1
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Meng X, Bai H, Ma Q, Zhang P, Ma H, Deng Y. Screening of small molecular biomarker candidates using untargeted metabolomics strategy in peripheral blood from rats with neuroinflammatory injury induced by whole-brain irradiation. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5464. [PMID: 35899750 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory injury is one of the typical brain injuries after the body is exposed to radiation. It is mainly characterized by the release of inflammatory factors by activated microglia and peripherally invading lymphocytes. To provide early warning for nerve injury and early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, it is of great significance to explore the biomarker candidates of neuroinflammatory injury. This study focused on the screening of small molecular biomarker candidates in peripheral blood from rats with neuroinflammatory injury induced by whole-brain irradiation. Rats were exposed to 0, 10, 10×3 and 30 Gy of cobalt-60 γ rays. Serum was collected on the 30th day after exposure and analyzed using RPLC and HILIC coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry based upon untargeted metabolomics. Biomarker candidates were investigated by comparing the 0 Gy group and three irradiation groups using univariate statistical analysis, PCA and OPLS-DA. Eleven biomarker candidates were putatively identified and four major altered metabolic pathways were found. The screened small molecular biomarker candidates could be used as a useful supplement to traditional biomacromolecule markers, and may be valuable for radiation protection, target therapy of inflammatory injury, and discovery of new target drugs for the prevention and cure of related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshuang Meng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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2
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Maan K, Baghel R, Bakhshi R, Dhariwal S, Tyagi R, Rana P. An integrative chemometric approach and correlative metabolite networking of LC-MS and 1H NMR based urine metabolomics for radiation signatures. Mol Omics 2022; 18:214-225. [PMID: 34982087 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing threat of nuclear terrorism or radiological accident has made high throughput radiation biodosimetry a requisite for the immediate response for triage. Owing to detection of subtle alterations in biological pathways before the onset of clinical conditions, metabolomics has become an important tool for studying biomarkers and the related mechanisms for radiation induced damage. Here, we have attempted to combine two detection techniques, LC-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy, to obtain a comprehensive metabolite profile of urine at 24 h following lethal (7.5 Gy) and sub-lethal (5 Gy) irradiation in mice. Integrated data analytics using multiblock-OPLSDA (MB-OPLSDA), correlation networking and pathway analysis was used to identify metabolic disturbances associated with radiation exposure. MB-OPLSDA revealed better clustering and separation of irradiated groups compared with controls without overfitting (p-value of CV-ANOVA: 1.5 × 10-3). Metabolites identified through MB-OPLSDA, namely, taurine, creatine, citrate and 2-oxoglutarate, were found to be dose independent markers and further support and validate our earlier findings as potential radiation injury biomarkers. Integrated analysis resulted in the enhanced coverage of metabolites and better correlation networking in energy, taurine, gut flora, L-carnitine and nucleotide metabolism observed post irradiation in urine. Our study thus emphasizes the major advantage of using the two detection techniques along with integrated analysis for better detection and comprehensive understanding of disturbed metabolites in biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maan
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Baghel
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Dhariwal
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Ritu Tyagi
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Poonam Rana
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
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3
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Girgis M, Garty GY, Morton SR, Pujol-Canadell M, Ghandhi SA, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Fornace AJ. Biofluid Metabolomics of Mice Exposed to External Low-Dose Rate Radiation in a Novel Irradiation System, the Variable Dose-Rate External 137Cs Irradiator. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5145-5155. [PMID: 34585931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An important component of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure after a radiological incident may include low-dose rate (LDR) exposures either externally or internally, such as from 137Cs deposition. In this study, a novel irradiation system, VAriable Dose-rate External 137Cs irradiatoR (VADER), was used to expose male and female mice to a variable LDR irradiation over a 30 d time span to simulate fall-out-type exposures in addition to biofluid collection from a reference dose rate (0.8 Gy/min). Radiation markers were identified by untargeted metabolomics and random forests. Mice exposed to LDR exposures were successfully identified from control groups based on their urine and serum metabolite profiles. In addition to metabolites commonly perturbed after IR exposure, we identified and validated a novel metabolite (hexosamine-valine-isoleucine-OH) that increased up to 150-fold after LDR and 80-fold after conventional exposures in urine. A multiplex panel consisting of hexosamine-valine-isoleucine-OH with other urinary metabolites (N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine, carnitine, 1-methylnicotinamide, and α-ketoglutaric acid) achieved robust classification performance using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, irrespective of the dose rate or sex. These results show that in terms of biodosimetry, dysregulated energy metabolism is associated with IR exposure for both LDR and conventional IR exposures. These mass spectrometry data have been deposited to the NIH data repository via Metabolomics Workbench with study IDs ST001790, ST001791, ST001792, ST001793, and ST001806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Michael Girgis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Guy Y Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York 10032, United States.,Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Shad R Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Monica Pujol-Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Shanaz A Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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4
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Wu X, Zhu T, Zhang H, Lu L, He X, Liu C, Fan SJ. Identification of odor biomarkers in irradiation injury urine based on headspace SPME-GC-MS. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1597-1605. [PMID: 34402727 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1969050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The threat of population exposure to ionizing radiation is increasing rapidly worldwide. Such exposure, especially at high-dose, is known to cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Hence, it is necessary to develop specific and sensitive biomarkers to accurately diagnose radiation injury and evaluate medical countermeasures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a model organism with a fine and sound olfactory system, was used to examine the odor of urine samples collected from irradiation-injured rats, and compared with those from un-irradiated control rats to investigate the 'special odor' of radiation injury. Subsequently, headspace SPME-GC-MS was applied for non-targeted metabolomic analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine, with the aim to discover changes of small molecule metabolites and identify odor biomarkers of irradiation injury. RESULTS C. elegans showed significant attraction to the urine of total body irradiation (TBI) rats compared with control rats, indicating that irradiation injury can emit 'special odor' and the metabolites in urine VOCs were changed. Using metabolomics based on headspace SPME-GC-MS for metabolic profiles analysis, we screened 63 differentially expressed metabolites. Among them, 10 metabolites including p-Cresol with excellent diagnostic ability were identified as odor biomarkers according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the 'special odor' induced by irradiation injury, and identified biomarkers through urine VOCs analysis for the first time, which can provide a novel approach and insight to evaluate irradiation injury noninvasively, accurately and conveniently.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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5
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Łącki MK, Startek MP, Brehmer S, Distler U, Tenzer S. OpenTIMS, TimsPy, and TimsR: Open and Easy Access to timsTOF Raw Data. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2122-2129. [PMID: 33724840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Bruker timsTOF Pro is an instrument that couples trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) to high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). For proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics applications, the instrument is typically interfaced with a liquid chromatography (LC) system. The resulting LC-TIMS-MS data sets are, in general, several gigabytes in size and are stored in the proprietary Bruker Tims data format (TDF). The raw data can be accessed using proprietary binaries in C, C++, and Python on Windows and Linux operating systems. Here we introduce a suite of computer programs for data accession, including OpenTIMS, TimsR, and TimsPy. OpenTIMS is a C++ library capable of reading Bruker TDF files. It opens up Bruker's proprietary codebase. TimsPy and TimsR build on top of OpenTIMS, enabling swift and user-friendly data access to the raw data with Python and R. Both programs are available under a GPL3 license on all major platforms, extending the possibility to interact with timsTOF data to macOS. Additionally, OpenTIMS is capable of translating Bruker data into HDF5 files that can be easily analyzed from Python with the vaex module. OpenTIMS and TimsPy therefore provide easy and quick access to Bruker timsTOF raw data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz K Łącki
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michał P Startek
- Department of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ute Distler
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Obrador E, Salvador R, Villaescusa JI, Soriano JM, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E461. [PMID: 33142986 PMCID: PMC7692399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protective agents against harmful radiations has been a subject of investigation for decades. However, effective (ideal) radioprotectors and radiomitigators remain an unsolved problem. Because ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is primarily attributed to free radicals, radical scavengers are promising as potential radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, e.g., amifostine (2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulfanylphosphonic acid), approved as a radioprotector by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) but for limited clinical indications and not for nonclinical uses. To date, no new chemical entity has been approved by the FDA as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). All FDA-approved radiation countermeasures (filgrastim, a recombinant DNA form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, a PEGylated form of the recombinant human G-CSF; sargramostim, a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) are classified as radiomitigators. No radioprotector that can be administered prior to exposure has been approved for ARS. This differentiates radioprotectors (reduce direct damage caused by radiation) and radiomitigators (minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered). Molecules under development with the aim of reaching clinical practice and other nonclinical applications are discussed. Assays to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiations are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit in Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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7
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Urine metabolomics based prediction model approach for radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16063. [PMID: 32999294 PMCID: PMC7527994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiological incidents and terrorism have demanded the need for the development of rapid, precise, and non-invasive technique for detection and quantification of exposed dose of radiation. Though radiation induced metabolic markers have been thoroughly investigated, but reproducibility still needs to be elucidated. The present study aims at assessing the reliability and reproducibility of markers using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and further deriving a logistic regression model based on these markers. C57BL/6 male mice (8–10 weeks) whole body γ-irradiated and sham irradiated controls were used. Urine samples collected at 24 h post dose were investigated using high resolution NMR spectroscopy and the datasets were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Fifteen distinguishable metabolites and 3 metabolic pathways (TCA cycle, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis) were found to be amended. ROC curve and logistic regression was used to establish a diagnostic model as Logit (p) = log (p/1 − p) = −0.498 + 13.771 (tau) − 3.412 (citrate) − 34.461 (α-KG) + 515.183 (fumarate) with a sensitivity and specificity of 1.00 and 0.964 respectively. The findings demonstrate the proof of concept and the potential of NMR based metabolomics to establish a prediction model that can be implemented as a promising mass screening tool during triage.
