1
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Bak I, Choi M, Yu E, Yoo KW, Jeong SY, Lee J, Jo M, Moon KS, Yu DY. The Effects of Busulfan on Xenogeneic Transplantation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Recipient Mice. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:440-447. [PMID: 38368129 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humanized mouse models with engraftment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are effective tools for the study of human immunity. Busulfan has been used as a substitute for irradiation in human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation models, but it has not been tested in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transplantation models. METHODS This study evaluated PBMC engraftment using cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in female NOD.CB17/Prkdcscid/JKrb/ IL2 receptor γ-/- (NIG) mice treated with busulfan. RESULTS In this model, the percentage of human CD3+ T cell engraftment in the blood was 28.2%, with dominant infiltration of CD8+ cells in the spleen 3 weeks post PBMC transplantation. Production of human cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-22, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, and IL-10, was determined in mice treated with busulfan. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that busulfan treatment is a beneficial alternative for simple and efficient PBMC engraftment in a rodent model, possibly helping to evaluate human immunity in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseon Bak
- GHBIO Inc. (Genes & Health Biotechnology), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Immunology and Immunopharmacology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjin Choi
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Yu
- GHBIO Inc. (Genes & Health Biotechnology), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Won Yoo
- GHBIO Inc. (Genes & Health Biotechnology), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyun Lee
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Jo
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- GHBIO Inc. (Genes & Health Biotechnology), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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2
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O'Brien LJ, Walpole CM, Leal-Rojas IM, Shatunova S, Moore A, Winkler IG, Guillerey C, Radford KJ. Characterization of Human Engraftment and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in NSG-SGM3 Neonate Mice Engrafted with Purified CD34 + Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Exp Hematol 2024; 130:104134. [PMID: 38052261 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice bearing human immune systems, or "humanized" chimeric mice, are widely used in basic research, along with the preclinical stages of drug development. Nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice expressing human stem cell factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 (NSG-SGM3) support robust development of human myeloid cells and T cells but have reduced longevity due to the development of fatal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Here, we describe an optimized protocol for development of human immune chimerism in NSG-SGM3 mice. We demonstrate that efficient human CD45+ reconstitution can be achieved and HLH delayed by engraftment of neonatal NSG-SGM3 with low numbers of human umbilical cord-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in the absence of preconditioning irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J O'Brien
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Carina M Walpole
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Leal-Rojas
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Svetlana Shatunova
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Moore
- Children's Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Oncology Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Camille Guillerey
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Baietti MF, Leucci E. Humanized mouse models for anti-cancer therapy. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:317-333. [PMID: 38548416 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are the golden standard for preclinical oncology as they can recapitulate the genotypic and phenotypic complexity of human tumors, thus enabling the development of effective therapeutic strategies. PDX models are typically established in immunocompromised animals that allow efficient growth of the xenografted tumor. Given the recent success of immune therapies in different tumors however, the establishment of humanized PDX models is critical to evaluate immune oncology drugs and/or combinations thereof. Here, we describe the detailed methods to obtain humanized PDX models for anti-cancer therapy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Baietti
- TRACE PDX Platform, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- TRACE PDX Platform, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Zheng HC, Xue H, Yun WJ. An overview of mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:49. [PMID: 37670307 PMCID: PMC10481604 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a severe burden on global health due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. However, effective treatments for HCC are limited. The lack of suitable preclinical models may contribute to a major failure of drug development for HCC. Here, we overview several well-established mouse models of HCC, including genetically engineered mice, chemically-induced models, implantation models, and humanized mice. Immunotherapy studies of HCC have been a hot topic. Therefore, we will introduce the application of mouse models of HCC in immunotherapy. This is followed by a discussion of some other models of HCC-related liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis B and C virus infection, and liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Together these provide researchers with a current overview of the mouse models of HCC and assist in the application of appropriate models for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China.
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yun
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
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5
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Del Rio NM, Huang L, Murphy L, Babu JS, Daffada CM, Haynes WJ, Keck JG, Brehm MA, Shultz LD, Brown ME. Generation of the NeoThy mouse model for human immune system studies. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:149-168. [PMID: 37386161 PMCID: PMC10935607 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Humanized mouse models, created via transplantation of human hematopoietic tissues into immune-deficient mice, support a number of research applications, including transplantation immunology, virology and oncology studies. As an alternative to the bone marrow, liver, thymus humanized mouse, which uses fetal tissues for generating a chimeric human immune system, the NeoThy humanized mouse uses nonfetal tissue sources. Specifically, the NeoThy model incorporates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) as well as thymus tissue that is typically discarded as medical waste during neonatal cardiac surgeries. Compared with fetal thymus tissue, the abundant quantity of neonatal thymus tissue offers the opportunity to prepare over 1,000 NeoThy mice from an individual thymus donor. Here we describe a protocol for processing of the neonatal tissues (thymus and UCB) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell separation, human leukocyte antigen typing and matching of allogenic thymus and UCB tissues, creation of NeoThy mice, assessment of human immune cell reconstitution and all experimental steps from planning and design to data analysis. This entire protocol takes a total of ~19 h to complete, with steps broken up into multiple sessions of 4 h or less that can be paused and completed over multiple days. The protocol can be completed, after practice, by individuals with intermediate laboratory and animal handling skills, enabling researchers to make effective use of this promising in vivo model of human immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liupei Huang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lydia Murphy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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6
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Araki D, Chen V, Redekar N, Salisbury-Ruf C, Luo Y, Liu P, Li Y, Smith RH, Dagur P, Combs C, Larochelle A. Post-Transplant Administration of G-CSF Impedes Engraftment of Gene Edited Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Exacerbating the p53-Mediated DNA Damage Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.547089. [PMID: 37425704 PMCID: PMC10327043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used as adjunct treatment to hasten recovery from neutropenia following chemotherapy and autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for malignant disorders. However, the utility of G-CSF administration after ex vivo gene therapy procedures targeting human HSPCs has not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we provide evidence that post-transplant administration of G-CSF impedes engraftment of CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited human HSPCs in xenograft models. G-CSF acts by exacerbating the p53-mediated DNA damage response triggered by Cas9- mediated DNA double-stranded breaks. Transient p53 inhibition in culture attenuates the negative impact of G-CSF on gene edited HSPC function. In contrast, post-transplant administration of G-CSF does not impair the repopulating properties of unmanipulated human HSPCs or HSPCs genetically engineered by transduction with lentiviral vectors. The potential for post-transplant G-CSF administration to aggravate HSPC toxicity associated with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing should be considered in the design of ex vivo autologous HSPC gene editing clinical trials.
