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Waniek PJ, Araújo CAC, Jansen AM, Costa J. First genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi from naturally infected Triatoma juazeirensis, Triatoma melanica and Triatoma sherlocki from Bahia State, Brazil. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:134-140. [PMID: 32648329 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many previous studies have shown a great phylogenetic and biological variability of Trypanosoma cruzi using different molecular and biochemical methods. Populations of T. cruzi were initially clustered into two main lineages called TcI and TcII by the size of the mini-exon PCR product. In the present study, 33 isolates derived from three triatomine taxa, which belong to the Triatoma brasiliensis species complex (Triatoma juazeirensis, Triatoma melanica and Triatoma sherlocki); collected in three distinct areas of Bahia state were characterized by PCR. The isolates were identified by the size of the mini-exon gene, 18S rRNA and 24Sα rRNA amplicons. T. cruzi isolates obtained in sylvatic and intradomiciliar ecotopes, derived from T. juazeirensis and T. melanica, were identified as TcI while the parasites originated from T. sherlocki were characterized as TcI and TcII genotypes, respectively. Those species are present in sylvatic ecotopes but are able to infest intradomiciliar areas. Therefore, it would be important to maintain studies in those localities of Bahia and further investigate the possibilities of Chagas disease transmission. Human disease may occur by any T. cruzi genotype and not only by TcII as it is the case in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Waniek
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C A C Araújo
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A M Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Araújo CAC, Pacheco JPF, Waniek PJ, Geraldo RB, Sibajev A, Dos Santos AL, Evangelho VGO, Dyson PJ, Azambuja P, Ratcliffe NA, Castro HC, Mello CB. A rhamnose-binding lectin from Rhodnius prolixus and the impact of its silencing on gut bacterial microbiota and Trypanosoma cruzi. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103823. [PMID: 32800901 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are ubiquitous proteins involved in the immune defenses of different organisms and mainly responsible for non-self-recognition and agglutination reactions. This work describes molecular and biological characterization of a rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) from Rhodnius prolixus, which possesses a 21 amino acid signal peptide and a mature protein of 34.6 kDa. The in-silico analysis of the primary and secondary structures of RpLec revealed a lectin domain fully conserved among previous insects studied. The three-dimensional homology model of RpLec was similar to other RBL-lectins. Docking predictions with the monosaccharides showed rhamnose and galactose-binding sites comparable to Latrophilin-1 and N-Acetylgalactosamine-binding in a different site. The effects of RpLec gene silencing on levels of infecting Trypanosoma cruzi Dm 28c and intestinal bacterial populations in the R. prolixus midgut were studied by injecting RpLec dsRNA into the R. prolixus hemocoel. Whereas T. cruzi numbers remained unchanged compared with the controls, numbers of bacteria increased significantly. The silencing also induced the up regulation of the R. prolixus defC (defensin) expression gene. These results with RpLec reveal the potential importance of this little studied molecule in the insect vector immune response and homeostasis of the gut bacterial microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A C Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - J P F Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - P J Waniek
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - R B Geraldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - A Sibajev
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Av. Cap. Enê Garcez 2413, Boa Vista, RR, CEP 69400-000, Brazil
| | - A L Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - V G O Evangelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - P J Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - P Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA28PP, UK
| | - H C Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil.
