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Deng H, Rao X, Zhang S, Chen L, Zong Y, Zhou R, Meng R, Dong X, Wu G, Li Q. Protein kinase CK2: An emerging regulator of cellular metabolism. Biofactors 2024; 50:624-633. [PMID: 38158592 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) exerts its influence on the metabolism of three major cellular substances by phosphorylating essential protein molecules involved in various cellular metabolic pathways. These substances include hormones, especially insulin, rate-limiting enzymes, transcription factors of key genes, and cytokines. This regulatory role of CK2 is closely tied to important cellular processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. Additionally, tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming characterized by aerobic glycolysis, accelerated lipid β-oxidation, and abnormally active glutamine metabolism. In this context, CK2, which is overexpressed in various tumors, also plays a pivotal role. Hence, this review aims to summarize the regulatory mechanisms of CK2 in diverse metabolic pathways and tumor development, providing novel insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of metabolism-related diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Deng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinrui Rao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Leichong Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Xi BX, Liu SY, Xu YT, Zhang DD, Hu Q, Liu AG. Genetic Analysis of Two Novel GPI Variants Disrupting H Bonds and Localization Characteristics of 55 Gene Variants Associated with Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Deficiency. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:426-434. [PMID: 38561594 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency is a rare hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia caused by GPI gene variants. This disorder exhibits wide heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations and molecular characteristics, often posing challenges for precise diagnoses using conventional methods. To this end, this study aimed to identify the novel variants responsible for GPI deficiency in a Chinese family. METHODS The clinical manifestations of the patient were summarized and analyzed for GPI deficiency phenotype diagnosis. Novel compound heterozygous variants of the GPI gene, c.174C>A (p.Asn58Lys) and c.1538G>T (p.Trp513Leu), were identified using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing. The AlphaFold program and Chimera software were used to analyze the effects of compound heterozygous variants on GPI structure. RESULTS By characterizing 53 GPI missense/nonsense variants from previous literature and two novel missense variants identified in this study, we found that most variants were located in exons 3, 4, 12, and 18, with a few localized in exons 8, 9, and 14. This study identified novel compound heterozygous variants associated with GPI deficiency. These pathogenic variants disrupt hydrogen bonds formed by highly conserved GPI amino acids. CONCLUSION Early family-based sequencing analyses, especially for patients with congenital anemia, can help increase diagnostic accuracy for GPI deficiency, improve child healthcare, and enable genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xin Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Si-Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Ting Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - De-Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qun Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ai-Guo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen G, Lu Y, Chen Q. Autocrine motility factor receptor promotes the malignancy of glioblastoma by regulating cell migration and invasion. Neurol Res 2024; 46:89-97. [PMID: 37703903 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the important causes of death in cancer patients is malignant metastasis, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Metastasis is also the most basic physiological characteristics and pathogenesis of various tumors. Previously published studies have suggested that autocrine motor factor receptor (AMFR) is the key regulator of tumor cell migration and invasion. Meanwhile, AMFR is highly expressed in esophageal tumors, gastrointestinal tumors, and bladder cancer, and it is also involved in its pathogenesis. However, the role of AMFR in glioblastoma has not been reported. METHODS In order to study the role of AMFR in the cell migration and invasion of glioblastoma, AMFR was silenced using siRNA and overexpressed using cDNA. Immunoblotting analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed to assess the expression of AMFR. We conducted wound healing assay, cell migration assay, and tumorsphere formation assay to detect the invasion and metastatic ability of glioblastoma. RESULTS This study found that the level of AMFR expression was significantly correlated with the malignant degree of glioma tissue in clinic samples. AMFR silencing decreased cell migration and invasion of LN229. Overexpression of AMFR significantly increased cell migration and invasion of U251. CONCLUSION This study suggests that AMFR could be used as a therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajing Lu
- Institute of geriatric medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Shegay PV, Shatova OP, Zabolotneva AA, Shestopalov AV, Kaprin AD. Moonlight functions of glycolytic enzymes in cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1076138. [PMID: 37449059 PMCID: PMC10337784 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1076138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since an extensive genome research has started, basic principle "one gene-one protein-one function" was significantly revised. Many proteins with more than one function were identified and characterized as "moonlighting" proteins, which activity depend not only on structural peculiarities but also on compartmentation and metabolic environment. It turned out that "housekeeping" glycolytic enzymes show important moonlight functions such as control of development, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, regulation of transcription and cell signaling. Glycolytic enzymes emerged very early in evolution and because of the limited content of genomes, they could be used as ancient regulators for intercellular and intracellular communication. The multifunctionality of the constitutively expressed enzymes began to serve cancer cell survival and growth. In the present review we discuss some moonlight functions of glycolytic enzymes that important for malignant transformation and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr V. Shegay
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P. Shatova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Biochemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Zabolotneva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology, Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V. Shestopalov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology, Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei D. Kaprin
- Federal State Budget Institution, National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Biochemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Zong M, Cheng Y, Ye B, Chen S, Yu S, Ding M, Lu L, Fan L. Preparation of mesoporous silica nanocarriers targeting glucose-6-phosphate isomerase inhibition and application in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:46-56. [PMID: 36610698 PMCID: PMC9993455 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) is an indicator to assist in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and monitor the disease. It also plays a key role in proliferating RA synovial tissues, pannus formation, and invasion and destruction of articular cartilage. In this study, we synthesized nanoparticles targeting G6PI (siG6PI-MSN) using mesoporous silica nanocarriers (MSN) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), followed by identifying the characteristics and functions, and preliminarily exploring their application in the treatment of RA in vivo with a type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. It showed that the synthetic functionalized carrier had a regular pore structure and a specific volume and surface area. No obvious hemolysis or toxicity of the carrier was found when its concentration was below 100 µg/ml. Cytological results in vitro suggested that siG6PI-MSN significantly inhibited G6PI expression and reduced the ability of proliferation, migration, and invasion of FLSs, compared with the siNC-MSN group. In vivo results in the CIA rat model showed that the arthritis index and degree of joint swelling among rats in the siG6PI-MSN-treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Moreover, the number of FLSs in Synovium and the levels of TNF α and IL-1 β were also significantly decreased in the siG6PI-MSN group. Histopathology of the synovial tissue and cartilage revealed siG6PI-MSN treatment significantly reduced the pathological manifestations of arthritis. In conclusion, siG6PI-MSN effectively suppresses the proliferation and invasive growth of synovial tissue and improve joint swelling and inflammatory infiltration, thereby preventing joint damage in RA. This carrier may be a new therapeutic measure for RA, with potential social and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Bei Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Saige Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Menglei Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Liu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Lieying Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
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Shatova OP, Shegay PV, Zabolotneva AA, Shestopalov AV, Kaprin AD. Evolutionary Acquisition of Multifunctionality by Glycolytic Enzymes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302301009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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Autocrine motility factor and its receptor expression in musculoskeletal tumors. J Bone Oncol 2020; 24:100318. [PMID: 33101887 PMCID: PMC7574284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of Autocrine Motility factor (AMF) and its receptor (AMFR), both triggering tumor invasion and metastasis, may alter the therapeutic concept. Here, in this review, we show a novel outlook suggesting a cross-talking between musculoskeletal tumors and the skeletal milieu regulated by AMF-AMFR signaling. This review will highlight the pharmacological need for AMF and AMFR inhibitors for patients with malignant musculoskeletal tumors.