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7
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Chen A, Neuwirth I, Herndler-Brandstetter D. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy in Next-Generation Humanized Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112989. [PMID: 37296949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has brought significant clinical benefits to numerous patients with malignant disease. However, only a fraction of patients experiences complete and durable responses to currently available immunotherapies. This highlights the need for more effective immunotherapies, combination treatments and predictive biomarkers. The molecular properties of a tumor, intratumor heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment decisively shape tumor evolution, metastasis and therapy resistance and are therefore key targets for precision cancer medicine. Humanized mice that support the engraftment of patient-derived tumors and recapitulate the human tumor immune microenvironment of patients represent a promising preclinical model to address fundamental questions in precision immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of next-generation humanized mouse models suitable for the establishment and study of patient-derived tumors. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of modeling the tumor immune microenvironment and testing a variety of immunotherapeutic approaches using human immune system mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chen
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Neuwirth
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Ding T, Yu Y, Pan X, Chen H. Establishment of humanized mice and its application progress in cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:679-697. [PMID: 37096919 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current high prevalence of malignant tumors has attracted considerable attention, and treating advanced malignancies is becoming increasingly difficult. Although immunotherapy is a hopeful alternative, it is effective in only a few people. Thus, development of preclinical animal models is needed. Humanized xenotransplantation mouse models can help with selecting treatment protocols, evaluating curative effects and assessing prognosis. This review discusses the establishment of humanized mouse models and their application prospects in cancer immunotherapy to identify tailored therapies for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Pan
- Department of Vision Rehabilitation, Gansu Province Hospital Rehabilitation Center, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
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9
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Lee J, Dey S, Rajvanshi PK, Merling RK, Teng R, Rogers HM, Noguchi CT. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is required for erythropoietin stimulated erythropoiesis in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1144110. [PMID: 36895793 PMCID: PMC9988911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1144110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO), produced in the kidney in a hypoxia responsive manner, is required for red blood cell production. In non-erythroid tissue, EPO increases endothelial cell production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that regulates vascular tone to improve oxygen delivery. This contributes to EPO cardioprotective activity in mouse models. Nitric oxide treatment in mice shifts hematopoiesis toward the erythroid lineage, increases red blood cell production and total hemoglobin. In erythroid cells, nitric oxide can also be generated by hydroxyurea metabolism that may contribute to hydroxyurea induction of fetal hemoglobin. We find that during erythroid differentiation, EPO induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and that neuronal nitric oxide synthase is required for normal erythropoietic response. Methods: Wild type (WT) mice and mice with targeted deletion of nNOS (nNOS-/-) and eNOS (eNOS-/-) were assessed for EPO stimulated erythropoietic response. Bone marrow erythropoietic activity was assessed in culture by EPO dependent erythroid colony assay and in vivo by bone marrow transplantation into recipient WT mice. Contribution of nNOS to EPO stimulated cell proliferation was assessed in EPO dependent erythroid cells and in primary human erythroid progenitor cell cultures. Results: EPO treatment increased hematocrit similarly in WT and eNOS-/- mice and showed a lower increase in hematocrit nNOS-/- mice. Erythroid colony assays from bone marrow cells were comparable in number from wild type, eNOS-/- and nNOS-/- mice at low EPO concentration. Colony number increased at high EPO concentration is seen only in cultures from bone marrow cells of wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not from nNOS-/- mice. Colony size with high EPO treatment also exhibited a marked increase in erythroid cultures from wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not from nNOS-/- mice. Bone marrow transplant from nNOS-/- mice into immunodeficient mice showed engraftment at comparable levels to WT bone marrow transplant. With EPO treatment, the increase in hematocrit was blunted in recipient mice that received with nNOS-/- donor marrow compared with recipient mice that received WT donor marrow. In erythroid cell cultures, addition of nNOS inhibitor resulted in decreased EPO dependent proliferation mediated in part by decreased EPO receptor expression, and decreased proliferation of hemin induced differentiating erythroid cells. Discussion: EPO treatment in mice and in corresponding cultures of bone marrow erythropoiesis suggest an intrinsic defect in erythropoietic response of nNOS-/- mice to high EPO stimulation. Transplantation of bone marrow from donor WT or nNOS-/- mice into recipient WT mice showed that EPO treatment post-transplant recapitulated the response of donor mice. Culture studies suggest nNOS regulation of EPO dependent erythroid cell proliferation, expression of EPO receptor and cell cycle associated genes, and AKT activation. These data provide evidence that nitric oxide modulates EPO dose dependent erythropoietic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soumyadeep Dey
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Praveen K Rajvanshi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Randall K Merling
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ruifeng Teng
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather M Rogers
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance T Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Side effects of treatment with busulfan at high doses in dogs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.37.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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11
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Improved engraftment and therapeutic efficacy by human genome-edited hematopoietic stem cells with Busulfan-based myeloablation. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:392-409. [PMID: 35573043 PMCID: PMC9065050 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using genome-edited cells can become a definitive therapy for hematological and non-hematological disorders with neurological involvement. Proof-of-concept studies using human genome-edited hematopoietic stem cells have been hindered by the low efficiency of engraftment of the edited cells in the bone marrow and their modest efficacy in the CNS. To address these challenges, we tested a myeloablative conditioning regimen based on Busulfan in an immunocompromised model of mucopolysaccharidosis type 1. Compared with sub-lethal irradiation, Busulfan conditioning enhanced the engraftment of edited CD34+ cells in the bone marrow, as well the long-term homing and survival of bone-marrow-derived cells in viscera, and in the CNS, resulting in higher transgene expression and biochemical correction in these organs. Edited cell selection using a clinically compatible marker resulted in a population with low engraftment potential. We conclude that conditioning can impact the engraftment of edited hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, Busulfan-conditioned recipients have a higher expression of therapeutic proteins in target organs, particularly in the CNS, constituting a better conditioning approach for non-hematological diseases with neurological involvement.
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12
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Liu W, Teodorescu P, Halene S, Ghiaur G. The Coming of Age of Preclinical Models of MDS. Front Oncol 2022; 12:815037. [PMID: 35372085 PMCID: PMC8966105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.815037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal bone-marrow diseases with ineffective hematopoiesis resulting in cytopenias and morphologic dysplasia of hematopoietic cells. MDS carry a wide spectrum of genetic abnormalities, ranging from chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions/additions, to recurrent mutations affecting the spliceosome, epigenetic modifiers, or transcription factors. As opposed to AML, research in MDS has been hindered by the lack of preclinical models that faithfully replicate the complexity of the disease and capture the heterogeneity. The complex molecular landscape of the disease poses a unique challenge when creating transgenic mouse-models. In addition, primary MDS cells are difficult to manipulate ex vivo limiting in vitro studies and resulting in a paucity of cell lines and patient derived xenograft models. In recent years, progress has been made in the development of both transgenic and xenograft murine models advancing our understanding of individual contributors to MDS pathology as well as the complex primary interplay of genetic and microenvironment aberrations. We here present a comprehensive review of these transgenic and xenograft models for MDS and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Tsogbadrakh B, Jung JA, Lee M, Lee JA, Seo JH. Identifying serum miRNA biomarkers for radiation exposure in hematopoietic humanized NSG-SGM3 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Jin KT, Du WL, Lan HR, Liu YY, Mao CS, Du JL, Mou XZ. Development of humanized mouse with patient-derived xenografts for cancer immunotherapy studies: A comprehensive review. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2592-2606. [PMID: 33938090 PMCID: PMC8253285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, however, not all tumor types and patients are completely responsive to this approach. Establishing predictive pre-clinical models would allow for more accurate and practical immunotherapeutic drug development. Mouse models are extensively used as in vivo system for biomedical research. However, due to the significant differences between rodents and human, it is impossible to translate most of the findings from mouse models to human. Pharmacological development and advancing personalized medicine using patient-derived xenografts relies on producing mouse models in which murine cells and genes are substituted with their human equivalent. Humanized mice (HM) provide a suitable platform to evaluate xenograft growth in the context of a human immune system. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the generation and application of HM models. We also reviewed new insights into the basic mechanisms, pre-clinical evaluation of onco-immunotherapies, current limitations in the application of these models as well as available improvement strategies. Finally, we pointed out some issues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wen-Lin Du
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yu-Yao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Chun-Sen Mao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jin-Lin Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Garcia-Perez L, van Roon L, Schilham MW, Lankester AC, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. Combining Mobilizing Agents with Busulfan to Reduce Chemotherapy-Based Conditioning for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051077. [PMID: 33946560 PMCID: PMC8147230 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, conditioning with myelo- and immune-ablative agents is used to eradicate the patient’s diseased cells, generate space in the marrow and suppress immune reactions prior to the infusion of donor HSCs. While conditioning is required for effective and long-lasting HSC engraftment, currently used regimens are also associated with short and long-term side effects on extramedullary tissues and even mortality. Particularly in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), who are generally less than 1-year old at the time of transplantation and often suffer from existing comorbidities. There is a pressing need for development of alternative, less toxic conditioning regimens. Hence, we here aimed to improve efficacy of currently used myeloablative protocols by combining busulfan with stem-cell niche-directed therapeutic agents (G-CSF or plerixafor) that are approved for clinical use in stem cell mobilization. T, B and myeloid cell recovery was analyzed in humanized NSG mice after different conditioning regimens. Increasing levels of human leukocyte chimerism were observed in a busulfan dose-dependent manner, showing comparable immune recovery as with total body irradiation in CD34-transplanted NSG mice. Notably, a better T cell reconstitution compared to TBI was observed after busulfan conditioning not only in NSG mice but also in SCID mouse models. Direct effects of reducing the stem cell compartment in the bone marrow were observed after G-CSF and plerixafor administration, as well as in combination with low doses of busulfan. Unfortunately, these direct effects on the stem population in the bone marrow were not reflected in increased human chimerism or immune recovery after CD34 transplantation in NSG mice. These results indicate moderate potential of reduced conditioning regimens for clinical use relevant for all allogeneic transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia-Perez
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.G.-P.); (L.v.R.); (K.P.-O.)
| | - Lieke van Roon
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.G.-P.); (L.v.R.); (K.P.-O.)
| | - Marco W. Schilham
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.W.S.); (A.C.L.)
| | - Arjan C. Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.W.S.); (A.C.L.)
