1
|
Atallah MN, Badawy GM, Abdallah FS, El-Borm HT. Assessment of methomyl-induced adrenal gland disruption in rat fetuses and pups: Potential protective effects of propolis supplementation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:242-255. [PMID: 38155514 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to unravel the possible adverse effects of methomyl on the developing adrenal gland of rat fetuses and pups. Additionally, this study explored the potential improving effects of propolis against these possible hazards induced by methomyl exposure. To achieve that, pregnant rats were divided into four groups: control group, received 1 mL distilled water, propolis group, received 1 mL propolis at a dose of 300 mg/kg, methomyl group, received 1 mL methomyl at a dose of 2 mg/kg, and combined group, received 1 mL methomyl followed by 1 mL propolis, an hour later at the same previous doses. The results revealed that methomyl exposure, during pregnancy and lactation, induced many histological and ultrastructural changes, caused DNA damage and downregulated the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and CYP11B2 genes in the adrenal glands of both rat fetuses and pups. Interestingly, propolis supplementation demonstrated a remarkable ability to mitigate these deleterious effects and restored the histology and ultrastructure architecture of the adrenal glands of both fetuses and pups, as well as decreased DNA damage and upregulated the expression of StAR and CYP11B2 genes in the adrenal gland of rat fetuses and pups. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential hazardous impact of methomyl exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the development of the adrenal gland in rat fetuses and pups, moreover, the study presents a new approach to alleviate these effects through propolis administration which could be used as a dietary supplement to mitigate the adverse effects of methomyl exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa N Atallah
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Gamal M Badawy
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Fatma S Abdallah
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom, Egypt
| | - Hend T El-Borm
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monageng E, Offor U, Takalani NB, Mohlala K, Opuwari CS. A Review on the Impact of Oxidative Stress and Medicinal Plants on Leydig Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1559. [PMID: 37627554 PMCID: PMC10451682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells are essential for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular antioxidant level brings about oxidative stress. Oxidative stress (OS) results in the dysfunction of Leydig cells, thereby impairing steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and ultimately, male infertility. To prevent Leydig cells from oxidative insults, there needs to be a balance between the ROS production and the cellular protective capacity of antioxidants. Evidence indicates that medicinal plants could improve Leydig cell function at specific concentrations under basal or OS conditions. The increased usage of medicinal plants has been considered a possible alternative treatment for male infertility. This review aims to provide an overview of the impact of oxidative stress on Leydig cells as well as the effects of various medicinal plant extracts on TM3 Leydig cells. The medicinal plants of interest include Aspalathus linearis, Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Morinda officinale, Taraxacum officinale, Trichilia emetica, Terminalia sambesiaca, Peltophorum africanum, Ximenia caffra, Serenoa repens, Zingiber officinale, Eugenia jambolana, and a combination of dandelion and fermented rooibos (CRS-10). According to the findings obtained from studies conducted on the evaluated medicinal plants, it can, therefore, be concluded that the medicinal plants maintain the antioxidant profile of Leydig cells under basal conditions and have protective or restorative effects following exposure to oxidative stress. The available data suggest that the protective role exhibited by the evaluated plants may be attributed to their antioxidant content. Additionally, the use of the optimal dosage or concentration of the extracts in the management of oxidative stress is of the utmost importance, and the measurement of their oxidation reduction potential is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monageng
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Ugochukwu Offor
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuho Beauty Takalani
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Kutullo Mohlala
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang F, Li Y, Xie Y, Yao W, Ren F. Diethyl phosphate disrupts hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis endocrine hormones via nuclear receptors GR and Nur77: Integration of evidences from in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157015. [PMID: 35777568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of population epidemiology and cohort studies have found dialkyl phosphates (DAPs) in the urine were related to endocrine hormone disorders. However, we did not know whether these effects were caused by parent organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) or metabolite DAPs, especially the non-specific metabolite diethyl phosphate (DEP), which was the metabolic end product of most widely used diethyl OPs. In this study, animal experiments (in vivo), cell experiments (in vitro), small molecule-protein binding interaction experiments and computer molecular simulations (in silico) were used to explore the disturbing effects and molecular mechanisms of DEP on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis endocrine hormones. The animal experiments showed that chronic DEP exposure significantly disturbed the serum contents of HPA axis hormones in adult male rats. The target genes of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in rat liver, including 11β-hsd1 and Pepck1 and PEPCK protein expressions, were down-regulated. Moreover, the gluconeogenic abilities of rats were impaired. However, it did not affect the expression of GR in the rat hypothalamus. These results indicated that the physiological functions of glucocorticoids and GR were damaged. Furthermore, spectroscopy experiments, cell experiments, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations also suggested that DEP can bind to nuclear receptors GR and Nur77, affecting their transcription factor functions, and the transcriptional expression levels of their downstream target genes were reduced. The biosynthesis and secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and glucocorticoids were blocked. Therefore, DEP can inhibit the production and physiological functions of HPA axis endocrine hormones by disrupting these related proteins and antagonizing nuclear receptors. These results were considered to provide a theoretical basis for strictly controlling the residue limits of OPs and their metabolites in foods, agricultural products and the environment. They also revealed new targets for evaluating the toxicities and risks of pesticide metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melatonin Rescues Dimethoate Exposure-Induced Meiotic and Developmental Defects of Porcine Oocytes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070832. [PMID: 35405822 PMCID: PMC8997005 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental pollution poses concerns for public health. Dimethoate is a pesticide widely used in agricultural fields and home gardens. Recent studies have shown that dimethoate exposure impaired reproductive functions in male and female animals. However, whether dimethoate exposure affects oocyte maturation and how to reduce the toxicity of dimethoate remain unclear. Here, we showed that dimethoate exposure impaired nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes. Melatonin supplementation restored the meiotic maturation of dimethoate-exposed oocytes by suppressing the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species and autophagy and DNA damage accumulation. Therefore, melatonin counteracts the toxic effects of dimethoate exposure on porcine oocyte maturation. These findings imply that melatonin could be a promising agent in improving the quality of dimethoate-exposed oocytes from humans and animals. Abstract Dimethoate (DT) is an environmental pollutant widely used in agricultural fields and home gardens. Studies have shown that exposure to DT causes reproductive defects in both male and female animals. However, the effects of DT exposure on oocyte maturation and the approach to counteract it are not yet known. Here, we investigated the toxicity of DT on porcine oocyte maturation and the protective effects of melatonin (MT) on DT-exposed oocytes. DT exposure with 1.5 mM partially inhibited cumulus cell expansion and significantly reduced the rate of first polar body extrusion (pb1) during oocyte maturation. Parthenogenetically activated embryos derived from DT-exposed oocytes could not develop to the 2-cell and blastocyst stage. Furthermore, DT exposure led to a significant increase in the rates of misaligned chromosomes, disorganized spindles, and abnormal actin assembly. DT exposure severely disrupted the distribution patterns of mitochondria in oocytes but did not change the subcellular localizations of cortical granules. Importantly, MT supplementation rescued the meiotic and developmental defects of DT-exposed oocytes through repressing the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy, and DNA damage accumulation. These results demonstrate that melatonin protects against meiotic defects induced by DT during porcine oocyte maturation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Testosterone synthesis in testicular Leydig cells after long-term exposure to a static electric field (SEF). Toxicology 2021; 458:152836. [PMID: 34147545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
China's clean energy and resources are mainly located in the west and north while electric load center is concentrated in the middle and east. Thus, these resources and energy need to be converted into electrical energy in situ and transported to electric load center through ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmissions. China has built 25,000 km UHVDC transmission lines of 800 kV and 1100 kV, near which the impact of electric field on health has attracted public attention. Previous studies showed that time-varying electromagnetic field exposure could disturb testosterone secretion. To study the effect of non-time-varying electric field caused by direct current transmission lines on testosterone synthesis, male ICR mice were continually (24 h/d) exposed to static electric field of 56.3 ± 1.4 kV/m. Results showed that on the 3rd day of exposure and on the 7th day after ceasing the exposure of 28 d, serum testosterone level and testicular oxidative stress indicators didn't change significantly. On the 28th day of exposure, serum testosterone levels, testicular glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, the mRNA and protein levels of testicular StAR, PBR, CYP11A1 decreased significantly, and testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly. Meanwhile, electron-dense edges and vacuolation appeared in lipid droplets of Leydig cells. The gap between inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) enlarged, which would cause the swelling of mitochondria, the rupture and deficiency of mitochondrial membranes. Analysis showed that testicular oxidative stress could induce the damage of mitochondrial structure in Leydig cells, which would decrease the rate of cholesterol transport from cytoplasm to mitochondria. Since cholesterol is the necessary precursor of testosterone synthesis, testosterone synthesis was inhibited. The decrease of the mRNA and protein expression levels of StAR and PBR in testes could diminish the cholesterol transported from OMM to IMM. The decrease of the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP11A1 could reduce the pregnenolone required in testosterone synthesis and inhibit testosterone synthesis consequently.
