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Xue L, Liu P, Wu A, Dong L, Wu Q, Zhao M, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang N, Wang Y. Resistance of Mycorrhizal Cinnamomum camphora Seedlings to Salt Spray Depends on K + and P Uptake. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:964. [PMID: 37888220 PMCID: PMC10607215 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt spray is a major environmental issue in coastal areas. Cinnamomum camphora is an economically important tree species that grows in the coastal areas of southern China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate the detrimental effects of abiotic stress on host plants. However, the mechanism by which AMF mitigates the adverse effects of salt spray on C. camphora remains unclear. A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where C. camphora seedlings were exposed to four AMF regimes (inoculation with sterilized fungi, with Glomus tortuosum, Funneliformis mosseae, either alone or in combination) and three salt spray regimes (applied with distilled water, 7, and 14 mg NaCl cm-2) in order to investigate the influence on root functional traits and plant growth. The results showed that higher salt spray significantly decreased the K+ uptake, K+/Na+ ratio, N/P ratio, total dry weight, and salinity tolerance of non-mycorrhizal plants by 37.9%, 71%, 27.4%, 12.7%, and 221.3%, respectively, when compared with control plants grown under non-salinity conditions. Mycorrhizal inoculation, particularly with a combination of G. tortuosum and F. mosseae, greatly improved the P uptake, total dry weight, and salinity tolerance of plants grown under higher salt spray conditions by 51.0%, 36.7%, and 130.9%, respectively, when compared with their counterparts. The results show that AMF can alleviate the detrimental effects of salt spray on C. camphora seedlings. Moreover, an enhanced uptake of K+ and P accounted for the resistance of the plants to salt spray. Therefore, pre-inoculation with a combination of G. tortuosum and F. mosseae to improve nutrient acquisition is a potential method of protecting C. camphora plants against salt spray stress in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Lijia Dong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Qiqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mingshui Zhao
- Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Hangzhou 311311, China;
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Naili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources and the Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
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Liang Y, Li D, Sheng Q, Zhu Z. Exogenous Salicylic Acid Alleviates NO 2 Damage by Maintaining Cell Stability and Physiological Metabolism in Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Miss Manila' Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3283. [PMID: 37765447 PMCID: PMC10535129 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous substances can alleviate plant damage under adverse conditions. In order to explore whether different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) can play a role in the resistance of Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Miss Manila' to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stress and the relevant mechanisms of their effects, different concentrations of SA were applied locally under the control experiment condition of 4.0 μL·L-1 NO2, and the role of SA in alleviating injury was studied. The findings noted a significant increase in metabolic adaptations and antioxidant enzyme activities following 0.25-0.75 mM SA application (p < 0.05), except 1 mM. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in particular increased by 21.88% and 59.71%, respectively. Such an increase led to effective control of the reduction in photosynthetic pigments and the photosynthetic rate and protection of the structural stability of chloroplasts and other organelles. In addition, the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) increased by 83.85%, and the content of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) decreased by 29.23% in nitrogen metabolism. Concurrently, a principal component analysis (PCA) and a membership function analysis further indicated that 0.75 mM SA provided the most notable improvement in NO2 resistance among the different gradients. These findings suggest that 0.25-0.75 mM SA can relieve the stress at 4 μL·L-1 NO2 injury by effectively improving the antioxidant enzyme activity and nitrogen metabolizing enzyme activity, protecting the photosynthetic system and cell structure, but 1 mM SA had the opposite effect. In the future, the specific reasons for inhibition of SA at high concentrations and the comprehensive effects of the application of other exogenous compounds should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- The Center of Southern Modern Forestry Cooperative Innovation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dalu Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- The Center of Southern Modern Forestry Cooperative Innovation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- The Center of Southern Modern Forestry Cooperative Innovation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Research Center for Digital Innovation Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jin Pu Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- The Center of Southern Modern Forestry Cooperative Innovation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Research Center for Digital Innovation Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jin Pu Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Banerjee S, Banerjee A, Palit D. Ecosystem services and impact of industrial pollution on urban health: evidence from Durgapur, West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:744. [PMID: 34677689 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization, urbanization, and rapid socioeconomic growth are the prime factors regarding development of an urban city. These activities deteriorate the environment slowly by increasing harmful pollutants and the impact of which will be observed in near future in terms of several natural calamities, disease, and ecological consequences. Various urban ecosystems like urban forestry, wetland, grassland, parks/gardens etc. are the main criteria of urban health in respect to delivering multiple of benefits to the surrounding biota. But these regulatory systems