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8
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Satyamitra MM, Cassatt DR, Hollingsworth BA, Price PW, Rios CI, Taliaferro LP, Winters TA, DiCarlo AL. Metabolomics in Radiation Biodosimetry: Current Approaches and Advances. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080328. [PMID: 32796693 PMCID: PMC7465152 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triage and medical intervention strategies for unanticipated exposure during a radiation incident benefit from the early, rapid and accurate assessment of dose level. Radiation exposure results in complex and persistent molecular and cellular responses that ultimately alter the levels of many biological markers, including the metabolomic phenotype. Metabolomics is an emerging field that promises the determination of radiation exposure by the qualitative and quantitative measurements of small molecules in a biological sample. This review highlights the current role of metabolomics in assessing radiation injury, as well as considerations for the diverse range of bioanalytical and sampling technologies that are being used to detect these changes. The authors also address the influence of the physiological status of an individual, the animal models studied, the technology and analysis employed in interrogating response to the radiation insult, and variables that factor into discovery and development of robust biomarker signatures. Furthermore, available databases for these studies have been reviewed, and existing regulatory guidance for metabolomics are discussed, with the ultimate goal of providing both context for this area of radiation research and the consideration of pathways for continued development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merriline M. Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-669-5432
| | - David R. Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Brynn A. Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Paul W. Price
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Carmen I. Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Lanyn P. Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Thomas A. Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Andrea L. DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
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9
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Ye F, Ning J, Fardous Z, Katsube T, Li Q, Wang B. Citrulline, A Potential Biomarker of Radiation-Induced Small Intestine Damage. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820962341. [PMID: 33013253 PMCID: PMC7513408 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820962341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage assessment of the small intestine is important in nuclear accidents or routine radiotherapy of abdominal tumors. This article reviews the clinical symptoms and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced small intestinal damage and summarizes recent research on biomarkers of such damage. Citrulline is the most promising biomarker for the evaluation of radiation-induced small intestinal damage caused by radiotherapy and nuclear accidents. This article also summarizes the factors influencing plasma citrulline measurement investigated in the latest research, as well as new findings on the concentration of citrulline in saliva and urine after different types of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Jing Ning
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeenath Fardous
- Institute of Food and Radiation
Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy
Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes
for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes
for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Vicente E, Vujaskovic Z, Jackson IL. A Systematic Review of Metabolomic and Lipidomic Candidates for Biomarkers in Radiation Injury. Metabolites 2020; 10:E259. [PMID: 32575772 PMCID: PMC7344731 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large-scale nuclear event has the ability to inflict mass casualties requiring point-of-care and laboratory-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to inform victim triage and appropriate medical intervention. Extensive progress has been made to develop post-exposure point-of-care biodosimetry assays and to identify biomarkers that may be used in early phase testing to predict the course of the disease. Screening for biomarkers has recently extended to identify specific metabolomic and lipidomic responses to radiation using animal models. The objective of this review was to determine which metabolites or lipids most frequently experienced perturbations post-ionizing irradiation (IR) in preclinical studies using animal models of acute radiation sickness (ARS) and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). Upon review of approximately 65 manuscripts published in the peer-reviewed literature, the most frequently referenced metabolites showing clear changes in IR induced injury were found to be citrulline, citric acid, creatine, taurine, carnitine, xanthine, creatinine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, and threonine. Each metabolite was evaluated by specific study parameters to determine whether trends were in agreement across several studies. A select few show agreement across variable animal models, IR doses and timepoints, indicating that they may be ubiquitous and appropriate for use in diagnostic or prognostic biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel L. Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.V.); (Z.V.)
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11
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Kheirallah DA, El-Samad LM. Midgut cells alteration in gamma-irradiated beetles (Blaps polycresta, Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:465-473. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.217010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effect of gamma radiation on biological specimens. Thus, our concept is to clarify that exposure to accumulated dose of 0.2 Gy gamma rays (0.66 rad/Sec. dose rate) from Cs137 source induces cellular perturbations in the midgut epithelium of the F1 progeny of Blaps polycresta, therefore affecting nutrition and growth. Beetles were reared in laboratory conditions and the newly emerged adults were irradiated with the aforementioned dose. Histological and ultrastructure anomalies of midgut cells (digestive and regenerative cells) were observed by 72 h after radiation exposure to ensure that the cells will not return to control state. Retardation in the development of the F1 progeny was also noticed and beetles died through two weeks. In the light of these observations, biological tissue act as an indicator to the continuous exposure to environmental radiation.
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12
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Kultova G, Tichy A, Rehulkova H, Myslivcova-Fucikova A. The hunt for radiation biomarkers: current situation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:370-382. [PMID: 31829779 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The possibility of a large-scale acute radiation exposure necessitates the development of new methods that could provide a rapid assessment of the doses received by individuals using high-throughput technologies. There is also a great interest in developing new biomarkers of dose exposure, which could be used in large molecular epidemiological studies in order to correlate estimated doses received and health effects. The goal of this review was to summarize current literature focused on biological dosimetry, namely radiation-responsive biomarkers.Methods: The studies involved in this review were thoroughly selected according to the determined criteria and PRISMA guidelines.Results: We described briefly recent advances in radiation genomics and metabolomics, giving particular emphasis to proteomic analysis. The majority of studies were performed on animal models (rats, mice, and non-human primates). They have provided much beneficial information, but the most relevant tests have been done on human (oncological) patients. By inspecting the radiaiton biodosimetry literate of the last 10 years, we identified a panel of candidate markers for each -omic approach involved.Conslusions: We reviewed different methodological approaches and various biological materials, which can be exploited for dose-effect prediction. The protein biomarkers from human plasma are ideal for this specific purpose. From a plethora of candidate markers, FDXR is a very promising transcriptomic candidate, and importantly this biomarker was also confirmed by some studies at protein level in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kultova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Rehulkova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Myslivcova-Fucikova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Temporal Effects on Radiation Responses in Nonhuman Primates: Identification of Biofluid Small Molecule Signatures by Gas Chromatography⁻Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050098. [PMID: 31096611 PMCID: PMC6571779 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole body exposure to ionizing radiation damages tissues leading to physical symptoms which contribute to acute radiation syndrome. Radiation biodosimetry aims to determine characteristic early biomarkers indicative of radiation exposure and is necessary for effective triage after an unanticipated radiological incident. Radiation metabolomics can address this aim by assessing metabolic perturbations following exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a standardized platform ideal for compound identification. We performed GC time-of-flight MS for the global profiling of nonhuman primate urine and serum samples up to 60 d after a single 4 Gy γ-ray total body exposure. Multivariate statistical analysis showed higher group separation in urine vs. serum. We identified biofluid markers involved in amino acid, lipid, purine, and serotonin metabolism, some of which may indicate host microbiome dysbiosis. Sex differences were observed for amino acid fold changes in serum samples. Additionally, we explored mitochondrial dysfunction by tricarboxylic acid intermediate analysis in the first week with a GC tandem quadrupole MS platform. By adding this temporal component to our previous work exploring dose effects at 7 d, we observed the highest fold changes occurring at 3 d, returning closer to basal levels by 7 d. These results emphasize the utility of both MS-based metabolomics for biodosimetry and complementary analytical platforms for increased metabolome coverage.