Collapse
|
6
|
DeWitt NA, Whirledge S, Kallen AN. Updates on molecular and environmental determinants of luteal progesterone production. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110930. [PMID: 32610113 PMCID: PMC7484338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone, a critical hormone in reproduction, is a key sex steroid in the establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy and serves as an intermediary for synthesis of other steroid hormones. Progesterone production from the corpus luteum is a tightly regulated process which is stimulated and maintained by multiple factors, both systemic and local. Multiple regulatory systems, including classic mediators of gonadotropin stimulation such as the cAMP/PKA pathway and TGFβ-mediated signaling pathways, as well as local production of hormonal factors, exist to promote granulosa cell function and physiological fine-tuning of progesterone levels. In this manuscript, we provide an updated narrative review of the known mediators of human luteal progesterone and highlight new observations regarding this important process, focusing on studies published within the last five years. We will also review recent evidence suggesting that this complex system of progesterone production is sensitive to disruption by exogenous environmental chemicals that can mimic or interfere with the activities of endogenous hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A DeWitt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amanda N Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Dong Y, Wu S, Zhu Q, Li X, Liu S, Huang T, Li H, Ge RS. Acephate interferes with androgen synthesis in rat immature Leydig cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125597. [PMID: 31864041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acephate is an organophosphate pesticide. It is widely used. However, whether it inhibits androgen synthesis and metabolism remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of acephate on the inhibition of androgen synthetic and metabolic pathways in rat immature Leydig cells after 3-h culture. Acephate inhibited basal androgen output in a dose-dependent manner with the inhibition starting at 0.5 μM. It significantly inhibited luteinizing hormone and 8-Br-cAMP stimulated androgen output at 50 μM. It significantly inhibited progesterone-mediated androgen output at 50 μM. Further study demonstrated that acephate down-regulated the expression of Hsd3b1 and its protein at ≥ 0.5 μM, Lhcgr at 5 μM and Star at 50 μM. Acephate directly blocked rat testicular HSD3B1 activity at 50 μM. Acephate did not affect other androgen synthetic and metabolic enzyme activities as well as ROS production, proliferation, and apoptosis of immature Leydig cells. In conclusion, acephate targets LHCGR, STAR, and HSD3B1, thus blocking androgen synthesis in rat immature Leydig cells and HSD3B1 is being the most sensitive target of acephate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Yaoyao Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Siwen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma RK, Singh P, Setia A, Sharma AK. Insecticides and ovarian functions. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:369-392. [PMID: 31916619 DOI: 10.1002/em.22355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides, a heterogeneous group of chemicals, are widely used in agriculture and household practices to avoid insect-inflicted damage. Extensive use of insecticides has contributed substantially to agricultural production and the prevention of deadly diseases by destroying their vectors. On the contrary, many of the insecticides are associated with several adverse health effects like neurological and psychological diseases, metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalance, and even cancer in non-target species, including humans. Reproduction, a very selective process that ensures the continuity of species, is affected to a greater extent by the rampant use of insecticides. In females, exposure to insecticides leads to reproductive incapacitation primarily through disturbances in ovarian physiology. Disturbed ovarian activities encompass the alterations in hormone synthesis, follicular maturation, ovulation process, and ovarian cycle, which eventually lead to decline in fertility, prolonged time-to-conceive, spontaneous abortion, stillbirths, and developmental defects. Insecticide-induced ovarian toxicity is effectuated by endocrine disruption and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, which occurs due to suppression of antioxidant defense system, and upsurge of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, potentiates DNA damage and expression of apoptotic and inflammatory markers. Insecticide exposure, in part, is responsible for ovarian malfunctioning through disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The current article is focused on the adverse effects of insecticides on ovarian functioning, and consequently, on the reproductive efficacy of females. The possible strategies to combat insecticide-induced toxicity are also discussed in the latter part of this review. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:369-392, 2020. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnesh Kumar Sharma
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Aarzoo Setia
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Aman Kumar Sharma
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guvvala PR, Ravindra JP, Selvaraju S. Impact of environmental contaminants on reproductive health of male domestic ruminants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3819-3836. [PMID: 31845245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants are gaining more attention in the livestock sector lately due to their harmful effects on productivity and fertility of livestock. Recent research indicates that many domestic ruminants are becoming subfertile/infertile due to confounding reasons associated with management. Contaminants like metals, metalloids, herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, chemicals, or natural contaminants are present everywhere in day to day life and are becoming a threat to the livestock. Studies on a broad-spectrum of animals suggest that high doses of acute or low doses of chronic exposure to the contaminants lead to disruption of multi-organs/systems including reproductive function. The lowered reproductive efficiency in animals is attributed to the endocrine disruptor activities of the environmental contaminants on the gonads, affecting gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. In vitro studies on testicular cells and the semen suggest that spermatozoa are more susceptible to damage by environmental contaminants. The quality of the semen happens to be a critical factor in the livestock industry. Contaminants affecting gametogenesis and steroidogenesis may lead to devastating consequences to the livestock reproduction, and thus the production. However, there is a lack of collective data on the effect of such environmental contaminants on the fertility of male domestic ruminants. This review discusses the studies related to the impact of environmental contaminants on male fertility in large (bull and buffalo) and small (sheep and goat) ruminants by focusing on the underlying molecular interactions between the contaminants and gonads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Rani Guvvala
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India.
