and psychological factors on children's screen time is a research gap. This study aimed to explore the differences in the influence of related factors affecting children's screen time based on their sleep, difficulties, and parental control among Japanese elementary and junior high school students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents in Japan. Data on screen time duration, parent-child background, strengths and difficulties, sleep variables, and parental control types were collected from 225 households. A regression analysis revealed that high Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores (β = 0.166, p = 0.008), sleep duration (β = -0.281, p < 0.001), and parental control (β = -0.204, p = 0.001) were significantly related to children's screen time. Additionally, it was found that parents' late bedtimes affect children's screen time by mediating children's sleep duration. This study, together with previous research, provides comprehensive insights into design interventions to decrease the screen time of children in the Japanese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (T.N.); (Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (T.N.); (Y.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (T.N.); (Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Community Mental Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (T.N.); (Y.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Yuta Kuraishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (T.N.); (Y.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Shinsuke Washizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (T.N.); (Y.K.); (S.W.)
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Kuwahara M, Tahara Y, Nitta L, Furutani A, Mochida S, Makino N, Nozawa Y, Shibata S. Association of breakfast styles such as Japanese, Western, and cereals with sleeping habits, eating habits, and lifestyle in preschool and elementary school children. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1131887. [PMID: 37457978 PMCID: PMC10348839 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1131887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Japan, breakfast styles are categorized into five groups; Japanese breakfast (JB; rice and miso soup), Western breakfast (WB; bread and milk), Japanese-Western breakfast (J-WB; alternative daily serving), cereal breakfast (CB), and breakfast skipping. In our recent studies, breakfast style was highly associated with the daily sleep-wake phase (chronotype), and healthy eating habits. In contrast with other breakfast style consumers, JB-consumers were positively associated with the morning chronotype and healthy eating habits such as a high consumption of a variety of protein sources, vegetables, and dietary fibers, and low consumption of sweetened juices. These previous studies included only adult participants; hence, in the current study, we investigated whether similar observations can be made in children. Methods Preschool (aged 3-5 years) and elementary school children (6-8 years) (N = 6,104, 49.87% boys, 50.13% girls, mean body mass index 15.39 ± 0.03 kg/m2 for preschoolers and percentage of overweight -2.73 ± 0.22 for elementary school children) participated in this cross-sectional online survey on lifestyle, including eating and sleep habits, through their mother's responses. Results The results showed that the morning-evening type index values (chronotype indicator, smaller indicates morning type) were negatively correlated with JB intake (-0.05, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with WB (0.03, p < 0.05) and CB intake (0.06, p < 0.01), suggesting that the JB group exhibited the morning chronotype and the WB and CB groups exhibited the evening chronotype. The JB group consumed a variety of protein sources (mean ± SE; days/week) with more frequency (fish 2.95 ± 0.038 p < 0.001, soy 3.55 ± 0.043 p < 0.001, egg 3.82 ± 0.044 p < 0.001) compared with the WB group (fish 2.58 ± 0.033, soy 3.00 ± 0.038, egg 3.49 ± 0.039). On the other hand, the JB group consumed snacks (5.48 ± 0.042 p < 0.001) and sweetened juice (2.50 ± 0.050 p < 0.001) less frequently than the WB group (snacks; 5.80 ± 0.037 and sweetened juice; 2.74 ± 0.049). Discussion JB-eating children with a morning chronotype exhibited better sleep and eating habits than WB-eating children with an evening type pattern. The results suggest that JB eating habits may be associated with good eating and sleeping lifestyles, even among preschool and elementary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Lyie Nitta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Furutani
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Mochida
- Benesse Education Research and Development Institute, Benesse Corporation, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Makino
- Benesse Education Research and Development Institute, Benesse Corporation, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Nozawa
- Benesse Education Research and Development Institute, Benesse Corporation, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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3