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Yao X, Xu C, Cao Y, Lin L, Wu H, Wang C. Early metabolic characterization of brain tissues after whole body radiation based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in a rat model. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4448. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Yurong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Hanxu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Suzhou P. R. China
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Russo R, Haange SB, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M, Becker JM, Liess M. Identification of pesticide exposure-induced metabolic changes in mosquito larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1533-1541. [PMID: 30189569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The European regulatory framework for pesticides generally applies an assessment factor of up to 100 below the acute median lethal concentration (LC50) in laboratory tests to predict the regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs). However, long-term detrimental effects of pesticides in the environment occur far below the RACs. Here, we explored the metabolic changes induced by exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin in larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens. We exposed the test organisms to the insecticide for 24 h and then measured the levels of 184 metabolites immediately and 48 h after the pulse contamination. We established a link between the exposure to clothianidin and changes in the level of three specific classes of metabolites involved in energy metabolism, namely, glycerophospholipids, acylcarnitines and biogenic amines. Remarkably, exposure to concentrations considered to be safe according to the regulatory framework (2-4 orders of magnitude lower than the acute LC50), induced longer-term effects than exposure to the highest concentration. These results suggest that a specific detoxification mechanism was only triggered by the highest concentration. We conclude that even very low insecticide concentrations increase the energy demands of exposed organisms, which potentially translates into a decline in sensitive species in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Russo
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular System Biology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular System Biology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular System Biology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeremias Martin Becker
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Vera NB, Chen Z, Pannkuk E, Laiakis EC, Fornace AJ, Erion DM, Coy SL, Pfefferkorn JA, Vouros P. Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) reveals the elevation of urinary acetylcarnitine in non-human primates (NHPs) exposed to radiation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:548-559. [PMID: 29596720 PMCID: PMC6030448 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcarnitine has been identified as one of several urinary biomarkers indicative of radiation exposure in adult rhesus macaque monkeys (non-human primates, NHPs). Previous work has demonstrated an up-regulated dose-response profile in a balanced male/female NHP cohort. As a contribution toward the development of metabolomics-based radiation biodosimetry in human populations and other applications of acetylcarnitine screening, we have developed a quantitative, high-throughput method for the analysis of acetylcarnitine. We employed the Sciex SelexIon DMS-MS/MS QTRAP 5500 platform coupled to flow injection analysis (FIA), thereby allowing for fast analysis times of less than 0.5 minutes per injection with no chromatographic separation. Ethyl acetate is used as a DMS modifier to reduce matrix chemical background. We have measured NHP urinary acetylcarnitine from the male cohorts that were exposed to the following radiation levels: control, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 10 Gy. Biological variability, along with calibration accuracy of the FIA-DMS-MS/MS method, indicates LOQ of 20 μM, with observed biological levels on the order of 600 μM and control levels near 10 μM. There is an apparent onset of intensified response in the transition from 6 to 10 Gy. The results demonstrate that FIA-DMS-MS/MS is a rapid, quantitative technique that can be utilized for the analysis of urinary biomarker levels for radiation biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Vera
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhidan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Evan Pannkuk
- Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - Albert J Fornace
- Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Derek M Erion
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Coy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul Vouros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Lacombe J, Sima C, Amundson SA, Zenhausern F. Candidate gene biodosimetry markers of exposure to external ionizing radiation in human blood: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198851. [PMID: 29879226 PMCID: PMC5991767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compile a list of genes that have been reported to be affected by external ionizing radiation (IR) and to assess their performance as candidate biomarkers for individual human radiation dosimetry. Methods Eligible studies were identified through extensive searches of the online databases from 1978 to 2017. Original English-language publications of microarray studies assessing radiation-induced changes in gene expression levels in human blood after external IR were included. Genes identified in at least half of the selected studies were retained for bio-statistical analysis in order to evaluate their diagnostic ability. Results 24 studies met the criteria and were included in this study. Radiation-induced expression of 10,170 unique genes was identified and the 31 genes that have been identified in at least 50% of studies (12/24 studies) were selected for diagnostic power analysis. Twenty-seven genes showed a significant Spearman’s correlation with radiation dose. Individually, TNFSF4, FDXR, MYC, ZMAT3 and GADD45A provided the best discrimination of radiation dose < 2 Gy and dose ≥ 2 Gy according to according to their maximized Youden’s index (0.67, 0.55, 0.55, 0.55 and 0.53 respectively). Moreover, 12 combinations of three genes display an area under the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) curve (AUC) = 1 reinforcing the concept of biomarker combinations instead of looking for an ideal and unique biomarker. Conclusion Gene expression is a promising approach for radiation dosimetry assessment. A list of robust candidate biomarkers has been identified from analysis of the studies published to date, confirming for example the potential of well-known genes such as FDXR and TNFSF4 or highlighting other promising gene such as ZMAT3. However, heterogeneity in protocols and analysis methods will require additional studies to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Sima
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Honor Health Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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Roh C. Metabolomics in Radiation-Induced Biological Dosimetry: A Mini-Review and a Polyamine Study. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020034. [PMID: 29844258 PMCID: PMC6023017 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we elucidate that polyamine metabolite is a powerful biomarker to study post-radiation changes. Metabolomics in radiation biodosimetry, the application of a metabolomics analysis to the field of radiobiology, promises to increase the understanding of biological responses by ionizing radiation (IR). Radiation exposure triggers a complex network of molecular and cellular responses that impacts metabolic processes and alters the levels of metabolites. Such metabolites have potential as biomarkers for radiation dosimetry. Among metabolites, polyamine is one of many potential biomarkers to estimate radiation response. In addition, this review provides an opportunity for the understanding of a radiation metabolomics in biodosimetry and a polyamine case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Roh
- Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29, Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
- Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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Lee SY, Mediani A, Maulidiani M, Khatib A, Ismail IS, Zawawi N, Abas F. Comparison of partial least squares and random forests for evaluating relationship between phenolics and bioactivities of Neptunia oleracea. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:240-252. [PMID: 28580581 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neptunia oleracea is a plant consumed as a vegetable and which has been used as a folk remedy for several diseases. Herein, two regression models (partial least squares, PLS; and random forest, RF) in a metabolomics approach were compared and applied to the evaluation of the relationship between phenolics and bioactivities of N. oleracea. In addition, the effects of different extraction conditions on the phenolic constituents were assessed by pattern recognition analysis. RESULTS Comparison of the PLS and RF showed that RF exhibited poorer generalization and hence poorer predictive performance. Both the regression coefficient of PLS and the variable importance of RF revealed that quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, caffeic acid and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were significant towards the tested bioactivities. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) results showed that sonication and absolute ethanol are the preferable extraction method and ethanol ratio, respectively, to produce N. oleracea extracts with high phenolic levels and therefore high DPPH scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION Both PLS and RF are useful regression models in metabolomics studies. This work provides insight into the performance of different multivariate data analysis tools and the effects of different extraction conditions on the extraction of desired phenolics from plants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yee Lee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maulidiani Maulidiani
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Azimzadeh O, Tapio S. Proteomics landscape of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease: somewhere over the paradigm. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:987-996. [PMID: 28976223 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1388743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies clearly show that thoracic or whole body exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been intensively studied during the last ten years but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Areas covered: Heart proteomics is a powerful tool holding promise for the future research. The central focus of this review is to compare proteomics data on radiation-induced CVD with data arising from proteomics of healthy and diseased cardiac tissue in general. In this context we highlight common and unique features of radiation-related and other heart pathologies. Future prospects and challenges of the field are discussed. Expert commentary: Data from comprehensive cardiac proteomics have deepened the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in radiation-induced cardiac dysfunction. State-of-the-art proteomics has the potential to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic markers of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- a Institute of Radiation Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- a Institute of Radiation Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH , Neuherberg , Germany
