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Hassan MSH, Farooq M, Ali A, Rahimi R, Ranaweera HA, Isham IM, Abdul-Careem MF. Heterologous maternal antibodies derived from infectious bronchitis vaccines prevent the development of lesions associated with false layer syndrome. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 273:110791. [PMID: 38824909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains of the Delmarva (DMV)/1639 genotype have been causing false layer syndrome (FLS) in the Eastern Canadian layer operations since the end of 2015. FLS is characterized by the development of cystic oviducts in layer pullets infected at an early age. Currently, there are no homologous vaccines for the control of this IBV genotype. Our previous research showed that a heterologous vaccination regimen incorporating Massachusetts (Mass) and Connecticut (Conn) IBV types protects layers against DMV/1639 genotype IBV. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of maternal antibodies conferred by breeders received the same vaccination regimen in the protection against the development of DMV/1639-induced FLS in pullets. Maternal antibody-positive (MA+) and maternal antibody-negative (MA-) female progeny chicks were challenged at 1 day of age and kept under observation for 16 weeks. Oviductal cystic formations were observed in 3 of 14 birds (21.4 %) in the MA- pullets, while the lesions were notably absent in the MA+ pullets. Milder histopathological lesions were observed in the examined tissues of the MA+ pullets. However, the maternal derived immunity failed to demonstrate protection against the damage to the tracheal ciliary activity, viral shedding, and viral tissue distribution. Overall, this study underscores the limitations of maternal derived immunity in preventing certain aspects of viral pathogenesis, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies to address different aspects of IBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S H Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Ryan Rahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hiruni A Ranaweera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ishara M Isham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Jude R, da Silva AP, Rejmanek D, Crossley B, Jerry C, Stoute S, Gallardo R. Whole-genome sequence of a genotype VIII infectious bronchitis virus isolated from California layer chickens in 2021. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0095922. [PMID: 37847064 PMCID: PMC10652851 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00959-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the complete genome for an avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated from cecal tonsils of California layers in 2021. This whole-genome sequence belongings to genotype GVIII, previously classified as a unique variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jude
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ana P. da Silva
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel Rejmanek
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Lab, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Beate Crossley
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Lab, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carmen Jerry
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Lab, University of California Davis, Turlock, California, USA
| | - Simone Stoute
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Lab, University of California Davis, Turlock, California, USA
| | - Rodrigo Gallardo
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Ramsubeik S, Stoute S, Gallardo RA, Crossley B, Rejmanek D, Jude R, Jerry C. Infectious Bronchitis Virus California Variant CA1737 Isolated from a Commercial Layer Flock with Cystic Oviducts and Poor External Egg Quality. Avian Dis 2023; 67:212-218. [PMID: 37556302 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
False layer syndrome is a condition in which the reproductive tract of chicks is infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains that cause permanent damage to the oviduct. These chickens subsequently develop cystic oviducts and do not lay eggs, and affected flocks fail to reach expected egg production peaks. The California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory, Turlock Branch, received four separate case submissions from a 25-to-28-wk-old commercial ISA Brown layer flock. Birds were submitted for diagnostic evaluation due to suboptimal egg production and vent pecking. Submissions totaled 31 birds and consisted of live layers, recent mortality, and a flat of eggs. No clinical signs were observed in the submitted live birds. The most common gross findings included cystic left oviducts, signs of vent pecking, ovarian regression, and yolk coelomitis. The eggs were abnormally shaped with irregular, white, gritty deposits on the surface of the shell. Microscopically, there was atrophy of the oviducts, glandular hypoplasia, and lymphocytic salpingitis. In addition, lymphoplasmacytic tracheitis was observed, and renal tubules were dilated with multifocal areas of mineralization. IBV was identified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR from cecal tonsil tissue pools and tracheal swab pools. Sequencing of the S1 hypervariable region of IBV and whole-genome IBV sequencing were 97% homologous to the California variant CA1737/04. Definitive proof of the CA1737 strain's causing reproductive abnormalities will require challenge studies with fulfillment of Koch's postulates and evaluation of confounding and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne Ramsubeik
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Simone Stoute
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Rodrigo A Gallardo
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Beate Crossley
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Daniel Rejmanek
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Rachel Jude
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Carmen Jerry
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, Turlock, CA 95380,
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da Silva AP, Jude R, Gallardo RA. Infectious Bronchitis Virus: A Comprehensive Multilocus Genomic Analysis to Compare DMV/1639 and QX Strains. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091998. [PMID: 36146804 PMCID: PMC9506221 DOI: 10.3390/v14091998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly variable RNA virus that affects chickens worldwide. Due to its inherited tendency to suffer point mutations and recombination events during viral replication, emergent IBV strains have been linked to nephropathogenic and reproductive disease that are more severe than typical respiratory disease, leading, in some cases, to mortality, severe production losses, and/or unsuccessful vaccination. QX and DMV/1639 strains are examples of the above-mentioned IBV evolutionary pathway and clinical outcome. In this study, our purpose was to systematically compare whole genomes of QX and DMV strains looking at each IBV gene individually. Phylogenetic analyses and amino acid site searches were performed in datasets obtained from GenBank accounting for all IBV genes and using our own relevant sequences as a basis. The QX dataset studied is more genetically diverse than the DMV dataset, partially due to the greater epidemiological diversity within the five QX strains used as a basis compared to the four DMV strains from our study. Historically, QX strains have emerged and spread earlier than DMV strains in Europe and Asia. Consequently, there are more QX sequences deposited in GenBank than DMV strains, assisting in the identification of a larger pool of QX strains. It is likely that a similar evolutionary pattern will be observed among DMV strains as they develop and spread in North America.
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Gallardo RA, da Silva AP, Gilbert R, Alfonso M, Conley A, Jones K, Stayer PA, Hoerr FJ. Testicular Atrophy and Epididymitis-Orchitis Associated with Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Broiler Breeder Roosters. Avian Dis 2022; 66:112-118. [DOI: 10.1637/21-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Gallardo
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, 4008 VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ana P. da Silva
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, 4008 VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Robin Gilbert
- Sanderson Farms, Inc., 127 Flynt Road, Laurel, MS 39443
| | | | - Alan Conley
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, 4008 VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Kelli Jones
- Ceva Animal Health, 8906 Rosehill Road, Lenexa, KS 66215
| | | | - Frederic J. Hoerr
- Veterinary Diagnostic Pathology, LLC, 638 South Fort Valley Road, Fort Valley, VA 22652
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Hoerr FJ. The Pathology of Infectious Bronchitis. Avian Dis 2021; 65:600-611. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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