| | - Janivara Parameswaraiah Ravindra
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
- ICAR-National Fellow, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dong Y, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Li X, Huang T, Li H, Zhao J, Ge RS. Dimethoate blocks pubertal differentiation of Leydig cells in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125036. [PMID: 31606569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate is an organophosphate pesticide. It is widely used in agriculture. However, whether it blocks pubertal development of Leydig cells remains unknown. In the current study, we exposed male Sprague Dawley rats with 7.5 and 15 mg kg-1 dimethoate from postnatal day 35-56. We also exposed Leydig cells isolated from 35-day-old rats for 3 h. Dimethoate reduced serum testosterone levels at 7.5 and 15 mg kg-1 but increased serum luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels at 15 mg kg-1. Dimethoate did not influence Leydig cell number but reduced Leydig cell size and down-regulated Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 in Leydig cells as well as their protein expression. Dimethoate inhibited basal androgen output in a dose-dependent manner with the inhibition starting at 0.05 μM. It significantly inhibited luteinizing hormone and 8Br-cAMP stimulated androgen outputs at 50 μM. It significantly inhibited 22R-hydroxycholesterol and progesterone-mediated androgen outputs at 50 μM. Further study demonstrated that dimethoate also down-regulated the expression of Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 at 5 or 50 μM in vitro. Dimethoate did not directly inhibit rat testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities at 50 μM. In conclusion, dimethoate targets Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 transcription, thus blocking Leydig cell differentiation during puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Banerjee B, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty P, Ghosh D, Jana K. Protective Effect of Resveratrol on Benzo(a)Pyrene Induced Dysfunctions of Steroidogenesis and Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Gene Expression in Leydig Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:272. [PMID: 31114548 PMCID: PMC6502972 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] is the toxic environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), that exerts male reproductive dysfunctions. In this study the molecular mechanism of B(a)P induced Leydig cell steroidogenic dysfunctions and its protective mechanism of action with a natural Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist and anti-oxidant, Resveratrol (Res) has been investigated. B(a)P exposure induced ROS mediated steroidogenic imbalance via activation of p38MAPK and repression of testosterone level as well as other steroidogenic enzymes like CYPIIA1, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD expressions. B(a)P exposure decreased StAR protein expression along with increased DAX-1, a transcriptional repressor of StAR gene. Along with that B(a)P decreased the expression of SF-1 that acts as a transcriptional inducer of StAR gene expression. The study has established Resveratrol as a potential agent combating the deleterious effect of B(a)P on Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Resveratrol treatment resulted significant protection against B(a)P by scavenging ROS and modulating the transcriptional regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes. Furthermore, Resveratrol also prevented stress kinase like p38 MAPK activation and increased StAR protein expression through the reduction of DAX-1 expression. Moreover, the testosterone production was efficiently restored with Resveratrol treatment. ChIP assay also revealed that resveratrol improved SF-1expression which further increased the StAR gene expression. Resveratrol acted efficiently against B(a)P, through its anti-oxidative properties as well as inhibits p38MAPK and increased steroidogenesis and StAR expression through the modulation of SF-1 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Infertility, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Debidas Ghosh
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University Midnapore, Midnapore, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Kuladip Jana ; ;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghosh R, Banerjee B, Das T, Jana K, Choudhury SM. Antigonadal and endocrine-disrupting activities of lambda cyhalothrin in female rats and its attenuation by taurine. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:146-157. [PMID: 29506456 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717742291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) is a type II pyrethroid with a wide range of agricultural, industrial, and household uses. Taurine is a nonprotein sulfur containing amino acid as well as a well-known antioxidant and has valuable clinical applications in the detoxification of xenobiotics. The present study evaluated the effect of LCT on the reproductive and endocrine systems of female rats and determined whether taurine might alter these effects. Sexually mature female rats were administered LCT at two different dosages (6.3 mg/kg BW and 11.33 mg/kg BW) once daily by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days with the pretreatment of taurine (50 mg kg-1 BW). LCT treatment resulted in diminished adrenal cholesterol, ovarian 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activity with increased ovarian cholesterol, adrenal 3β- and 17β-HSD activity. Furthermore, protein and mRNA expressions of ovarian 17β-HSD and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein were also decreased. Hormonal imbalance was evident by concurrent reduction in the gonadotropic hormone, estradiol, and progesterone levels in LCT-treated rats. These rats also demonstrated the histopathological evidence of degenerative changes in the ovaries. Pretreatment of taurine attenuated the LCT-induced changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rini Ghosh
- 1 Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Tuhina Das
- 1 Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- 2 Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujata Maiti Choudhury
- 1 Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santos da Rosa JG, Alcântara Barcellos HHD, Fagundes M, Variani C, Rossini M, Kalichak F, Koakoski G, Acosta Oliveira T, Idalencio R, Frandoloso R, Piato AL, José Gil Barcellos L. Muscarinic receptors mediate the endocrine-disrupting effects of an organophosphorus insecticide in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1964-1972. [PMID: 28371364 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid cortisol, the end product of hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio), is synthesized via steroidogenesis and promotes important physiological regulations in response to a stressor. The failure of this axis leads to inability to cope with environmental challenges preventing adaptive processes in order to restore homeostasis. Pesticides and agrichemicals are widely used, and may constitute an important class of environmental pollutants when reach aquatic ecosystems and nontarget species. These chemical compounds may disrupt hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis by altering synthesis, structure or function of its constituents. We present evidence that organophosphorus exposure disrupts stress response by altering the expression of key genes of the neural steroidogenesis, causing downregulation of star, hsp70, and pomc genes. This appears to be mediated via muscarinic receptors, since the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine blocked these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Gabriel Santos da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Helena de Alcântara Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Fagundes
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Variani
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Mainara Rossini
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kalichak
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gessi Koakoski
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Acosta Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Idalencio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Frandoloso
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Angelo L Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite 500, sala 305, Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miller WL. Introduction to the 2016 Keith L. Parker Memorial Lecturer: Douglas M. Stocco, Ph.D. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 441:2-6. [PMID: 27345241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Douglas M. (Doug) Stocco is Professor Emeritus at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in Lubbock, TX, and is internationally renowned for his work characterizing the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR. Stocco's laboratory isolated and cloned StAR from mouse Leydig MA-10 cells, collaborated on the demonstration that StAR mutations cause congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, and delineated much of what is known about the intracellular pathways that regulate its production. This work resolved a decades-long quest to identify the mechanism underlying the acute regulation of steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Miller
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang L, Shao G, Pan Y. Effects of daidzein on testosterone secretion in cultured immature mouse testis. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0802.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Daidzein is a major isoflavone in soybeans. Several in vivo studies have showed that daidzein can affect immature male testosterone production. However, whether daidzein has direct action on immature male testis is unknown.
Objective: We investigated the effects of daidzein on testosterone secretion in 3-day-old and 21-day-old mouse Leydig cells with organotypic culture model.
Materials and Methods: The testes were exposed to different concentrations (10-7 to 10-4 M) of daidzein for 72 h with medium changed every 24 h. From 72 to 75 h of culture, 100 ng/ml human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was added. The testosterone production was determined, and the related mechanisms of daidzein action were also evaluated by measuring the mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD-1) involved in testosterone biosynthesis.