Management of aggressive malignant musculoskeletal tumors is clinically challenging and awaits the identification of regulator(s) that can be therapeutically used to improve patient outcome. Autocrine motility factor (AMF), a secreted cytokine, is known to alter the bone microenvironment by linking to its receptor AMFR (AMF Receptor), leading to tumor progression. It was noted that both the ligand and its receptor belong to the moonlighting family of proteins, as they contribute to intracellular metabolic function such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by expressing glucose-6-phosphate isomerase AMF/GPI and higher protein degradation by expressing AMFR/gp78 functioning as ubiquitin ligase activity. Thus, AMF/GPI and AMFR/gp78 contribute to higher metabolic turnover of protein and glucose. Recently, a large-scale cohort study including 23 different histological types of musculoskeletal tumors revealed that patients with osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma tend to express higher levels of AMF, whereas multiple myeloma patients expressed high levels of AMFR. Consistently, the cellular data showed that a variety of musculoskeletal tumors express AMF and components of bone microenvironment express AMFR. Thus, a novel outlook suggests a cellular link and cross-talk between musculoskeletal tumors and the skeletal milieu are regulated by AMF-AMFR signaling. This review will highlight the pharmacological need for AMF and AMFR inhibitors as unmet medical needs for patients with malignant musculoskeletal tumors.
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Nakajima K, Raz A. Amplification of autocrine motility factor and its receptor in multiple myeloma and other musculoskeletal tumors. J Bone Oncol 2020; 23:100308. [PMID: 32714781 PMCID: PMC7378681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is a large scale cohort of the patients with malignant musculoskeletal tumors to determine the expression levels of Autocrine Motility factor (AMF) and its receptor (AMFR). We Visualization of amplified Autocrine motility factor (AMF) and its receptor (AMFR) in musculoskeletal tumors. A novel software aimed at analyzing numerous cell-to-cell and ligand-to-receptor interactions was developed, which lead to visualization of bone tumor microenvironment.
Autocrine motility factor (AMF: GPI) and its receptor AMFR (AMF Receptor: gp78) regulate the metastatic process. Here, we have tested the expression levels of AMF, AMFR, and AMF × AMFR in 1348 patients with musculoskeletal tumor. The results depicted here identified that multiple myeloma highly express AMF × AMFR value as compared with normal bone samples (p < 0.00001). To visualize the AMF × AMFR autocrine amplification in multiple myeloma microenvironment, we have developed a novel software aimed at analyzing numerous cell-to-cell and ligand-to-receptor interactions, i.e., Environmentome. It has led to the identification that myeloma-associated interactions with normal bone cells including osteoblast, osteoclast, immunological components, and others in a paracrine manner. In conclusion, the data showed that AMF × AMFR amplification is a clinical manifestation in bone microenvironment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nakajima
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute. 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Veterinary Oncology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Imabari Campus, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Avraham Raz
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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Park HS, Jeoung NH. Autocrine motility factor secreted by HeLa cells inhibits the growth of many cancer cells by regulating AKT/ERK signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:557-562. [PMID: 32113681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In cell competition, a secreted death signal can determine cell fate. However, the nature of such a signal remains unclear. In this study, conditioned medium from HeLa cells (HeLa CM) inhibited growth of A549 and MCF-7 cells. Through HeLa CM fractionation, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase/autocrine motility factor (GPI/AMF) was identified as the main growth inhibitor. Previously, AMF was known for its mitogenic, motogenic, and differentiation functions and was implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. HeLa CM lost its growth inhibitory property after treatment with erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) or anti-GPI antibody. Purified HeLa recombinant AMF (rAMF) proteins inhibited the growth of A549, MDA-MB-232, MCF-7, AsPC-1, DU145, Hep-2, Hep G2, and HT-29 cells. However, growth of HL-60, SKOV3, U-87 MG, SNU-484, U-87 MG, and 3T3-L1 cells was little affected. In a Transwell assay, HeLa rAMF effectively reduced A549 cell migration and invasion. HeLa rAMF effectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells, apparently by reducing the levels of Bcl-2, GPI, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)14 and activating caspase-3 and p53. HeLa rAMF antagonized HER2 and the AMF receptor (AMFR or GP78) in relation to the AKT/EKT signaling pathway. These results suggest that HeLa AMF could act as a diffusible death signal that could induce cancer cell-selective growth inhibition and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sung Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyungsan, 38430, South Korea.
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyungsan, 38430, South Korea
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Korshunov DA, Kondakova IV, Shashova EE. Modern Perspective on Metabolic Reprogramming in Malignant Neoplasms. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1129-1142. [PMID: 31694509 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791910002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the central features of transformed cells. Elucidation of interactions between oncogenic signaling and cell metabolic processes has become the basis for extensive studies of metabolism reprogramming in tumor tissue. The review summarizes the key results of studies on the catabolic and anabolic rearrangements in tumor cells with special emphasis on carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and acetate metabolism determining the cancer phenotype of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Korshunov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, 634009, Russia.
| | - I V Kondakova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - E E Shashova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
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Kwak SE, Shin HE, Zhang DD, Lee J, Yoon KJ, Bae JH, Moon HY, Song W. Potential role of exercise-induced glucose-6-phosphate isomerase in skeletal muscle function. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:28-33. [PMID: 31337203 PMCID: PMC6651688 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Recent studies have shown that glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)—which is a glycolysis interconversion enzyme—reduces oxidative stress. However, these studies are limited to tumors such as fibrosarcoma, and there are no studies that have examined the effects of exercise on GPI expression in mice skeletal muscle. Furthermore, GPI acts in an autocrine manner thorough its receptor, autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR); therefore, we investigated expression level changes of secreted GPI from skeletal muscle in in vitro study to examine the potential role of GPI on skeletal muscle. [Methods] First, we performed an in vitro study, to identify the condition that upregulates GPI levels in skeletal muscle cells; we treated C2C12 muscle cells with an exercise-mimicking chemical, AICAR. AICAR treatment upregulated GPI expression level in C2C12 cell and its secretomes. To confirm the direct effect of GPI on skeletal muscle cells, we treated C2C12 cells with GPI recombinant protein. [Results] We found that GPI improved the viability of C2C12 cells. In the in vivo study, the exercise-treated mice group showed upregulated GPI expression in skeletal muscle. Based on the in vitro study results, we speculated that expression level of GPI in skeletal muscle might be associated with muscle function. We analyzed the association between GPI expression level and the grip strength of the all mice group. The mice group’s grip strengths were upregulated after 2 weeks of treadmill exercise, and GPI expression level positively correlated with the grip strength. [Conclusion] These results suggested that the exercise-induced GPI expression in skeletal muscle might have a positive effect on skeletal muscle function.
