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Jones KL, Zhou M, Jhaveri DJ. Dissecting the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis towards resilience versus susceptibility to stress-related mood disorders. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2022; 7:16. [PMID: 35842419 PMCID: PMC9288448 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-022-00133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the developmental process of generating and integrating new neurons in the hippocampus during adulthood and is a unique form of structural plasticity with enormous potential to modulate neural circuit function and behaviour. Dysregulation of this process is strongly linked to stress-related neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression, and efforts have focused on unravelling the contribution of adult-born neurons in regulating stress response and recovery. Chronic stress has been shown to impair this process, whereas treatment with clinical antidepressants was found to enhance the production of new neurons in the hippocampus. However, the precise role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mediating the behavioural response to chronic stress is not clear and whether these adult-born neurons buffer or increase susceptibility to stress-induced mood-related maladaptation remains one of the controversial issues. In this review, we appraise evidence probing the causal role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the regulation of emotional behaviour in rodents. We find that the relationship between adult-born hippocampal neurons and stress-related mood disorders is not linear, and that simple subtraction or addition of these neurons alone is not sufficient to lead to anxiety/depression or have antidepressant-like effects. We propose that future studies examining how stress affects unique properties of adult-born neurons, such as the excitability and the pattern of connectivity during their critical period of maturation will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which these neurons contribute to functional outcomes in stress-related mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Jones
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mei Zhou
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Dhanisha J Jhaveri
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Development and Validation of Arc Nanobodies: New Tools for Probing Arc Dynamics and Function. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2656-2666. [PMID: 35307777 PMCID: PMC9463278 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein plays key roles in long-term synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognitive flexibility. However, an integral understanding of Arc mechanisms is lacking. Arc is proposed to function as an interaction hub in neuronal dendrites and the nucleus, yet Arc can also form retrovirus-like capsids with proposed roles in intercellular communication. Here, we sought to develop anti-Arc nanobodies (ArcNbs) as new tools for probing Arc dynamics and function. Six ArcNbs representing different clonal lines were selected from immunized alpaca. Immunoblotting with recombinant ArcNbs fused to a small ALFA-epitope tag demonstrated binding to recombinant Arc as well as endogenous Arc from rat cortical tissue. ALFA-tagged ArcNb also provided efficient immunoprecipitation of stimulus-induced Arc after carbachol-treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and induction of long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Epitope mapping showed that all Nbs recognize the Arc C-terminal region containing the retroviral Gag capsid homology domain, comprised of tandem N- and C-lobes. ArcNbs E5 and H11 selectively bound the N-lobe, which harbors a peptide ligand binding pocket specific to mammals. Four additional ArcNbs bound the region containing the C-lobe and C-terminal tail. For use as genetically encoded fluorescent intrabodies, we show that ArcNbs fused to mScarlet-I are uniformly expressed, without aggregation, in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HEK293FT cells. Finally, mScarlet-I-ArcNb H11 expressed as intrabody selectively bound the N-lobe and enabled co-immunoprecipitation of full-length intracellular Arc. ArcNbs are versatile tools for live-cell labeling and purification of Arc, and interrogation of Arc capsid domain specific functions.