Results: The results revealed that in the presence of 100 ng/ml hCG, 10-7 to 10-5 M daidzein had no significant effect on testosterone secretion in cultured 3-day-old mouse testis. But 10-4 M daidzein significantly increased testosterone concentration (p < 0.05). Daidzein in range of studied doses had no obvious influence on testosterone production in cultured 21-day-old mouse testis. RT-PCR results showed that 10-4 M daidzein had obvious influence on the mRNA levels of StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD-1 in cultured 3-day-old mouse testis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that daidzein mainly influences neonatal mouse testis function, and the influence is partially related to the upregulation of StAR, P450scc, and 3β-HSD-1 mRNA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuping Zhang
- Department of Biology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Genbao Shao
- Department of Biology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yaoqian Pan
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cremonese C, Piccoli C, Pasqualotto F, Clapauch R, Koifman RJ, Koifman S, Freire C. Occupational exposure to pesticides, reproductive hormone levels and sperm quality in young Brazilian men. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 67:174-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
17
|
Meng S, Qiu L, Hu G, Fan L, Song C, Zheng Y, Wu W, Qu J, Li D, Chen J, Xu P. Effects of methomyl on steroidogenic gene transcription of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad-liver axis in male tilapia. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:152-162. [PMID: 27643660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Male tilapia were exposed to sub-lethal methomyl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 2, 20 or 200 μg/L for 30 d, and were subsequently cultured in methomyl-free water for 18 d. Relative transcript abundance of steroidogenic genes involved in the HPGL axis of male tilapia was examined at 30 d in the exposure test and at 18 d in the recovery test. The results revealed that low concentrations of methomyl (0.2 and 2 μg/L) did not cause significant changes in gene mRNA levels in the HPGL axis of male tilapia; thus, we considered 2 μg/L concentrations as the level that showed no apparent adverse endocrine disruption effects. However, higher concentrations of methomyl (20 and 200 μg/L) disrupted the endocrine system and caused significant increase in the levels of GnRH2, GnRH3, ERα, and ERβ genes in the hypothalamus, GnRHR and FSHβ genes in the pituitary, CYP19a, FSHR, and ERα genes in the testis, and VTG and ERα genes in the liver, and significantly decreased the levels of LHR, StAR, 3β-HSD, and ARα genes in the testis and LHβ gene in the pituitary, leading to changes in sex steroid hormone and vitellogenin levels in the serum and ultimately resulting in reproductive dysfunction in male tilapia. The recovery tests showed that the toxicity effect caused by 20 μg/L methomyl was reversible; however, the toxicity effect at 200 μg/L of methomyl was irreversible after 18 d. Therefore, we concluded that 200 μg/L was the threshold concentration for methomyl-induced irreversible endocrine disruption in male tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShunLong Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - LiPing Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - GengDong Hu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - LiMin Fan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Chao Song
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - JianHong Qu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - DanDan Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - JiaZhang Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arukwe A, Carteny CC, Möder M, Bonini A, Maubach MA, Eggen T. Differential modulation of neuro- and interrenal steroidogenesis of juvenile salmon by the organophosphates - tris(2-butoxyethyl)- and tris(2-cloroethyl) phosphate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:63-71. [PMID: 27019041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Following the ban of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) flame retardants under well-documented toxicity issues, organophosphate such as tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tris(2-cloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were considered as potential substitutes. Although TBOEP and TCEP are consistently detected in the aquatic environment, there are few data about the possible toxicological effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms, including fish. In the present study, we have investigated the influence of TBOEP and TCEP on neuro- and interrenal steroidogenesis of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), after a seven-day exposure to four different concentrations (0 (control), 0.04, 0.2 and 1mg/L) of each compound. TBOEP and TCEP were diluted in Milli-Q water. The expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis (StAR, cyp19a, cyp19b, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-hsd), and 11β-hydroxylase (cyp11β)), were analyzed in the brain and head kidney using real-time PCR. Plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) analysis was performed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Our results showed that TBOEP accumulated more rapidly than TCEP in fish muscle tissue. Surprisingly, TBOEP produced less pronounced effects than TCEP on neural and interrenal steroidogenic responses, despite the observed rapid uptake and bioaccumulation pattern. Specifically, TBOEP produced significant and consistent concentration-specific alterations on neural- and interrenal steroidogenesis. Plasma levels of 11-KT were not significantly altered by any of the exposures. The increased expression of steroidogenic genes demonstrated in the present study could produce time-specific alterations in the production of glucocorticoids and steroid hormones that play integral roles in fish metabolism, stress responses and adaptation, sexual maturation, reproduction and migration with overt consequences on reproductive success and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Camilla Catarci Carteny
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monika Möder
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alberto Bonini
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Andre Maubach
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Eggen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postveien 213, N-4353 Klepp st., Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Omran NE, Salama WM. The endocrine disruptor effect of the herbicides atrazine and glyphosate on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:656-65. [PMID: 24215068 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713506959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (AZ) and glyphosate (GL) are herbicides that are widely applied to cereal crops in Egypt. The present study was designed to investigate the response of the snailBiomphalaria alexandrina(Mollusca: Gastropoda) as a bioindicator for endocrine disrupters in terms of steroid levels (testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E)), alteration of microsomal CYP4501B1-like immunoreactivity, total protein (TP) level, and gonadal structure after exposure to sublethal concentrations of AZ or GL for 3 weeks. In order to study the ability of the snails' recuperation, the exposed snails were subjected to a recovery period for 2 weeks. The results showed that the level of T, E, and TP contents were significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in both AZ- and GL-exposed groups compared with control (unexposed) group. The level of microsomal CYP4501B1-like immunoreactivity increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in GL- and AZ-exposed snails and reach nearly a 50% increase in AZ-exposed group. Histological investigation of the ovotestis showed that AZ and GL caused degenerative changes including azoospermia and oocytes deformation. Interestingly, all the recovered groups did not return back to their normal state. It can be concluded that both herbicides are endocrine disrupters and cause cellular toxicity indicated by the decrease of protein content and the increase in CYP4501B1-like immunoreactivity. This toxicity is irreversible and the snail is not able to recover its normal state. The fluctuation of CYP4501B1 suggests that this vertebrate-like enzyme may be functional also in the snail and may be used as a biomarker for insecticide toxicity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jallouli M, El Bini Dhouib I, Dhouib H, Lasram M, Gharbi N, El Fazaa S. Disruption of steroidogenesis after dimethoate exposure and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in rats: an old drug with new approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7975-7984. [PMID: 26769589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) like dimethoate (DMT), are pesticides used worldwide, which can affect both animals and human. Whereas their toxicity is due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition, their secondary toxic effects have been related to free oxygen radical biosynthesis. The present study was designed to investigate the reprotoxic effects of DMT and the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in male rat. DMT (20 mg/ kg/body weight) was administered daily to rats via gavage in corn oil and NAC (2 g/l) was added to drinking water for 30 days. Rats were sacrificed on the 30th day, 2 h after the last administration. Markers of testis injury (steroidogenesis impairment) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and antioxidant status) were assessed. In DMT-exposed rats, the serum level of testosterone was decreased. Further, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level and a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the testis of rats during DMT intoxication. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a decrease in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory StAR protein, cytochrome P450scc, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in the testis after DMT exposure. No significant changes in the oxidative stress status and selected reproductive variables were observed on CTN group, whereas NAC restored the oxidative stress and the steroidogenesis on NAC group. Dimethoate induces reprotoxicity and oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine showed therapeutic recovery effects against dimethoate toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Jallouli
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Ines El Bini Dhouib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hanène Dhouib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Montassar Lasram
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Saloua El Fazaa