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.G.-P.); (L.v.R.); (K.P.-O.)
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.G.-P.); (L.v.R.); (K.P.-O.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Terahara K, Iwabuchi R, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y. Perspectives on Non-BLT Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV Pathogenesis and Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050776. [PMID: 33924786 PMCID: PMC8145733 DOI: 10.3390/v13050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of humanized mice, which are reconstituted only with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or with fetal thymus and HSCs, have been developed and widely utilized as in vivo animal models of HIV-1 infection. The models represent some aspects of HIV-mediated pathogenesis in humans and are useful for the evaluation of therapeutic regimens. However, there are several limitations in these models, including their incomplete immune responses and poor distribution of human cells to the secondary lymphoid tissues. These limitations are common in many humanized mouse models and are critical issues that need to be addressed. As distinct defects exist in each model, we need to be cautious about the experimental design and interpretation of the outcomes obtained using humanized mice. Considering this point, we mainly characterize the current conventional humanized mouse reconstituted only with HSCs and describe past achievements in this area, as well as the potential contributions of the humanized mouse models for the study of HIV pathogenesis and therapy. We also discuss the use of various technologies to solve the current problems. Humanized mice will contribute not only to the pre-clinical evaluation of anti-HIV regimens, but also to a deeper understanding of basic aspects of HIV biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Terahara
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.T.); (R.I.)
| | - Ryutaro Iwabuchi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.T.); (R.I.)
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (K.T.); (R.I.)
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Human Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-3-6424-2223
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17
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Gillgrass A, Wessels JM, Yang JX, Kaushic C. Advances in Humanized Mouse Models to Improve Understanding of HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617516. [PMID: 33746940 PMCID: PMC7973037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antiretroviral therapy has transformed human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) from a deadly infection into a chronic disease, it does not clear the viral reservoir, leaving HIV-1 as an uncurable infection. Currently, 1.2 million new HIV-1 infections occur globally each year, with little decrease over many years. Therefore, additional research is required to advance the current state of HIV management, find potential therapeutic strategies, and further understand the mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis and prevention strategies. Non-human primates (NHP) have been used extensively in HIV research and have provided critical advances within the field, but there are several issues that limit their use. Humanized mouse (Hu-mouse) models, or immunodeficient mice engrafted with human immune cells and/or tissues, provide a cost-effective and practical approach to create models for HIV research. Hu-mice closely parallel multiple aspects of human HIV infection and disease progression. Here, we highlight how innovations in Hu-mouse models have advanced HIV-1 research in the past decade. We discuss the effect of different background strains of mice, of modifications on the reconstitution of the immune cells, and the pros and cons of different human cells and/or tissue engraftment methods, on the ability to examine HIV-1 infection and immune response. Finally, we consider the newest advances in the Hu-mouse models and their potential to advance research in emerging areas of mucosal infections, understand the role of microbiota and the complex issues in HIV-TB co-infection. These innovations in Hu-mouse models hold the potential to significantly enhance mechanistic research to develop novel strategies for HIV prevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gillgrass
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn M. Wessels
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jack X. Yang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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18
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Martinov T, McKenna KM, Tan WH, Collins EJ, Kehret AR, Linton JD, Olsen TM, Shobaki N, Rongvaux A. Building the Next Generation of Humanized Hemato-Lymphoid System Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643852. [PMID: 33692812 PMCID: PMC7938325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 1980s, mice have been repopulated with human hematopoietic cells to study the fundamental biology of human hematopoiesis and immunity, as well as a broad range of human diseases in vivo. Multiple mouse recipient strains have been developed and protocols optimized to efficiently generate these “humanized” mice. Here, we review three guiding principles that have been applied to the development of the currently available models: (1) establishing tolerance of the mouse host for the human graft; (2) opening hematopoietic niches so that they can be occupied by human cells; and (3) providing necessary support for human hematopoiesis. We then discuss four remaining challenges: (1) human hematopoietic lineages that poorly develop in mice; (2) limited antigen-specific adaptive immunity; (3) absent tolerance of the human immune system for its mouse host; and (4) sub-functional interactions between human immune effectors and target mouse tissues. While major advances are still needed, the current models can already be used to answer specific, clinically-relevant questions and hopefully inform the development of new, life-saving therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Martinov
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly M McKenna
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wei Hong Tan
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Emily J Collins
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Allie R Kehret
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan D Linton
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tayla M Olsen
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nour Shobaki
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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19
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Lai F, Wee CYY, Chen Q. Establishment of Humanized Mice for the Study of HBV. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638447. [PMID: 33679796 PMCID: PMC7933441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis particularly Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is still an ongoing health issue worldwide. Despite the vast technological advancements in research and development, only HBV vaccines, typically given during early years, are currently available as a preventive measure against acquiring the disease from a secondary source. In general, HBV can be cleared naturally by the human immune system if detected at low levels early. However, long term circulation of HBV in the peripheral blood may be detrimental to the human liver, specifically targeting human hepatocytes for cccDNA integration which inevitably supports HBV life cycle for the purpose of reinfection in healthy cells. Although there is some success in using nucleoside analogs or polyclonal antibodies targeting HBV surface antigens (HBsAg) in patients with acute or chronic HBV+ (CHB), majority of them would either respond only partially or succumb to the disease entirely unless they undergo liver transplants from a fully matched healthy donor and even so may not necessarily guarantee a 100% chance of survival. Indeed, in vitro/ex vivo cultures and various transgenic animal models have already provided us with a good understanding of HBV but they primarily lack human specificity or virus-host interactions in the presence of human immune surveillance. Therefore, the demand of utilizing humanized mice has increased over the last decade as a pre-clinical platform for investigating human-specific immune responses against HBV as well as identifying potential immunotherapeutic strategies in eradicating the virus. Basically, this review covers some of the recent developments and key advantages of humanized mouse models over other conventional transgenic mice platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cherry Yong Yi Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Demirci S, Zeng J, Wu Y, Uchida N, Shen AH, Pellin D, Gamer J, Yapundich M, Drysdale C, Bonanno J, Bonifacino AC, Krouse AE, Linde NS, Engels T, Donahue RE, Haro-Mora JJ, Leonard A, Nassehi T, Luk K, Porter SN, Lazzarotto CR, Tsai SQ, Weiss MJ, Pruett-Miller SM, Wolfe SA, Bauer DE, Tisdale JF. BCL11A enhancer-edited hematopoietic stem cells persist in rhesus monkeys without toxicity. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:6677-6687. [PMID: 32897878 PMCID: PMC7685754 DOI: 10.1172/jci140189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing of the erythroid-specific BCL11A enhancer in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) induces fetal hemoglobin (HbF) without detectable toxicity, as assessed by mouse xenotransplant. Here, we evaluated autologous engraftment and HbF induction potential of erythroid-specific BCL11A enhancer-edited HSPCs in 4 nonhuman primates. We used a single guide RNA (sgRNA) with identical human and rhesus target sequences to disrupt a GATA1 binding site at the BCL11A +58 erythroid enhancer. Cas9 protein and sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) was electroporated into rhesus HSPCs, followed by autologous infusion after myeloablation. We found that gene edits persisted in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) for up to 101 weeks similarly for BCL11A enhancer- or control locus-targeted (AAVS1-targeted) cells. Biallelic BCL11A enhancer editing resulted in robust γ-globin induction, with the highest levels observed during stress erythropoiesis. Indels were evenly distributed across PB and BM lineages. Off-target edits were not observed. Nonhomologous end-joining repair alleles were enriched in engrafting HSCs. In summary, we found that edited HSCs can persist for at least 101 weeks after transplant and biallelic-edited HSCs provide substantial HbF levels in PB red blood cells, together supporting further clinical translation of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Zeng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne H. Shen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danilo Pellin
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jackson Gamer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Morgan Yapundich
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claire Drysdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jasmine Bonanno
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Allen E. Krouse
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Linde
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theresa Engels
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert E. Donahue
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan J. Haro-Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tina Nassehi
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Luk
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaina N. Porter
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, and
| | - Cicera R. Lazzarotto
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shengdar Q. Tsai