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Bartley AF, Fischer M, Bagley ME, Barnes JA, Burdette MK, Cannon KE, Bolding MS, Foulger SH, McMahon LL, Weick JP, Dobrunz LE. Feasibility of cerium-doped LSO particles as a scintillator for x-ray induced optogenetics. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:10.1088/1741-2552/abef89. [PMID: 33730704 PMCID: PMC8656171 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abef89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Non-invasive light delivery into the brain is needed forin vivooptogenetics to avoid physical damage. An innovative strategy could employ x-ray activation of radioluminescent particles (RLPs) to emit localized light. However, modulation of neuronal or synaptic function by x-ray induced radioluminescence from RLPs has not yet been demonstrated.Approach.Molecular and electrophysiological approaches were used to determine if x-ray dependent radioluminescence emitted from RLPs can activate light sensitive proteins. RLPs composed of cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO:Ce), an inorganic scintillator that emits blue light, were used as they are biocompatible with neuronal function and synaptic transmission.Main results.We show that 30 min of x-ray exposure at a rate of 0.042 Gy s-1caused no change in the strength of basal glutamatergic transmission during extracellular field recordings in mouse hippocampal slices. Additionally, long-term potentiation, a robust measure of synaptic integrity, was induced after x-ray exposure and expressed at a magnitude not different from control conditions (absence of x-rays). We found that x-ray stimulation of RLPs elevated cAMP levels in HEK293T cells expressing OptoXR, a chimeric opsin receptor that combines the extracellular light-sensitive domain of rhodopsin with an intracellular second messenger signaling cascade. This demonstrates that x-ray radioluminescence from LSO:Ce particles can activate OptoXR. Next, we tested whether x-ray activation of the RLPs can enhance synaptic activity in whole-cell recordings from hippocampal neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2, both in cell culture and acute hippocampal slices. Importantly, x-ray radioluminescence caused an increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in both systems, indicating activation of channelrhodopsin-2 and excitation of neurons.Significance.Together, our results show that x-ray activation of LSO:Ce particles can heighten cellular and synaptic function. The combination of LSO:Ce inorganic scintillators and x-rays is therefore a viable method for optogenetics as an alternative to more invasive light delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aundrea F Bartley
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Máté Fischer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Micah E Bagley
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Justin A Barnes
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mary K Burdette
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States of America
| | - Kelli E Cannon
- Department of Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mark S Bolding
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Stephen H Foulger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States of America
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Lori L McMahon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jason P Weick
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Lynn E Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Hibernation as a Tool for Radiation Protection in Space Exploration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010054. [PMID: 33466717 PMCID: PMC7828799 DOI: 10.3390/life11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With new and advanced technology, human exploration has reached outside of the Earth's boundaries. There are plans for reaching Mars and the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, and even to build a permanent base on the Moon. However, human beings have evolved on Earth with levels of gravity and radiation that are very different from those that we have to face in space. These issues seem to pose a significant limitation on exploration. Although there are plausible solutions for problems related to the lack of gravity, it is still unclear how to address the radiation problem. Several solutions have been proposed, such as passive or active shielding or the use of specific drugs that could reduce the effects of radiation. Recently, a method that reproduces a mechanism similar to hibernation or torpor, known as synthetic torpor, has started to become possible. Several studies show that hibernators are resistant to acute high-dose-rate radiation exposure. However, the underlying mechanism of how this occurs remains unclear, and further investigation is needed. Whether synthetic hibernation will also protect from the deleterious effects of chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure is currently unknown. Hibernators can modulate their neuronal firing, adjust their cardiovascular function, regulate their body temperature, preserve their muscles during prolonged inactivity, regulate their immune system, and most importantly, increase their radioresistance during the inactive period. According to recent studies, synthetic hibernation, just like natural hibernation, could mitigate radiation-induced toxicity. In this review, we see what artificial hibernation is and how it could help the next generation of astronauts in future interplanetary missions.