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Potter SJ, Kumar DL, DeFalco T. Origin and Differentiation of Androgen-Producing Cells in the Gonads. Results Probl Cell Differ 2016; 58:101-134. [PMID: 27300177 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31973-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is dependent on the activity of androgenic steroid hormones to promote gonadal development and gametogenesis. Leydig cells of the testis and theca cells of the ovary are critical cell types in the gonadal interstitium that carry out steroidogenesis and provide key androgens for reproductive organ function. In this chapter, we will discuss important aspects of interstitial androgenic cell development in the gonad, including: the potential cellular origins of interstitial steroidogenic cells and their progenitors; the molecular mechanisms involved in Leydig cell specification and differentiation (including Sertoli-cell-derived signaling pathways and Leydig-cell-related transcription factors and nuclear receptors); the interactions of Leydig cells with other cell types in the adult testis, such as Sertoli cells, germ cells, peritubular myoid cells, macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells; the process of steroidogenesis and its systemic regulation; and a brief discussion of the development of theca cells in the ovary relative to Leydig cells in the testis. Finally, we will describe the dynamics of steroidogenic cells in seasonal breeders and highlight unique aspects of steroidogenesis in diverse vertebrate species. Understanding the cellular origins of interstitial steroidogenic cells and the pathways directing their specification and differentiation has implications for the study of multiple aspects of development and will help us gain insights into the etiology of reproductive system birth defects and infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Potter
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Deepti Lava Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guo R, Chen J. Assessing the impacts of dimethoate on rotifers' reproduction through the pre-exposure history. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:199-205. [PMID: 25450934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organism usually undergoes an exposure of environmental pollution after a maternal exposure before birth. Traditional toxicological studies often initiated with rotifer neonates derived from the unexposed mothers while ignoring the pre-exposure (maternal exposure). The present study assessed the effect of dimethoate on the reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, considering how the pre-exposure occurred in the parental generation influenced the subsequent impact. The F0 generation rotifers were exposed to the pesticide at five concentrations until the first F1 generation rotifers were reproduced. The neonates (F1 generation) were then exposed to the pesticide at the corresponding concentrations. The offspring reproduction, the time begins to reproduce, the duration of the reproductive period and the lifespan of the F1 generation rotifers were evaluated. Our results indicated that dimethoate influenced the maturation and reproduction of the rotifers. The highest concentration (1.8 mg L(-1)) of dimethoate caused an inhibition in the offspring reproduction, shortened the life span and reduced the duration of the reproductive period. In addition, of particular interest in our study was that reproduction is also accelerated by the lowest concentration (0.2 mg L(-1)). However, the pre-exposure had a significant effect on the subsequent impact. The dimethoate pre-exposure increased the impacts when the F1 generation rotifers were exposed to the substance, even at the same concentrations as in pre-exposure. It suggests that the maternal exposure history before birth is also important and has the long-lasting consequence from one generation to another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oliveira NP, Moi GP, Atanaka-Santos M, Silva AMC, Pignati WA. Malformações congênitas em municípios de grande utilização de agrotóxicos em Mato Grosso, Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2014; 19:4123-30. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320141910.08512014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mato Grosso é o maior produtor agrícola e também o maior consumidor nacional de agrotóxicos. A exposição materna aos agrotóxicos no período periconcepcional tem sido associada com aumento no risco de malformações congênitas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre o uso de agrotóxicos e as malformações congênitas em municípios com maior exposição aos agrotóxicos em Mato Grosso. Estudo de caso-controle realizado com 219 nascidos vivos com malformação congênita e 862 nascidos vivos sadios. Estimou-se a média de utilização dos agrotóxicos nos trimestres anterior e posterior à data da fecundação e durante todo o período periconcepecional segundo município e mês e ano de sua utilização. Posteriormente, estas medidas foram quartilizadas e transformadas em variáveis do tipo indicadoras (dummy ), atribuindo-se um nível de exposição para cada intervalo interquartil. Foi realizada análise bivariada e regressão logística. Foram observadas associações significantes (p < 0,05) no terceiro (OR=1,66, IC95% 0,98 - 2,79) e quarto quartil (OR=1,88, IC95% 1,09 - 3,24) do período pós-fecundação e no quarto quartil (OR=2,04, IC95%1,17-3,56) durante todo o período periconcepecional. A exposição materna aos agrotóxicos foi associada à maior ocorrência de malformações congênitas.
Collapse
|
24
|
Best C, Melnyk-Lamont N, Gesto M, Vijayan MM. Environmental levels of the antidepressant venlafaxine impact the metabolic capacity of rainbow trout. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:190-198. [PMID: 25036621 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant venlafaxine is detected at parts per billion levels in tertiary-treated municipal wastewater effluent. However, the impact of this serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) on non-target aquatic animals is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that environmentally relevant levels of venlafaxine disrupt the highly conserved cortisol and glucose response to stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile trout were exposed to venlafaxine (0, 0.2 and 1.0 μg/L) in a static system with daily renewal for seven days. The fish were then subjected to an acute handling disturbance and sampled either prior to (0 h) or 1, 4 and 24h after stressor exposure. Venlafaxine exposure did not affect the handling disturbance-mediated transient elevation in plasma cortisol levels or target tissue glucocorticoid receptor expression. The drug exposure disrupted the interrenal steroidogenic capacity, including altered handling stressor-mediated changes in mRNA abundances of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage. The handling stressor-induced transient elevations in plasma glucose levels were significantly reduced in the venlafaxine-exposed fish. This was not accompanied by changes in liver glycogen content, glucose transporter 2 mRNA abundance or the glycolytic capacity, whereas the capacity for gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism were enhanced. Venlafaxine also brought about changes in the gill of trout, including enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity and Na(+)-K(+) ATPase protein expression, while the Na(+)-K(+) ATPase enzyme activity was reduced. Collectively, our results demonstrate that venlafaxine at levels detected in the aquatic environment impacts tissue metabolic capacities and may compromise the adaptive responses to an acute stressor in rainbow trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Best
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nataliya Melnyk-Lamont
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Manuel Gesto
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Enangue Njembele AN, Bailey JL, Tremblay JJ. In vitro exposure of Leydig cells to an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorines represses early steps of steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:118. [PMID: 24740604 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leydig cell steroidogenesis is mainly regulated by LH via increased cAMP production leading to STAR protein activation. STAR is essential for cholesterol shuttling inside mitochondria where steroidogenesis is initiated. Accumulating evidence suggest that persistent organochlorine compounds disrupt testicular function, but the mechanism of action remains poorly characterized. Here we report that in vitro exposure of MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig cells to an environmentally relevant mixture of 15 organochlorines impairs steroidogenesis. While having no effect on cell viability and basal steroid production, the organochlorine mixture caused a 50% decrease in cAMP-induced progesterone production. The mixture also reduced cAMP-induced 30 kDa STAR protein by 50% while having no effect on basal STAR protein. Basal or cAMP-induced Star mRNA levels and promoter activity were unaffected by the mixture, indicating that the organochlorine mixture acted at the translational/posttranslational level. Further supporting this is the fact that in COS-7 cells overexpressing STAR, the organochlorine mixture caused a decrease in the 30 kDa form of STAR and an accumulation of the 37 kDa forms. In addition to STAR, we found that the organochlorine mixture also decreases the levels of CYP11A1 and ADXR, two proteins essential for the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone. In conclusion, our data show that organochlorine exposure disrupts Leydig cell function by targeting different components of the steroidogenic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice L Bailey
- Centre for Research in Biology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques J Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada Centre for Research in Biology of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Modulatory effect of lycopene on deltamethrin-induced testicular injury in rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 65:425-32. [PMID: 23076637 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of deltamethrin to induce testicular injury in rats and its possible attenuation with lycopene. Rats were divided into three groups: Group I (DEL) received deltamethrin, 5 mg/kg b.w./day orally, in corn oil. Group II (DEL + Lyc) received oral dose of lycopene (4 mg/kg b.w./day) in corn oil concurrently with deltamethrin following the same regimen as in group I. Group III (Control) received appropriate volume of corn oil. After 4 weeks, deltamethrin-treated rats showed decreased body weight, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Testicular total oxidant capacity (TOC), nitrite/nitrate (NOx), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and DNA damage were significantly increased. RT-PCR demonstrated significant up-regulation in testicular mRNA for glutathione-S-transferase and heat-shock protein-70 (HSP-70), whereas steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein was down-regulated after deltamethrin exposure. Lycopene was able to restore body weight, serum testosterone, StAR mRNA, TOC, NOx levels, and PARP activity with significant decrease in HSP-70 mRNA, and DNA damage. In conclusion, lycopene was able to counteract the deleterious effect of deltamethrin.
