1
|
Abo-Samaha MI, Sharaf MM, El Nahas AF, Odemuyiwa SO. Innate immune response to double-stranded RNA in American heritage chicken breeds. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103318. [PMID: 38064884 PMCID: PMC10757028 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Backyard poultry flocks that employ heritage breeds of chicken play a crucial role in the maintenance of poultry pathogens of economic and zoonotic importance. This study examined innate immunity to viral pathogens in heritage chicken breeds using a model of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Following intraperitoneal injection of high molecular weight (HMW) -poly(I:C)/Lyovec into 4-wk-old chicks, we evaluated gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and splenocytes. There was a significant difference across breeds in the expression of IL-4, IL-12p40, IFNγ, and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in the spleen. In PBMCs, a significant difference in IFN-α expression was seen across breeds. Approximately 57% of IFN-α transcripts in PBMCs was explained by levels of expression of MDA5 transcripts. Using flow cytometry, we showed that only monocytes/macrophages (KUL01+ cells) expressed the scavenger receptor CD163. Regression analysis showed that 42% of fold change in CD163 expression on PBMCs was explained by breed (P < 0.0004). In general, breeds that responded to HMW-poly(I:C) by showing higher upregulation of IFNγ, IL-1β, and IL-12p40 transcripts in the spleen, and higher IFNα transcripts in peripheral blood, expressed less CD163 on blood monocytes. These findings suggest a genetic basis for the response of chickens to double-stranded RNA. Surface expression of the scavenger receptor CD163 in PBMCs following injection of high molecular weight poly(I:C) may be a rapid method to select chickens for breeding based on innate immune response to viral dsRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda I Abo-Samaha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088; Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Sharaf
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Solomon O Odemuyiwa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang T, Wang S, Liu Y, Qi X, Gao Y. Advances on adaptive immune responses affected by infectious bursal disease virus in chicken. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1330576. [PMID: 38268928 PMCID: PMC10806451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1330576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly infectious, and immunosuppressive disease caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which interferes with the immune system, causes hypoimmunity and seriously threatens the healthy development of the poultry industry. Adaptive immune response, an important defense line of host resistance to pathogen infection, is the host-specific immune response mainly mediated by T and B lymphocytes. As an important immunosuppressive pathogen in poultry, IBDV infection is closely related to the injury of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we focus on recent advances in adaptive immune response influenced by IBDV infection, especially the damage on immune organs, as well as the effect on humoral immune response and cellular immune response, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of immunosuppression induced by IBDV infection and the establishment of novel prevention and control measures for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Hua D, Qu Q, Cao H, Feng Z, Liu N, Huang J, Zhang L. Oral Immunization with Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expressing Viral Capsid Protein 2 of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Induces Unique Specific Antibodies and Protective Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1849. [PMID: 38140252 PMCID: PMC10747824 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), as a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease, causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an appealing vehicle used in oral vaccine formulations to safely and effectively deliver heterologous antigens. It can elicit systemic and mucosal responses. This study aims to explore the potential as oral an vaccine for S. cerevisiae expressing the capsid protein VP2 of IBDV. We constructed the recombinant S. cerevisiae, demonstrated that VP2 was displayed on the cell surface and had high immunoreactivity. By using the live ST1814G/Aga2-VP2 strain to immunize the mice, the results showed that recombinant S. cerevisiae significantly increased specific IgG and sIgA antibody titers, indicating the potential efficacy of vaccine-induced protection. These results suggested that the VP2 protein-expressing recombinant S. cerevisiae strain was a promising candidate oral subunit vaccine to prevent IBDV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (H.L.); (D.H.); (Q.Q.); (H.C.); (Z.F.); (N.L.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (H.L.); (D.H.); (Q.Q.); (H.C.); (Z.F.); (N.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian Y, Ma X, Jiang Y, Han J, Zhang R, Xu X, Zhang W, Man C. Circular RNA circAKIRIN2 participates in the process of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response to infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in chicken. Vet Microbiol 2023; 281:109746. [PMID: 37075663 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