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Eishi Oskouei A, Rafiee L, Mahzouni P, Gharipour M, Javanmard SH. Association between autocrine motility factor receptor gene polymorphism (rs2440472, rs373191257) and glioblastoma multiform in a representative Iranian population. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 23:96. [PMID: 30595704 PMCID: PMC6282538 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_305_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and most malignant of the glial tumors that begins primarily in brain tissue. Genetic background could be considered as an important predisposing factor in GBM. Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) is a cytokine receptor that participates in a lot of physiologic and pathologic processes like: Cellular motility and metastasis. So, it seems that this protein has an essential role in pathophysiology of several cancers and could be a potential diagnostic and or therapeutic target in GBM. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of AMFR (rs2440472, rs373191257) gene polymorphism and GBM in a representative Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This study includes 81 cases of GBM and 117 control subjects. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction - high resolution melting reaction was performed. For each single nucleotide polymorphisms, 12 samples were selected for sequencing. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and Logistic regression. Results: For rs2440472, frequency of GG genotype in the case group was increased compared to the control group (51.9% vs. 34.2% respectively, P = 0.013). After adjusting for sex and age by logistic regression our results were the same (P = 0.017, odds ratio = 2.056). Allelic frequencies for rs2440472 among cases and controls were not significantly different (P = 0.058). For rs373191257, genotypic and allelic frequencies were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion: Our results showed the possible association between the AMFR rs2440472 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Eishi Oskouei
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Mahzouni
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Gharipour
- Division of Genetic Studies, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medicine Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Chhangani D, Amanullah A, Sharan RN, Mishra A. Gp78 involvement in cellular proliferation: Can act as a promising modulator for cell cycle regulatory proteins? J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6352-6368. [PMID: 29741771 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In cells, protein synthesis and degradation are normal processes, which are tightly regulated by various cellular metabolic pathways. Cellular protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms always present a continuous and rigorous check over all intracellular proteins before they can participate in various cellular physiological processes with the help of PQC pathways like autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The UPS employs few selective E3 ubiquitin ligases for the intracellular degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1 ) that tightly controls cell cycle progression. But, the complex mechanistic interactions and the interplay between E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the functional regulation as well as expression of p27 are not well known. Here, we demonstrate that cell surface glycoprotein Gp78, a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in the stabilization of intracellular steady-state levels of p27. Transient overexpression of Gp78 increases the accumulation of p27 in cells in the form of massive inclusions like structures, which could be due to its cumulative increased stability in cells. We have also monitored how under stress condition, E3 ubiquitin ligase Gp78 regulates endogenous levels of p27 in cells. ER stress treatment generates a marginal increase in Gp78 endogenous levels, and this elevation effect was prominent for intracellular accumulation of p27 in cells. Taken together, our current findings suggest a valuable multifactorial regulatory mechanism and linkage of p27 with UPS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chhangani
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ayeman Amanullah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Chen J, Hu X, Cui J. Shikonin, vitamin K 3 and vitamin K 5 inhibit multiple glycolytic enzymes in MCF-7 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7423-7432. [PMID: 29725454 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is the most important source of energy for the production of anabolic building blocks in cancer cells. Therefore, glycolytic enzymes are regarded as potential targets for cancer treatment. Previously, naphthaquinones, including shikonin, vitamin K3 and vitamin K5, have been proven to decrease the rate of glycolysis in cancer cells, which is partly due to suppressed pyruvate kinase activity. In the present study, enzymatic assays were performed using MCF-7 cell lysate in order to screen the profile of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells inhibited by shikonin, vitamin K3 and vitamin K5, in addition to pyruvate kinase. Results revealed that hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase produced in the process of glycolysis were inhibited by shikonin, vitamin K3 and vitamin K5. The results indicated that shikonin, vitamin K3 and vitamin K5 are chemical inhibitors of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells and have potential uses in translational medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P.R. China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
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15
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Regulation of Immune Cell Functions by Metabolic Reprogramming. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8605471. [PMID: 29651445 PMCID: PMC5831954 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8605471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings show that the metabolic status of immune cells can determine immune responses. Metabolic reprogramming between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, previously speculated as exclusively observable in cancer cells, exists in various types of immune and stromal cells in many different pathological conditions other than cancer. The microenvironments of cancer, obese adipose, and wound-repairing tissues share common features of inflammatory reactions. In addition, the metabolic changes in macrophages and T cells are now regarded as crucial for the functional plasticity of the immune cells and responsible for the progression and regression of many pathological processes, notably cancer. It is possible that metabolic changes in the microenvironment induced by other cellular components are responsible for the functional plasticity of immune cells. This review explores the molecular mechanisms responsible for metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and T cells and also provides a summary of recent updates with regard to the functional modulation of the immune cells by metabolic changes in the microenvironment, notably the tumor microenvironment.