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Eysenbach G, Leung T, Yamamoto T, Fujisawa TX, Hanaie R, Hirata I, Matsumoto S, Mohri I, Taniike M. Improving Children's Sleep Habits Using an Interactive Smartphone App: Community-Based Intervention Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e40836. [PMID: 36641237 PMCID: PMC9960041 DOI: 10.2196/40836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are quite common among young children and are often a challenge for parents and a hinderance to children's development. Although behavioral therapy has proven effective in reducing sleep problems in children, a lack of access to professionals who can provide effective support is a major barrier for many caregivers. Therefore, pediatric sleep experts have begun developing apps and web-based services for caregivers. Despite the substantial influence of cultural and familial factors on children's sleep, little effort has gone into developing cultural or family-tailored interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the interactive smartphone app "Nenne Navi," which provides culturally and family-tailored suggestions for improving sleep habits in young Japanese children through community-based long-term trials. The study also aimed to investigate the association between app-driven improvements in sleep and mental development in children. METHODS This study adopted a community-based approach to recruit individuals from the Higashi-Osaka city (Japan) who met ≥1 of the following eligibility criteria for sleep problems: sleeping after 10 PM, getting <9 hours of nighttime sleep, and experiencing frequent nighttime awakenings. A total of 87 Japanese caregivers with young children (mean 19.50, SD 0.70 months) were recruited and assigned to the app use group (intervention group) or the video-only group (control group). Both groups received educational video content regarding sleep health literacy. The caregivers in the intervention group used the app, which provides family-tailored suggestions, once per month for 1 year. RESULTS A total of 92% (33/36) of the caregivers in the app use group completed 1 year of the intervention. The participants' overall evaluation of the app was positive. The wake-up time was advanced (base mean 8:06 AM; post mean 7:48 AM; F1,65=6.769; P=.01 and sleep onset latency was decreased (base mean 34.45 minutes; post mean 20.05 minutes; F1,65=23.219; P<.001) significantly in the app use group at the 13th month compared with the video-only group. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that decreased social jetlag (β=-0.302; P=.03) and increased sleep onset latency SD (β=.426; P=.02) in children predicted a significant enhancement in the development of social relationships with adults. At 6 months after the completion of the app use, all the caregivers reported continuation of the new lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that the app "Nenne Navi" has high continuity in community use and can improve sleep habits in young Japanese children and that interventions for sleep habits of young children may lead to the enhancement of children's social development. Future studies must focus on the effectiveness of the app in other regions with different regional characteristics and neuroscientific investigations on how changes in sleep impact brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomoka Yamamoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi X Fujisawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Hanaie
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ikuko Mohri
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Sleep Habits in Pairs of Japanese High School Students and Their Mothers in Summer and Autumn. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:520-534. [PMID: 36278534 PMCID: PMC9589961 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the sleep habits in pairs of Japanese high school students and their mothers in the summer and autumn. Nineteen pairs of high school students and their mothers participated in this study. Wrist actigraphy, subjective sleep evaluations, and bedroom environmental measurements (temperature, humidity, and light) were performed for a duration of one week. The results of a split-plot analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in the actigraphically evaluated time spent in bed (TIB) between the seasons and between the mothers and students. The TIB was approximately 6 h on weekdays, and significantly lengthened to approximately 7 h on weekends (p < 0.05). The average sleep efficiency values recorded were higher than 90%. The mothers showed significantly advanced sleep phases compared to those of the students (p < 0.05). In addition, the waking time on Monday morning was significantly correlated between the mothers and students in the summer and autumn (p < 0.05). A perceived sleep loss “almost every day” or “several times per week” was reported by approximately half of the mothers and students in each season. The students occasionally fell into nocturnal sleep with the room light turned on. These results suggest that sleep hygiene education considering life habit characteristics is required to ensure sufficient sleep time.