At present, stress-induced immunosuppression is still a hidden threat that leads to immunization failure and outbreaks of poultry diseases, and causes huge economic losses to the modern poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting viral vaccine immunity are still poorly understood. Here, we identified circAKIRIN2 as a conserved circular transcript in chicken, and explored its expression patterns in different immune states by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), then conducted bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that circAKIRIN2 actively participated in the process of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting the immune response to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine. The key time points for circAKIRIN2 involving in the process were 2 day post immunization (dpi), 5 dpi, and 28 dpi, especially at the acquired immune stage. The important tissues that responded to the process included the heart, liver, and lung, all of which changed significantly. In addition, circAKIRIN2 as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) sponging zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20 (ZBTB20) was a potential molecular mechanism for regulating immune functions in the process. In conclusion, circAKIRIN2 is a key regulatory factor for stress-induced immunosuppression affecting the IBDV vaccine immune response, and this study can provide a new perspective for exploring the molecular regulatory mechanisms of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jianwei Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chaolai Man
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Legnardi M, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Koutoulis K, Cecchinato M. Infectious bursal disease virus in Western Europe: the rise of reassortant strains as the dominant field threat. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:25-35. [PMID: 36178148 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2130172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious birnavirus causing a burdensome immunosuppressive disease in chickens. IBDV features a remarkable antigenic, pathogenic and genetic heterogeneity, with significant implications on disease manifestation, control measures and diagnostic approaches. The recent proposals of comprehensive phylogenetic classification systems offered the ideal platform for large-scale molecular surveys, which are crucial to gather epidemiological data and inform control efforts. In this study, the IBDV scenario was investigated in most of Western Europe by considering the results of diagnostic activities performed internationally throughout 2021. In total, 470 bursal samples from nine different countries were analysed by RT-PCR targeting the VP2. When a field virus was identified, the VP1 was also characterized. Most of the 132 detected field viruses were highly homologous reassortants featuring a very virulent-like VP2 and a classical-like VP1 (genotype A3B1). Despite emerging recently, these reassortants were already signalled in several countries in North-Western Europe and associated with subclinical infections. Here, we report their further spread in the region, where they currently represent the dominant field threat. Two other IBDV types were found, one in Italy, where all the identified viruses clustered in a clade of the A3B1 genotype previously reported only in Russia and the Middle East, and the other in Portugal, where the recently characterized A9B1 genotype was confirmed to circulate. The obtained data suggest the recent occurrence of a major shift in the Western European epidemiological landscape of IBDV, stressing the importance of steady monitoring and sharing of information among different countries and laboratories.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The IBDV scenario in Western Europe seems to have radically changed in recent years.IBDV reassortants were found to be the dominant field type in the region.Local circulation of two other IBDV types was detected in Italy and Portugal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Koutoulis
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nooruzzaman M, Hossain I, Rahman MM, Uddin AJ, Mustari A, Parvin R, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR. Comparative pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease viruses of three different genotypes. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105641. [PMID: 35714848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly immunosuppressive and often fatal viral disease of young chickens. The causal agent IBD virus (IBDV) is an avian Birnavirus having two genome segments that have evolved independently and contributed to the emergence of many genotypes with different pathogenic profile. The present study aimed at genetic and pathogenic characterization of IBDVs from Bangladesh. We performed phylogenetic analysis of 15 IBDV isolates recovered from field outbreaks in chickens during 2020-2021 and compared the pathogenicity of three selected isolates belonging to different genotypes on experimental infection in chickens. Out of 15 isolates, one was the typical vvIBDV of genotype A3B2, 13 were