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16
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Devillers M, Ahmad L, Korri-Youssoufi H, Salmon L. Carbohydrate-based electrochemical biosensor for detection of a cancer biomarker in human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 96:178-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Kumar A, Mishra A. Gp78 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase: Essential Functions and Contributions in Proteostasis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:259. [PMID: 28890687 PMCID: PMC5575403 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As per the requirement of metabolism and fitness, normal cellular functions are controlled by several proteins, and their interactive molecular and signaling events at multiple levels. Protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms ensure the correct folding and proper utilization of these proteins to avoid their misfolding and aggregation. To maintain the optimum environment of complex proteome PQC system employs various E3 ubiquitin ligases for the selective degradation of aberrant proteins. Glycoprotein 78 (Gp78) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that prevents multifactorial deleterious accumulation of different misfolded proteins via endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). However, the precise role of Gp78 under stress conditions to avoid bulk misfolded aggregation is unclear, which can act as a crucial resource to establish the dynamic nature of the proteome. Present article systematically explains the detailed molecular characterization of Gp78 and also addresses its various cellular physiological functions, which could be crucial to achieving protein homeostasis. Here, we comprehensively represent the current findings of Gp78, which shows its PQC roles in different physiological functions and diseases; and thereby propose novel opportunities to better understand the unsolved questions for therapeutic interventions linked with different protein misfolding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology IndoreIndore, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
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18
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Manco L, Bento C, Victor BL, Pereira J, Relvas L, Brito RM, Seabra C, Maia TM, Ribeiro ML. Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia caused by red cell glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency in two Portuguese patients: Clinical features and molecular study. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 60:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tian K, Zhong W, Zhang Y, Yin B, Zhang W, Liu H. Microfluidics‑based optimization of neuroleukin‑mediated regulation of articular chondrocyte proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:67-74. [PMID: 26573126 PMCID: PMC4686044 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the low proliferative and migratory capacities of chondrocytes, cartilage repair remains a challenging clinical problem. Current therapeutic strategies for cartilage repair result in unsatisfactory outcomes. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a cell based therapy that relies on the in vitro expansion of healthy chondrocytes from the patient, during which proliferation-promoting factors are frequently used. Neuroleukin (NLK) is a multifunctional protein that possesses growth factor functions, and its expression has been associated with cartilage development and bone regeneration, however its direct role in chondrocyte proliferation remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, the role of NLK in chondrocyte proliferation in vitro in addition to its potential to act as an exogenous factor during ACI was investigated. Furthermore, the concentration of NLK for in vitro chondrocyte culture was optimized using a microfluidic device. An NLK concentration of 12.85 ng/ml was observed to provide optimal conditions for the promotion of chondrocyte proliferation. Additionally, NLK stimulation resulted in an increase in type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes, which is a cartilaginous secretion marker and associated with the phenotype of chondrocytes. Together these data suggest that NLK is able to promote cell proliferation and type II collagen synthesis during in vitro chondrocyte propagation, and thus may serve as an exogenous factor for ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Baosheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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20
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Brodkin HR, DeLateur NA, Somarowthu S, Mills CL, Novak WR, Beuning PJ, Ringe D, Ondrechen MJ. Prediction of distal residue participation in enzyme catalysis. Protein Sci 2015; 24:762-78. [PMID: 25627867 PMCID: PMC4420525 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A scoring method for the prediction of catalytically important residues in enzyme structures is presented and used to examine the participation of distal residues in enzyme catalysis. Scores are based on the Partial Order Optimum Likelihood (POOL) machine learning method, using computed electrostatic properties, surface geometric features, and information obtained from the phylogenetic tree as input features. Predictions of distal residue participation in catalysis are compared with experimental kinetics data from the literature on variants of the featured enzymes; some additional kinetics measurements are reported for variants of Pseudomonas putida nitrile hydratase (ppNH) and for Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP). The multilayer active sites of P. putida nitrile hydratase and of human phosphoglucose isomerase are predicted by the POOL log ZP scores, as is the single-layer active site of P. putida ketosteroid isomerase. The log ZP score cutoff utilized here results in over-prediction of distal residue involvement in E. coli alkaline phosphatase. While fewer experimental data points are available for P. putida mandelate racemase and for human carbonic anhydrase II, the POOL log ZP scores properly predict the previously reported participation of distal residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Brodkin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, Massachusetts, 02115
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis UniversityWaltham, Massachusetts, 02454–9110
- Department of Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis UniversityWaltham, Massachusetts, 02454–9110
| | - Nicholas A DeLateur
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Srinivas Somarowthu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Caitlyn L Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Walter R Novak
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis UniversityWaltham, Massachusetts, 02454–9110
- Department of Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis UniversityWaltham, Massachusetts, 02454–9110
| | - Penny J Beuning
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Dagmar Ringe
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis UniversityWaltham, Massachusetts, 02454–9110
- Department of Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis UniversityWaltham, Massachusetts, 02454–9110
| | - Mary Jo Ondrechen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, Massachusetts, 02115
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21
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The danger model approach to the pathogenesis of the rheumatic diseases. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:506089. [PMID: 25973436 PMCID: PMC4417989 DOI: 10.1155/2015/506089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The danger model was proposed by Polly Matzinger as complement to the traditional self-non-self- (SNS-) model to explain the immunoreactivity. The danger model proposes a central role of the tissular cells' discomfort as an element to prime the immune response processes in opposition to the traditional SNS-model where foreignness is a prerequisite. However recent insights in the proteomics of diverse tissular cells have revealed that under stressful conditions they have a significant potential to initiate, coordinate, and perpetuate autoimmune processes, in many cases, ruling over the adaptive immune response cells; this ruling potential can also be confirmed by observations in several genetically manipulated animal models. Here, we review the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease and provide realistic approaches based on the logic of the danger model. We assume that tissular dysfunction is a prerequisite for chronic autoimmunity and propose two genetically conferred hypothetical roles for the tissular cells causing the disease: (A) the Impaired cell and (B) the paranoid cell. Both roles are not mutually exclusive. Some examples in human disease and in animal models are provided based on current evidence.