Collapse
|
27
|
Astiz M, Acaz-Fonseca E, Garcia-Segura LM. Sex Differences and Effects of Estrogenic Compounds on the Expression of Inflammatory Molecules by Astrocytes Exposed to the Insecticide Dimethoate. Neurotox Res 2013; 25:271-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
28
|
Astiz M, Hurtado de Catalfo GE, García MN, Galletti SM, Errecalde AL, de Alaniz MJT, Marra CA. Pesticide-induced decrease in rat testicular steroidogenesis is differentially prevented by lipoate and tocopherol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 91:129-38. [PMID: 23465731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the sub-chronic administration of low doses of Toc or α-Toc, glyphosate and zineb to rats (i.p. 1/250 LD50, three times a week for 5 weeks) provoked severe oxidative stress (OS) in testicles. These effects were also reflected in plasma. Lipoic acid (LA) and α-tocopherol are considered as antioxidants due to their ability to neutralize reactive oxygenated species (ROS) and reset endogenous antioxidant levels. To investigate the possible protective effect on reproductive function, LA and Toc (i.p. 25, 50 and 100mg/kg) were administered simultaneously with the pesticide mixture (PM) for 5 weeks. Both drugs prevented OS and the damage to proteins and lipids caused by PM in a dose-dependent manner. The PM-induced increase levels of prostaglandins E2 and F2α was completely restored by LA but not by Toc. Similarly, only LA was able to restore the inhibition of testosterone production, the decrease of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases activities, and the elevation of gonatropins (FSH and LH) levels produced by PM. Furthermore, LA was more efficient than Toc in normalizing the histological alterations produced by PM administration, suggesting that pesticides act though other mechanisms that generate oxidative stress. In our experimental model LA displayed a higher protective role against pesticide-induced damage than that observed by Toc administration. Our results suggest that LA administration is a promising therapeutic strategy for coping with disorders suspected to be caused by OS generators - such as pesticides - in male reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aguilar-Garduño C, Lacasaña M, Blanco-Muñoz J, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Hernández AF, Bassol S, González-Alzaga B, Cebrián ME. Changes in male hormone profile after occupational organophosphate exposure. A longitudinal study. Toxicology 2012; 307:55-65. [PMID: 23153546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the endocrine effects of long-term, low-level exposure to organophosphate (OP) compounds. Studies on experimental animals have found that OP pesticides have an impact on the endocrine system and a few clinical and epidemiological studies have also shown that OPs may affect the male hormone profile, although results are inconsistent. We have evaluated the effect of exposure to OP pesticides, measured through urinary levels of six dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites, on male hormone profile in 136 floriculture workers from the State of Mexico and Morelos during two agricultural periods with different degree of pesticide exposure. Generalized estimated equations (GEE) models were developed and adjusted for several potential confounders, including PON1 enzyme activity, as a biomarker of susceptibility, and serum levels of p,p'-DDE, a metabolite of the pesticide DDT widely used in Mexico until 1999 for control of agricultural pests and malaria. Exposure of male floriculture workers to OP pesticides was associated with increased serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin and with decreased serum testosterone and inhibin B levels. Among all DAPs tested, only DETP was inversely associated with luteinizing hormone (LH). Estradiol showed a marginally significant positive trend with DEP and DETP derivatives. In conclusion, OP pesticides may have an impact on the endocrine function because of their potential to modify the male hormone profile as a function of the type of pesticide used as well as the magnitude of exposure.
Collapse
|
30
|
Androutsopoulos VP, Hernandez AF, Liesivuori J, Tsatsakis AM. A mechanistic overview of health associated effects of low levels of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides. Toxicology 2012; 307:89-94. [PMID: 23041710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides are compounds that can be detected in human populations as a result of occupational or residential exposure. Despite their occurrence in considerably low levels in humans, their biological effects are hazardous since they interact with a plethora of enzymes, proteins, receptors and transcription factors. In this review we summarize the cell and molecular effects of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides with respect to their toxicity, with particular emphasis on glucose and lipid metabolism, their interaction with some members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors, including the steroid and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors that changes the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification. More importantly, evidence regarding the metabolic degradation of pesticides and their accumulation in tissues is presented. Potential non-cholinergic mechanisms after long-term low-dose organophosphate exposure resulting in neurodevelopmental outcomes and neurodegeneration are also addressed. We conclude that the mechanism of pesticide-mediated toxicity is a combination of various enzyme-inhibitory, metabolic and transcriptional events acting at the cellular and molecular level.
Collapse
|
31
|
Deltamethrin-induced genotoxicity and testicular injury in rats: Comparison with biopesticide. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3421-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
32
|
Manfo FPT, Moundipa PF, Déchaud H, Tchana AN, Nantia EA, Zabot MT, Pugeat M. Effect of agropesticides use on male reproductive function: a study on farmers in Djutitsa (Cameroon). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:423-432. [PMID: 22707221 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of agropesticides on male reproductive function in farmers in Djutitsa (West Cameroon). To this end, 47 farmers in Djutitsa were asked questions on their health status and pesticide use in agriculture. Thereafter, their blood samples were collected for assessment of sex hormones including serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androstenedione, testosterone, as well as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Their serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were also measured. Thirty seven men not exposed to agropesticides were recruited as control group. Fifty six pesticides containing 25 active substances were currently used by farmers enrolled in our study, and most of their symptoms were related to spread/use of these chemicals. Compared to the control group, there was no significant difference in FSH, LH, SHBG, estradiol, and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) levels. Farmers had significantly lower serum testosterone (20.93 ± 1.03 nM vs. 24.32 ± 1.32 nM; P < 0.05) and higher androstenedione level (3.83 ± 0.20 nM vs. 2.80 ± 0.15 nM; P < 0.001). Their serum free testosterone as well as bioavailable testosterone were unchanged, while estradiol/testosterone and androstenedione/testosterone ratios were significantly increased (0.45 ± 0.03% vs. 0.33 ± 0.02%; P < 0.01 and 12.26 ± 3.64 vs 19.31 ± 6.82; P < 0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that male farmers of Djutitsa (West Cameroon) are exposed to agropesticides due to improper protective tool, and this exposure may impair their reproductive function through inhibition of testosterone synthesis; probably by inhibition of testicular 17β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD3) and induction of aromatase (CYP19).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faustin Pascal Tsagué Manfo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Novais SC, De Coen W, Amorim MJB. Gene expression responses linked to reproduction effect concentrations (EC 10,20,50,90) of dimethoate, atrazine and carbendazim, in Enchytraeus albidus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36068. [PMID: 22558331 PMCID: PMC3338630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular mechanisms of response to pesticides are scarce and information on such responses from soil invertebrates is almost inexistent. Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) is a standard soil ecotoxicology model species for which effects of many pesticides are known on survival, reproduction and avoidance behaviour. With the recent microarray development additional information can be retrieved on the molecular effects. Methodology/Principal Findings Experiments were performed to investigate the transcription responses of E. albidus when exposed to three pesticides – dimethoate (insecticide), atrazine (herbicide) and carbendazim (fungicide) – in a range of concentrations that inhibited reproduction by 10%, 20%, 50% and 90% (EC10, EC20, EC50 and EC90, respectively). The goal of this study was to further identify key biological processes affected by each compound and if dose-related. All three pesticides significantly affected biological processes like translation, regulation of the cell cycle or general response to stress. Intracellular signalling and microtubule-based movement were affected by dimethoate and carbendazim whereas atrazine affected lipid and steroid metabolism (also by dimethoate) or carbohydrate metabolism (also by carbendazim). Response to DNA damage/DNA repair was exclusively affected by carbendazim. Conclusions Changes in gene expression were significantly altered after 2 days of exposure in a dose-related manner. The mechanisms of response were comparable with the ones for mammals, suggesting across species conserved modes of action. The present results indicate the potential of using gene expression in risk assessment and the advantage as early markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Novais