reassortant vvIBDV of genotype A3B3 having very virulent-like segment A and early Australian-like segment B, and the remaining one isolate was a classical virulent IBDV of A1aB1 genotype. A few amino acid substitutions were observed between the genotypes in four putative antigenic sites on VP2. In a comparative pathogenicity study, the typical vvIBDV isolate BD-25(A3B2) appeared to be the most virulent with 100% morbidity and 90% mortality, followed by the segment-reassortant vvIBDV isolate BD-28(A3B3) with 50% morbidity and 30% mortality. However, the gross and histopathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius were similar. The classical virulent isolate BD-26(A1aB1) did not cause any clinical disease. In conclusion, three genotypes of IBDV are co-circulating in poultry of Bangladesh and the typical vvIBDV of A3B2 genotype was more virulent than the reassortant vvIBDV of A3B3 genotype. Further studies are required to assess the country-wide distribution of IBDV of different genotypes and the efficacy of the currently available vaccines in protecting chickens against different genotypes of IBDV in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abm Jalal Uddin
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Mustari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
YANG H, CUI Y, CHEN X, HUANG J, JIANG C, LI J. Effect of mori folium and eucommiae cortex oral solution on immune function of chicken infected with IBDV. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.57121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng YANG
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, China
| | - Yi CUI
- Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xiaolan CHEN
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, China
| | | | - Chunmao JIANG
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taifebagherlu J, Talebi A, Allymehr M. Concurrent occurrence of infectious bursal disease and respiratory complex caused by infectious bronchitis and avian influenza (H9N2) in broilers. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus is considered one of the commonest immunosuppressive diseases in chickens. The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent occurrence of subclinical IBD in respiratory complex infections caused by avian influenza (AI, H9N2) virus and infectious bronchitis (IB) virus in broilers. During this study, 800 tissue samples of the trachea, caecal tonsil, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius and 400 blood samples were collected from 20 respiratory complex infected flocks. Detection of pathogens in the tissue samples was performed by RT-PCR for amplification of the VP2 gene of IBD, HA region of AI, and S1 gene of IB viruses. The amplified products were subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis. Blood samples were also tested for the detection of antibodies against IBV by using ELISA and against AIV via using the HI test. Molecular results showed that the tissue samples were positive for field isolates of subclinical IBD (45%), IB (45%), and AI-H9N2 (25%). Co-infections of IBD and IB (30%), IBD and AI (20%), and IBD, IB, and AI (5%) were also detected. Serological results indicated that subclinical IBD infected flocks had lower (P<0.05) antibody titres against IB and AI. In conclusion, prior exposure of broilers to IBD virus increased the incidence of respiratory complex caused by IBV and AIV in broilers, and vaccination against IBD is inevitable to reduce subclinical IBD to minimise the incidence/severity of respiratory complex diseases via improving immune responses to commonly used vaccines in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Taifebagherlu
- Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - A. Talebi
- Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M. Allymehr
- Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lian J, Wang Z, Xu Z, Pang Y, Leng M, Tang S, Zhang X, Qin J, Chen F, Lin W. Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus in China. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101502. [PMID: 34871986 PMCID: PMC8649399 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) caused an acute and highly contagious infectious disease, resulting in considerable economic losses in the world poultry industry. Although this disease was well-controlled under the widely use of commercial vaccines, the novel variant IBDV strain emerged due to the highly immunized-selection pressure in the field, posting new threats to poultry industry. Here, we reported the epidemic and pathogenicity of IBDV in Hubei Province from May to August 2020. We isolated 12 IBDV strains from the broiler flocks, including 9 novel variants, 2 very virulent strains and 1 medium virulent strain. Interestingly, we identified a series of changes of amino acid sites in the VP2. Further analysis indicated that the novel variant IBDV strains caused damage to bursa of fabricius and spleen, leading to immunosuppression. Our findings underscore the importance of IBDV surveillance, and provide evidence for understanding the evolution of IBDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyi Xu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Mei Leng
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Qin
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China..