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Gui Y, Deng Y, Sun X, Li W, Rong T, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zhu Q, Liu J, Wang G, Jiang F. Early childhood sleep trajectories and association with maternal depression: a prospective cohort study. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac037. [PMID: 35554573 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate trajectories of early childhood sleep in the first 3 years and their association with maternal depressive symptoms. METHODS Data were from 243 Chinese mother-child dyads. Children's sleep duration and night-waking were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) at 42 days, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months postpartum. The Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were used to assess maternal depressive symptoms at late pregnancy, 42 days, and 36 months postpartum, respectively. Early childhood sleep trajectories were estimated with group-based trajectory models. The association between early childhood sleep trajectories and maternal depressive symptoms was examined with binary and multinomial logistic regression models and linear regression models. RESULTS Three trajectories of daytime sleep duration ("short", 14.4%; "medium", 60.4%; "long", 25.2%), nighttime sleep duration ("increasing", 17.6%; "stable", 76.3%; "decreasing", 6.1%), and total sleep duration ("short", 21.5%; "medium", 59.9%; "long",18.6%), and two trajectories of night-waking ("resolving", 22.9%; "persistent", 77.1%) were identified. Controlling for confounding factors, maternal depression at 42 days postpartum was associated with higher risks for short daytime sleep duration and persistent night-waking in children. Persistent night-waking in children was associated with increased maternal depressive symptoms at 36 months postpartum. CONCLUSION Early childhood sleep follows distinct trajectories in the first 3 years of life. The trajectories of short daytime sleep duration and persistent night-waking are associated with maternal depression. The findings indicate tailored interventions should target both unfavorable early childhood sleep trajectories and maternal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Gui
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Rong
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelai Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
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Children's sleep and fathers' health and wellbeing: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 61:101570. [PMID: 34896729 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Night-waking is typical across infancy and early childhood, inevitably disrupting family sleep. For some children, sleep problems develop and endure throughout childhood. This systematic review focused on fathers, and synthesised the evidence pertaining to the effects of children's sleep (from birth to 12 years) on fathers' health and wellbeing. A total of 29 studies were included. Key outcomes reported for fathers were: sleep and fatigue; mental and general health; and family functioning. An association between child sleep and father's sleep was observed when child's sleep was measured via actigraphy or paternal report, but not when measured via maternal report, suggesting that mothers may not always be aware of disruptions that awaken fathers. Findings showed poorer child sleep was associated with poorer general health and wellbeing among fathers, however, associations of poor child sleep with depression were fewer, and less frequent than those reported for mothers in the same households. Poor child sleep was negatively associated with the quality of family relationships, both within the couple and between parent and child. Future studies seeking to understand the interplay of child sleep and family wellbeing should apply objective measurement of sleep and integrate formal measures of family dynamics into the study design.
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Merrill SM, Moore SR, Gladish N, Giesbrecht GF, Dewey D, Konwar C, MacIssac JL, Kobor MS, Letourneau NL. Paternal adverse childhood experiences: Associations with infant DNA methylation. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22174. [PMID: 34333774 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), or cumulative childhood stress exposures, such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, predict later health problems in both the exposed individuals and their offspring. One potential explanation suggests exposure to early adversity predicts epigenetic modification, especially DNA methylation (DNAm), linked to later health. Stress experienced preconception by mothers may associate with DNAm in the next generation. We hypothesized that fathers' exposure to ACEs also associates with their offspring DNAm, which, to our knowledge, has not been previously explored. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNAm (n = 45) from 3-month-old infants was regressed onto fathers' retrospective ACEs at multiple Cytosine-phosphate-Guanosine (CpG) sites to discover associations. This accounted for infants' sex, age, ethnicity, cell type proportion, and genetic variability. Higher ACE scores associated with methylation values at eight CpGs. Post-hoc analysis found no contribution of paternal education, income, marital status, and parental postpartum depression, but did with paternal smoking and BMI along with infant sleep latency. These same CpGs also contributed to the association between paternal ACEs and offspring attention problems at 3 years. Collectively, these findings suggested there were biological associations with paternal early life adversity and offspring DNAm in infancy, potentially affecting offspring later childhood outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Merrill
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah R Moore
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chaini Konwar
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia L MacIssac
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole L Letourneau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Sleep habits developed in adolescence shape long-term trajectories of psychological, educational, and physiological well-being. Adolescents’ sleep behaviors are shaped by their parents’ sleep at both the behavioral and biological levels. In the current study, we sought to examine how neural concordance in resting-state functional connectivity between parent-child dyads is associated with dyadic concordance in sleep duration and adolescents’ sleep quality. To this end, we scanned both parents and their child (N = 28 parent-child dyads; parent Mage = 42.8 years; adolescent Mage = 14.9 years; 14.3% father; 46.4% female adolescent) as they each underwent a resting-state scan. Using daily diaries, we also assessed dyadic concordance in sleep duration across two weeks. Our results show that greater daily concordance in sleep behavior is associated with greater neural concordance in default-mode network connectivity between parents and children. Moreover, greater neural and behavioral concordances in sleep is associated with more optimal sleep quality in adolescents. The current findings expand our understanding of dyadic concordance by providing a neurobiological mechanism by which parents and children share daily sleep behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), NC 27599, USA
| | - Michelle E Miernicki
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), IL 61801, USA; Human Resources and Industrial Relations, UIUC, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), IL 61801, USA.