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Mechanism-based biomarker discovery. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1209-1215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhao M, Lau KK, Zhou X, Wu J, Yang J, Wang C. Urinary metabolic signatures and early triage of acute radiation exposure in rat model. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:756-766. [PMID: 28225098 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00785f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
After a large-scale radiological accident, early-response biomarkers to assess radiation exposure over a broad dose range are not only the basis of rapid radiation triage, but are also the key to the rational use of limited medical resources and to the improvement of treatment efficiency. Because of its high throughput, rapid assays and minimally invasive sample collection, metabolomics has been applied to research into radiation exposure biomarkers in recent years. Due to the complexity of radiobiological effects, most of the potential biomarkers are both dose-dependent and time-dependent. In reality, it is very difficult to find a single biomarker that is both sensitive and specific in a given radiation exposure scenario. Therefore, a multi-parameters approach for radiation exposure assessment is more realistic in real nuclear accidents. In this study, untargeted metabolomic profiling based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and targeted amino acid profiling based on LC-MS/MS were combined to investigate early urinary metabolite responses within 48 h post-exposure in a rat model. A few of the key early-response metabolites for radiation exposure were identified, which revealed the most relevant metabolic pathways. Furthermore, a panel of potential urinary biomarkers was selected through a multi-criteria approach and applied to early triage following irradiation. Our study suggests that it is feasible to use a multi-parameters approach to triage radiation damage, and the urinary excretion levels of the relevant metabolites provide insights into radiation damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Zhao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Industrial Park Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Kim Kt Lau
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou Industrial Park Ren'ai Road 111, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Industrial Park Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jianfang Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou Industrial Park Ren'ai Road 111, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Industrial Park Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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A Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Related Metabolic Signature Characterizes Obese Adolescents with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2017. [PMID: 28640216 PMCID: PMC5537762 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of several metabolite pathways, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), are associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance in adults, while studies in youth reported conflicting results. We explored whether, independently of obesity and insulin resistance, obese adolescents with NAFLD display a metabolomic signature consistent with disturbances in amino acid and lipid metabolism. A total of 180 plasma metabolites were measured by a targeted metabolomic approach in 78 obese adolescents with (n = 30) or without (n = 48) NAFLD assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and subsets of patients underwent a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and/or a second MRI after a 2.2 ± 0.8-year follow-up. Adolescents with NAFLD had higher plasma levels of valine (p = 0.02), isoleucine (p = 0.03), tryptophan (p = 0.02), and lysine (p = 0.02) after adjustment for confounding factors. Circulating BCAAs were negatively correlated with peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, higher baseline valine levels predicted an increase in hepatic fat content (HFF) at follow-up (p = 0.01). These results indicate that a dysregulation of BCAA metabolism characterizes obese adolescents with NAFLD independently of obesity and insulin resistance and predict an increase in hepatic fat content over time.
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Authier S, Wong K, Fornace AJ. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics of Urine and Serum from Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Impacts on the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Protein Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2091-2100. [PMID: 28351153 PMCID: PMC5720681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) directly damages cells and tissues or indirectly damages them through reactive free radicals that may lead to longer term adverse sequelae such as cancers, persistent inflammation, or possible death. Potential exposures include nuclear reactor accidents, improper disposal of equipment containing radioactive materials or medical errors, and terrorist attacks. Metabolomics (comprehensive analysis of compounds <1 kDa) by mass spectrometry (MS) has been proposed as a tool for high-throughput biodosimetry and rapid assessment of exposed dose and triage needed. While multiple studies have been dedicated to radiation biomarker discovery, many have utilized liquid chromatography (LC) MS platforms that may not detect particular compounds (e.g., small carboxylic acids or isomers) that complementary analytical tools, such as gas chromatography (GC) time-of-flight (TOF) MS, are ideal for. The current study uses global GC-TOF-MS metabolomics to complement previous LC-MS analyses on nonhuman primate biofluids (urine and serum) 7 days after exposure to 2, 4, 6, 7, and 10 Gy IR. Multivariate data analysis was used to visualize differences between control and IR exposed groups. Univariate analysis was used to determine a combined 26 biomarkers in urine and serum that significantly changed after exposure to IR. We found several metabolites involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle function, amino acid metabolism, and host microbiota that were not previously detected by global and targeted LC-MS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Tumor Biology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Simon Authier
- CiToxLAB North America, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Karen Wong
- CiToxLAB North America, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Tumor Biology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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Iizuka D, Yoshioka S, Kawai H, Izumi S, Suzuki F, Kamiya K. Metabolomic screening using ESI-FT MS identifies potential radiation-responsive molecules in mouse urine. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:273-280. [PMID: 27974505 PMCID: PMC5619916 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The demand for establishment of high-throughput biodosimetric methods is increasing. Our aim in this study was to identify low-molecular-weight urinary radiation-responsive molecules using electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-FT MS), and our final goal was to develop a sensitive biodosimetry technique that can be applied in the early triage of a radiation emergency medical system. We identified nine metabolites by statistical comparison of mouse urine before and 8 h after irradiation. Time-course analysis showed that, of these metabolites, thymidine and either thymine or imidazoleacetic acid were significantly increased dose-dependently 8 h after radiation exposure; these molecules have already been reported as potential radiation biomarkers. Phenyl glucuronide was significantly decreased 8 h after radiation exposure, irrespective of the dose. Histamine and 1-methylhistamine were newly identified by MS/MS and showed significant, dose-dependent increases 72 h after irradiation. Quantification of 1-methylhistamine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis also showed a significant increase 72 h after 4 Gy irradiation. These results suggest that urinary metabolomics screening using ESI-FT MS can be a powerful tool for identifying promising radiation-responsive molecules, and that urinary 1-methylhistamine is a potential radiation-responsive molecule for acute, high-dose exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Iizuka
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Susumu Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular Radiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Izumi
- Department of Molecular Radiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Fumio Suzuki
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Golla S, Golla JP, Krausz KW, Manna SK, Simillion C, Beyoğlu D, Idle JR, Gonzalez FJ. Metabolomic Analysis of Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation Reveals a Systemic Understanding of Total-Body Exposure. Radiat Res 2017; 187:612-629. [PMID: 28467754 DOI: 10.1667/rr14592.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic markers are needed for accidental or deliberate radiation exposure that could cause acute and chronic radiation toxicity. Biomarkers of temporal, dose-dependent, aging-attenuated and multiple radiation exposures have been previously described by others. However, the physiological origin and biochemical networks that generate these biomarkers and their association at the molecular level have yet to be explored. Hence, the discovery and identification of total-body-irradiation-induced tissue specific biomarkers remains an enormous challenge within radiation biodosimetry research. To determine the tissue level response of total-body exposure (6 Gy), metabolomics analysis was carried out on radiosensitive tissues bone marrow, ileum, liver, muscle and lung as well as serum and on urine within 12 h postirradiation. Differences in the metabolic signatures between the sham and gamma-irradiated groups were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS). A panel of 67 biomarkers identified in radiosensitive tissues and biofluids (serum and urine) at a 6 Gy dose. Among the identified biomarkers, 3-methylglutarylcarnitine (3-MGC) was found to be a novel metabolite in liver, serum and urine that could potentially be an early radiation response marker. The degree of metabolic changes among different tissues showed perturbations in pathways including DNA methylation, energy, nucleic acid, amino acid, glutathione and bile acid metabolism. These results highlight metabolomics as a potential novel approach to understand functional alterations in the metabolome that could be adapted for use in the rapid assessment of radiation exposure and triage protocols in the case of nuclear incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujana Golla
- a Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- a Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- a Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Soumen K Manna
- a Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cedric Simillion
- b Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,c Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diren Beyoğlu