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22
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Alfarouk KO, Verduzco D, Rauch C, Muddathir AK, Adil HHB, Elhassan GO, Ibrahim ME, David Polo Orozco J, Cardone RA, Reshkin SJ, Harguindey S. Glycolysis, tumor metabolism, cancer growth and dissemination. A new pH-based etiopathogenic perspective and therapeutic approach to an old cancer question. Oncoscience 2014; 1:777-802. [PMID: 25621294 PMCID: PMC4303887 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire an unusual glycolytic behavior relative, to a large extent, to their intracellular alkaline pH (pHi). This effect is part of the metabolic alterations found in most, if not all, cancer cells to deal with unfavorable conditions, mainly hypoxia and low nutrient supply, in order to preserve its evolutionary trajectory with the production of lactate after ten steps of glycolysis. Thus, cancer cells reprogram their cellular metabolism in a way that gives them their evolutionary and thermodynamic advantage. Tumors exist within a highly heterogeneous microenvironment and cancer cells survive within any of the different habitats that lie within tumors thanks to the overexpression of different membrane-bound proton transporters. This creates a highly abnormal and selective proton reversal in cancer cells and tissues that is involved in local cancer growth and in the metastatic process. Because of this environmental heterogeneity, cancer cells within one part of the tumor may have a different genotype and phenotype than within another part. This phenomenon has frustrated the potential of single-target therapy of this type of reductionist therapeutic approach over the last decades. Here, we present a detailed biochemical framework on every step of tumor glycolysis and then proposea new paradigm and therapeutic strategy based upon the dynamics of the hydrogen ion in cancer cells and tissues in order to overcome the old paradigm of one enzyme-one target approach to cancer treatment. Finally, a new and integral explanation of the Warburg effect is advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cyril Rauch
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Gamal O. Elhassan
- Unizah Pharmacy Collage, Qassim University, Unizah, AL-Qassim, King of Saudi Arabia
- Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
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23
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You ZM, Zhao L, Xia J, Wei Q, Liu YM, Liu XY, Chen DL, Li J. Down-regulation of phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor enhances gensenoside Rh2 pharmacological action on leukemia KG1α cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1099-104. [PMID: 24606425 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.3.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Ginsenoside Rh2, which exerts the potent anticancer action both in vitro and in vivo, is one of the most well characterized ginsenosides extracted from ginseng. Although its effects on cancer are significant, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we sought to elucidate possible links between ginsenoside Rh2 and phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF). METHODS KG1α, a leukemia cell line highly expressing PGI/AMF was assessed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription- PCR (RT-PCR) assay after transfection of a small interfering (si)-RNA to silence PGI/AMF. The effect of PGI/ AMF on proliferation was measured by typan blue assay and antibody array. A cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and flow cytometry (FCM) were adopted to investigate the effects of Rh2 on PGI/AMF. The relationships between PGI/AMF and Rh2 associated with Akt, mTOR, Raptor, Rag were detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS KG1α cells expressed PGI/AMF and its down-regulation significantly inhibited proliferation. The antibody array indicated that the probable mechanism was reduced expression of PARP, State1, SAPK/JNK and Erk1/2, while those of PRAS40 and p38 were up-regulated. Silencing of PGI/AMF enhanced the sensibility of KG1α to Rh2 by suppressing the expression of mTOR, Raptor and Akt. CONCLUSION These results suggested that ginsenoside Rh2 suppressed the proliferation of KG1α, the same as down-regulation of PGI/AMF. Down-regulation of PGI/ AMF enhanced the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on KG1α by reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Mei You
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China E-mail : ,
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24
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Song M, Yin Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Bian Z, Quan C, Zhou L, Hu Y, Wang Q, Ni S, Fei B, Wang W, Du X, Hua D, Huang Z. MiR-139-5p inhibits migration and invasion of colorectal cancer by downregulating AMFR and NOTCH1. Protein Cell 2014; 5:851-61. [PMID: 25149074 PMCID: PMC4225484 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that exert function by posttranscriptional suppression have recently brought insight in our understanding of the role of non-protein-coding RNAs in carcinogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we described the function and molecular mechanism of miR-139-5p in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its potential clinical application in CRC. We found that miR-139-5p was significantly downregulated in 73.8% CRC samples compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (NCTs), and decreased miR-139-5p was associated with poor prognosis. Functional analyses demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-139-5p suppressed CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-139-5p suppress CRC cell invasion and metastasis by targeting AMFR and NOTCH1. Knockdown of the two genes phenocopied the inhibitory effect of miR-139-5p on CRC metastasis. Furthermore, the protein levels of the two genes were upregulated in CRC samples compared with NCTs, and inversely correlated with the miR-139-5p expression. Increased NOTCH1 protein expression was correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. Together, our data indicate that miR-139-5p is a potential tumor suppressor and prognostic factor for CRC, and targeting miR-139-5p may repress the metastasis of CRC and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Song
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, China
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25
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GPI/AMF inhibition blocks the development of the metastatic phenotype of mature multi-cellular tumor spheroids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1043-53. [PMID: 24440856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cellular invasiveness are two pivotal processes for the development of metastatic tumor phenotypes. The metastatic profile of non-metastatic MCF-7 cells growing as multi-cellular tumor microspheroids (MCTSs) was analyzed by determining the contents of the EMT, invasive and migratory proteins, as well as their migration and invasiveness potential and capacity to secrete active cytokines such as the glucose phosphate isomerase/AMF (GPI/AMF). As for the control, the same analysis was also performed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (highly metastatic, MDA) monolayer cells, and in stage IIIB and IV human metastatic breast biopsies. The proliferative cell layers (PRL) of mature MCF-7 MCTSs, MDA monolayer cells and metastatic biopsies exhibited increased cellular contents (2-15 times) of EMT (β-catenin, SNAIL), migratory (vimentin, cytokeratin, and fibronectin) and invasive (MMP-1, VEGF) proteins versus MCF-7 monolayer cells, quiescent cell layers of mature MCF-7 MCTS and non-metastatic breast biopsies. The increase in metastatic proteins correlated with substantially elevated cellular abilities for migration (18-times) and invasiveness (13-times) and with the higher level (6-times) of the cytokine GPI/AMF in the extracellular medium of PRL, as compared to MCF-7 monolayer cells. Interestingly, the addition of the GPI/AMF inhibitors erythrose-4-phosphate or 6-phosphogluconate at micromolar doses significantly decreased its extracellular activity (>80%), with a concomitant diminution in the metastatic protein content and migratory tumor cell capacity, and with no inhibitory effect on tumor lactate production or toxicity on 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. The present findings provide new insights into the discovery of metabolic inhibitors to be used as complementary therapy against metastatic and aggressive tumors.