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Ishizuka Y, Bramham CR. A simple DMSO-based method for cryopreservation of primary hippocampal and cortical neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 333:108578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lv X, He H, Yang Y, Han L, Guo Z, Chen H, Li J, Qiu Y, Xie C. Radiation-induced hippocampal atrophy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma early after radiotherapy: a longitudinal MR-based hippocampal subfield analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 13:1160-1171. [PMID: 30054872 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that radiation-induced injury to the hippocampus may play a critical role in neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, few studies have assessed RT-induced hippocampal structural alterations in these patients early after radiotherapy (RT). In this study, 58 NPC patients were longitudinally followed up prior to treatment initiation as well as 3 and 6 months after RT, respectively. Twenty comparable normal controls were recruited and followed up in parallel. A novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based automated method was used to label hippocampal subfields. The linear mixed model was employed to evaluate longitudinal changes in the volumes of the whole hippocampus and seven hippocampal subfields. Time-dependent volume reduction was observed in the bilateral hippocampus, as well as in the bilateral granule cell layer (GCL), bilateral cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), bilateral molecular layer (ML), and bilateral subiculum (SUB) in NPC patients, but not in controls. Moreover, volume deficits in the bilateral hippocampus, bilateral GCL, and right ML showed dose-dependent patterns, and high volume losses in the bilateral hippocampus, bilateral GCL, left SUB, and right ML were associated with a rapid decline in cognitive function. Our findings demonstrated that the hippocampal subfields were selectively injured by irradiation-related early neurotoxic effects, which might account for cognitive impairment in NPC patients at an early stage after RT. Further, structural MRI could serve as a potential noninvasive imaging biomarker for the early detection of radiation effects on the hippocampus in NPC patients after RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqiang He
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujun Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganzhou Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanmiao Xie
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Puspitasari A, Yamazaki H, Kawamura H, Nakano T, Takahashi A, Shirao T, Held KD. X-irradiation of developing hippocampal neurons causes changes in neuron population phenotypes, dendritic morphology and synaptic protein expression in surviving neurons at maturity. Neurosci Res 2019; 160:11-24. [PMID: 31711782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of X-irradiation on developing neurons and their functions are unclear. We used primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons to investigate the effects of X-irradiation on cell death in developing neurons by analyzing caspase-3, MAP2 and DAPI-labeled cells, and the phenotypes and function of surviving neurons, by examining GAD67-positive cells as a GABAergic marker, and the synaptic markers synapsin 1, drebrin and PSD-95 through its maturation. One-day in vitro (DIV 1) cells were exposed to 0.5 Gy or 1 Gy of X-rays. A significant increase in the percentage of activated caspase-3, a decrease in the number of MAP2/DAPI-positive cells and change in the percentage of GAD67 positive neurons, compared with sham controls, were found 6 days after 1 Gy and 13 days after 0.5 Gy of X-rays. The expression of PSD-95 and drebrin, as well as drebrin clusters, in the remaining neurons was decreased at DIV 21, in both 0.5 Gy and on 1 Gy-irradiation there was a reduced number of dendritic intersection as well. Together, our findings show that 0.5 Gy and 1 Gy of X-irradiation at DIV 1 not only causes neuronal cell death but elicits an increase in the percentage of inhibitory neurons, changes in the dendrites and decrease in expression of important synaptic proteins in the surviving neurons at maturity 3 weeks after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kawamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kathryn D Held
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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High-content imaging analysis for detecting the loss of drebrin clusters along dendrites in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 99:106607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cramer CK, Cummings TL, Andrews RN, Strowd R, Rapp SR, Shaw EG, Chan MD, Lesser GJ. Treatment of Radiation-Induced Cognitive Decline in Adult Brain Tumor Patients. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2019; 20:42. [PMID: 30963289 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Patients with either primary or metastatic brain tumors quite often have cognitive impairment. Maintaining cognitive function is important to brain tumor patients and a decline in cognitive function is generally accompanied by a decline in functional independence and performance status. Cognitive decline can be a result of tumor progression, depression/anxiety, fatigue/sleep dysfunction, or the treatments they have received. It is our opinion that providers treating brain tumor patients should obtain pre-treatment and serial cognitive testing in their patients and offer mitigating and therapeutic interventions when appropriate. They should also support cognition-focused clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K Cramer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Cummings
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rachel N Andrews
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Section on Radiation Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Roy Strowd
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine and Division Public Health Sciences (Social Sciences and Health Policy), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward G Shaw