- c Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- a Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,c Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- a Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Pannkuk EL, Fornace AJ, Laiakis EC. Metabolomic applications in radiation biodosimetry: exploring radiation effects through small molecules. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1151-1176. [PMID: 28067089 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1269218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure of the general population to ionizing radiation has increased in the past decades, primarily due to long distance travel and medical procedures. On the other hand, accidental exposures, nuclear accidents, and elevated threats of terrorism with the potential detonation of a radiological dispersal device or improvised nuclear device in a major city, all have led to increased needs for rapid biodosimetry and assessment of exposure to different radiation qualities and scenarios. Metabolomics, the qualitative and quantitative assessment of small molecules in a given biological specimen, has emerged as a promising technology to allow for rapid determination of an individual's exposure level and metabolic phenotype. Advancements in mass spectrometry techniques have led to untargeted (discovery phase, global assessment) and targeted (quantitative phase) methods not only to identify biomarkers of radiation exposure, but also to assess general perturbations of metabolism with potential long-term consequences, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disease. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics of radiation exposure has provided a highly informative snapshot of metabolic dysregulation. Biomarkers in easily accessible biofluids and biospecimens (urine, blood, saliva, sebum, fecal material) from mouse, rat, and minipig models, to non-human primates and humans have provided the basis for determination of a radiation signature to assess the need for medical intervention. Here we provide a comprehensive description of the current status of radiation metabolomic studies for the purpose of rapid high-throughput radiation biodosimetry in easily accessible biofluids and discuss future directions of radiation metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- a Tumor Biology Program , Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- b Molecular Oncology , Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
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Chen Z, Coy SL, Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Hall AB, Fornace AJ, Vouros P. Rapid and High-Throughput Detection and Quantitation of Radiation Biomarkers in Human and Nonhuman Primates by Differential Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1626-36. [PMID: 27392730 PMCID: PMC5018447 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure is an important public health issue due to a range of accidental and intentional threats. Prompt and effective large-scale screening and appropriate use of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate radiation injury requires rapid methods for determining the radiation dose. In a number of studies, metabolomics has identified small-molecule biomarkers responding to the radiation dose. Differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) has been used for similar compounds for high-throughput small-molecule detection and quantitation. In this study, we show that DMS-MS can detect and quantify two radiation biomarkers, trimethyl-L-lysine (TML) and hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine is a human and nonhuman primate (NHP) radiation biomarker and metabolic intermediate, whereas TML is a radiation biomarker in humans but not in NHP, which is involved in carnitine synthesis. They have been analyzed by DMS-MS from urine samples after a simple strong cation exchange-solid phase extraction (SCX-SPE). The dramatic suppression of background and chemical noise provided by DMS-MS results in an approximately 10-fold reduction in time, including sample pretreatment time, compared with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). DMS-MS quantitation accuracy has been verified by validation testing for each biomarker. Human samples are not yet available, but for hypoxanthine, selected NHP urine samples (pre- and 7-d-post 10 Gy exposure) were analyzed, resulting in a mean change in concentration essentially identical to that obtained by LC-MS (fold-change 2.76 versus 2.59). These results confirm the potential of DMS-MS for field or clinical first-level rapid screening for radiation exposure. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen L Coy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Evan L Pannkuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Adam B Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Vouros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Petitot F, Frelon S, Chambon C, Paquet F, Guipaud O. Proteome changes in rat serum after a chronic ingestion of enriched uranium: Toward a biological signature of internal contamination and radiological effect. Toxicol Lett 2016; 257:44-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Authier S, Wong K, Fornace AJ. Targeted Metabolomics of Nonhuman Primate Serum after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Potential Tools for High-throughput Biodosimetry. RSC Adv 2016; 6:51192-51202. [PMID: 28367319 PMCID: PMC5373493 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for research to rapidly determine an individual's absorbed dose and its potential health effects after a potential radiological or nuclear event that could expose large portions of a population to ionizing radiation (IR). Studies on biomarker identification after radiation exposure could aid in biodosimetry, identifying individual dose absorbed, as well as biologic response, and administering immediate and proper medical care. Metabolomics on easily accessible biofluids is an emerging field with potential for high-throughput biodosimetry. While tremendous effort has been put into obtaining discovery based global radiation signatures from a number of biofluids and model organisms, quantitative targeted analysis on a subset of known radiation biomarkers is required to develop an optimized panel of biomarkers for future clinical applications. The current study analyzes levels of several known broad chemical groups (acylcarnitines, amino acids, phosphatidylcholines, and biogenic amines) affected by IR in serum from nonhuman primates (NHP) 7 days after exposure through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) platform. We identified several novel metabolites affected by IR exposure through univariate and unsupervised multivariate analyses. Levels of acylcarnitines, amino acids, and phospholipids were perturbed indicating altered protein metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, and inflammation. Fold changes in carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, and valerylcarnitine) complement previous global radiation signatures on NHP; notably, the levels of change were lower than previously observed in urine. Decreased levels of glutamate, citrulline, and arginine after IR are biomarkers indicating gastrointestinal syndrome and perturbations to the urea cycle. Sex differences were also assessed and were more prevalent in circulating acylcarnitines and phospholipids after IR exposure. These biomarkers may be combined with previously described compounds from DNA damage to develop a defined metabolomic biodosimetry panel to be analyzed by MS platforms, which are increasingly available in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Goudarzi M, Chauthe S, Strawn SJ, Weber WM, Brenner DJ, Fornace AJ. Quantitative Metabolomic Analysis of Urinary Citrulline and Calcitroic Acid in Mice after Exposure to Various Types of Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050782. [PMID: 27213362 PMCID: PMC4881599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the safety of existing nuclear power plants being brought into question after the Fukushima disaster and the increased level of concern over terrorism-sponsored use of improvised nuclear devices, it is more crucial to develop well-defined radiation injury markers in easily accessible biofluids to help emergency-responders with injury assessment during patient triage. Here, we focused on utilizing ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to identify and quantitate the unique changes in the urinary excretion of two metabolite markers, calcitroic acid and citrulline, in mice induced by different forms of irradiation; external γ irradiation at a low dose rate (LDR) of 3.0 mGy/min and a high dose rate (HDR) of 1.1 Gy/min, and internal exposure to Cesium-137 ((137)Cs) and Strontium-90 ((90)Sr). The multiple reaction monitoring analysis showed that, while exposure to (137)Cs and (90)Sr induced a statistically significant and persistent decrease, similar doses of external γ beam at the HDR had the opposite effect, and the LDR had no effect on the urinary levels of these two metabolites. This suggests that the source of exposure and the dose rate strongly modulate the in vivo metabolomic injury responses, which may have utility in clinical biodosimetry assays for the assessment of exposure in an affected population. This study complements our previous investigations into the metabolomic profile of urine from mice internally exposed to (90)Sr and (137)Cs and to external γ beam radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Goudarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Siddheshwar Chauthe
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Steven J Strawn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Waylon M Weber
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, VC11-240, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Sadi B, Li C, Ko R, Daka J, Yusuf H, Wyatt H, Surette J, Priest N, Hamada N. A study on the effect of the internal exposure to (210)Po on the excretion of urinary proteins in rats. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:161-169. [PMID: 26961776 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the feasibility of a noninvasive urine specimen for the detection of proteins as indicators of internal exposure to ionizing radiation. Three groups of rats (five in each group) were intravenously injected with 1601 ± 376, 10,846 ± 591 and 48,467 ± 2812 Bq of (210)Po in citrate form. A sham-exposed control group of five rats was intravenously injected with sterile physiological saline. Daily urine samples were collected over 4 days following injection. Purification and pre-concentration of urinary proteins were carried out by ultrafiltration using a 3000 Da molecular weight cutoff membrane filter. The concentration of common urinary proteins, namely albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, immunoglobulins IgA and IgG, was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urinary excretion of albumin decreased dose-dependently (p < 0.05) 96 h post-injection relative to the control group. In contrast, no statistically significant effects were observed for other proteins tested. The dose-dependent decrease in urinary excretion of albumin observed in this study underscores the need for further research, which may lead to the discovery of new biomarkers that would reflect the changes in the primary target organs for deposition of (210)Po.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baki Sadi
- National Internal Radiation Assessment Section, Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada.