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26
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Raphael I, Mahesula S, Kalsaria K, Kotagiri V, Purkar AB, Anjanappa M, Shah D, Pericherla V, Jadhav YLA, Raghunathan R, Vaynberg M, Noriega D, Grimaldo NH, Wenk C, Gelfond JAL, Forsthuber TG, Haskins WE. Microwave and magnetic (M(2) ) proteomics of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis. Electrophoresis 2013; 33:3810-9. [PMID: 23161666 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that quantitative MS/MS-based proteomics at multiple time points, incorporating rapid microwave and magnetic (M(2) ) sample preparation, could enable relative protein expression to be correlated to disease progression in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of multiple sclerosis. To test our hypothesis, microwave-assisted reduction/alkylation/digestion of proteins from brain tissue lysates bound to C8 magnetic beads and microwave-assisted isobaric chemical labeling were performed of released peptides, in 90 s prior to unbiased proteomic analysis. Disease progression in EAE was assessed by scoring clinical EAE disease severity and confirmed by histopathologic evaluation for central nervous system inflammation. Decoding the expression of 283 top-ranked proteins (p <0.05) at each time point relative to their expression at the peak of disease, from a total of 1191 proteins observed in four technical replicates, revealed a strong statistical correlation to EAE disease score, particularly for the following four proteins that closely mirror disease progression: 14-3-3ε (p = 3.4E-6); GPI (p = 2.1E-5); PLP1 (p = 8.0E-4); PRX1 (p = 1.7E-4). These results were confirmed by Western blotting, signaling pathway analysis, and hierarchical clustering of EAE risk groups. While validation in a larger cohort is underway, we conclude that M(2) proteomics is a rapid method to quantify putative prognostic/predictive protein biomarkers and therapeutic targets of disease progression in the EAE animal model of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Raphael
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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27
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Abstract
Moonlighting--the performance of more than one function by a single protein--is becoming recognized as a common phenomenon with important implications for systems biology and human health. The different functions of a moonlighting protein may use different regions of the protein structure, or alternative structures that occur due to post-translational modifications and/or differences in binding partners. Often the different functions of moonlighting proteins are used at different times or in different places. The existence of moonlighting functions complicates efforts to understand metabolic and regulatory networks, as well as physiological and pathological processes in organisms. Because moonlighting functions can play important roles in disease processes, an improved understanding of moonlighting proteins will provide new opportunities for pharmacological manipulations that specifically target a function involved in pathology while sparing physiologically important functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley D Copley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Granchi C, Minutolo F. Anticancer agents that counteract tumor glycolysis. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1318-50. [PMID: 22684868 PMCID: PMC3516916 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Can we consider cancer to be a "metabolic disease"? Tumors are the result of a metabolic selection, forming tissues composed of heterogeneous cells that generally express an overactive metabolism as a common feature. In fact, cancer cells have increased needs for both energy and biosynthetic intermediates to support their growth and invasiveness. However, their high proliferation rate often generates regions that are insufficiently oxygenated. Therefore, their carbohydrate metabolism must rely mostly on a glycolytic process that is uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic switch, also known as the Warburg effect, constitutes a fundamental adaptation of tumor cells to a relatively hostile environment, and supports the evolution of aggressive and metastatic phenotypes. As a result, tumor glycolysis may constitute an attractive target for cancer therapy. This approach has often raised concerns that antiglycolytic agents may cause serious side effects toward normal cells. The key to selective action against cancer cells can be found in their hyperbolic addiction to glycolysis, which may be exploited to generate new anticancer drugs with minimal toxicity. There is growing evidence to support many glycolytic enzymes and transporters as suitable candidate targets for cancer therapy. Herein we review some of the most relevant antiglycolytic agents that have been investigated thus far for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa (Italy)
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa (Italy)
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Kounelakis MG, Zervakis ME, Giakos GC, Postma GJ, Buydens LMC, Kotsiakis X. On the relevance of glycolysis process on brain gliomas. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2012; 17:128-35. [PMID: 22614725 DOI: 10.1109/titb.2012.2199128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The proposed analysis considers aspects of both statistical and biological validation of the glycolysis effect on brain gliomas, at both genomic and metabolic level. In particular, two independent datasets are analyzed in parallel, one engaging genomic (Microarray Expression) data and the other metabolomic (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging) data. The aim of this study is twofold. First to show that, apart from the already studied genes (markers), other genes such as those involved in the human cell glycolysis significantly contribute in gliomas discrimination. Second, to demonstrate how the glycolysis process can open new ways towards the design of patient-specific therapeutic protocols. The results of our analysis demonstrate that the combination of genes participating in the glycolytic process (ALDOA, ALDOC, ENO2, GAPDH, HK2, LDHA, LDHB, MDH1, PDHB, PFKM, PGI, PGK1, PGM1 and PKLR) with the already known tumor suppressors (PTEN, Rb, TP53), oncogenes (CDK4, EGFR, PDGF) and HIF-1, enhance the discrimination of low versus high-grade gliomas providing high prediction ability in a cross-validated framework. Following these results and supported by the biological effect of glycolytic genes on cancer cells, we address the study of glycolysis for the development of new treatment protocols.
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Gunja NJ, Dujari D, Chen A, Luengo A, Fong JV, Hung CT. Migration responses of outer and inner meniscus cells to applied direct current electric fields. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:103-11. [PMID: 21710605 PMCID: PMC3387281 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Injuries to the inner regions of the knee meniscus do not heal and can result in degenerative changes to the articular surface, ultimately leading to osteoarthritis. A possible stimulus to enhance meniscus healing is to use electric fields that induce galvanotaxis. In this study, a novel characterization of the effects of direct current electric fields on migration characteristics of meniscus cells was performed. Primary and passaged inner and outer meniscus cells were exposed to varying electric field strengths from 0 to 6 V/cm. Cell migration was tracked using time lapse digital photography, and cell displacement and cathodal direct velocity were quantified. Cytoskeletal staining was performed to examine actin distribution and nuclear content. Cell adhesion strength was quantified as a function of wall shear stress. Meniscus cells exhibited cathodal migration and cell elongation perpendicular to the applied electric field accompanied by actin reorganization. Outer meniscus cells migrated quicker and exhibited lower adhesion strengths when compared to inner meniscus cells. Passaged cells exhibited higher migration characteristics when compared to primary cells. Overall, this study demonstrated that electric fields can significantly enhance and direct meniscus cell migration and suggests the potential for their incorporation in strategies of meniscus repair and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmuddin J Gunja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Somarowthu S, Brodkin HR, D’Aquino JA, Ringe D, Ondrechen MJ, Beuning PJ. A Tale of Two Isomerases: Compact versus Extended Active Sites in Ketosteroid Isomerase and Phosphoglucose Isomerase. Biochemistry 2011; 50:9283-95. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201089v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Somarowthu
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Heather R. Brodkin
- Departments of Biochemistry
and Chemistry and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110,
United States
| | - J. Alejandro D’Aquino
- Departments of Biochemistry
and Chemistry and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110,
United States
| | - Dagmar Ringe
- Departments of Biochemistry
and Chemistry and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110,
United States
| | - Mary Jo Ondrechen
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Center for
Interdisciplinary Research
on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Penny J. Beuning
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Center for
Interdisciplinary Research