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Scot A. Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel E. Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Park N, Pandey K, Chang SK, Kwon AY, Cho YB, Hur J, Katwal NB, Kim SK, Lee SA, Son GW, Jo JM, Ahn HJ, Moon YW. Preclinical platform for long-term evaluation of immuno-oncology drugs using hCD34+ humanized mouse model. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001513. [PMID: 33239416 PMCID: PMC7689593 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-characterized preclinical models are essential for immune-oncology research. We investigated the feasibility of our humanized mouse model for evaluating the long-term efficacy of immunotherapy and biomarkers. METHODS Humanized mice were generated by injecting human fetal cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells to NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mice myeloablated with irradiation or busulfan. The humanization success was defined as a 25% or higher ratio of human CD45+ cells to mice peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Busulfan was ultimately selected as the appropriate myeloablative method because it provided a higher success rate of humanization (approximately 80%) and longer survival time (45 weeks). We proved the development of functional T cells by demonstrating the anticancer effect of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in our humanized mice but not in non-humanized NSG mice. After confirming the long-lasting humanization state (45 weeks), we further investigated the response durability of the PD-1 inhibitor and biomarkers in our humanized mice. Early increase in serum tumor necrosis factor α levels, late increase in serum interleukin 6 levels and increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes correlated more with a durable response over 60 days than with a non-durable response. CONCLUSIONS Our CD34+ humanized mouse model is the first in vivo platform for testing the long-term efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies and biomarkers, given that none of the preclinical models has ever been evaluated for such a long duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahee Park
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kamal Pandey
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sei Kyung Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young Bin Cho
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nar Bahadur Katwal
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung Ki Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung Ah Lee
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Gun Woo Son
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Min Jo
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
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22
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Abstract
Gene transfer to and correction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are ideal strategies to cure a number of congenital and acquired disorders. However, transgene products may trigger immunological rejection of modified cells, limiting their therapeutic benefits. Preclinical and clinical data indicate that myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI) allows for efficient engraftment and tolerance to gene-modified HSCs. In contrast, myeloablative chemotherapy using busulfan or similar agents is only sufficient to induce tolerance to gene-modified HSCs producing no or non-immunogenic protein. If cells are modified to produce a protein that is xenogenic or congenitally absent in the patient, additional immunosuppression may be required to prevent an immunological reaction to the transduced cells. New gene editing and in vivo gene therapy techniques could pose additional immune concerns compared to ex vivo gene therapy methods. This review is intended to guide the design of conditioning and immunosuppression therapy in HSC-targeted gene therapy, as well as gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Drysdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) /National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) /National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) /National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Wunderlich M, Manning N, Sexton C, Sabulski A, Byerly L, O’Brien E, Perentesis JP, Mizukawa B, Mulloy JC. Improved chemotherapy modeling with RAG-based immune deficient mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225532. [PMID: 31747424 PMCID: PMC6867639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously characterized an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy model for SCID-based immune deficient mice (NSG and NSGS), consisting of 5 days of cytarabine (AraC) and 3 days of anthracycline (doxorubicin), to simulate the standard 7+3 chemotherapy regimen many AML patients receive. While this model remains tractable, there are several limitations, presumably due to the constitutional Pkrdcscid (SCID, severe combined immune deficiency) mutation which affects DNA repair in all tissues of the mouse. These include the inability to combine preconditioning with subsequent chemotherapy, the inability to repeat chemotherapy cycles, and the increased sensitivity of the host hematopoietic cells to genotoxic stress. Here we attempt to address these drawbacks through the use of alternative strains with RAG-based immune deficiency (NRG and NRGS). We find that RAG-based mice tolerate a busulfan preconditioning regimen in combination with either AML or 4-drug acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) chemotherapy, expanding the number of samples that can be studied. RAG-based mice also tolerate multiple cycles of therapy, thereby allowing for more aggressive, realistic modeling. Furthermore, standard AML therapy in RAG mice was 3.8-fold more specific for AML cells, relative to SCID mice, demonstrating an improved therapeutic window for genotoxic agents. We conclude that RAG-based mice should be the new standard for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic strategies involving genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MW); (JM)
| | - Nicole Manning
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christina Sexton
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anthony Sabulski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Luke Byerly
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric O’Brien
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John P. Perentesis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Mizukawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James C. Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MW); (JM)
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24
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Leonard A, Yapundich M, Nassehi T, Gamer J, Drysdale CM, Haro-Mora JJ, Demirci S, Hsieh MM, Uchida N, Tisdale JF. Low-Dose Busulfan Reduces Human CD34 + Cell Doses Required for Engraftment in c-kit Mutant Immunodeficient Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 15:430-437. [PMID: 31890735 PMCID: PMC6909187 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanized animal models are central to efforts aimed at improving hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation with or without genetic modification. Human cell engraftment is feasible in immunodeficient mice; however, high HSC doses and conditioning limit broad use of xenograft models. We assessed human CD45+ chimerism after transplanting varying doses of human CD34+ HSCs (2 × 105 to 2 × 106 cells/mouse) with or without busulfan (BU) pretransplant conditioning in c-kit mutant mice that do not require conditioning (non-obese diabetic [NOD]/B6/severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID]/ interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain null (IL-2rγ-/-) KitW41/W41 [NBSGW]). We then tested a range of BU (5-37.5 mg/kg) using 2 × 105 human CD34+ cells. Glycophorin-A erythrocyte chimerism was assessed after murine macrophage depletion using clodronate liposomes. We demonstrated successful long-term engraftment of human CD34+ cells at all cell doses in this model, and equivalent engraftment using 10-fold less CD34+ cells with the addition of BU conditioning. Low-dose BU (10 mg/kg) was sufficient to allow human engraftment using 2 × 105 CD34+ cells, whereas higher doses (≥37.5 mg/kg) were toxic. NBSGW mice support human erythropoiesis in the bone marrow; however, murine macrophage depletion provided only minimal and transient increases in peripheral blood human erythrocytes. Our xenograft model is therefore useful in HSC gene therapy and genome-editing studies, especially for modeling in disorders, such as sickle cell disease, where access to HSCs is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Yapundich
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tina Nassehi
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jackson Gamer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire M. Drysdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan J. Haro-Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew M. Hsieh
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author: Naoya Uchida, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Guo X, Yin X, Zhu W, Pan Y, Wang H, Liang Y, Zhu X. The Preconditioning of Busulfan Promotes Efficiency of Human CD133+ Cells Engraftment in NOD Shi-SCID IL2Rγcnull (NOG) Mice via Intra-Bone Marrow Injection. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:973-979. [PMID: 30983406 PMCID: PMC6719503 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719842162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CD133+ stem cells were injected into the bone marrow cavity of NOG (NOD Shi-SCID IL2Rγcnull) mice with or without preconditioning of busulfan in order to assess the efficiency of human CD133+ cells engraftment. Peripheral blood from CD133+-engrafted NOG mice was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that human CD19+ B lymphocytes could be detected at 4 weeks post-transplantation, and human CD4+, CD8+ subsets of T lymphocytes, CD19– CD14– HLA-DR+ DCs and CD19– CD14+ monocytes could be detected at 16 weeks post-transplantation. The survival rate of mice in busulfan-untreated group (100%) was slightly higher than that in the busulfan-pretreated group (83%) (P > 0.05). However, the differentiation efficiency of CD133+ stem cells in busulfan-pretreated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group (P < 0.05). This data imply that CD133+ cells could be a good resource for a humanized mouse model, and the preconditioning of busulfan could be more conducive to accelerating the differentiation of human CD133+ cells in NOG mice by intra-bone marrow injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Guo
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yin
- 2 Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, China.,3 Xinxiang Assegai Medical Laboratory Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, China.,4 Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- 2 Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Ying Pan
- 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 4 Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, China.,6 Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- 2 Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, China.,7 The Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the immune system, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- 2 Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, China.,4 Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, China.,6 Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, China
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Khan N, Mahajan NK, Sinha P, Jayandharan GR. An efficient method to generate xenograft tumor models of acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma in adult zebrafish. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 75:48-55. [PMID: 30616104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is emerging as a promising model for the study of human cancers. Several xenograft models of zebrafish have been developed, particularly in larval stages (<48 h post fertilization) when the immune system of fish is not developed. However, xenografting in adult zebrafish requires laborious and transient methods of immune suppression (γ- irradiation or dexamethasone) that limits engraftment and survival of the tumor or fail to recapitulate specific characteristics of malignancies. Thus, the availability of a simple protocol to successfully engraft adult zebrafish, remains a challenge. The current study addresses this limitation and describes a robust method of xenografting in adult zebrafish. We describe a protocol that involves pre-conditioning of Casper, a pigmentation mutant of zebrafish with busulfan that led to a higher rate of engraftment of hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia cells. To further ascertain the homing characteristics of the injected cancer cells, we transplanted adult zebrafish by two routes of administration and then studied their compartmentalization. This model presents a valuable alternative to rodents to study the biology of these cancers and also a cost-effective platform for evaluation of potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Pradip Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Giridhara R Jayandharan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP, India.