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palka APG, Assunção de Matos TR, de Souza C, Eugênio DS, Krieger MA, Fragoso SP, Pavoni DP. Assessing the antigenicity of different VP3 regions of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens from South Brazil. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:259. [PMID: 34330285 PMCID: PMC8325195 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, is a viral infection that causes mortality and immunosuppression in chickens (Gallus gallus). VP2 and VP3 are the major structural viral capsid components and are the most immunogenic proteins of IBD virus (IBDV). Reliable diagnostic tests using VP2 and VP3 produced in heterologous systems are important tools to control this infection. One advantage of an IBD diagnostic based on VP3, over those that use VP2, is that VP3 has linear epitopes, enabling its production in bacteria. Results We tested the suitability of recombinant VP3 (rVP3) as a diagnostic reagent in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with a commercial test, rVP3 ELISA showed high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic tool for vaccinated animals. In addition, rVP3, but not the commercial ELISA, was able to detect antibodies in nonvaccinated chickens, probably developed against circulating IBDV strains. It was possible the assessment of VP3 regions antigenicity using chicken antisera. Conclusions The full-length recombinant VP3 can be used to assess post vaccination immunological status of chickens and its production is feasible and inexpensive. The evaluation of VP3 regions as candidates for general use in the diagnosis of IBD in chickens should be conducted with caution. Our work was the first to identify several regions of VP3 recognized by chicken antibodies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02956-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Gori Palka
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná/Tecpar, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Reichert Assunção de Matos
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudemir de Souza
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Danilo Santos Eugênio
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Krieger
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Stenio Perdigão Fragoso
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Parada Pavoni
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná/UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Instituto Carlos Chagas/ICC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kulappu Arachchige SN, Kanci Condello A, Zhu L, Shil PK, Tivendale KA, Underwood GJ, Noormohammadi AH, Browning GF, Wawegama NK. Effects of immunosuppression on the efficacy of vaccination against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2021; 260:109182. [PMID: 34315003 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression can increase the susceptibility of chickens to other disease-causing pathogens and interfere with the efficacy of vaccination against those pathogens. Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) are common causes of immunosuppression in chickens. Immunosuppression was induced by experimental infection with either CAV or IBDV to assess the effect of immunosuppression on the efficacy of vaccination with Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain ts-304 against infection with virulent M. gallisepticum, a common bacterial pathogen of chickens worldwide. Birds were experimentally infected with either CAV or IBDV at 1 week of age, before vaccination and challenge with M. gallisepticum to examine the effect of immunosuppression at the time of vaccination, or at 6 weeks of age, after vaccination against M. gallisepticum but before challenge with virulent M. gallisepticum, to investigate the effect of immunosuppression at the time of challenge. All birds were vaccinated with a single dose of the ts-304 vaccine at 3 weeks of age and experimentally challenged with the virulent M. gallisepticum strain Ap3AS at 8 weeks of age. In immunosuppressed chickens there was a reduction in protection offered by the ts-304 vaccine at two weeks after challenge, as measured by tracheal mucosal thicknesses, serum antibody levels against M. gallisepticum, air sac lesion scores and virulent M. gallisepticum load in the trachea. Immunosuppressed birds with detectable serum antibodies against M. gallisepticum were less likely to have tracheal lesions. This study has shown that immunosuppression caused by infection with CAV or IBDV can interfere with vaccination against mycoplasmosis in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sathya N Kulappu Arachchige
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Kanci Condello
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pollob K Shil
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly A Tivendale
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory J Underwood
- Bioproperties Proprietary Limited, 36 Charter Street, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Nadeeka K Wawegama
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu AH, Sun L, Tu KH, Teng QY, Xue J, Zhang GZ. Experimental co-infection of variant infectious bursal disease virus and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 increases mortality and reduces immune response in chickens. Vet Res 2021; 52:61. [PMID: 33926543 PMCID: PMC8082832 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) cause infectious bursal disease (IBD) and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome, respectively. Recently, studies have reported co-infections of poultry with IBDV and FAdV-4, which is an important problem in the poultry industry. Here, the variant IBDV strain ZD-2018-1 and FAdV-4 isolate HB1501 were used to assess the pathogenicity of co-infection in 1-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Compared with chickens infected with only FAdV-4, those coinfected with IBDV and FAdV-4 showed enhanced clinical symptoms, higher mortality, more severe tissue lesions, and higher biochemical index levels. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and interferon-γ mRNAs in the IBDV-FAdV-4 coinfected chickens was delayed, and the antibody response levels were significantly lower in those birds compared with the FAdV-4-infected chickens. These results indicate that co-infection with variant IBDV ZD-2018-1 and FAdV-4 HB1501 could significantly promote the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and reduce the immune response in chickens. This study provides the foundation for further investigation of the interaction mechanism in IBDV and FAdV-4 co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai-Hang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Novel Genetic Background of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains Emerging from the Action of Positive Selection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030396. [PMID: 33801413 PMCID: PMC7998436 DOI: 10.3390/v13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The circulation in Europe of novel reassortant strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), containing a unique genetic background composition, represents a serious problem for animal health. Since the emergence of this novel IBDV mosaic was first described in Poland, this scenario has become particularly attractive to uncover the evolutionary forces driving the genetic diversity of IBDV populations. This study additionally addressed the phenotypic characterization of these emergent strains, as well as the main features affecting the viral fitness during the competition process of IBDV lineages in the field. Our results showed how different evolutionary mechanisms modulate the genetic diversity of co-existent IBDV lineages, leading to the error catastrophe effect, Muller ratchet effect, or prevalence, depending on their genetic compositions. We also determined that the action of the positive selection pressure, depending on the genomic segment on which it is acting, can drive two main phenotypes for IBDV: immune-escaping strains from the selection on segment A or strains with functional advantages from the selection on segment B. This last group seems to possess an increased fitness landscape in the viral quasispecies composition, presenting better adaptability to dissimilar environmental conditions and likely becoming the dominant population. The reassortant strains also exhibited a lower mortality rate compared with the well-known vvIBDV strains, which can facilitate their spreading.