have been affected severely through different industrial pollution stresses resulting into deterioration of their physicochemical quality and biotic diversity. The study revealed that the annual average air pollution index (API) exceeded the higher threshold value (i.e. >100) during the study period and recognized Durgapur as the severely polluted region in West Bengal, India. The characteristics of major air pollutants like SO2, NOx, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) and their temporal trends have been evaluated. The objective of this study was to detect the effect of industrial pollution on the aforesaid urban ecosystems in terms of variable ecological services such as purification of polluted air, atmospheric regulation, reduction of noise, proper drainage of rainwater, and sewage treatment. The outcome of this review work was to evaluate thoroughly the physiological, biochemical, and morphological symptoms of plant species under air pollution stress. On the other hand, the effect of air pollution on human and animal populations regarding various diseases (like bronchitis, cardiopulmonary arrest, cancer, liver and kidney dysfunction) has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiboram Banerjee
- PG Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Govt. college, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- U.T.D, Department of Environmental Science, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chattisgarh, 497001, India
| | - Debnath Palit
- Department of Botany, Durgapur Govt. College, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India
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Yue J, Shi D, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Fu Z, Ren Q, Zhang J. The photo-inhibition of camphor leaves ( Cinnamomum camphora L.) by NaCl stress based on physiological, chloroplast structure and comparative proteomic analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9443. [PMID: 32974090 PMCID: PMC7486828 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The distribution and use of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora L.) trees are constrained by increasing soil salinity in south-eastern China along the Yangtze River. However, the response mechanism of this species to salinity, especially in team of photosynthesis, are unknown. Methods Here, we analysed themorphological, physiological, ultrastructural, and proteomic traits of camphor seedlings under NaCl (103.45 mM) treatment in pot experiments for 80 days. Results The growth was limited because of photosynthetic inhibition, with the most significant disturbance occurring within 50 days. Salinity caused severe reductions in the leaf photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs), maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and photo-pigment contents (chlorophyll a (Cha), chlorophyll b (Chb), total chlorophyll (Chl)); weakened the antioxidant effects, including those of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD); and injured chloroplasts. The physiologicalresults indicated that the main reason for photo-inhibition was oxidative factors induced by NaCl. The proteomic results based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) further confirmedthat photosynthesis was the most significant disrupted process by salinity (P < 0.01) and there were 30 downregulated differentially expression proteins (DEPs) and one upregulated DEP related to restraint of the photosynthetic system, which affected photosystem I, photosystem II, the Cytochrome b6/f complex, ATP synthase and the light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex. In addition, 57 DEPs were related to photo-inhibition by redox effect and 6 downregulated DEPs, including O2 evolving complex 33kD family protein (gi—224094610) and five other predicted proteins (gi—743921083, gi—743840443, gi—743885735, gi—743810316 and gi—743881832) were directly affected. This study provides new proteomic information and explains the possible mechanisms of photo-inhibition caused by salinity on C. camphor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiammin Yue
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province & Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecosystem Restoration & Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yingchuan, Ningxia, China.,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dawei Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province & Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province & Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province & Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province & Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Ren
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province & Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Photosynthetic Capacity, Stomatal Behavior and Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Leaves of the Endangered Plant Carpinus putoensis W.C.Cheng during Gaseous NO2 Exposure and after Recovery. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9090561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Foliar uptake of gaseous NO2 mainly occurs through the stomata and disrupts normal plant growth, but no detailed reports about the physiological responses of plants exposed to NO2 are available. In this study, to study leaf physicochemical responses, stomatal characteristics and chloroplast structure, we observed the leaves of Carpinus putoensis W.C.Cheng after exposure to NO2 (6 μL/L) for five time periods (0, 1, 6, 24, and 72 h) and after 30 days of recovery following NO2 exposure. Our results showed that short-duration exposure to a high concentration of NO2 had significant negative impacts (p < 0.05) on the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and chloroplast-related physicochemical processes of C. putoensis leaves; with the exception of one hour of NO2 exposure, which was helpful for plant physiological responses. Moreover, NO2 exposure significantly increased the thickness of the palisade/spongy tissue and caused swelling of the thylakoids within the chloroplasts; this thylakoid swelling could be reversed by removing the pollutant from the air flow. Restoration of unpolluted air alleviated the toxic effects of NO2, as indicated by an increased chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, and PSII maximum quantum yield. These results could support the development of a treatment for roadside trees that are exposed to NO2 as a major road pollutant.