on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Bacterial virulence in the moonlight: multitasking bacterial moonlighting proteins are virulence determinants in infectious disease. Infect Immun 2011; 79:3476-91. [PMID: 21646455 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00179-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Men may not be able to multitask, but it is emerging that proteins can. This capacity of proteins to exhibit more than one function is termed protein moonlighting, and, surprisingly, many highly conserved proteins involved in metabolic regulation or the cell stress response have a range of additional biological actions which are involved in bacterial virulence. This review highlights the multiple roles exhibited by a range of bacterial proteins, such as glycolytic and other metabolic enzymes and molecular chaperones, and the role that such moonlighting activity plays in the virulence characteristics of a number of important human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Ahmad A, Aboukameel A, Kong D, Wang Z, Sethi S, Chen W, Sarkar FH, Raz A. Phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulated by miR-200 in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3400-9. [PMID: 21389093 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF) plays an important role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and is associated with invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. We have previously shown its role in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells, which led to increased aggressiveness; however, the molecular mechanism by which PGI/AMF regulates EMT is not known. Here we show, for the first time, that PGI/AMF overexpression led to an increase in the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB, which, in turn, led to increased expression of ZEB1/ZEB2. The microRNA-200s (miR-200s) miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-200c are known to negatively regulate the expression of ZEB1/ZEB2, and we found that the expression of miR-200s was lost in PGI/AMF overexpressing MCF-10A cells and in highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells, which was consistent with increased expression of ZEB1/ZEB2. Moreover, silencing of PGI/AMF expression in MDA-MB-231 cells led to overexpression of miR-200s, which was associated with reversal of EMT phenotype (i.e., mesenchymal-epithelial transition), and these findings were consistent with alterations in the relative expression of epithelial (E-cadherin) and mesenchymal (vimentin, ZEB1, ZEB2) markers and decreased aggressiveness as judged by clonogenic, motility, and invasion assays. Moreover, either reexpression of miR-200 or silencing of PGI/AMF suppressed pulmonary metastases of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo, and anti-miR-200 treatment in vivo resulted in increased metastases. Collectively, these results suggest a role of miR-200s in PGI/AMF-induced EMT and thus approaches for upregulation of miR-200s could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of highly invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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35
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Sato K, Saida K, Yanagawa T, Fukuda T, Shirakura K, Shinozaki H, Watanabe H. Differential Responses of Myogenic C2C12 Cells to Hypoxia between Growth and Muscle-Induction Phases: Growth, Differentiation and Motility. J Phys Ther Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.23.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sato
- Course of Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kosuke Saida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gunma University School of Health Sciences
| | - Takashi Yanagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Course of Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Cytopathology, Gunma University School of Health Sciences
| | - Kenji Shirakura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiromitsu Shinozaki
- Course of Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Nursing, Gunma University School of Health Sciences
| | - Hideomi Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gunma University School of Health Sciences
- Course of Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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36
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Stadelmann B, Spiliotis M, Müller J, Scholl S, Müller N, Gottstein B, Hemphill A. Echinococcus multilocularis phosphoglucose isomerase (EmPGI): A glycolytic enzyme involved in metacestode growth and parasite–host cell interactions. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1563-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) performance and fitness effects among Arthropods and its potential role as an adaptive marker in conservation genetics. CONSERV GENET 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Characterization of the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) gene from the halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:911-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Identification of novel oocyte and granulosa cell markers. Gene Expr Patterns 2009; 9:404-10. [PMID: 19539053 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we present novel gene expression patterns in the ovary as part of an ongoing assessment of published micro-array data from mouse oocytes and embryos. We present the expression patterns of 13 genes that had been determined by micro-array to be expressed in the mature egg, but not during subsequent preimplantation development. In-situ hybridization of sectioned ovaries revealed that these genes were expressed in one of two distinct patterns: (1) oocyte-specific or (2) expressed in both the oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. Despite the fact that micro-array data demonstrated expression in the egg, several of these genes are expressed at low levels in the oocyte, but strongly expressed in granulosa cells. Eleven of these genes have no reported function or expression during oogenesis, indicating that this approach is a necessary step towards functional annotation of the genome. Also of note is that while some of these gene products have been well characterized in other tissues and cell types, others are relatively unstudied in the literature. Our results provide novel gene expression information that may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of follicular recruitment, oocyte maturation and ovulation and will direct further experimentation into the role these genes play during oogenesis.
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40
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Lin WW, Chen LH, Chen MC, Kao HW. Differential expression of zebrafish gpia and gpib during development. Gene Expr Patterns 2009; 9:238-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Tennant DA, Durán RV, Boulahbel H, Gottlieb E. Metabolic transformation in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1269-80. [PMID: 19321800 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2000, Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg published a review detailing the six hallmarks of cancer. These are six phenotypes that a tumour requires in order to become a fully fledged malignancy: persistent growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, unlimited replicative potential, angiogenesis and invasion and metastasis. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these phenotypes do not portray the whole story and that other hallmarks are necessary: one of which is a shift in cellular metabolism. The tumour environment creates a unique collection of stresses to which cells must adapt in order to survive. This environment is formed by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells, which ignore the cues that would create normal tissue architecture. As a result, the cells forming the tumour are exposed to low oxygen and nutrient levels, as well as high levels of toxic cellular waste products, which is thought to propel cells towards a more transformed phenotype, resistant to cell death and pro-metastatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Tennant
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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42
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Kammasud N, Boonyarat C, Sanphanya K, Utsintong M, Tsunoda S, Sakurai H, Saiki I, André I, Grierson DS, Vajragupta O. 5-Substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, an inhibitor against three receptor tyrosine kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:745-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Gaowa S, Zhang S. Identification, expression, function and localization of a DUF985 domain-containing hypothetical gene from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 152:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang Y, Qiu Y, Ren W, Gong J, Chen F. An identification of stem cell-resembling gene expression profiles in high-grade astrocytomas. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:893-903. [PMID: 18395814 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High-grade astrocytomas are among the most intractable types of cancers and are often fatal. Previous studies have suggested that high-grade astrocytomas may adopt the self-renewal and migration properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) to proliferate and spread by expressing the stem cell-specific genes. However, despite a few common molecules being documented, the molecular basis underlying these similarities remains largely unknown. To have a better understanding of the stem cell characteristics of high-grade astrocytomas, we performed the study to identify the stem cell-resembling gene expression profile in high-grade astrocytomas. cDNA microarray analysis was used to detect the differentially expressed genes of isolated human high-grade astrocytomas versus their peritumoral tissue counterparts, and the identification of stem cell-resembling genes was approached by comparing the high-grade astrocytomas-specific gene expression profile with that of NSCs identified by our previous study and other groups. We identified more than 200 high-grade astrocytomas-specific genes in this study, and near 10% genes or gene families of them exhibited similar up or down expression patterns as in NSCs. Further analysis indicated that these genes were actively involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and metastasis. This study revealed a list of stem cell-specific genes in high-grade astrocytomas, which was likely to have critical roles in determining the "stem" characteristics of high-grade astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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45
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Drug development against metastasis-related genes and their pathways: a rationale for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1786:87-104. [PMID: 18692117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that the majority of cancer related deaths is caused by metastatic diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of therapeutic intervention specifically targeted to the metastatic process. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in this research field, and many new concepts have emerged that shed light on the molecular mechanism of metastasis cascade which is often portrayed as a succession of six distinct steps; localized invasion, intravasation, translocation, extravasation, micrometastasis and colonization. Successful metastasis is dependent on the balance and complex interplay of both the metastasis promoters and suppressors in each step. Therefore, the basic strategy of our interventions is aimed at either blocking the promoters or potentiating the suppressors in this disease process. Toward this goal, various kinds of antibodies and small molecules have been designed. These include agents that block the ligand-recepter interaction of metastasis promoters (HGF/c-Met), antagonize the metastasis-promoting enzymes (AMF, uPA and MMP) and inhibit the transcriptional activity of metastasis promoter (beta-Catenin). On the other hand, the intriguing roles of metastasis suppressors and their signal pathways have been extensively studied and various attempts have been made to potentiate these factors. Small molecules have been developed to restore the expression or mimic the function of metastasis-suppressor genes such as NM23, E-cadherin, Kiss-1, MKK4 and NDRG1, and some of them are under clinical trials. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular pathway of tumor metastasis and discusses strategies and recent development of anti-metastatic drugs.