| | - C B Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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de Araújo CAC, Mayer C, Waniek PJ, Azambuja P, Jansen AM. Differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi I (TcI) and T. cruzi II (TcII) genotypes using genes encoding serine carboxypeptidases. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4211-4219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Vieira CS, Waniek PJ, Castro DP, Mattos DP, Moreira OC, Azambuja P. Impact of Trypanosoma cruzi on antimicrobial peptide gene expression and activity in the fat body and midgut of Rhodnius prolixus. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:119. [PMID: 26931761 PMCID: PMC4774030 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhodnius prolixus is a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease in Latin America. In natural habitats, these insects are in contact with a variety of bacteria, fungi, virus and parasites that they acquire from both their environments and the blood of their hosts. Microorganism ingestion may trigger the synthesis of humoral immune factors, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The objective of this study was to compare the expression levels of AMPs (defensins and prolixicin) in the different midgut compartments and the fat body of R. prolixus infected with different T. cruzi strains. The T. cruzi Dm 28c clone (TcI) successfully develops whereas Y strain (TcII) does not complete its life- cycle in R. prolixus. The relative AMP gene expressions were evaluated in the insect midgut and fat body infected on different days with the T. cruzi Dm 28c clone and the Y strain. The influence of the antibacterial activity on the intestinal microbiota was taken into account. Methods The presence of T. cruzi in the midgut of R. prolixus was analysed by optical microscope. The relative expression of the antimicrobial peptides encoding genes defensin (defA, defB, defC) and prolixicin (prol) was quantified by RT-qPCR. The antimicrobial activity of the AMPs against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens were evaluated in vitro using turbidimetric tests with haemolymph, anterior and posterior midgut samples. Midgut bacteria were quantified using colony forming unit (CFU) assays and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Our results showed that the infection of R. prolixus by the two different T. cruzi strains exhibited different temporal AMP induction profiles in the anterior and posterior midgut. Insects infected with T. cruzi Dm 28c exhibited an increase in defC and prol transcripts and a simultaneous reduction in the midgut cultivable bacteria population, Serratia marcescens and Rhodococcus rhodnii. In contrast, the T. cruzi Y strain neither induced AMP gene expression in the gut nor reduced the number of colony formation units in the anterior midgut. Beside the induction of a local immune response in the midgut after feeding R. prolixus with T. cruzi, a simultaneous systemic response was also detected in the fat body. Conclusions R. prolixus AMP gene expressions and the cultivable midgut bacterial microbiota were modulated in distinct patterns, which depend on the T. cruzi genotype used for infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1398-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - P J Waniek
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - D P Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - D P Mattos
- Laboratório deBiologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - O C Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - P Azambuja
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Pineda MA, Corvo L, Soto M, Fresno M, Bonay P. Interactions of human galectins with Trypanosoma cruzi: Binding profile correlate with genetic clustering of lineages. Glycobiology 2014; 25:197-210. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Bittencourt-Cunha PR, Silva-Cardoso L, Oliveira GAD, Silva JRD, Silveira ABD, Kluck GEG, Souza-Lima M, Gondim KC, Dansa-Petretsky M, Silva CP, Masuda H, Silva Neto MACD, Atella GC. Perimicrovillar membrane assembly: the fate of phospholipids synthesised by the midgut of Rhodnius prolixus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:494-500. [PMID: 23827998 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-0276108042013016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the fate of fatty acids that are incorporated from the lumen by the posterior midgut epithelium of Rhodnius prolixus and the biosynthesis of lipids. We also demonstrate that neutral lipids (NL) are transferred to the haemolymphatic lipophorin (Lp) and that phospholipids remain in the tissue in which they are organised into perimicrovillar membranes (PMMs). 3H-palmitic acid added at the luminal side of isolated midguts of R. prolixus females was readily absorbed and was used to synthesise phospholipids (80%) and NL (20%). The highest incorporation of 3H-palmitic acid was on the first day after a blood meal. The amounts of diacylglycerol (DG) and triacylglycerol synthesised by the tissue decreased in the presence of Lp in the incubation medium. The metabolic fates of 3H-lipids synthesised by the posterior midgut were followed and it was observed that DG was the major lipid released to Lp particles. However, the majority of phospholipids were not transferred to Lp, but remained in the tissue. The phospholipids that were synthesised and accumulated in the posterior midgut were found to be associated with Rhodnius luminal contents as structural components of PMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rêgo Bittencourt-Cunha