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9
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Muller D, Signal L, Elder D, Gander P. Environmental and behavioural factors associated with school children's sleep in Aotearoa/New Zealand. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:68-74. [PMID: 27586066 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To collect objective and subjective sleep data on 6- to 8-year-old children across the week and to identify factors within the family environment associated with sleep differences. METHODS Data were collected (n = 52) using actigraphy and diaries for 7 consecutive days and nights and a questionnaire incorporating the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was completed by parents. RESULTS Children's actigraphic sleep periods averaged 10 h on school nights and 9.5 h on non-school nights and parents over-estimated children's sleep compared with actigraphy. One third (37%) of children had potential sleep problems. Children who shared a bedroom (31%) had shorter sleep onset latencies and those who consumed caffeinated drinks (33%) went to sleep and awoke later. Increased screen time was associated with later bedtimes on school nights and children with screens in bedrooms (12%) went to bed later and slept less on school nights, and had higher Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire scores. Children living with a shift-working adult (27%) slept longer on non-school nights and had shorter sleep onset latencies on school nights. CONCLUSIONS It is important to consider children's sleep within the wider family context and to be aware that parents may over-estimate their children's sleep. Simple strategies to promote sleep health in clinical settings or education programmes include regular weekend bedtimes that align with those on school nights, removing technology from bedrooms and minimising caffeine consumption. An awareness of potential sleep differences associated with shift-working adults may ensure children are supported to have consistent sleep routines that promote adequate sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Muller
- Sleep/Wake Research Centre, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Leigh Signal
- Sleep/Wake Research Centre, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dawn Elder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Philippa Gander
- Sleep/Wake Research Centre, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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10
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Kitamura S, Enomoto M, Kamei Y, Inada N, Moriwaki A, Kamio Y, Mishima K. Association between delayed bedtime and sleep-related problems among community-dwelling 2-year-old children in Japan. J Physiol Anthropol 2015; 34:12. [PMID: 25858638 PMCID: PMC4364649 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-015-0050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although delayed sleep timing causes many socio-psycho-biological problems such as sleep loss, excessive daytime sleepiness, obesity, and impaired daytime neurocognitive performance in adults, there are insufficient data showing the clinical significance of a ‘night owl lifestyle’ in early life. This study examined the association between habitual delayed bedtime and sleep-related problems among community-dwelling 2-year-old children in Japan. Methods Parents/caregivers of 708 community-dwelling 2-year-old children in Nishitokyo City, Tokyo, participated in the study. The participants answered a questionnaire to evaluate their child’s sleep habits and sleep-related problems for the past 1 month. Results Of the 425 children for whom complete data were collected, 90 (21.2%) went to bed at 22:00 or later. Children with delayed bedtime showed significantly more irregular bedtime, delayed wake time, shorter total sleep time, and difficulty in initiating and terminating sleep. Although this relationship indicated the presence of sleep debt in children with delayed bedtime, sleep onset latency did not differ between children with earlier bedtime and those with delayed bedtime. Rather, delayed bedtime was significantly associated with bedtime resistance and problems in the morning even when adjusting for nighttime and daytime sleep time. Conclusions Even in 2-year-old children, delayed bedtime was associated with various sleep-related problems. The causal factors may include diminished homeostatic sleep drive due to prolonged daytime nap as well as diurnal preference (morning or night type) regulated by the biological clock.