Collapse
|
14
|
Thomrongsuwannakij T, Charoenvisal N, Chansiripornchai N. Comparison of two attenuated infectious bursal disease vaccine strains focused on safety and antibody response in commercial broilers. Vet World 2021; 14:70-77. [PMID: 33642788 PMCID: PMC7896881 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.70-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) or Gumboro disease is one of the most detrimental diseases in the poultry industry worldwide. Previous scientific studies have shown that live IBD vaccination might induce transient immunosuppression, leading to suboptimal vaccine responses, and therefore lack of protection against other infectious diseases; therefore, selecting an IBD vaccine in commercial farms is a concern. This study aims to compare two commercially attenuated IBD vaccines (intermediate and intermediate-plus strains) in terms of safety and antibody response to IBD and Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) in commercial broilers. Materials and Methods: Overall, 216 Cobb broiler chickens were divided into three groups based on the IBD vaccine strain administered: V217 strain (Group 1), M.B. strain (Group 2), and an unvaccinated group (Group 3). Groups 1 and 2 were orally vaccinated with Hitchner B1 NDV vaccine strain 7 days after IBD vaccination. Blood samples were collected at IBD vaccination day (15 days of age) and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-IBD vaccination. The immunosuppressive effects of the IBD vaccination were determined by NDV antibody response, the bursa:body weight (B:BW) ratio, and the histopathological lesion scores of the bursa of Fabricius. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the M.B. strain belonged to a very virulent IBD strain, whereas the V217 strain belonged to a classical IBD virus strain. NDV antibody titers of the two vaccinated groups increased after ND vaccination, reaching their maximum at 14 days post-ND vaccination and decreasing thereafter. The V217 group presented the highest NDV humoral response from 7 days post-vaccination (dpv) to the end of the study. The mean NDV antibody titer of the V217 group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the M.B. group at 14 dpv. In addition, the V217 strain-induced lower bursal lesions post-IBD vaccination and a higher B: BW ratio at 7 and 21 dpv compared to the M.B. group. The higher B: BW ratio, lower bursal lesions, and higher ND antibody response present in the V217 group indicate that the V217 strain induces lower immunosuppressive effects compared to the M.B. strain. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that IBD vaccine selection merits consideration, as avoiding the immunosuppressive effects induced by live IBD vaccination and the consequent impact on response to other vaccines is important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataya Charoenvisal
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Niwat Chansiripornchai
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spackman E, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Sitaras I, Stephens CB, Suarez DL. Identification of Efficacious Vaccines Against Contemporary North American H7 Avian Influenza Viruses. Avian Dis 2020; 65:113-121. [PMID: 34339130 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Five vaccines, including four inactivated, whole-virus water-in-oil adjuvanted vaccines and a commercial nonreplicating alphavirus-vectored RNA particle (RP) vaccine were evaluated in chickens for their ability to provide protection against challenge with a recent H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) from the United States (A/turkey/IN/1403-1/2016 H7N8). One of the inactivated vaccines and the RP vaccine were prepared with A/turkey/IN/16-01571-6/2016 H7N8 low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV; TK/IN/16), which is identical to the challenge virus, except for the proteolytic cleavage site of the hemagglutinin protein. The remaining three inactivated vaccines were prepared with other North American H7 LPAIVs. The hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to evaluate the antigenic relationships among the vaccines and selected recent H7 AIV isolates. All five vaccines provided protection against mortality. The inactivated vaccines reduced virus shedding significantly at 2 and 4 days post challenge compared with sham-vaccinated chickens. In contrast, the RP vaccine did not significantly reduce virus shedding. The inactivated vaccine prepared with TK/IN/16 elicited the highest antibody responses, which suggests it is a strong candidate for use as an antigen for North American H7 AIVs. Antigenic distance calculations showed that the four inactivated vaccine strains and other recent North American H7 isolates are antigenically similar, which suggests that the vaccines evaluated here would be similar enough to provide protection to other North American H7 AIVs. If future H7 outbreaks in poultry warrant vaccination, the field strain can be rapidly evaluated with these antigens and, if adequately related, one of these characterized strains may be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Spackman
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605,
| | - Mary J Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Christopher B Stephens
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605