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Araújo CAC, Waniek PJ, Jansen AM. TcI/TcII co-infection can enhance Trypanosoma cruzi growth in Rhodnius prolixus. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:94. [PMID: 24593987 PMCID: PMC4015778 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhodnius prolixus is an obligate haematophagous insect and one of the most important vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease in the Americas. T. cruzi is a highly variable parasite which is not transmitted in the same efficiency by the different triatomine vectors. Because different T. cruzi genotypes are aetiopathologically divergent, further elucidation of the transmission abilities of different Chagas disease vectors is extremely important. Findings In the present study, the growth behaviour of two T. cruzi isolates, MDID/BR/1993/C45 (TcI) and TBRA/BR/1999/JCA3 (TcII), sharing the same microhabitat (intestinal tract) in single and mixed infections, was examined. The distribution patterns and parasite population densities were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days after feeding (daf) by quantification of parasites using Neubauer haemocytometric measurements and mini-exon PCR to identify TcI and TcII subpopulations. Parasitic colonization in the small intestine was more successful in the mixed infection model than the single infection models at 21 daf. In the rectal lumen and wall, the growth behaviour of the mixed infection was similar to that of the TcI group, although the total parasite number was lower. In the TcII group, no metacyclic trypomastigote forms were found. PCR analysis of the contents of each dissected region showed different genotype fractions in the mixed infection model, in which TcI seemed to be the predominant isolate. Conclusion The different growth behaviour of the TcI and TcII isolates in single and mixed infection models demonstrated that possibly an intraspecific factor modulates parasitic development in the intestine of R. prolixus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A C Araújo
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av, Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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The influence of natural rubber/Au nanoparticle membranes on the physiology of Leishmania brasiliensis. Exp Parasitol 2012; 130:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gomes SA, Vieira CS, Almeida DB, Santos-Mallet JR, Menna-Barreto RFS, Cesar CL, Feder D. CdTe and CdSe quantum dots cytotoxicity: a comparative study on microorganisms. SENSORS 2011; 11:11664-78. [PMID: 22247686 PMCID: PMC3252003 DOI: 10.3390/s111211664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals of a few nanometers in diameter, being their size and shape controlled during the synthesis. They are synthesized from atoms of group II–VI or III–V of the periodic table, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) or cadmium selenium (CdSe) forming nanoparticles with fluorescent characteristics superior to current fluorophores. The excellent optical characteristics of quantum dots make them applied widely in the field of life sciences. Cellular uptake of QDs, location and translocation as well as any biological consequence, such as cytotoxicity, stimulated a lot of scientific research in this area. Several studies pointed to the cytotoxic effect against micoorganisms. In this mini-review, we overviewed the synthesis and optical properties of QDs, and its advantages and bioapplications in the studies about microorganisms such as protozoa, bacteria, fungi and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzete A.O. Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, GBG, Universidade Federal Fluminense—UFF, Niterói, RJ, CEP: 24210-130, Brazil; E-Mail: (S.A.O.G.)
| | - Cecilia Stahl Vieira
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Setor de Entomologia Médica e Forense, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21040-360, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.S.V.); (J.R.S.-M.)
| | - Diogo B. Almeida
- Laboratório de Aplicações Biomédicas de Lasers, Departamento de Eletrônica Quântica, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.B.A.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Jacenir R. Santos-Mallet
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Setor de Entomologia Médica e Forense, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21040-360, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.S.V.); (J.R.S.-M.)
| | - Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21040-360, Brazil; E-Mail: (R.F.S.M.-B.)
| | - Carlos L. Cesar
- Laboratório de Aplicações Biomédicas de Lasers, Departamento de Eletrônica Quântica, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.B.A.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Denise Feder
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, GBG, Universidade Federal Fluminense—UFF, Niterói, RJ, CEP: 24210-130, Brazil; E-Mail: (S.A.O.G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-21-2629-2285
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The ecology of the Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle: Dispersion of zymodeme 3 (Z3) in wild hosts from Brazilian biomes. Vet Parasitol 2009; 165:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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In vitro and in vivo documentation of quantum dots labeled Trypanosoma cruzi–Rhodnius prolixus interaction using confocal microscopy. Parasitol Res 2009; 106:85-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Araújo CA, Waniek PJ, Jansen AM. An Overview of Chagas Disease and the Role of Triatomines on Its Distribution in Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2009; 9:227-34. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A.C. Araújo
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter J. Waniek