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Taylor RW, Williams SM, Farmer VL, Taylor BJ. The stability of sleep patterns in children 3 to 7 years of age. J Pediatr 2015; 166:697-702.e1. [PMID: 25524316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the reliability and stability of sleep (duration and quality) over time in young children using repeated accelerometer estimates of sleep. STUDY DESIGN One hundred ninety-four children wore Actical accelerometers for 5-day periods (24-hour monitoring) at 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7 years of age. Sleep variables of interest (duration, onset, offset, latency, efficiency, and wake after sleep onset) were estimated using the Sadeh algorithm within a commercial data reduction program (ActiLife). Children were divided into various groups according to sleep stability, and demographic and behavioral differences were compared across groups by ANOVA. RESULTS All measures of sleep quantity and quality required 4-7 days of accelerometry to obtain acceptable reliability estimates, except morning wake time (2-4 days), and sleep latency (11-21 days). Average year-to-year correlations were only moderate for most measures (r = 0.41-0.51), but considerably higher than those observed for sleep latency, efficiency, and wake after onset (r = 0.15-0.24). Only 29 children were classified as sleep-stable over the 4 years. These children were less likely to be from ethnic minority groups (P = .017) and had higher levels of day-time physical activity (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS Sleep patterns in children are not particularly stable, showing considerable variation both within a week and across the years. Few children exhibit stable sleep patterns over time, yet characterization of these children might provide further information regarding how sleep benefits health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Sheila M Williams
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Barry J Taylor
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Nozoe KT, Polesel DN, Boin AC, Berro LF, Moreira GA, Tufik S, Andersen ML. The role of sleep in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients and their caregivers. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2014; 12:20. [PMID: 24940169 PMCID: PMC4060140 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a chronic disease that may lead to various consequences for patients and caregivers, especially in relation to sleep quality. Sleep is an essential process for homeostasis of the organism. In general, caregivers of children with JIA are more susceptible to these sleep disorders and a lower quality of life. This impairment in sleep can potentially affect the health of caregiver. For this reason, it is very important to continue to evaluate the quality of sleep in caregivers and how to support these JIA children's caregivers more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tieme Nozoe
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Campiolo Boin
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Fernanda Berro
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Tamura N, Tanaka H. Effects of sleep education with self-help treatment for elementary schoolchild with nocturnal lifestyle and irritability. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Tamura
- Department of Clinical Psychology; Graduate school of Psychological Sciences; Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Psychology; Faculty of Psychological Sciences; Hiroshima International University; Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
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14
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Matsuoka M, Nagamitsu S, Iwasaki M, Iemura A, Yamashita Y, Maeda M, Kitani S, Kakuma T, Uchimura N, Matsuishi T. High incidence of sleep problems in children with developmental disorders: results of a questionnaire survey in a Japanese elementary school. Brain Dev 2014; 36:35-44. [PMID: 23305729 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present school-based questionnaire was to analyze the sleep problems of children with developmental disorders, such as pervasive developmental disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. METHODS The sleep problems of 43 children with developmental disorders were compared with those of 372 healthy children (control group). All children attended one public elementary school in Kurume, Japan; thus, the study avoided the potential bias associated with hospital-based surveys (i.e. a high prevalence of sleep disturbance) and provided a more complete picture of the children's academic performance and family situation compared with a control group under identical conditions. Children's sleep problems were measured with the Japanese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). RESULTS Children with developmental disorders had significantly higher total CSHQ scores, as well as mean scores on the parasomnias and sleep breathing subscales, than children in the control group. The total CSHQ score, bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, and daytime sleepiness worsened with increasing age in children with developmental disorders; in contrast, these parameters were unchanged or became better with age in the control group. In children with developmental disorders, there was a significant association between a higher total CSHQ score and lower academic performance, but no such association was found in the control group. For both groups, children's sleep problems affected their parents' quality of sleep. There were no significant differences in physical, lifestyle, and sleep environmental factors, or in sleep/wake patterns, between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with developmental disorders have poor sleep quality, which may affect academic performance. It is important for physicians to be aware of age-related differences in sleep problems in children with developmental disorders. Further studies are needed to identify the association between sleep quality and school behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Matsuoka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nagamitsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mizue Iwasaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Iemura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Kitani
- Department of Biostatistics, Kurume University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kakuma
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Uchimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toyojiro Matsuishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
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15