| | - David L Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Novel variant infectious bursal disease virus suppresses Newcastle disease vaccination in broiler and layer chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6542-6548. [PMID: 33248569 PMCID: PMC7704961 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important avian diseases that seriously threaten the poultry industry worldwide. Sometimes vaccination might not effectively reduce ND occurrence in some poultry farms for unclear reasons. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases, and the novel variant IBD virus (IBDV) is threatening chicken farms in China. This study evaluated the influence of the novel variant IBDV (SHG19 strain) on immunization of ND vaccine (LaSota strain) in broiler and layer chickens. In commercial broilers, the hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against LaSota strain were decreased by the prior infection of the novel variant IBDV. Pathological examination revealed that the novel variant IBDV severely damaged the key immune organs of the bursa and spleen, and the B lymphocytes in the bursa were severely destroyed, which was the primary reason involved in the immunosuppression on ND vaccination. Moreover, the novel variant IBDV dramatically reduced the BW of infected broilers by about 16% compared to that of control, which indicated huge economic losses. Furthermore, this study confirmed the immunosuppression induced by the novel variant IBDV in specific pathogen–free layer chickens. In this study, it was discovered that the novel variant IBDV could interfere with ND vaccination in both broilers and layers, which was one important factor involved in immune failure in poultry farms. This study therefore suggests the urgency to control the novel variant IBDV infection for healthy breeding.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dulwich KL, Asfor A, Gray A, Giotis ES, Skinner MA, Broadbent AJ. The Stronger Downregulation of in vitro and in vivo Innate Antiviral Responses by a Very Virulent Strain of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), Compared to a Classical Strain, Is Mediated, in Part, by the VP4 Protein. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:315. [PMID: 32582573 PMCID: PMC7296162 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IBDV is economically important to the poultry industry. Very virulent (vv) strains cause higher mortality rates than other strains for reasons that remain poorly understood. In order to provide more information on IBDV disease outcome, groups of chickens (n = 18) were inoculated with the vv strain, UK661, or the classical strain, F52/70. Birds infected with UK661 had a lower survival rate (50%) compared to F52/70 (80%). There was no difference in peak viral replication in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), but the expression of chicken IFNα, IFNβ, MX1, and IL-8 was significantly lower in the BF of birds infected with UK661 compared to F52/70 (p < 0.05) as quantified by RTqPCR, and this trend was also observed in DT40 cells infected with UK661 or F52/70 (p < 0.05). The induction of expression of type I IFN in DF-1 cells stimulated with polyI:C (measured by an IFN-β luciferase reporter assay) was significantly reduced in cells expressing ectopic VP4 from UK661 (p < 0.05), but was higher in cells expressing ectopic VP4 from F52/70. Cells infected with a chimeric recombinant IBDV carrying the UK661-VP4 gene in the background of PBG98, an attenuated vaccine strain that induces high levels of innate responses (PBG98-VP4UK661) also showed a reduced level of IFNα and IL-8 compared to cells infected with a chimeric virus carrying the F52/70-VP4 gene (PBG98-VP4F52/70) (p < 0.01), and birds infected with PBG98-VP4UK661 also had a reduced expression of IFNα in the BF compared to birds infected with PBG98-VP4F52/70 (p < 0.05). Taken together, these data demonstrate that UK661 induced the expression of lower levels of anti-viral type I IFN and proinflammatory genes than the classical strain in vitro and in vivo and this was, in part, due to strain-dependent differences in the VP4 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Dulwich
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Asfor
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Gray
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathios S. Giotis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Skinner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eladl AH, Mosad SM, El-Shafei RA, Saleh RM, Ali HS, Badawy BM, Elshal MF. Immunostimulant effect of a mixed herbal extract on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccinated chickens in the context of a co-infection model of avian influenza virus H9N2 and IBDV. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 72:101505. [PMID: 32563798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the comparative effects of a mixed herbal extract (MHE) containing Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Emblica officinalis, Tinospora cordifolia, Mangifera indica, and Asphaltum (shilajit) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-vaccinated (VAC) chickens infected with IBDV and avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2. The experiment included three groups (G1-G3): G1, the negative control group; G2, the VAC + challenged (Ch) group; and G3, the VAC + Ch + MHE group. MHE was orally administered continuously for 5 weeks post-vaccination (PV) with IBDV at 12 days of age, and the chicks were simultaneously challenged with virulent IBDV (intraocularly) and AIV H9N2 (intranasally) at 21 days PV. Blood and tissue samples as well as tracheal and cloacal swabs were gathered at different times PV and post-challenge. Immunological and haematological parameters, histopathological lesions, relative organ weights and final live weights revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between G2 and G3 groups. Furthermore, in the G3 group, the protection rates, ELISA and HI titers and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly increased, whereas viral shedding titers and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio were decreased. In conclusion, the oral administration of the mixed herbal extract for 5 weeks can stimulate the immune response to IBDV vaccination and relieves the pathogenicity of an AIV H9N2 and IBDV co-infection in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah H Eladl