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46
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Nutrigenomic basis of beneficial effects of chromium(III) on obesity and diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 317:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Shih WL, Liao MH, Yu FL, Lin PY, Hsu HY, Chiu SJ. AMF/PGI transactivates the MMP-3 gene through the activation of Src-RhoA-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling to induce hepatoma cell migration. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:202-17. [PMID: 18571835 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that AMF/PGI induces hepatoma cell migration through the induction of MMP-3. This work investigates how AMF/PGI activates the MMP-3 gene. We demonstrated that AMF/PGI transactivates the MMP-3 gene promoter through AP-1. The transactivation and induction of cell migration effect of AMF/PGI directly correlates with its enzymatic activity. Various analyses showed that AMF/PGI stimulated the Src-RhoA-PI3-kinase signaling pathway, and these three signaling molecules could form a complex. Our results demonstrate a new mechanism of AMF/PGI-induced cell migration and a link between Src-RhoA-PI3-kinase, AP-1, MMP-3 and hepatoma cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Shih
- Graduate Institute, Department of Life Science, Tzu-Chi University, 701 Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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48
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Bhattacharyya A, McMillan E, Wallace K, Tubon TC, Capowski EE, Svendsen CN. Normal Neurogenesis but Abnormal Gene Expression in Human Fragile X Cortical Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:107-17. [PMID: 18225979 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human stem and progenitor cells offer an innovative way to study early events in development. An exciting new opportunity for these cells is their application to study the underlying developmental consequences of genetic diseases. Because many diseases, ranging from leukemias to developmental disorders, are caused by single-gene defects, stem and progenitor cells that carry disease-causing genetic mutations are invaluable in understanding and treating disease. We have characterized human neural progenitor (hNPCs) cells that carry a single-gene defect that leads to the neurodevelopmental disorder Fragile X syndrome (FX). A loss-of-function mutation in the FMR1 gene leads to subtle changes in neural development and subsequent mental impairment characteristic of FX. hNPCs were isolated from fetal cortex carrying the FMR1 mutation to determine whether aberrations occur in their proliferation and differentiation. As expected, FX hNPCs have reduced expression of the FMR1 gene product Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and this decrease is maintained in culture and following differentiation. In contrast to a previously published report, the proliferation of FX hNPCs and their differentiation into neurons is not different from unaffected controls. Although the early development of FX hNPCs is essentially normal, microarray analysis reveals novel changes in the expression of signal transduction genes in FX hNPCs. Therefore, hNPCs have intrinsic characteristics that can be investigated to further our understanding and potential treatment of developmental disorders such as FX.
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49
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Prognostic significance of 18F-FDG uptake in primary osteosarcoma after but not before chemotherapy: a possible association with autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase expression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 25:427-35. [PMID: 18301993 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a significant prognostic factor for osteosarcoma (OS). 18-F-fluorodeoxy-D: -glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging modality that correlates with histological grading in musculoskeletal sarcomas. To determine the prognostic value of FDG PET in patients receiving chemotherapy, 13 patients were evaluated by FDG-PET, and followed for more than 4 years. FDG PET standardized uptake values before (SUV1) and after (SUV2) chemotherapy were analyzed and correlated with the expression of metastasis-related glycolytic enzyme, autocrine motility factor (AMF)/phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) by immunohistochemical examination in surgically excised tumors. Although mean SUV1 for OS patients with metastatic lesions were similar to those in the completely disease-free (CDF) group (6.5 vs. 6.6, respectively, P = 0.975), mean SUV2 for OS with metastatic lesions were significantly higher than those in the CDF group (5.1 vs. 2.5, respectively, P = 0.0445). Interestingly, immunohistochemical analysis using anti-AMF/PGI antibody revealed that SUV2 correlated significantly with the AMF/PGI staining titers (P = 0.0303), while no correlation between SUV1 and the AMF/PGI staining titers existed (P = 0.964). The present study suggests that FDG PET after chemotherapy may provide information for AMF/PGI-related metastatic potentiality of residual tumors located out side of the area surgically resected afterward, and then lead to a useful prediction of the patients' prognosis.
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50
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Goetz JG, Genty H, St-Pierre P, Dang T, Joshi B, Sauvé R, Vogl W, Nabi IR. Reversible interactions between smooth domains of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are regulated by physiological cytosolic Ca2+ levels. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:3553-64. [PMID: 17895372 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3F3A monoclonal antibody to autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) labels mitochondria-associated smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. siRNA down-regulation of AMFR expression reduces mitochondria-associated 3F3A labelling. The 3F3A-labelled ER domain does not overlap with reticulon-labelled ER tubules, the nuclear membrane or perinuclear ER markers and only partially overlaps with the translocon component Sec61alpha. Upon overexpression of FLAG-tagged AMFR, 3F3A labelling is mitochondria associated, excluded from the perinuclear ER and co-distributes with reticulon. 3F3A labelling therefore defines a distinct mitochondria-associated ER domain. Elevation of free cytosolic Ca(2+) levels with ionomycin promotes dissociation of 3F3A-labelled tubules from mitochondria and, judged by electron microscopy, disrupts close contacts (<50 nm) between smooth ER tubules and mitochondria. The ER tubule-mitochondria association is similarly disrupted upon thapsigargin-induced release of ER Ca(2+) stores or purinergic receptor stimulation by ATP. The inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] receptor (IP3R) colocalises to 3F3A-labelled mitochondria-associated ER tubules, and conditions that induce ER tubule-mitochondria dissociation disrupt continuity between 3F3A- and IP3R-labelled ER domains. RAS-transformed NIH-3T3 cells have increased basal cytosolic Ca(2+) levels and show dissociation of the 3F3A-labelled, but not IP3R-labelled, ER from mitochondria. Our data indicate that regulation of the ER-mitochondria association by free cytosolic Ca(2+) is a characteristic of smooth ER domains and that multiple mechanisms regulate the interaction between these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky G Goetz
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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