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27
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Humanized Mice for the Study of Immuno-Oncology. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:748-763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Recombinant TAT-BMI-1 fusion protein induces ex vivo expansion of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43782-43798. [PMID: 28187462 PMCID: PMC5546440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a well-established therapeutic approach for numerous disorders. HSCs are typically derived from bone marrow or peripheral blood after cytokine-induced mobilization. Umbilical cord blood (CB) represents an appealing alternative HSC source, but the small amounts of the individual CB units have limited its applications. The availability of strategies for safe ex vivo expansion of CB-derived HSCs (CB-HSCs) may allow to extend the use of these cells in adult patients and to avoid the risk of insufficient engraftment or delayed hematopoietic recovery. Here we describe a system for the ex vivo expansion of CB-HSCs based on their transient exposure to a recombinant TAT-BMI-1 chimeric protein. BMI-1 belongs to the Polycomb family of epigenetic modifiers and is recognized as a central regulator of HSC self-renewal. Recombinant TAT-BMI-1 produced in bacteria was able to enter the target cells via the HIV TAT-derived protein transduction peptide covalently attached to BMI-1, and conserved its biological activity. Treatment of CB-CD34+ cells for 3 days with repeated addition of 10 nM purified TAT-BMI-1 significantly enhanced total cell expansion as well as that of primitive hematopoietic progenitors in culture. Importantly, TAT-BMI-1-treated CB-CD34+ cells displayed a consistently higher rate of multi-lineage long-term repopulating activity in primary and secondary xenotransplants in immunocompromised mice. Thus, recombinant TAT-BMI-1 may represent a novel, effective reagent for ex vivo expansion of CB-HSC for therapeutic purposes.
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LEA29Y expression in transgenic neonatal porcine islet-like cluster promotes long-lasting xenograft survival in humanized mice without immunosuppressive therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3572. [PMID: 28620237 PMCID: PMC5472587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered pigs are a promising source for islet cell transplantation in type 1 diabetes, but the strong human anti-pig immune response prevents its successful clinical application. Here we studied the efficacy of neonatal porcine islet-like cell clusters (NPICCs) overexpressing LEA29Y, a high-affinity variant of the T cell co-stimulation inhibitor CTLA-4Ig, to engraft and restore normoglycemia after transplantation into streptozotocin-diabetic NOD-SCID IL2rγ−/− (NSG) mice stably reconstituted with a human immune system. Transplantation of INSLEA29Y expressing NPICCs resulted in development of normal glucose tolerance (70.4%) and long-term maintenance of normoglycemia without administration of immunosuppressive drugs. All animals transplanted with wild-type NPICCs remained diabetic. Immunohistological examinations revealed a strong peri- and intragraft infiltration of wild-type NPICCs with human CD45+ immune cells consisting of predominantly CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and some CD68+ macrophages and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Significantly less infiltrating lymphocytes and only few macrophages were observed in animals transplanted with INSLEA29Y transgenic NPICCs. This is the first study providing evidence that beta cell-specific LEA29Y expression is effective for NPICC engraftment in the presence of a humanized immune system and it has a long-lasting protective effect on inhibition of human anti-pig xenoimmunity. Our findings may have important implications for the development of a low-toxic protocol for porcine islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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30
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Duchesneau P, Besla R, Derouet MF, Guo L, Karoubi G, Silberberg A, Wong AP, Waddell TK. Partial Restoration of CFTR Function in cftr-Null Mice following Targeted Cell Replacement Therapy. Mol Ther 2017; 25:654-665. [PMID: 28187947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Alteration in CFTR leads to thick airway mucus and bacterial infection. Cell therapy has been proposed for CFTR restoration, but efficacy has been limited by low engraftment levels. In our previous studies, we have shown that using a pre-conditioning regimen in combination with optimization of cell number and time of delivery, we could obtain greater bone marrow cell (BMC) retention in the lung. Here, we found that optimized delivery of wild-type (WT) BMC contributed to apical CFTR expression in airway epithelium and restoration of select ceramide species and fatty acids in CFTR-/- mice. Importantly, WT BMC delivery delayed Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection and increased survival of CFTR-/- recipients. Only WT BMCs had a beneficial effect beyond 6 months, suggesting a dual mechanism of BMC benefit: a non-specific effect early after cell delivery, possibly due to the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, and a late beneficial effect dependent on long-term CFTR expression. Taken together, our results suggest that BMC can improve overall lung function and may have potential therapeutic benefit for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Duchesneau
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mathieu F Derouet
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Li Guo
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Amanda Silberberg
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Amy P Wong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
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In vitro and in vivo assessment of direct effects of simulated solar and galactic cosmic radiation on human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Leukemia 2016; 31:1398-1407. [PMID: 27881872 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Future deep space missions to Mars and near-Earth asteroids will expose astronauts to chronic solar energetic particles (SEP) and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) radiation, and likely one or more solar particle events (SPEs). Given the inherent radiosensitivity of hematopoietic cells and short latency period of leukemias, space radiation-induced hematopoietic damage poses a particular threat to astronauts on extended missions. We show that exposing human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC) to extended mission-relevant doses of accelerated high-energy protons and iron ions leads to the following: (1) introduces mutations that are frequently located within genes involved in hematopoiesis and are distinct from those induced by γ-radiation; (2) markedly reduces in vitro colony formation; (3) markedly alters engraftment and lineage commitment in vivo; and (4) leads to the development, in vivo, of what appears to be T-ALL. Sequential exposure to protons and iron ions (as typically occurs in deep space) proved far more deleterious to HSC genome integrity and function than either particle species alone. Our results represent a critical step for more accurately estimating risks to the human hematopoietic system from space radiation, identifying and better defining molecular mechanisms by which space radiation impairs hematopoiesis and induces leukemogenesis, as well as for developing appropriately targeted countermeasures.