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Samah M Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reham A El-Shafei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Ali
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Branch, Egypt
| | - Basma M Badawy
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Elshal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Fan L, Jiang N, Gao L, Li K, Gao Y, Liu C, Cui H, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi X. Naturally occurring cell-adapted classic strain of infectious bursal disease virus. Vet Microbiol 2020; 243:108620. [PMID: 32273006 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), the etiological agent of infectious bursal disease (IBD), is a variable RNA virus of Avibirnavirus. Some artificially attenuated vaccine strains of IBDV can adapt to cell culture of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell or its immortalized cell line DF1 in vitro while wild-type IBDV cannot. In this study, for the first time, a naturally occurring cell-adapted classic strain (genogroup 1) of IBDV named IBD17JL01 was identified in China. Animal experiments showed that IBD17JL01 could severely damage the central immune organ of infected chickens. Sequence analysis of the full-length genome revealed the peculiar molecular characteristics of IBD17JL01 with a few amino acid substitutions that might be involved in cell-tropism, antigenicity, and virulence of IBDV. Identification of this novel strain is beneficial to our understanding of the complexity of the epidemiology of IBDV. And the expansion of viral cell-tropism might increase the potential risk of the reassortment of different IBDVs including the live vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Linjin Fan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu A, Pei Y, Zhang K, Xue J, Ruan S, Zhang G. Phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of a variant infectious bursal disease virus strain isolated in China. Virus Res 2019; 276:197833. [PMID: 31809759 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease is an acute, highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the isolation rates of variant IBDV strains in China; however, the pathogenicity of these variants is unclear. In the current study, we characterized variant IBDV strain ZD-2018-1 and assessed its pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZD-2018-1 belonged to the variant IBDV strain, which showed several unique amino acid mutations compared with other previously-isolated variant IBDV strains. Pathogenicity assays showed that ZD-2018-1 was less virulent than very virulent IBDV strain SD-2013-1, and did not cause an obvious symptoms or death. In comparison, strain SD-2013-1 had a high mortality rate and caused severe lesions in various tissues. However, both of the strains induced obvious pathological lesions on the bursa of Fabricius, resulting in severe immunosuppression in the infected chickens. The results of this study present a systematic evaluation of the genetic characteristics, pathogenicity, and immunosuppressive properties of a new variant IBDV strain, and may help in the development of strategies for the prevention and control of IBDV in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Keran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sifan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Immunomodulatory Potential of Tinospora cordifolia and CpG ODN (TLR21 Agonist) against the Very Virulent, Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in SPF Chicks. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030106. [PMID: 31487960 PMCID: PMC6789546 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is characterized by severe immunosuppression in young chicks of 3 to 6 week age group. Although vaccines are available to prevent IBD, outbreaks of disease are still noticed in the field among vaccinated flocks. Further, the birds surviving IBD become susceptible to secondary infections caused by various viral and bacterial agents. This study assessed the immunoprophylactic potential of Cytosine-guanosinedeoxynucleotide (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and Tinospora cordifolia stem aqueous extract in the specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks, experimentally infected with very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). Both of these agents (CpG ODN and herbal extract) showed significant increase in the IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-1 levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (p < 0.05) of chickens in the treatment groups following IBD infection.Further we found significant reduction in mortality rate in vvIBDV infected chicks treated with either, or in combination, compared with the birds of control group. Additionally, the adjuvant or immune enhancing potential of these two immunomodulatory agents with the commercially available IBDV vaccine was determined in chicks. The augmentation of vaccine response in terms of an enhanced antibody titer after vaccination, along with either or a combination of the two agents was noticed. The findings provide a way forward to counter the menace of IBDV in the poultry sector through use of these herbal or synthetic immunomodulatory supplements.