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Araújo CAC, Waniek PJ, Jansen AM. Development of a Trypanosoma cruzi (TcI) isolate in the digestive tract of an unfamiliar vector, Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). Acta Trop 2008; 107:195-9. [PMID: 18579102 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma brasiliensis is an important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, commonly found in semi-arid areas of north-eastern Brazil. T. cruzi (TcI) is a widely distributed genotype in all biomes of Brazil. To evaluate selective pressures exerted by a vector species on the development of TcI derived from a different biome (Atlantic Rainforest), T. brasiliensis larvae were infected with the MDID/BR/1994/C48 isolate. Parasite densities of T. cruzi were determined in three regions of the gut at 3, 5 and 10 days after feeding. Percentages of the different stages of the flagellate were identified in Giemsa stained smears. The TcI isolate possessed always significantly higher densities in the rectum than in the small intestine. Epimastigotes reached their highest percentage at 3 days after feeding in the small intestine and trypomastigotes at 10 days after feeding in the rectal wall. Additionally, high metacyclogenesis rates in the T. brasiliensis gut showed competence of this TcI strain to complete its life cycle in this unfamiliar vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A C Araújo
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Araújo CAC, Cabello PH, Jansen AM. Growth behaviour of two Trypanosoma cruzi strains in single and mixed infections: In vitro and in the intestinal tract of the blood-sucking bug, Triatoma brasiliensis. Acta Trop 2007; 101:225-31. [PMID: 17374352 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Competition and cooperation are well-recognized biological phenomena, even among parasites. Co-infection of parasites in a single host leads to several outcomes, one being competition for a limited resource. Here, the behaviour of mixed infection was evaluated using two isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi, previously typed as belonging to genotypes TcI and TcII. The growth in vitro and in the different compartments of the gut of Triatoma brasiliensis was studied. In vitro growth showed that MDID/BR/1999/M1 (TcI) has a doubling time of 19.5h and MIDID/BR/1999/JCPD4 (TcII) of 9.6h, while the mixed infection group presented a doubling time of 13.9h. In vivo, three groups of infection were done: M1/TcI, JCPD4/TcII and mixed infection (50% of each strain), respectively. All comparisons among the groups were done using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The data showed that the in vitro culture of mixed populations has a similar pattern to the growth of M1/TcI, apparently suggesting a positively selection for M1/TcI strain, in axenic culture. In the gut of the insects, M1/TcI isolate and mixed infections colonized predominantly the rectal wall and rectal lumen, in contrast to the JCPD4/TcII isolate, which was found mainly colonizing the small intestine. According to the isolates investigated, it could be concluded that the doubling time was not determinant factor for the final composition of a co-infection. Moreover, mixed infections resulted in a homogenous distribution of the parasites, comparing to the isolates studied separately. Apparently, in the gut of the bugs, the simultaneous presence of JCPD4/TcII isolate resulted in an improvement of the number of parasites from M1/TcI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A C Araújo
- Departamento de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Alves CR, Albuquerque-Cunha JM, Mello CB, Garcia ES, Nogueira NF, Bourguingnon SC, de Souza W, Azambuja P, Gonzalez MS. Trypanosoma cruzi: attachment to perimicrovillar membrane glycoproteins of Rhodnius prolixus. Exp Parasitol 2007; 116:44-52. [PMID: 17250827 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies were carried out to identify proteins involved in the interface of Trypanosoma cruzi with the perimicrovillar membranes (PMM) of Rhodnius prolixus. Video microscopy experiments demonstrated high level of adhesion of T. cruzi Dm 28c epimastigotes to the surface of posterior midgut cells of non-treated R. prolixus. The parasites however were unable to attach to gut cells obtained from decapitated or azadirachtin-treated insects. The influence of carbohydrates on the adhesion to insect midgut was confirmed by inhibition of parasite attachment after midgut incubation with N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylmannosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, D-galactose, D-mannose or sialic acid. We observed that hydrophobic proteins in the surface of epimastigotes bind to polypeptides with 47.7, 45.5, 44, 43, 40.5, 36, 31 and 13kDa from R. prolixus PMM and that pre-incubation of lectins specifically inhibited binding to 31, 40.5, 44 and 45.5kDa proteins. We suggest that glycoproteins from PMM and hydrophobic proteins from epimastigotes are important for the adhesion of the parasite to the posterior midgut cells of the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Bourguignon SC, Mello CB, Santos DO, Gonzalez MS, Souto-Padron T. Biological aspects of the Trypanosoma cruzi (Dm28c clone) intermediate form, between epimastigote and trypomastigote, obtained in modified liver infusion tryptose (LIT) medium. Acta Trop 2006; 98:103-9. [PMID: 16574051 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe some biological characteristics of the Trypanosoma cruzi intermediate form derived from the transformation of epimastigotes to trypomastigotes obtained from cultivation in modified liver infusion tryptose (LIT) medium. The ultrastructural analysis of the intermediate forms in this medium showed the enlargement of the kinetoplast located adjacent to the flagellate nucleus. Some biological characteristics of the intermediate form are similar to trypomastigotes and others to epimastigotes. Despite displaying a similar trypomastigote surface charge, the intermediate forms, like the epimastigotes, are not resistant to complement-mediated lysis. Moreover, the intermediate forms are unable to infect cultured fibroblasts cells but develop limited infections in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo C Bourguignon