| | - Chunsheng Li
- National Internal Radiation Assessment Section, Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Raymond Ko
- National Internal Radiation Assessment Section, Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Joseph Daka
- National Internal Radiation Assessment Section, Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Hamdi Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Heather Wyatt
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Joel Surette
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Nick Priest
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Radiation Safety Research Center, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Mak TD, Astarita G, Authier S, Wong K, Fornace AJ. A Lipidomic and Metabolomic Serum Signature from Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Metabolomics 2016; 12:80. [PMID: 28220056 PMCID: PMC5314995 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to dangers associated with potential accidents from nuclear energy and terrorist threats, there is a need for high-throughput biodosimetry to rapidly assess individual doses of radiation exposure. Lipidomics and metabolomics are becoming common tools for determining global signatures after disease or other physical insult and provide a "snapshot" of potential cellular damage. OBJECTIVES The current study assesses changes in the nonhuman primate (NHP) serum lipidome and metabolome 7 days following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). METHODS Serum sample lipids and metabolites were extracted using a biphasic liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Global radiation signatures were acquired in data-independent mode. RESULTS Radiation exposure caused significant perturbations in lipid metabolism, affecting all major lipid species, including free fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and esterified sterols. In particular, we observed a significant increase in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-containing lipids in the serum of NHPs exposed to 10 Gy radiation, suggesting a primary role played by PUFAs in the physiological response to IR. Metabolomics profiling indicated an increase in the levels of amino acids, carnitine, and purine metabolites in the serum of NHPs exposed to 10 Gy radiation, suggesting perturbations to protein digestion/absorption, biological oxidations, and fatty acid β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to determine changes in the global NHP serum lipidome and metabolome following radiation exposure and provides information for developing metabolomic biomarker panels in human-based biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Tytus D. Mak
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA
| | | | | | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Address for correspondence: Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, New, Research Building, Room E504, Washington, DC 20057, , Phone: 202-687-7843, Fax: 202-687-3140
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Jang WG, Park JY, Lee J, Bang E, Kim SR, Lee EK, Yun HJ, Kang CM, Hwang GS. Investigation of relative metabolic changes in the organs and plasma of rats exposed to X-ray radiation using HR-MAS (1)H NMR and solution (1)H NMR. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:507-518. [PMID: 26871685 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Excess exposure to ionizing radiation generates reactive oxygen species and increases the cellular inflammatory response by modifying various metabolic pathways. However, an investigation of metabolic perturbations and organ-specific responses based on the amount of radiation during the acute phase has not been conducted. In this study, high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HR-MAS) NMR and solution NMR-based metabolic profiling were used to investigate dose-dependent metabolic changes in multiple organs and tissues--including the jejunum, spleen, liver, and plasma--of rats exposed to X-ray radiation. The organs, tissues, and blood samples were obtained 24, 48, and 72 h after exposure to low-dose (2 Gy) and high-dose (6 Gy) X-ray radiation and subjected to metabolite profiling and multivariate analyses. The results showed the time course of the metabolic responses, and many significant changes were detected in the high-dose compared with the low-dose group. Metabolites with antioxidant properties showed acute responses in the jejunum and spleen after radiation exposure. The levels of metabolites related to lipid and protein metabolism were decreased in the jejunum. In addition, amino acid levels increased consistently at all post-irradiation time points as a consequence of activated protein breakdown. Consistent with these changes, plasma levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolites decreased. The liver did not appear to undergo remarkable metabolic changes after radiation exposure. These results may provide insight into the major metabolic perturbations and mechanisms of the biological systems in response to pathophysiological damage caused by X-ray radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Gyo Jang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Park
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Bang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Yun
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Kang
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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Iizuka D, Yoshioka S, Kawai H, Okazaki E, Kiriyama K, Izumi S, Nishimura M, Shimada Y, Kamiya K, Suzuki F. Hepcidin-2 in mouse urine as a candidate radiation-responsive molecule. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:142-9. [PMID: 26826199 PMCID: PMC4795955 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate urine obtained from whole-body gamma-irradiated mice (4 Gy) before analyzing each fraction with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify radiation-responsive molecules. We identified two candidates: hepcidin antimicrobial peptide 2 (hepcidin-2) and peptide fragments of kidney androgen-regulated protein (KAP). We observed that peak increases of hepcidin-2 in urine were delayed in a dose-dependent manner (1 Gy and above); however, the amount of KAP peptide fragments showed no correlation with radiation dose. In addition, an increase in hepcidin-2 after exposure to relatively low radiation doses (0.25 and 0.5 Gy, respectively) was biphasic (at 8-48 h and 120-168 h, respectively, after irradiation). The increase in hepcidin-2 paralleled an increase in hepcidin-2 gene (Hamp2) mRNA levels in the liver. These results suggest that radiation exposure directly or indirectly induces urinary excretion of hepcidin-2 at least in part by the upregulation of Hamp2 mRNA in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Iizuka
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan Department of Molecular Radiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Susumu Yoshioka
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Molecular Radiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Emi Okazaki
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Keita Kiriyama
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Izumi
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Fumio Suzuki
- Department of International Radiation Emergency Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Cook JA, Chandramouli GVR, Anver MR, Sowers AL, Thetford A, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ, Mitchell JB, Patterson AD. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Identifies Longitudinal Urinary Metabolite Profiles Predictive of Radiation-Induced Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1569-77. [PMID: 26880804 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonlethal exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is a public concern due to its known carcinogenic effects. Although latency periods for IR-induced neoplasms are relatively long, the ability to detect cancer as early as possible is highly advantageous for effective therapeutic intervention. Therefore, we hypothesized that metabolites in the urine from mice exposed to total body radiation (TBI) would predict for the presence of cancer before a palpable mass was detected. In this study, we exposed mice to 0 or 5.4 Gy TBI, collected urine samples periodically over 1 year, and assayed urine metabolites by using mass spectrometry. Longitudinal data analysis within the first year post-TBI revealed that cancers, including hematopoietic, solid, and benign neoplasms, could be distinguished by unique urinary signatures as early as 3 months post-TBI. Furthermore, a distinction among different types of malignancies could be clearly delineated as early as 3 months post-TBI for hematopoietic neoplasms, 6 months for solid neoplasms, and by 1 year for benign neoplasms. Moreover, the feature profile for radiation-exposed mice 6 months post-TBI was found to be similar to nonirradiated control mice at 18 months, suggesting that TBI accelerates aging. These results demonstrate that urine feature profiles following TBI can identify cancers in mice prior to macroscopic detection, with important implications for the early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Cook
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Miriam R Anver
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Anastasia L Sowers
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela Thetford
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Menon SS, Uppal M, Randhawa S, Cheema MS, Aghdam N, Usala RL, Ghosh SP, Cheema AK, Dritschilo A. Radiation Metabolomics: Current Status and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2016; 6:20. [PMID: 26870697 PMCID: PMC4736121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) disrupts normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses that interfere with gene and protein expression. Conventional dosimetry, monitoring of prodromal symptoms, and peripheral lymphocyte counts are of limited value as organ- and tissue-specific biomarkers for personnel exposed to radiation, particularly, weeks or months after exposure. Analysis of metabolites generated in known stress-responsive pathways by molecular profiling helps to predict the physiological status of an individual in response to environmental or genetic perturbations. Thus, a multi-metabolite profile obtained from a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform offers potential for identification of robust biomarkers to predict radiation toxicity of organs and tissues resulting from exposures to therapeutic or non-therapeutic IR. Here, we review the status of radiation metabolomics and explore applications as a standalone technology, as well as its integration in systems biology, to facilitate a better understanding of the molecular basis of radiation response. Finally, we draw attention to the identification of specific pathways that can be targeted for the development of therapeutics to alleviate or mitigate harmful effects of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Medha Uppal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Subeena Randhawa
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Mehar S Cheema
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Nima Aghdam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Rachel L Usala
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