Collapse
|
22
|
Fan L, Wu T, Hussain A, Gao Y, Zeng X, Wang Y, Gao L, Li K, Wang Y, Liu C, Cui H, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, He H, Wang X, Qi X. Novel variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus isolated in China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:212-220. [PMID: 30827390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases that seriously threaten poultry farming and food safety worldwide. The variant strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been greatly neglected for more than 30 years. Recently, the subclinical infection of suspected IBD, causing considerable economic losses, occurred in the main chicken-farming regions of China. Through RT-PCR, sequencing, and phylogenic analyses, novel variant IBDVs were first identified in six provinces of eastern China. Immunological detection further confirmed the antigenic variation of the Chinese variant IBDVs. The Chinese IBDV variants were obviously different from the American IBDV variants, with less than a 97.7% (VP1) or 98.7% (VP2) amino acid sequence identity. Animal experiments further confirmed the serious threat of the variant IBDVs to chickens, demonstrating irreversible damage to the central immune organ, obvious immunosuppression, and growth retardation. This study not only identified the pandemic nature of the novel variant IBDVs for the first time but also discovered the distinct molecular epidemiological characteristics of these viruses, which will contribute more to the control of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjin Fan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Altaf Hussain
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Animal Influenza Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Ceva China Technical & Marketing Department (Poultry), Beijing 100016, PR China
| | - Hongjiang He
- Ceva China Technical & Marketing Department (Poultry), Beijing 100016, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Phylogenetic analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease viruses according to newly proposed model of classification into geno-groups. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:410-418. [PMID: 30651212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), the disease causes immunosuppression which leads to secondary infections among rearing poultry flocks. Characterization of the virus is important for its control and eradication. The circulating IBDVs are classified on the basis of their antigenic and pathogenic properties. The virus is categorised as classical, variant and very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). IBDV is a non-envelop, icosahedral double stranded virus. Viral protein 2 (VP2) is the major structural protein of capsid that determines the host-pathogen relationship. The aim of this study was to characterise the IBD virus of Pak-Asian region. METHODOLOGY IBDV suspected flocks were examined in Punjab, Pakistan from 2014-2018. Two hundred and fifty samples were collected with complete history of the disease. The suspected samples were collected from broiler, layer and rural poultry farms. RNA was extracted and hyper-variable region of VP2 gene was amplified using specific primers. Nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene was determined and its Amino Acid sequence was deduced. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis was also performed. RESULTS The current classifications based in a hyper-variable region of the capsid protein VP2 (hvVP2), classification of IBDVs is split into newly proposed geno-groups according to Jackwood group. Among these prevailing, some IBDVs are limited geographically whereas, others are reported cosmopolitan. Genetic alterations are continuously playing role in evolution of new strains of the virus. CONCLUSION During this study it was found that isolates of IBDV fall in first three geno-groups. Most of the geno-groups are prevalent around the world, whereas the mutated and re-assorted ones are confined in particular areas of the globe.
Collapse
|