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Schlarb A, Brömer L, Brandhorst I, Wagner J, Milicevic V, Hautzinger M. Sleep problems among family members of a universal parent-training. SOMNOLOGIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-013-0615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Iwata S, Iwata O, Matsuishi T. Sleep patterns of Japanese preschool children and their parents: implications for co-sleeping. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102:e257-62. [PMID: 23419057 PMCID: PMC4293465 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the direct relationship of sleep schedule and sleep quality variables between healthy preschool children and their parents, focusing on the influence of the difference in bedtime between each other. METHODS Forty-seven Japanese 5-year-old children and their primary parent were studied. The parents completed questionnaires including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The children wore an actigraph for one week. RESULTS Although sleep patterns of children were generally independent of their parents, late sleep end time and bedtime of children were associated with parents' late sleep end time on weekends. For 87% of children and parents who shared a bedroom, sleep quality was negatively affected by a shorter difference in bedtimes between child and parent, but not by co-sleeping. CONCLUSION Sleep behaviours of parents can influence those of their children. For parents and children who share a bedroom, the timing of bedtime rather than co-sleeping may be a key factor in modulating sleep patterns. Trying to get children asleep and subsequently falling asleep at a similar time may disturb parents' sleep quality, which may subsequently affect that of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Iwata
- Centre for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health; Kurume University School of Medicine; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Osuke Iwata
- Centre for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health; Kurume University School of Medicine; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Toyojiro Matsuishi
- Centre for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health; Kurume University School of Medicine; Fukuoka Japan
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Owens JA, Jones C, Nash R. Caregivers' knowledge, behavior, and attitudes regarding healthy sleep in young children. J Clin Sleep Med 2012; 7:345-50. [PMID: 21897770 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine sleep health knowledge and beliefs and their relationship to sleep practices in a community sample of caregivers of young children. METHODS A convenience sample of caregivers visiting a museum on one of 2 consecutive weekend days completed a brief parent-report survey on child sleep habits and parental basic sleep knowledge and beliefs and attitudes regarding sleep as a health behavior. RESULTS Of the 253 analyzable surveys (response rate 80%; mean age of index child 3.4 ± 2.0 years), 23% of children did not have a consistent bedtime, 25% had a bedtime later than 9 pm, 23% had at least one electronic device in the bedroom, and 56% frequently fell asleep with an adult present. Both positive and negative sleep habits tended to cluster together. Children who had irregular and late bedtimes were more than twice as likely to obtain insufficient sleep that those with regular and early bedtimes (OR 2.30, 2.45). While 25% of children were getting less than the recommended sleep amount for age, just 13% of parents believed that their child was getting insufficient sleep. Lack of knowledge regarding the potential negative impact of specific sleep practices was associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in those practices. CONCLUSIONS The results of this survey study of a generally well-educated sample of caregivers suggest that there are clear parental knowledge gaps regarding healthy sleep in young children and supports the need for increased sleep health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Owens
- Division of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
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18
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MAGEE CA, CAPUTI P, IVERSON DC. Are parents' working patterns associated with their child's sleep? An analysis of dual-parent families in Australia. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2011.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Biggs SN, Lushington K, van den Heuvel CJ, Martin AJ, Kennedy JD. Inconsistent sleep schedules and daytime behavioral difficulties in school-aged children. Sleep Med 2011; 12:780-6. [PMID: 21862401 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current recommendations for healthy sleep in school-aged children are predominantly focused on optimal sleep duration (9-11h). However, given the importance of routine for circadian health, the stability of sleep/wake schedules may also be important, especially for daytime behavioral functioning. We examined the relationship between short sleep duration, sleep schedule instability and behavioral difficulties in a community sample of Australian children. METHODS Children, aged 5-10 years (N=1622), without chronic health or psychological conditions, were recruited from primary schools in Adelaide, South Australia. A parent-report questionnaire was used to assess sleep/wake behavior. Behavioral functioning was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS Most children met sleep duration recommendations with approximately 5% reporting <9h and 3% >12h. Weekly variability of bed and rise times >1h were reported in up to 50% of children. Multinomial regression analysis revealed sleep duration <10h, bedtime latency >60 min, and bed and rise time variability >60 min significantly increased the risk of scoring in the 95th percentile for behavioral sub-scales. CONCLUSIONS Inconsistent sleep schedules were common and, similar to short sleep duration, were associated with behavioral difficulties. Considering the lack of study in this area, further research is needed for the development of new recommendations, education and sleep health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Biggs
- Childrens Research Centre, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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Komada Y, Abe T, Okajima I, Asaoka S, Matsuura N, Usui A, Shirakawa S, Inoue Y. Short Sleep Duration and Irregular Bedtime Are Associated with Increased Behavioral Problems among Japanese Preschool-Age Children. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2011; 224:127-36. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.224.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Komada
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute
| | - Isa Okajima
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute
| | - Shoichi Asaoka
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute
| | | | - Akira Usui
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute
- Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University
| | - Shuichiro Shirakawa
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute
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