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nair PMG, Choi J. Effects of cadmium chloride and nonylphenol on the expression of StAR-related lipid transfer domain containing protein (START1) gene in aquatic midge, Chironomus riparius. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:369-74. [PMID: 22056801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We identified and characterized a partial cDNA of StAR-related lipid transfer domain containing protein gene from Chironomus riparius (CrSTART1) having homology with human MLN64 and Drosophila melanogaster START1 (DmSTART1) and evaluated the effects of cadmium chloride (Cd) and nonylphenol (NP) on its expression. Pfam analysis identified the presence of two StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domains in CrSTART1 having several conserved amino acid residues, characteristic of the MLN64 and DmSTART1. The mRNA expression of CrSTART1 was observed in all developmental stages. The modulation in the mRNA expression of CrSTART1 was investigated after exposure to different concentrations Cd (0, 2, 10, and 20 mg/L) and NP (0, 10, 50, and 100 μg/L) for different time intervals in fourth instar larvae of C. riparius. Significant downregulation of CrSTART1 mRNA was observed after exposure to 2, 10 and 20 mg/L of Cd for 24, 48 and 72 h. Significant upregulation of CrSTART1 was observed after exposure to 10 and 50 μg/L of NP for 24, and 48 h period. At 100 μg/L of NP significant upregulation of CrSTART1 was observed after 12 h and downregulated after 24, 48 and 72 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash M Gopalakrishnan Nair
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Involvement of IGF-I signaling pathway in the regulation of steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells treated with fenvalerate. Toxicology 2012; 292:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
36
|
Cantharidin and norcantharidin inhibit caprine luteal cell steroidogenesis in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
37
|
Maia LO, Júnior WD, Carvalho LS, Jesus LR, Paiva GD, Araujo P, Costa MFO, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Mazaro-Costa R. Association of methamidophos and sleep loss on reproductive toxicity of male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:155-161. [PMID: 21843794 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of organophosphate exposure on the male reproductive system of mice submitted to chronic sleep loss condition. Adult Swiss mice were distributed into 4 groups: control; methamidophos (MTP); sleep restriction (SR); and MTP+SR. The dose of methamidophos was 0.002 mgkg(-1)day(-1) (half of the Acceptable Daily Intake). Sleep restriction condition was 21 h day(-1) during 15 days. In relation to control group, MTP treatment induced a significant reduction of 12% on morphologically normal spermatozoa in both MTP and MTP+SR groups. In addition, the absolute and relative weights of the seminal vesicles were decreased (MTP, -34%; MTP+SR, -45%). Epididymal fat was reduced in SR groups (SR, -64%; MTP+SR, -58%). Plasma testosterone levels were significantly decreased in MTP and SR groups, and progesterone levels were increased 8 times in MTP+SR in comparison with the control group. The corticosterone levels were unaffected by MTP or SR conditions. Thus, low dose MTP exposure resulted in deleterious effects on the male reproductive system. Sleep loss associated with MTP potentiated the effect on steroidogenesis, mainly in terms of progesterone levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas O Maia
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Species-specific sensitivity to selenium-induced impairment of cortisol secretion in adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 253:137-44. [PMID: 21466817 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Species differences in physiological and biochemical attributes exist even among closely related species and may underlie species-specific sensitivity to toxicants. Rainbow trout (RT) are more sensitive than brook trout (BT) to the teratogenic effects of selenium (Se), but it is not known whether all tissues exhibit this pattern of vulnerability. In this study, primary cultures of RT and BT adrenocortical cells were exposed to selenite (Na(2)SO(3)) and selenomethionine (Se-Met) to compare cell viability and ACTH-stimulated cortisol secretion in the two fish species. Cortisol, the primary stress hormone in fish, facilitates maintenance of homeostasis when fish are exposed to stressors, including toxicants. Cell viability was not affected by Se, but selenite impaired cortisol secretion, while Se-Met did not (RT and BT EC(50)>2000mg/L). RT cells were more sensitive (EC(50)=8.7mg/L) to selenite than BT cells (EC(50)=90.4mg/L). To identify the targets where Se disrupts cortisol synthesis, selenite-impaired RT and BT cells were stimulated with ACTH, dbcAMP, OH-cholesterol, and pregnenolone. Selenite acted at different steps in the cortisol biosynthesis pathway in RT and BT cells, confirming a species-specific toxicity mechanism. To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress mediates Se-induced toxicity, selenite-impaired RT cells were exposed to NAC, BSO and antioxidants (DETCA, ATA, Vit A, and Vit E). Inhibition of SOD by DETCA enhanced selenite-induced cortisol impairment, indicating that oxidative stress plays a role in Se toxicity; however, modifying GSH content of the cells did not have an effect. The results of this study, with two closely related salmonids, provided additional evidence for species-specific differences in sensitivity to Se which should be considered when setting thresholds and water quality guidelines.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chakraborty T, Katsu Y, Zhou LY, Miyagawa S, Nagahama Y, Iguchi T. Estrogen receptors in medaka (Oryzias latipes) and estrogenic environmental contaminants: an in vitro-in vivo correlation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 123:115-21. [PMID: 21145966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In many vertebrates, estrogens are necessary to promote the growth and differentiation of the female reproductive system during development, and have important reproductive roles in both males and females. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) has three estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα, ERβ1 and ERβ2. To evaluate the three medaka ER (mER)-ligand interactions, we applied the ERE-luciferase reporter assay system to characterize each ER subtype. In this transient transfection assay system using mammalian cells, the mER proteins displayed estrogen-dependent activation. 17β-Estradiol (E(2)) and op'-DDT showed high activation irrespective of ERs. Endosulfan also exhibited activation; with less/no transactivity measured using other pesticides, i.e., heptachlor, carbendazim, deltamethrin, acephate, dimethoate and amitraz. It was generally observed that ERβ2 had higher activation potential than ERα and ERβ1. To understand the molecular mechanism of estrogen action via ER, we also conducted E(2) treatment where we observed a trigger in ERβ2 expression upon E(2) exposure. The present data suggest that ERβ2 is essential for female gonad maintenance. The data were supported by induction of vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA in the liver and reduced VTG receptor mRNA expression in the gonad of both sexes. The present work will provide a basic tool allowing future studies to examine the receptor-ligand interactions and endocrine disrupting mechanisms, and also expands our knowledge of estrogen action on reproductive development in medaka.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Paden NE, Carr JA, Kendall RJ, Wages M, Smith EE. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in male American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and preliminary evaluation of the response to TNT. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:41-45. [PMID: 20416921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein mRNA in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Primers and probes were designed to obtain a partial sequence of bullfrog StAR cDNA consisting of 349 base pairs. Quantitative PCR analysis of StAR mRNA equivalents was performed in tissues of juvenile and adult bullfrogs. In this study 18S mRNA was used as an internal standard. There were no differences in the expression of 18S RNA among tissues or between age groups. In juvenile males, the rank order for the constitutive levels of StAR was testes>skin>brain>kidneys. In adult males, StAR mRNA equivalent was greatest in testes, followed by kidneys, brain, and skin. In addition, stimulation and induction of testicular StAR by human chorionic gonadotropin significantly increased expression of StAR at 2, 4, and 6h after injection. Preliminary evaluation of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) revealed that acute exposure is associated with reduction of StAR mRNA expression. The information provided in this study will be useful for future research on StAR gene expression in amphibian reproductive biology and the development of reproductive biomarkers.