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 24020-150 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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17
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Herrera L, D'Andrea PS, Xavier SCC, Mangia RH, Fernandes O, Jansen AM. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in wild mammals of the National Park ‘Serra da Capivara’ and its surroundings (Piauí, Brazil), an area endemic for Chagas disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005; 99:379-88. [PMID: 15780345 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Revised: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among eight species of wild small mammals (n=289) in an area where human cases of infection/disease have occurred. Dogs (n=52) and goats (n=56) were also surveyed. The study was carried out inside a biological reserve, the National Park 'Serra da Capivara' and its surroundings in Piaui State, Brazil. The marsupial Didelphis albiventris and the caviomorph rodent Trichomys apereoides were found to be the most important reservoirs in the study area. Trichomys apereoides was the most abundant species (80%) and D. albiventris the most frequently infected (61%). Both T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II genotypes were isolated from these species. One specimen of Tr. apereoides displayed a mixed T. cruzi I/zymodeme 3 infection. Serum prevalence among dogs suggests that they may be involved in the maintenance of the parasite in the peridomestic environment, in contrast to goats, which are not apparently of any epidemiological importance. The distinct distribution and patterns of infection observed in the study areas suggest that even in the same biome, epidemiological studies or determination of control measures must take into account ecological peculiarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Herrera
- Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Department of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil
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18
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Herrera L, Das Chagas Xavier S, Viegas C, Martinez C, Cotias PM, Carrasco H, Urdaneta-Morales S, Jansen AM. Trypanosoma cruzi in a caviomorph rodent: parasitological and pathological features of the experimental infection of Trichomys apereoides (Rodentia, Echimyidae). Exp Parasitol 2004; 107:78-88. [PMID: 15208041 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To understand the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with caviomorph rodents, which supposedly have an ancient co-evolutionary history with this parasite, experimental infection of laboratory reared Trichomys apereoides with several isolates of both genotypes of the parasite was studied. Parasitemia, pattern of hematic cells, specific humoral immune response, histopathological features and parasite clearance were appraised. T. apereoides maintained stable infections independent of the T. cruzi genotype as demonstrated by positive PCR results in analyses of several tissues after a 5 months follow-up. The acute phase was characterized by abundant and disseminated presence of amastigotes, vacuolization and/or myocytolysis. Lymphocytosis was a common feature. The chronic phase was characterized mainly by lymphomacroeosinophilic infiltrates independent of the inoculated T. cruzi isolate. T. cruzi of different genotypes did not show any tissular preference in T. apereoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidi Herrera
- Laboratory of Tripanosomatid Biology, Department of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil
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19
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Sturm NR, Vargas NS, Westenberger SJ, Zingales B, Campbell DA. Evidence for multiple hybrid groups in Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Parasitol 2003; 33:269-79. [PMID: 12670512 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A role for parasite genetic variability in the spectrum of Chagas disease is emerging but not yet evident, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the population structure of Trypanosoma cruzi. To investigate further the observed genotypic variation at the sequence and chromosomal levels in strains of standard and field-isolated T. cruzi we have undertaken a comparative analysis of 10 regions of the genome from two isolates representing T. cruzi I (Dm28c and Silvio X10) and two from T. cruzi II (CL Brener and Esmeraldo). Amplified regions contained intergenic (non-coding) sequences from tandemly repeated genes. Multiple nucleotide polymorphisms correlated with the T. cruzi I/T. cruzi II classification. Two intergenic regions had useful polymorphisms for the design of classification probes to test on genomic DNA from other known isolates. Two adjacent nucleotide polymorphisms in HSP 60 correlated with the T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II distinction. 1F8 nucleotide polymorphisms revealed multiple subdivisions of T. cruzi II: subgroups IIa and IIc displayed the T. cruzi I pattern; subgroups IId and IIe possessed both the I and II patterns. Furthermore, isolates from subgroups IId and IIe contained the 1F8 polymorphic markers on different chromosome bands supporting a genetic exchange event that resulted in chromosomes V and IX of T. cruzi strain CL Brener. Based on these analyses, T. cruzi I and subgroup IIb appear to be pure lines, while subgroups IIa/IIc and IId/IIe are hybrid lines. These data demonstrate for the first time that IIa/IIc are hybrid, consistent with the hypothesis that genetic recombination has occurred more than once within the T. cruzi lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Sturm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1489, USA
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