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Pham PV, Le HT, Vu BT, Pham VQ, Le PM, Phan NLC, Trinh NV, Nguyen HTL, Nguyen ST, Nguyen TL, Phan NK. Targeting breast cancer stem cells by dendritic cell vaccination in humanized mice with breast tumor: preliminary results. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4441-51. [PMID: 27499638 PMCID: PMC4959598 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading cancers in women. Recent progress has enabled BC to be cured with high efficiency. However, late detection or metastatic disease often renders the disease untreatable. Additionally, relapse is the main cause of death in BC patients. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered to cause the development of BC and are thought to be responsible for metastasis and relapse. This study aimed to target BCSCs using dendritic cells (DCs) to treat tumor-bearing humanized mice models. Materials and methods NOD/SCID mice were used to produce the humanized mice by transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells. Human BCSCs were injected into the mammary fat pad to produce BC humanized mice. Both hematopoietic stem cells and DCs were isolated from the human umbilical cord blood, and immature DCs were produced from cultured mononuclear cells. DCs were matured by BCSC-derived antigen incubation for 48 hours. Mature DCs were vaccinated to BC humanized mice with a dose of 106 cells/mice, and the survival percentage was monitored in both treated and untreated groups. Results The results showed that DC vaccination could target BCSCs and reduce the tumor size and prolong survival. Conclusion These results suggested that targeting BCSCs with DCs is a promising therapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Van Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Hanh Thi Le
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Binh Thanh Vu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Viet Quoc Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Phong Minh Le
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Nhan Lu-Chinh Phan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Ngu Van Trinh
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Huyen Thi-Lam Nguyen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Sinh Truong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
| | | | - Ngoc Kim Phan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City
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Kang YK, Ko Y, Choi A, Choi HJ, Seo JH, Lee M, Lee JA. Humanizing NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mice using busulfan and retro-orbital injection of umbilical cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells. Blood Res 2016; 51:31-6. [PMID: 27104189 PMCID: PMC4828526 DOI: 10.5045/br.2016.51.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humanized mouse models are still under development, and various protocols exist to improve human cell engraftment and function. Methods Fourteen NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mice (4‒5 wk old) were conditioned with busulfan and injected with human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) via retro-orbital sinuses. The bone marrow (BM), spleen, and peripheral blood (PB) were analyzed 8 and 12 weeks after HSC transplantation. Results Most of the NSG mice tolerated the regimen well. The percentage of hCD45+ and CD19+ cells rose significantly in a time-dependent manner. The median percentage of hCD45+cells in the BM was 55.5% at week 8, and 67.2% at week 12. The median percentage of hCD45+ cells in the spleen at weeks 8 and 12 was 42% and 51%, respectively. The median percentage of hCD19+ cells in BM at weeks 8 and 12 was 21.5% and 39%, respectively (P=0.04). Similarly, the median percentage of hCD19+ cells in the spleen at weeks 8 and 12 was 10% and 24%, respectively (P=0.04). The percentage of hCD19+ B cells in PB was 23% at week 12. At week 8, hCD3+ T cells were barely detectable, while hCD7+ was detected in the BM and spleen. The percentage of hCD3+ T cells was 2‒3% at week 12 in the BM, spleen, and PB of humanized NSG mice. Conclusion We adopted a simplified protocol for establishing humanized NSG mice. We observed a higher engraftment rate of human CD45+ cells than earlier studies without any significant toxicity. And human CD45+ cell engraftment at week 8 was comparable to that of week 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunmi Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aery Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Jwa Choi
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Seo
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.; Laboratory Animal Facility, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Uchida N, Green R, Ballantine J, Skala LP, Hsieh MM, Tisdale JF. Kinetics of lentiviral vector transduction in human CD34(+) cells. Exp Hematol 2015; 44:106-15. [PMID: 26499040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unlike cell lines, human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are less efficiently transduced with HIV-1 vectors, potentially limiting this approach. To investigate which step (internalization, reverse transcription, nuclear transport, and integration) limits lentiviral transduction, we evaluated the kinetics of lentiviral transduction in human CD34(+) cells. We transduced HeLa and CD34(+) cells with self-inactivating HIV-1 vector at low and tenfold higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) and evaluated vector amounts at various time points based on the rationale that if a given step was not limiting, tenfold greater vector amounts would be obtained at the tenfold higher MOI. We observed slower internalization (>60 min), a peak in reverse transcription at 24 hours, and completion of integration at 3 days in CD34(+) cells. In HeLa cells, there were approximately tenfold greater amounts at high MOI at all time points. When compared with HeLa cells, CD34(+) cells exhibited larger differences in vector amounts between high and low MOIs at 2-6 hours and a smaller difference at 12 hours to 10 days, revealing a limitation in human CD34(+) cell transduction around 12 hours, which corresponds to reverse transcription. In serial measurements of reverse transcription at 24 hours, vector amounts did not decrease once detected among CD34(+) cells. When using an HSC expansion medium, we observed less limitation for starting reverse transcription and more efficient transduction among CD34(+) cells in vitro and in xenografted mice. These data suggest that it is the initiation of reverse transcription that limits lentiviral transduction of human CD34(+) cells. Our findings provide an avenue for optimizing human CD34(+) cell transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Uchida
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD.
| | - Rashidah Green
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Josiah Ballantine
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Luke P Skala
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew M Hsieh
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - John F Tisdale
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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35
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Skirecki T, Kawiak J, Machaj E, Pojda Z, Wasilewska D, Czubak J, Hoser G. Early severe impairment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow caused by CLP sepsis and endotoxemia in a humanized mice model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:142. [PMID: 26272069 PMCID: PMC4536694 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An effective immune response to severe bacterial infections requires a robust production of the innate immunity cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in a process called emergency myelopoiesis. In sepsis, an altered immune response that leads to a failure of bacterial clearance is often observed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of sepsis on human HSPCs in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment of humanized mice subjected to acute endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Methods Humanized mice (hu-NSG) were generated by transplanting NOD.Cg-Prkdc/scidIL2rγ (NSG) mice with the human cord blood CD34+ cells. Eight weeks after the transplantation, hu-NSG mice were subjected to sepsis induced by endotoxemia—Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—or by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Twenty-four hours later, HSPCs from BM were analyzed by flow cytometry and colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. CLP after inhibition of Notch signaling was also performed. The effects of LPS on the in vitro proliferation of CD34+ cells from human BM were tested by CellTrace Violet dye staining. Results The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 receptor was present among engrafted human HSPCs. Both CLP and endotoxemia decreased (by 43 % and 37 %) cellularity of the BM. In addition, in both models, accumulation of early CD34+ CD38− HSCs was observed, but the number of CD34+ CD38+ progenitors decreased. After CLP, there was a 1.5-fold increase of proliferating CD34+ CD38−Ki-67+ cells. Moreover, CFU assay revealed a depressed (by 75 % after LPS and by 50 % after CLP) production of human hematopoietic colonies from the BM of septic mice. In contrast, in vitro LPS stimulated differentiation of CD34+ CD38− HSCs but did not induce proliferation of these cells in contrast to the CD34+ CD38+ progenitors. CLP sepsis modulated the BM microenvironment by upregulation of Jagged-1 expression on non-hematopoietic cells, and the proliferation of HSCs was Notch-dependent. Conclusions CLP sepsis and endotoxemia induced a similar expansion and proliferation of early HSCs in the BM, while committed progenitors decreased. It is suggestive that the Notch pathway contributed to this effect. Targeting early hematopoiesis may be considered as a viable alternative in the existing arsenal of supportive therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Department of Flow Cytometry, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Czerniakowska 231, 00-416, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kawiak
- Department of Flow Cytometry, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Eugeniusz Machaj
- Department of Cellular Engineering, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, W. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Cellular Engineering, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, W. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Danuta Wasilewska
- Department of Clinical Cytology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymocnka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Czubak
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Konarskiego 13, 05-400, Otwock, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Department of Clinical Cytology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymocnka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
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William BM, An W, Feng D, Nadeau S, Mohapatra BC, Storck MA, Band V, Band H. Fasudil, a clinically safe ROCK inhibitor, decreases disease burden in a Cbl/Cbl-b deficiency-driven murine model of myeloproliferative disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:218-24. [PMID: 26177294 DOI: 10.1179/1607845415y.0000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in Cbl or Cbl-b gene occur in 10% of myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) patients and are associated with poor prognosis. Hematopoietic Cbl/Cbl-b double knockout (DKO) leads to a disease in mice phenotypically similar to human MPDs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-MPD activity of a clinically safe drug, Fasudil, identified in an in vitro kinase inhibitor as an inhibitor of proliferation of DKO mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). METHODS Fasudil exhibited relatively selective anti-proliferative activity against Cbl/Cbl-b DKO vs. control murine bone marrow HSPCs. We established a mouse model with uniform time of MPD onset by transplanting Cbl/Cbl-b DKO HSPCs into busulfan-conditioned NOD/SCID/gamma chain-deficient mice. Four weeks post-transplant, mice were treated with 100 mg/kg fasudil (13 mice) or water (control, 8 mice) daily by oral gavage, followed by blood cell count every 2 weeks. RESULTS By 2 weeks of treatment, total white cell and monocyte counts were significantly lower in mice treated with fasudil. We observed a trend towards improved survival in fasudil-treated mice that did not reach statistical significance. Notably, prolonged survival beyond 27 weeks was observed in two fasudil-treated mice, nearly twice the 16-week average life-span in the Cbl/Cbl-b DKO MPD model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a therapeutic potential for fasudil, a clinically safe drug with promising results in vascular diseases, in the treatment of MPDs or other mutant Cbl-driven myeloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M William
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Wei An
- b Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Dan Feng
- c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Scott Nadeau
- b Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Matthew A Storck
- c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Vimla Band
- b Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,e Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Hamid Band
- b Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,e Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