- Memory Counseling Program, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center on Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Glenn J Lesser
- Oncology, Medical Neuro-Oncology and Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1082, USA
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Andrews RN, Dugan GO, Peiffer AM, Hawkins GA, Hanbury DB, Bourland JD, Hampson RE, Deadwyler SA, Cline JM. White Matter is the Predilection Site of Late-Delayed Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in Non-Human Primates. Radiat Res 2019; 191:217-231. [PMID: 30694733 PMCID: PMC6422025 DOI: 10.1667/rr15263.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fractionated whole-brain irradiation for the treatment of intracranial neoplasia causes progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. The long-term consequences of single-fraction high-dose irradiation to the brain are unknown. To assess the late effects of brain irradiation we compared transcriptomic gene expression profiles from nonhuman primates (NHP; rhesus macaques Macaca mulatta) receiving single-fraction total-body irradiation (TBI; n = 5, 6.75-8.05 Gy, 6-9 years prior to necropsy) to those receiving fractionated whole-brain irradiation (fWBI; n = 5, 40 Gy, 8 × 5 Gy fractions; 12 months prior to necropsy) and control comparators (n = 5). Gene expression profiles from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus (HC) and deep white matter (WM; centrum semiovale) were compared. Stratified analyses by treatment and region revealed that radiation-induced transcriptomic alterations were most prominent in animals receiving fWBI, and primarily affected white matter in both TBI and fWBI groups. Unsupervised canonical and ontologic analysis revealed that TBI or fWBI animals demonstrated shared patterns of injury, including white matter neuroinflammation, increased expression of complement factors and T-cell activation. Both irradiated groups also showed evidence of impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission and signal transduction within white matter, but not within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. Signaling pathways and structural elements involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling were noted within the white matter of animals receiving fWBI, but not of those receiving TBI. These findings indicate that those animals receiving TBI are susceptible to neurological injury similar to that observed after fWBI, and these changes persist for years postirradiation. Transcriptomic profiling reaffirmed that macrophage/microglial-mediated neuroinflammation is present in radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), and our data provide novel evidence that the complement system may contribute to the pathogenesis of RIBI. Finally, these data challenge the assumption that the hippocampus is the predilection site of injury in RIBI, and indicate that impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission may occur in white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Andrews
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Gregory O. Dugan
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Ann M. Peiffer
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Gregory A. Hawkins
- Departments of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - David B. Hanbury
- Department of Psychology, Averett University, Danville, Virginia 24541
| | - J. Daniel Bourland
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Robert E. Hampson
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Samuel A. Deadwyler
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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McNamara AL, Ramos-Méndez J, Perl J, Held K, Dominguez N, Moreno E, Henthorn NT, Kirkby KJ, Meylan S, Villagrasa C, Incerti S, Faddegon B, Paganetti H, Schuemann J. Geometrical structures for radiation biology research as implemented in the TOPAS-nBio toolkit. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:175018. [PMID: 30088810 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aad8eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Computational simulations, such as Monte Carlo track structure simulations, offer a powerful tool for quantitatively investigating radiation interactions within cells. The modelling of the spatial distribution of energy deposition events as well as diffusion of chemical free radical species, within realistic biological geometries, can help provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of radiation on cells. Track structure simulations, however, generally require advanced computing skills to implement. The TOPAS-nBio toolkit, an extension to TOPAS (TOol for PArticle Simulation), aims to provide users with a comprehensive framework for radiobiology simulations, without the need for advanced computing skills. This includes providing users with an extensive library of advanced, realistic, biological geometries ranging from the micrometer scale (e.g. cells and organelles) down to the nanometer scale (e.g. DNA molecules and proteins). Here we present the geometries available in TOPAS-nBio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L McNamara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 30 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
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Miao S, Koganezawa N, Hanamura K, Puspitasari A, Shirao T. N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Mediates X-irradiation-induced Drebrin Decrease in Hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2974/kmj.68.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchuan Miao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Anggraeini Puspitasari
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- International Open Laboratory, Harvard Medical School/MGH Dr. Held Lab, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR)
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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