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Adrees M, Ibrahim M, Shah AM, Abbas F, Saleem F, Rizwan M, Hina S, Jabeen F, Ali S. Gaseous pollutants from brick kiln industry decreased the growth, photosynthesis, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:267. [PMID: 27048492 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous pollutant emissions from brick kiln industries deteriorate the current state of ambient air quality in Pakistan and worldwide. These gaseous pollutants affect the health of plants and may decrease plant growth and yield. A field experiment that was conducted to monitor the concentration of gaseous pollutants emitted mainly from brick kilns in the ambient air and associated impacts on the growth and physiological attributes of the two wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars. Plants were grown at three sites, including control (Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, AARI), low pollution (LP) site (Small Estate Industry), and high pollution (HP) site (Sidar Bypass), of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Monitoring of ambient air pollution at experimental sites was carried out using the state-of-art ambient air analyzers. Plants were harvested after 120 days of germination and were analyzed for different growth attributes. Results showed that the hourly average concentration of gaseous air pollutants CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10 at HP site were significantly higher than the LP and control sites. Similarly, gaseous pollutants decreased plant height, straw and grain yield, photosynthesis and increased physical injury, and metal concentrations in the grains. However, wheat response toward gaseous pollutants did not differ between cultivars (Galaxy and 8173) studied. Overall, the results indicated that brick kiln emissions could reduce the performance of wheat grown in the soils around kilns and confirm the adverse impacts of pollutants on the growth, yield, and quality of the wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Mehmood Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saleem
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saadia Hina
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Jabeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Liu X, Hou F, Li G, Sang N. Effects of nitrogen dioxide and its acid mist on reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant enzyme activity in Arabidopsis plants. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 34:93-9. [PMID: 26257351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. To analyze the response of plants to NO2 stress, we investigated the morphological change, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant enzyme activity in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) exposed to 1.7, 4, 8.5, and 18.8 mg/m(3) NO2. The results indicate that NO2 exposure affected plant growth and chlorophyll (Chl) content, and increased oxygen free radical (O2(-)) production rate in Arabidopsis shoots. Furthermore, NO2 elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, accompanied by the induction of antioxidant enzyme activities and change of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents. Following this, we mimicked nitric acid mist under experimental conditions, and confirmed the antioxidant mechanism of the plant to the stress. Our results imply that NO2 and its acid mist caused pollution risk to plant systems. During the process, increased ROS acted as a signal to induce a defense response, and antioxidant status played an important role in plant protection against NO2/nitric acid mist-caused oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Liu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fen Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Hu Y, Fernández V, Ma L. Nitrate transporters in leaves and their potential roles in foliar uptake of nitrogen dioxide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:360. [PMID: 25126090 PMCID: PMC4115617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While plant roots are specialized organs for the uptake and transport of water and nutrients, the absorption of gaseous or liquid mineral elements by aerial plant parts has been recognized since more than one century. Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient which generally absorbed either as nitrate (NO(-) 3) or ammonium (NH(+) 4) by plant roots. Gaseous nitrogen pollutants like N dioxide (NO2) can also be absorbed by plant surfaces and assimilated via the NO(-) 3 assimilation pathway. The subsequent NO(-) 3 flux may induce or repress the expression of various NO(-) 3-responsive genes encoding for instance, the transmembrane transporters, NO(-) 3/NO(-) 2 (nitrite) reductase, or assimilatory enzymes involved in N metabolism. Based on the existing information, the aim of this review was to theoretically analyze the potential link between foliar NO2 absorption and N transport and metabolism. For such purpose, an overview of the state of knowledge on the NO(-) 3 transporter genes identified in leaves or shoots of various species and their roles for NO(-) 3 transport across the tonoplast and plasma membrane, in addition to the process of phloem loading is briefly provided. It is assumed that a NO2-induced accumulation of NO(-) 3/NO(-) 2 may alter the expression of such genes, hence linking transmembrane NO(-) 3 transporters and foliar uptake of NO2. It is likely that NRT1/NRT2 gene expression and species-dependent apoplastic buffer capacity may be also related to the species-specific foliar NO2 uptake process. It is concluded that further work focusing on the expression of NRT1 (NRT1.1, NRT1.7, NRT1.11, and NRT1.12), NRT2 (NRT2.1, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5) and chloride channel family genes (CLCa and CLCd) may help us elucidate the physiological and metabolic response of plants fumigated with NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Ling Ma
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
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Wuytack T, AbdElgawad H, Staelens J, Asard H, Boeckx P, Verheyen K, Samson R. The response of the foliar antioxidant system and stable isotopes (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) of white willow to low-level air pollution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 67:154-161. [PMID: 23562799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study we aimed to determine and elucidate the effect of ambient air pollution on the foliar antioxidant system and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of white willow (Salix alba L.). We grew white willow in uniform potting soil in the near vicinity of sixteen air quality monitoring stations in Belgium where nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter concentrations were continuously measured. The trees were exposed to ambient air during six months (April-September 2011), and, thereafter, the degree of lipid peroxidation and foliar content of antioxidant molecules (ascorbate, glutathione, polyphenols, flavonoids), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase) and foliar stable carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) isotopes were measured. We found that lipid peroxidation was caused by air pollution stress, arising from high ambient NO2 concentrations, as shown by an increased amount of malondialdehyde. The antioxidant system was activated by increasing the amount of polyphenols at monitoring stations with a high atmospheric NO2 and low O3 concentration, while no increase of key enzymes (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione) was observed. The δ(13)C also decreased with increasing NO2 concentrations and decreasing O3 concentrations, probably reflecting a decreased net photosynthesis and/or a concomitant decrease of (13)CO2 in the atmosphere. Shade also influenced foliar δ(13)C and the content of leaf ascorbate and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Wuytack
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Staelens
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Roeland Samson
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Silva DT, Moraes RM. Physiological responses of the tropical tree Tibouchina pulchra Cogn under the influence of combustion of crude oil and natural gas at an oil refinery. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 90:69-75. [PMID: 23352657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A refinery located on the slopes of a mountain range in the city of Cubatão (SE-Brazil) is the main source of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) in the region. For this reason, the refinery replaced a system in which energy was produced from crude oil combustion in boilers with a system of energy and vapor co-generation in a thermoelectric power plant fueled by natural gas. The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of Tibouchina pulchra to the fuel switching. Saplings planted in pots were distributed throughout monitoring sites around the polluting source (sites I, II, III and IV) and in a site (V) far from emissions. Changes on the plants responses occur along the three fuel switching phases. During the last phase, increased carbon assimilation (Asat) and decreased stomatal conductance (gs) were observed in plants growing in sites II and III; as a consequence, intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) increased. However, the increase in Asat did not promote growth increase suggesting that changes at the refinery did not result in better air quality, but only in a change in the main contaminants.
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