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Marsden MD, Zack JA. Studies of retroviral infection in humanized mice. Virology 2015; 479-480:297-309. [PMID: 25680625 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many important aspects of human retroviral infections cannot be fully evaluated using only in vitro systems or unmodified animal models. An alternative approach involves the use of humanized mice, which consist of immunodeficient mice that have been transplanted with human cells and/or tissues. Certain humanized mouse models can support robust infection with human retroviruses including different strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV). These models have provided wide-ranging insights into retroviral biology, including detailed information on primary infection, in vivo replication and pathogenesis, latent/persistent reservoir formation, and novel therapeutic interventions. Here we describe the humanized mouse models that are most commonly utilized to study retroviral infections, and outline some of the important discoveries that these models have produced during several decades of intensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Marsden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jerome A Zack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Wilson EM, Bial J, Tarlow B, Bial G, Jensen B, Greiner DL, Brehm MA, Grompe M. Extensive double humanization of both liver and hematopoiesis in FRGN mice. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:404-12. [PMID: 25310256 PMCID: PMC7275629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical research in animals often fails to adequately predict the outcomes observed in human patients. Chimeric animals bearing individual human tissues have been developed to provide improved models of human-specific cellular processes. Mice transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells can be used to study human immune responses, infections of blood cells and processes of hematopoiesis. Animals with humanized livers are useful for modeling hepatotropic infections as well as drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. However, many pathophysiologic processes involve both the liver and the hematolymphoid system. Examples include hepatitis C/HIV co-infection, immune mediated liver diseases, liver injuries with inflammation such as steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. We developed a robust protocol enabling the concurrent double-humanization of mice with mature hepatocytes and human blood. Immune-deficient, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah−/−), Rag2−/− and Il2rg−/− deficient animals on the NOD-strain background (FRGN) were simultaneously co-transplanted with adult human hepatocytes and hematopoietic stem cells after busulfan and Ad:uPA pre-conditioning. Four months after transplantation the average human liver repopulation exceeded 80% and hematopoietic chimerism also was high (40–80% in bone marrow). Importantly, human macrophages (Kupffer cells) were present in the chimeric livers. Double-chimeric FRGN mice will serve as a new model for disease processes that involve interactions between hepatocytes and hematolymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Bial
- Yecuris Corp., Tigard, OR, USA
| | | | - G Bial
- Yecuris Corp., Tigard, OR, USA
| | | | - D L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - M A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Chen SS, Chiorazzi N. Murine genetically engineered and human xenograft models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol 2014; 51:188-205. [PMID: 25048783 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a genetically complex disease, with multiple factors having an impact on onset, progression, and response to therapy. Genetic differences/abnormalities have been found in hematopoietic stem cells from patients, as well as in B lymphocytes of individuals with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis who may develop the disease. Furthermore, after the onset of CLL, additional genetic alterations occur over time, often causing disease worsening and altering patient outcomes. Therefore, being able to genetically engineer mouse models that mimic CLL or at least certain aspects of the disease will help us understand disease mechanisms and improve treatments. This notwithstanding, because neither the genetic aberrations responsible for leukemogenesis and progression nor the promoting factors that support these are likely identical in character or influences for all patients, genetically engineered mouse models will only completely mimic CLL when all of these factors are precisely defined. In addition, multiple genetically engineered models may be required because of the heterogeneity in susceptibility genes among patients that can have an effect on genetic and environmental characteristics influencing disease development and outcome. For these reasons, we review the major murine genetically engineered and human xenograft models in use at the present time, aiming to report the advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Shih Chen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York.
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; Departments of Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York.
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OKT3 prevents xenogeneic GVHD and allows reliable xenograft initiation from unfractionated human hematopoietic tissues. Blood 2014; 123:e134-44. [PMID: 24778156 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-556340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice are now readily engrafted with human hematopoietic cells. However, these mice are susceptible to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) induced by the engraftment and rapid expansion of coinjected human T cells. Therefore, highly purified sample populations must be used, adding significant time, expense, and effort. Here, we have explored in vivo and in vitro methods utilizing anti-T-cell antibodies to circumvent this problem. Intraperitoneal injection of the antibody within 48 hours prevented GVHD. Alternatively, short-term in vitro incubation of cells with antibody immediately before transplant was equally effective. Although in vitro antithymocyte globulin treatment resulted in a dramatic loss of SCID-repopulating cells (SRCs), treatment with OKT3 or UCHT1 abrogated GVHD risk and preserved engraftment potential. Leukemia samples that presented with substantial human T-cell contamination were effectively rescued from GVHD. In addition, OKT3 treatment of unfractionated cord blood resulted in robust engraftment of primary and secondary mice that was indistinguishable from grafts obtained using purified CD34(+) cells. Limiting dilution analysis of unfractionated blood demonstrated a SRC frequency of 1 in 300 to 500 CD34(+) cells, similar to that of purified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This protocol streamlines xenograft studies while significantly reducing the cost and time of the procedure.
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41
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Platelet gene therapy corrects the hemophilic phenotype in immunocompromised hemophilia A mice transplanted with genetically manipulated human cord blood stem cells. Blood 2013; 123:395-403. [PMID: 24269957 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-520478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that platelet FVIII (2bF8) gene therapy can improve hemostasis in hemophilia A mice, even in the presence of inhibitory antibodies, but none of our studies has targeted human cells. Here, we evaluated the feasibility for lentivirus (LV)-mediated human platelet gene therapy of hemophilia A. Human platelet FVIII expression was introduced by 2bF8LV-mediated transduction of human cord blood (hCB) CD34(+) cells followed by xenotransplantation into immunocompromised NSG mice or NSG mice in an FVIII(null) background (NSGF8KO). Platelet FVIII was detected in all recipients that received 2bF8LV-transduced hCB cells as long as human platelet chimerism persisted. All NSGF8KO recipients (n = 7) that received 2bF8LV-transduced hCB cells survived tail clipping if animals had greater than 2% of platelets derived from 2bF8LV-transduced hCB cells, whereas 5 of 7 survived when human platelets were 0.3% to 2%. Whole blood clotting time analysis confirmed that hemostasis was improved in NSGF8KO mice that received 2bF8LV-transduced hCB cells. We demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of 2bF8LV gene delivery to human hematopoietic stem cells to introduce FVIII expression in human platelets and that human platelet-derived FVIII can improve hemostasis in hemophilia A.
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Rongvaux A, Takizawa H, Strowig T, Willinger T, Eynon EE, Flavell RA, Manz MG. Human hemato-lymphoid system mice: current use and future potential for medicine. Annu Rev Immunol 2013; 31:635-674. [PMID: 23330956 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To directly study complex human hemato-lymphoid system physiology and respective system-associated diseases in vivo, human-to-mouse xenotransplantation models for human blood and blood-forming cells and organs have been developed over the past three decades. We here review the fundamental requirements and the remarkable progress made over the past few years in improving these systems, the current major achievements reached by use of these models, and the future challenges to more closely model and study human health and disease and to achieve predictive preclinical testing of both prevention measures and potential new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Rongvaux
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Tim Willinger
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Elizabeth E Eynon
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
| | - Markus G Manz
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Ringpis GEE, Shimizu S, Arokium H, Camba-Colón J, Carroll MV, Cortado R, Xie Y, Kim PY, Sahakyan A, Lowe EL, Narukawa M, Kandarian FN, Burke BP, Symonds GP, An DS, Chen ISY, Kamata M. Engineering HIV-1-resistant T-cells from short-hairpin RNA-expressing hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in humanized BLT mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53492. [PMID: 23300932 PMCID: PMC3534037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Down-regulation of the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 holds significant potential for long-term protection against HIV-1 in patients. Using the humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (hu-BLT) mouse model which allows investigation of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) transplant and immune system reconstitution as well as HIV-1 infection, we previously demonstrated stable inhibition of CCR5 expression in systemic lymphoid tissues via transplantation of HSPCs genetically modified by lentiviral vector transduction to express short hairpin RNA (shRNA). However, CCR5 down-regulation will not be effective against existing CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 and emergence of resistant viral strains. As such, combination approaches targeting additional steps in the virus lifecycle are required. We screened a panel of previously published shRNAs targeting highly conserved regions and identified a potent shRNA targeting the R-region of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). Here, we report that human CD4+ T-cells derived from transplanted HSPC engineered to co-express shRNAs targeting CCR5 and HIV-1 LTR are resistant to CCR5- and CXCR4- tropic HIV-1-mediated depletion in vivo. Transduction with the combination vector suppressed CXCR4- and CCR5- tropic viral replication in cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. No obvious cytotoxicity or interferon response was observed. Transplantation of combination vector-transduced HSPC into hu-BLT mice resulted in efficient engraftment and subsequent stable gene marking and CCR5 down-regulation in human CD4+ T-cells within peripheral blood and systemic lymphoid tissues, including gut-associated lymphoid tissue, a major site of robust viral replication, for over twelve weeks. CXCR4- and CCR5- tropic HIV-1 infection was effectively inhibited in hu-BLT mouse spleen-derived human CD4+ T-cells ex vivo. Furthermore, levels of gene-marked CD4+ T-cells in peripheral blood increased despite systemic infection with either CXCR4- or CCR5- tropic HIV-1 in vivo. These results demonstrate that transplantation of HSPCs engineered with our combination shRNA vector may be a potential therapy against HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene-Errol E Ringpis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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An improved protocol for efficient engraftment in NOD/LTSZ-SCIDIL-2Rγnull mice allows HIV replication and development of anti-HIV immune responses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38491. [PMID: 22675567 PMCID: PMC3366932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells (CB-HPCs) transplanted immunodeficient NOD/LtsZ-scidIL2Rγ(null) (NSG) and NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ(null) (NOG) mice need efficient human cell engraftment for long-term HIV-1 replication studies. Total body irradiation (TBI) is a classical myeloablation regimen used to improve engraftment levels of human cells in these humanized mice. Some recent reports suggest the use of busulfan as a myeloablation regimen to transplant HPCs in neonatal and adult NSG mice. In the present study, we further ameliorated the busulfan myeloablation regimen with fresh CB-CD34+cell transplantation in 3-4 week old NSG mice. In this CB-CD34+transplanted NSG mice engraftment efficiency of human CD45+cell is over 90% in peripheral blood. Optimal engraftment promoted early and increased CD3+T cell levels, with better lymphoid tissue development and prolonged human cell chimerism over 300 days. These humanized NSG mice have shown long-lasting viremia after HIV-1JRCSF and HIV-1Bal inoculation through intravenous and rectal routes. We also saw a gradual decline of the CD4+T cell count, widespread immune activation, up-regulation of inflammation marker and microbial translocation after HIV-1 infection. Humanized NSG mice reconstituted according to our new protocol produced, moderate cellular and humoral immune responses to HIV-1 postinfection. We believe that NSG mice reconstituted according to our easy to use protocol will provide a better in vivo model for HIV-1 replication and anti-HIV-1 therapy trials.