Collapse
|
41
|
Verma R, Mohanty B. Early-Life Exposure to Dimethoate-Induced Reproductive Toxicity: Evaluation of Effects on Pituitary-Testicular Axis of Mice. Toxicol Sci 2009; 112:450-8. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
42
|
Gomes J, Lloyd OL. Oral exposure of mice to formulations of organophosphorous pesticides: gestational and litter outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2009; 19:125-137. [PMID: 19370463 DOI: 10.1080/09603120802415818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine gestational and litter outcomes in mice models from oral exposure to a mixture of formulations of organophosphorous pesticides used in local vegetable production. Male and female mice were exposed to premating and preconception, respectively, to a mixture of organophosphorous pesticide formulations for a period of 7 weeks. The pregnant dams were monitored during gestation and delivered by Caesarean section pre-partum. The percentages of resorptions and the resorptions/implantations ratios, in all the exposed groups, were significantly higher than the reference and the control groups. Percentages of litters with one or more lost embryos were observed in all the exposed groups and were significantly higher than the comparison groups. Fetal weights were significantly lower and the maternal weight gains per live fetus were significantly higher in the medium-dose-exposed groups than the control group. Percentages of fetuses with intra-uterine growth retardation at one standard deviation were significantly higher in all the exposed groups than the comparison groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Gomes
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Milnes MR, Guillette LJ. Alligator Tales: New Lessons about Environmental Contaminants from a Sentinel Species. Bioscience 2008. [DOI: 10.1641/b581106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
44
|
Maitra SK, Mitra A. Testicular functions and serum titers of LH and testosterone in methyl parathion-fed roseringed parakeets. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 71:236-244. [PMID: 18029014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adult male roseringed parakeets were fed concentrations (0, 10 or 20 microg/100g body wt./day) of methyl parathion (MP) for 5 or 10 days. There were four sampling periods for each treatment group. The first two sampling periods were after 5 or 10 days of daily dosing. In two other sampling periods, birds were given daily doses for 10 days, and sampling occurred at 5 or 10 days after the end of treatment. A significant dose- and duration-dependent reduction in the paired testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameters, the number of tubules with healthy germ cells, plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone occurred in MP-fed birds. The inhibitory influences of MP persisted till day-5 and followed by recovery from the gonado-suppressive effects of MP at day-10 after the end of last treatment for 10 days. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that MP-induced testicular dysfunctions in parakeets possibly results from an impaired activity of hypophysial-gonadal axis. Moreover, it is evident that the organophosphorous (OP)-induced changes in the avian testes are reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Kumar Maitra
- Department of Zoology, Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Arukwe A, Nordtug T, Kortner TM, Mortensen AS, Brakstad OG. Modulation of steroidogenesis and xenobiotic biotransformation responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to water-soluble fraction of crude oil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 107:362-370. [PMID: 18396270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Revised: 02/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The induction of CYP enzyme activities, particularly CYP1A1, through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in most vertebrate species is among the most studied biochemical response to planar and aromatic organic contaminant exposure. Since P450 families play central roles in the oxidative metabolism of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds, interactions between the biotransformation processes and reproductive physiological responses are inevitable. Steroidogenesis is the process by which specialized cells in specific tissues, such as the gonad, brain (neurosteroids) and kidney, synthesize steroid hormones. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil on the xenobiotic biotransformation and steroidogenic processes in the head (brain) and whole-body tissue of a model species by transcript analysis using quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme activities and steroid hormone (testosterone: T and 17beta-estradiol: E2) levels using enzyme immune assay (EIA). Our data showed that exposure of fish to WSF produced an apparent concentration-specific increase of AhR1, CYP1A1 and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) mRNA levels, and decrease of AhR2. On the activity level, WSF produced concentration-specific increase of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), benzyloxyresorufin (BROD) methoxyresorufin (MROD) and pentoxyresorufin (PROD) activities in whole-body tissue. In the steroidogenic pathway, WSF exposure produced apparent concentration-specific decrease of ER* and ERbeta, steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), P450aromA and P450aromB mRNA expression. For steroid hormones, while T levels decreased, E2 levels increased in an apparent WSF concentration-specific manner. In general, the xenobiotic biotransformation and estrogenic responses showed negative relationship after exposure of zebrafish to WSF, suggesting an interaction between these physiological pathways. The relationship between WSF mediated changes in brain StAR, P450scc, 3beta-HSD, ER*alpha, ERbeta, P450aromA, P450aromB and whole-body steroid hormone levels suggests that the experimental animals might be experiencing altered neurosteroidogenesis probably through increased activity level of the biotransformation system. Thus, these responses might represent sensitive diagnostic tools for short-term and acute exposure of fish or other aquatic organisms to WSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Milnes MR, Bryan TA, Katsu Y, Kohno S, Moore BC, Iguchi T, Guillette LJ. Increased Posthatching Mortality and Loss of Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression in Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from a Contaminated Environment1. Biol Reprod 2008; 78:932-8. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.064915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
47
|
Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc)-regulated steroidogenesis as an organ-specific molecular and cellular target for endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 24:527-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
Gomes J, Lloyd OL, Hong Z. Oral exposure of male and female mice to formulations of organophosphorous pesticides: congenital malformations. Hum Exp Toxicol 2008; 27:231-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327108090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Birth outcome was studied in pre-partum litters of mice exposed to oral doses of organophosphorous pesticides at low and high concentrations before mating. Exposed and unexposed pregnant dams were delivered by Caesarean section 1 day before partum, the fetuses were collected, counted and weighed, and the numbers of resorptions were recorded. Live litter sizes were non-significantly higher in all the exposed groups compared with the control group. The numbers of resorptions were significantly higher in all the exposed groups than in the comparison groups. The incidence of intra-uterine growth retardation was significantly higher in all the exposed groups than in the comparison groups. The incidences of congenital malformations were significantly higher in the exposed groups than in one or more of the comparison groups for the defects of the ears, eyes, jaws, brain, and tongue in all the exposed groups. Low set microtia, cataract or open eyelids, microcephaly or anencephaly, maxillary or mandibular hypoplasia, and protruding tongue were observed in all groups, but the numbers were significantly higher in the exposed groups compared with one or more of the comparison groups. Curled or missing tail and intra-auricular septal or intra-ventricular septal defects were observed in higher numbers in the groups in which both the males and the females were exposed than in the comparison groups. Male:female sex ratios were significantly higher in the groups in which males only and females only were exposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gomes
- Health Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics (CAREG), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - OL Lloyd
- Formerly Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Z Hong
- Blood Safety Surveillance Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Meeker JD, Ravi SR, Barr DB, Hauser R. Circulating estradiol in men is inversely related to urinary metabolites of nonpersistent insecticides. Reprod Toxicol 2007; 25:184-91. [PMID: 18249523 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estradiol plays an important role in male reproductive health as a germ cell survival factor. Chlorpyrifos and carbaryl, nonpersistent insecticides to which the general population are commonly exposed, were recently shown to inhibit estradiol metabolism in vitro which could lead to altered hormone balance. METHODS Subjects (N=322) were the male partners in couples presenting to a Massachusetts infertility clinic from years 2000-2003. 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), the major urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 1- and 2-naphthol (1N and 2N), urinary metabolites of carbaryl and naphthalene, were measured in a spot urine sample from each subject. Estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and prolactin were measured in serum collected from subjects during the same clinic visit. RESULTS Using multiple linear regression, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in TCPY was associated with a 1.36 pg/mL decline (95% confidence interval=-2.91 to -0.22) in estradiol concentration. When estradiol and TCPY were divided into quintiles, there was a dose-dependent increase in the odds of being in the lowest estradiol quintile with increasing TCPY quintiles. CONCLUSION On a population level, these reductions in estradiol levels are of potential public health importance because of widespread exposure to TCPY and its parent insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vang SH, Kortner TM, Arukwe A. Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) Protein and Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage (P450scc) as Molecular and Cellular Targets for 17α-Ethynylestradiol in Salmon Previtellogenic Oocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:1811-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx700228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siv-Hege Vang
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond M. Kortner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|