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Wang M, Keogh A, Treves S, Idle JR, Beyoğlu D. The metabolomic profile of gamma-irradiated human hepatoma and muscle cells reveals metabolic changes consistent with the Warburg effect. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1624. [PMID: 26823999 PMCID: PMC4730869 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The two human cell lines HepG2 from hepatoma and HMCL-7304 from striated muscle were γ-irradiated with doses between 0 and 4 Gy. Abundant γH2AX foci were observed at 4 Gy after 4 h of culture post-irradiation. Sham-irradiated cells showed no γH2AX foci and therefore no signs of radiation-induced double-strand DNA breaks. Flow cytometry indicated that 41.5% of HepG2 cells were in G2/M and this rose statistically significantly with increasing radiation dose reaching a plateau at ∼47%. Cell lysates from both cell lines were subjected to metabolomic analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). A total of 46 metabolites could be identified by GCMS in HepG2 cell lysates and 29 in HMCL-7304 lysates, most of which occurred in HepG2 cells. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation of sham, 1, 2 and 4 Gy doses. Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed elevations in intracellular lactate, alanine, glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose and 5-oxoproline, which were found by univariate statistics to be highly statistically significantly elevated at both 2 and 4 Gy compared with sham irradiated cells. These findings suggested upregulation of cytosolic aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect), with potential shunting of glucose through aldose reductase in the polyol pathway, and consumption of reduced Glutathione (GSH) due to γ-irradiation. In HMCL-7304 myotubes, a putative Warburg effect was also observed only at 2 Gy, albeit a lesser magnitude than in HepG2 cells. It is anticipated that these novel metabolic perturbations following γ-irradiation of cultured cells will lead to a fuller understanding of the mechanisms of tissue damage following ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Integrated TCM and West Medicine, Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, P.R. China; Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Keogh
- Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Susan Treves
- Departments of Anesthesia and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Diren Beyoğlu
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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Mak TD, Tyburski JB, Krausz KW, Kalinich JF, Gonzalez FJ, Fornace AJ. Exposure to ionizing radiation reveals global dose- and time-dependent changes in the urinary metabolome of rat. Metabolomics 2015; 11:1082-1094. [PMID: 26557048 PMCID: PMC4635442 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential for exposures to ionizing radiation has increased in recent years. Although advances have been made, understanding the global metabolic response as a function of both dose and exposure time is challenging considering the complexity of the responses. Herein we report our findings on the dose- and time-dependency of the urinary response to ionizing radiation in the male rat using radiation metabolomics. Urine samples were collected from adult male rats, exposed to 0.5 to 10 Gy γ-radiation, both before from 6 to 72 h following exposures. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and deconvoluted mass chromatographic data were initially analyzed by principal component analysis. However, the breadth and complexity of the data necessitated the development of a novel approach to summarizing biofluid constituents after exposure, called Visual Analysis of Metabolomics Package (VAMP). VAMP revealed clear urine metabolite profile differences to as little as 0.5 Gy after 6 h exposure. Via VAMP, it was discovered that the response to radiation exposure found in rat urine is characterized by an overall net down-regulation of ion excretion with only a modest number of ions excreted in excess over pre-exposure levels. Our results show both similarities and differences with the published mouse urine response and a dose- and time-dependent net decrease in urine ion excretion associated with radiation exposure. These findings mark an important step in the development of minimally invasive radiation biodosimetry. VAMP should have general applicability in metabolomics to visualize overall differences and trends in many sample sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytus D. Mak
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - John B. Tyburski
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - John F. Kalinich
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Address for correspondence: 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Room E504, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-1468; ; Tel: 202-687-7843; Fax: 202-687-3140
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40
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Authier S, Wong K, Fornace AJ. Global Metabolomic Identification of Long-Term Dose-Dependent Urinary Biomarkers in Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2015; 184:121-33. [PMID: 26230079 DOI: 10.1667/rr14091.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to concerns surrounding potential large-scale radiological events, there is a need to determine robust radiation signatures for the rapid identification of exposed individuals, which can then be used to guide the development of compact field deployable instruments to assess individual dose. Metabolomics provides a technology to process easily accessible biofluids and determine rigorous quantitative radiation biomarkers with mass spectrometry (MS) platforms. While multiple studies have utilized murine models to determine radiation biomarkers, limited studies have profiled nonhuman primate (NHP) metabolic radiation signatures. In addition, these studies have concentrated on short-term biomarkers (i.e., <72 h). The current study addresses the need for biomarkers beyond 72 h using a NHP model. Urine samples were collected at 7 days postirradiation (2, 4, 6, 7 and 10 Gy) and processed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) MS, acquiring global metabolomic radiation signatures. Multivariate data analysis revealed clear separation between control and irradiated groups. Thirteen biomarkers exhibiting a dose response were validated with tandem MS. There was significantly higher excretion of l-carnitine, l-acetylcarnitine, xanthine and xanthosine in males versus females. Metabolites validated in this study suggest perturbation of several pathways including fatty acid β oxidation, tryptophan metabolism, purine catabolism, taurine metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis. In this novel study we detected long-term biomarkers in a NHP model after exposure to radiation and demonstrate differences between sexes using UPLC-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Albert J Fornace
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC;,c Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and.,d Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Goudarzi M, Weber WM, Mak TD, Chung J, Doyle-Eisele M, Melo DR, Strawn SJ, Brenner DJ, Guilmette RA, Fornace AJ. A Comprehensive Metabolomic Investigation in Urine of Mice Exposed to Strontium-90. Radiat Res 2015; 183:665-74. [PMID: 26010713 DOI: 10.1667/rr14011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Internal emitters such as Strontium-90 ((90)Sr) pose a substantial health risk during and immediately after a nuclear disaster or detonation of an improvised device. The environmental persistency and potency of (90)Sr calls for urgent development of high-throughput tests to establish levels of exposure and to help triage potentially exposed individuals who were in the immediate area of the disaster. In response to these concerns, our team focused on developing a robust metabolomic profile for (90)Sr exposure in urine using a mouse model. The sensitivity of modern time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) combined with the separation power of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to determine perturbations in the urinary metabolome of mice exposed to (90)Sr. The recently developed statistical suite, MetaboLyzer, was used to explore the mass spectrometry data. The results indicated a significant change in the urinary abundances of metabolites pertaining to butanoate metabolism, vitamin B metabolism, glutamate and fatty acid oxidation. All of these pathways are either directly or indirectly connected to the central energy production pathway, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo metabolomics to evaluate the effects of exposure to (90)Sr using the easily accessible biofluid, urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Goudarzi
- a Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C
| | - Waylon M Weber
- b Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Tytus D Mak
- c Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland; and
| | - Juijung Chung
- a Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C
| | | | - Dunstana R Melo
- b Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Steven J Strawn
- a Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C
| | - David J Brenner
- d Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Albert J Fornace
- a Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C.;,c Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland; and
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42
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Ó Broin P, Vaitheesvaran B, Saha S, Hartil K, Chen EI, Goldman D, Fleming WH, Kurland IJ, Guha C, Golden A. Intestinal microbiota-derived metabolomic blood plasma markers for prior radiation injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 91:360-7. [PMID: 25636760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing whole-body radiation injury and absorbed dose is essential for remediation efforts following accidental or deliberate exposure in medical, industrial, military, or terrorist incidents. We hypothesize that variations in specific metabolite concentrations extracted from blood plasma would correlate with whole-body radiation injury and dose. METHODS AND MATERIALS Groups of C57BL/6 mice (n=12 per group) were exposed to 0, 2, 4, 8, and 10.4 Gy of whole-body gamma radiation. At 24 hours after treatment, all animals were euthanized, and both plasma and liver biopsy samples were obtained, the latter being used to identify a distinct hepatic radiation injury response within plasma. A semiquantitative, untargeted metabolite/lipid profile was developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which identified 354 biochemical compounds. A second set of C57BL/6 mice (n=6 per group) were used to assess a subset of identified plasma markers beyond 24 hours. RESULTS We identified a cohort of 37 biochemical compounds in plasma that yielded the optimal separation of the irradiated sample groups, with the most correlated metabolites associated with pyrimidine (positively correlated) and tryptophan (negatively correlated) metabolism. The latter were predominantly associated with indole compounds, and there was evidence that these were also correlated between liver and plasma. No evidence of saturation as a function of dose was observed, as has been noted for studies involving metabolite analysis of urine. CONCLUSIONS Plasma profiling of specific metabolites related to pyrimidine and tryptophan pathways can be used to differentiate whole-body radiation injury and dose response. As the tryptophan-associated indole compounds have their origin in the intestinal microbiome and subsequently the liver, these metabolites particularly represent an attractive marker for radiation injury within blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilib Ó Broin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yeshiva University, New York, New York
| | - Bhavapriya Vaitheesvaran
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Kirsten Hartil
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Emily I Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Proteomics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Devorah Goldman
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York.
| | - Aaron Golden
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yeshiva University, New York, New York.