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Drake AC, Chen Q, Chen J. Engineering humanized mice for improved hematopoietic reconstitution. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 9:215-24. [PMID: 22425741 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice are immunodeficient animals engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to various lineages of human blood cells throughout the life of the mouse. This article reviews recent advances in the generation of humanized mice, focusing on practical considerations. We discuss features of different immunodeficient recipient mouse strains, sources of human hematopoietic stem cells, advances in expansion and genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells, and techniques to modulate the cytokine environment of recipient mice, in order to enhance reconstitution of specific human blood lineage cells. We highlight the opportunities created by new technologies and discuss practical considerations on how to make best use of the widening array of basic models for specific research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Drake
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Abstract
Humanized mouse models that have received human cells or tissue transplants are extremely useful in basic and applied human disease research. Highly immunodeficient mice, which do not reject xenografts and support cell and tissue differentiation and growth, are indispensable for generating additional appropriate models. Since the early 2000s, a series of immunodeficient mice appropriate for generating humanized mice has been successively developed by introducing the IL-2Rγ(null) gene (e.g., NOD/SCID/γc(null) and Rag2(null)γc(null) mice). These strains show not only a high rate of human cell engraftment, but also generate well-differentiated multilineage human hematopoietic cells after human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. These humanized mice facilitate the analysis of human hematology and immunology in vivo. However, human hematopoietic cells developed from HSCs are not always phenotypically and functionally identical to those in humans. More recently, a new series of immunodeficient mice compensates for these disadvantages. These mice were generated by genetically introducing human cytokine genes into NOD/SCID/γc(null) and Rag2(null)γc(null) mice. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of human hematopoietic cells developed in these mice. Various human disease mouse models using these humanized mice are summarized.
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Denton PW, García JV. Humanized mouse models of HIV infection. AIDS Rev 2011; 13:135-148. [PMID: 21799532 PMCID: PMC3741405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of the limited tropism of HIV, in vivo modeling of this virus has been almost exclusively limited to other lentiviruses, such as simian immunodeficiency virus, that reproduce many important characteristics of HIV infection. However, there are significant genetic and biological differences among lentiviruses and some HIV-specific interventions are not effective against other lentiviruses in nonhuman hosts. For these reasons, much emphasis has recently been placed on developing alternative animal models that support HIV replication and recapitulate key aspects of HIV infection and pathogenesis in humans. Humanized mice, CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell transplanted immunodeficient mice, and in particular mice also implanted with human thymus/liver tissue (bone marrow liver thymus mice) that develop a functional human immune system, have been the focus of a great deal of attention as possible models to study virtually all aspects of HIV biology and pathogenesis. Humanized mice are systemically reconstituted with human lymphoid cells, offering rapid, reliable, and reproducible experimental systems for HIV research. Peripheral blood of humanized mice can be readily sampled longitudinally to assess reconstitution with human cells and to monitor HIV replication, permitting the evaluation of multiple parameters of HIV infection such as viral load levels, CD4+ T-cell depletion, immune activation, as well as the effects of therapeutic interventions. Of high relevance to HIV transmission is the extensive characterization and validation of the reconstitution with human lymphoid cells of the female reproductive tract and of the gastrointestinal tract of humanized bone marrow liver thymus mice that renders them susceptible to both vaginal and rectal HIV infection. Other important attributes of all types of humanized mice include: (i) their small size and cost that make them widely accessible; (ii) multiple cohorts of humanized mice can be made from multiple human donors and each cohort has identical human cells, permitting control of intragenetic variables; (iii) continuous de novo production of human immune cells from the transplanted CD34+ cells within each humanized mouse facilitates long-term experiments; (iv) both primary and laboratory HIV isolates can be used for experiments; and (v) in addition to therapeutic interventions, rectal and vaginal HIV prevention approaches can be studied. In summary, humanized mice can have an important role in virtually all aspects of HIV research, including the analysis of HIV replication, the evaluation of HIV restriction factors, the characterization of successful biomedical HIV prevention strategies, the evaluation of new treatment regimens, and the evaluation of novel HIV eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Denton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA.
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Human CD34+ CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells cultured with growth factors including Angptl5 efficiently engraft adult NOD-SCID Il2rγ-/- (NSG) mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18382. [PMID: 21559522 PMCID: PMC3084708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing demand for human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in clinical and research applications necessitates expansion of HSCs in vitro. Before these cells can be used they must be carefully evaluated to assess their stem cell activity. Here, we expanded cord blood CD34+ CD133+ cells in a defined medium containing angiopoietin like 5 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and evaluated the cells for stem cell activity in NOD-SCID Il2rg−/− (NSG) mice by multi-lineage engraftment, long term reconstitution, limiting dilution and serial reconstitution. The phenotype of expanded cells was characterized by flow cytometry during the course of expansion and following engraftment in mice. We show that the SCID repopulating activity resides in the CD34+ CD133+ fraction of expanded cells and that CD34+ CD133+ cell number correlates with SCID repopulating activity before and after culture. The expanded cells mediate long-term hematopoiesis and serial reconstitution in NSG mice. Furthermore, they efficiently reconstitute not only neonate but also adult NSG recipients, generating human blood cell populations similar to those reported in mice reconstituted with uncultured human HSCs. These findings suggest an expansion of long term HSCs in our culture and show that expression of CD34 and CD133 serves as a marker for HSC activity in human cord blood cell cultures. The ability to expand human HSCs in vitro should facilitate clinical use of HSCs and large-scale construction of humanized mice from the same donor for research applications.
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Choi B, Chun E, Kim M, Kim ST, Yoon K, Lee KY, Kim SJ. Human B cell development and antibody production in humanized NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ(null) (NSG) mice conditioned by busulfan. J Clin Immunol 2010; 31:253-64. [PMID: 20981478 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Busulfan treatment as a chemotherapeutic agent has been considered an alternative approach in xenograft model because it offers a simple, convenient, effective, and less toxic conditioning regimen. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To investigate busulfan effects on the reconstitution of human immune cells and the generation of immune response to foreign antigens, we generated humanized NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ(null) (NSG) mice conditioned either busulfan or total body irradiation (TBI) with hCD34(+) CB cells. RESULTS Busulfan resulted in a high survival rate and effective reconstitution of human immune cells including B, T, macrophage, and dendritic cells in humanized NSG mice, compared to that of TBI. Moreover, the humanized NSG mice conditioned busulfan showed effective B cell development and thereby the high production of human antibody against immunized antigen. CONCLUSION Humanized mice conditioned by busulfan provide a powerful and versatile tool for studying the entire process of human B-lymphocyte development and for producing specific human antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkum Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
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