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Modulation of Radiation Response by the Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:68-81. [PMID: 26785338 PMCID: PMC4665563 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is an integral component of our lives due to highly prevalent sources such as medical, environmental, and/or accidental. Thus, understanding of the mechanisms by which radiation toxicity develops is crucial to address acute and chronic health problems that occur following IR exposure. Immediate formation of IR-induced free radicals as well as their persistent effects on metabolism through subsequent alterations in redox mediated inter- and intracellular processes are globally accepted as significant contributors to early and late effects of IR exposure. This includes but is not limited to cytotoxicity, genomic instability, fibrosis and inflammation. Damage to the critical biomolecules leading to detrimental long-term alterations in metabolic redox homeostasis following IR exposure has been the focus of various independent investigations over last several decades. The growth of the "omics" technologies during the past decade has enabled integration of "data from traditional radiobiology research", with data from metabolomics studies. This review will focus on the role of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an understudied redox-sensitive metabolite, plays in the pathogenesis of post-irradiation normal tissue injury as well as how the metabolomic readout of BH4 metabolism fits in the overall picture of disrupted oxidative metabolism following IR exposure.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Johnson
- Scripps
Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Scripps
Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - H. Paul Benton
- Scripps
Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps
Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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45
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Tsuyama N, Mizuno H, Katafuchi A, Abe Y, Kurosu Y, Yoshida M, Kamiya K, Sakai A. Identification of low-dose responsive metabolites in X-irradiated human B lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:46-58. [PMID: 25227127 PMCID: PMC4572603 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) induces cellular stress responses, such as signal transduction, gene expression, protein modification, and metabolite change that affect cellular behavior. We analyzed X-irradiated human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells and normal fibroblasts to search for metabolites that would be suitable IR-responsive markers by Liquid Chromotography-Mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Mass spectra, as analyzed with principal component analysis, showed that the proportion of peaks with IR-induced change was relatively small compared with the influence of culture time. Dozens of peaks that had either been upregulated or downregulated by IR were extracted as candidate IR markers. The IR-changed peaks were identified by comparing mock-treated groups to 100 mGy-irradiated groups that had recovered after 10 h, and the results indicated that the metabolites involved in nucleoside synthesis increased and that some acylcarnitine levels decreased in B lymphoblastoids. Some peaks changed by as much as 20 mGy, indicating the presence of an IR-sensitive signal transduction/metabolism control mechanism in these cells. On the other hand, we could not find common IR-changed peaks in fibroblasts of different origin. These data suggest that cell phenotype-specific pathways exist, even in low-dose responses, and could determine cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Tsuyama
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizuno
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Atsushi Katafuchi
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yu Abe
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kurosu
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Challenges of analyzing different classes of metabolites by a single analytical method. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:3393-416. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex biological samples include thousands of metabolites that range widely in both physiochemical properties and concentration. Simultaneously analyzing metabolites with different properties using a single analytical method is very challenging. The analytical process for metabolites comprises multiple steps including sampling, quenching, sample preparation, separation and detection. Each step can have a significant effect on the reliability and precision of ultimate analytic results. The aim of review is a discussion of considerations and challenges for the simultaneous analysis of metabolites using LC– and GC–MS systems. The review discusses available methodology for each analytical step, and presents the limitations and advantages of each method for the large-scale targeted metabolomics analysis of human and animal biological samples.
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Dose-dependent metabolic alterations in human cells exposed to gamma irradiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113573. [PMID: 25419661 PMCID: PMC4242643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure is a threat to public health because it causes many diseases, such as cancers and birth defects, due to genetic modification of cells. Compared with the past, a greater number of people are more frequently exposed to higher levels of radioactivity today, not least due to the increased use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiation-emitting devices. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS)-based metabolic profiling was used to investigate radiation- induced metabolic changes in human fibroblasts. After exposure to 1 and 5 Gy of γ-radiation, the irradiated fibroblasts were harvested at 24, 48, and 72 h and subjected to global metabolite profiling analysis. Mass spectral peaks of cell extracts were analyzed by pattern recognition using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that the cells irradiated with 1 Gy returned to control levels at 72 h post radiation, whereas cells irradiated with 5 Gy were quite unlike the controls; therefore, cells irradiated with 1 Gy had recovered, whereas those irradiated with 5 Gy had not. Lipid and amino acid levels increased after the higher-level radiation, indicating degradation of membranes and proteins. These results suggest that MS-based metabolite profiling of γ-radiation-exposed human cells provides insight into the global metabolic alterations in these cells.
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Goudarzi M, Mak TD, Chen C, Smilenov LB, Brenner DJ, Fornace AJ. The effect of low dose rate on metabolomic response to radiation in mice. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:645-57. [PMID: 25047638 PMCID: PMC4206600 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has been shown to have utility in assessing responses to exposure by ionizing radiation (IR) in easily accessible biofluids such as urine. Most studies to date from our laboratory and others have employed γ-irradiation at relatively high dose rates (HDR), but many environmental exposure scenarios will probably be at relatively low dose rates (LDR). There are well-documented differences in the biologic responses to LDR compared to HDR, so an important question is to assess LDR effects at the metabolomics level. Our study took advantage of a modern mass spectrometry approach in exploring the effects of dose rate on the urinary excretion levels of metabolites 2 days after IR in mice. A wide variety of statistical tools were employed to further focus on metabolites, which showed responses to LDR IR exposure (0.00309 Gy/min) distinguishable from those of HDR. From a total of 709 detected spectral features, more than 100 were determined to be statistically significant when comparing urine from mice irradiated with 1.1 or 4.45 Gy to that of sham-irradiated mice 2 days post-exposure. The results of this study show that LDR and HDR exposures perturb many of the same pathways such as TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism, which also have been implicated in our previous IR studies. However, it is important to note that dose rate did affect the levels of particular metabolites. Differences in urinary excretion levels of such metabolites could potentially be used to assess an individual's exposure in a radiobiological event and thus would have utility for both triage and injury assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Goudarzi
- Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tytus D. Mak
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Congju Chen
- Center for High-Throughput Minimally-Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lubomir B. Smilenov
- Center for High-Throughput Minimally-Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for High-Throughput Minimally-Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Laiakis EC, Strassburg K, Bogumil R, Lai S, Vreeken RJ, Hankemeier T, Langridge J, Plumb RS, Fornace AJ, Astarita G. Metabolic phenotyping reveals a lipid mediator response to ionizing radiation. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4143-54. [PMID: 25126707 PMCID: PMC4156265 DOI: 10.1021/pr5005295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation has dramatically increased in modern society, raising serious health concerns. The molecular response to ionizing radiation, however, is still not completely understood. Here, we screened mouse serum for metabolic alterations following an acute exposure to γ radiation using a multiplatform mass-spectrometry-based strategy. A global, molecular profiling revealed that mouse serum undergoes a series of significant molecular alterations following radiation exposure. We identified and quantified bioactive metabolites belonging to key biochemical pathways and low-abundance, oxygenated, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the two groups of animals. Exposure to γ radiation induced a significant increase in the serum levels of ether phosphatidylcholines (PCs) while decreasing the levels of diacyl PCs carrying PUFAs. In exposed mice, levels of pro-inflammatory, oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid increased, whereas levels of anti-inflammatory metabolites of omega-3 PUFAs decreased. Our results indicate a specific serum lipidomic biosignature that could be utilized as an indicator of radiation exposure and as novel target for therapeutic intervention. Monitoring such a molecular response to radiation exposure might have implications not only for radiation pathology but also for countermeasures and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University , Washington DC 20057, United States
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Reisz JA, Bansal N, Qian J, Zhao W, Furdui CM. Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules--mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:260-92. [PMID: 24382094 PMCID: PMC4060780 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The detrimental effects of ionizing radiation (IR) involve a highly orchestrated series of events that are amplified by endogenous signaling and culminating in oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, proteins, and many metabolites. Despite the global impact of IR, the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue damage reveal that many biomolecules are chemoselectively modified by IR. RECENT ADVANCES The development of high-throughput "omics" technologies for mapping DNA and protein modifications have revolutionized the study of IR effects on biological systems. Studies in cells, tissues, and biological fluids are used to identify molecular features or biomarkers of IR exposure and response and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their expression or synthesis. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, chemical mechanisms are described for IR-induced modifications of biomolecules along with methods for their detection. Included with the detection methods are crucial experimental considerations and caveats for their use. Additional factors critical to the cellular response to radiation, including alterations in protein expression, metabolomics, and epigenetic factors, are also discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Throughout the review, the synergy of combined "omics" technologies such as genomics and epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is highlighted. These are anticipated to lead to new hypotheses to understand IR effects on biological systems and improve IR-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Reisz
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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