|
1
|
La Paglia L, Mauro M, Arizza V, Urso A, Simon S, Drahos L, di Stefano V, Luparello C, Vazzana M, Vizzini A. Bioinformatics analyses of the proteome of Holothuria tubulosa coelomic fluid and the first evidence of primary cilium in coelomocyte cells. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1539751. [PMID: 40443667 PMCID: PMC12119288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1539751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025] Open
Abstract
The holothurian immune system is characterized by complex defense mechanisms that act through humoral and cellular pathways. Coelomocites are the cellular component of coelomic fluid, and they are involved in host defense, stress response, wound healing, organ regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. The close phylogenetic relationship between Holothuria tubulosa and chordate phylum makes it a good model for studying the evolution of immune processes. To elucidate the immune landscape in H. tubulosa, we applied an approach combining proteomic analysis of coelomic fluid separated into cellular fraction and extracellular fraction and bioinformatics and in silico analyses. A Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Protein analysis indicated a highly functional homology to the human protein of immune recognition factors, non-canonical immune-related proteins, signaling molecules, and effector protein, cytoskeleton, and actin remodeling, and provided the first evidence in invertebrate immune cells of an intracellular protein fraction linked to ancestral structure resembling primary cilium involved in cell signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura La Paglia
- Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR)-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Department of Biological and Technological Science, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science (STEBICEF), University of Studies of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological and Technological Science, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science (STEBICEF), University of Studies of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso Urso
- Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR)-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sugár Simon
- Mass Spectrometry (MS) Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Drahos
- Mass Spectrometry (MS) Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vita di Stefano
- Department of Biological and Technological Science, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science (STEBICEF), University of Studies of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological and Technological Science, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science (STEBICEF), University of Studies of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Department of Biological and Technological Science, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science (STEBICEF), University of Studies of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Department of Biological and Technological Science, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science (STEBICEF), University of Studies of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Longo F, Di Gaudio F, Attanzio A, Marretta L, Luparello C, Indelicato S, Bongiorno D, Barone G, Tesoriere L, Giardina IC, Abruscato G, Perlotti M, Hornsby LB, Arizza V, Vazzana M, Marrone F, Vizzini A, Martino C, Savoca D, Queiroz V, Fabbrizio A, Mauro M. Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of Procambarus clarkii: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1635. [PMID: 39766342 PMCID: PMC11726989 DOI: 10.3390/biom14121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates, for the first time, the reducing capacity, radical scavenger activity, and in vitro antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of chitosan, astaxanthin, and bio-phenols extracted from the exoskeleton of Sicilian Procambarus clarkii, the most widespread species of invasive crayfish in the Mediterranean region. Among the extracted compounds, astaxanthin exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in all assays. Chitosan and polyphenols demonstrated reducing and radical scavenging activity; chitosan showed significant ferric ion reducing capacity in the FRAP test, while bio-phenolic compounds displayed notable radical scavenging activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays. Both astaxanthin and polyphenols showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity on two different cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.45 µg/mL (phenolic extract) and 4.28 µg/mL (astaxanthin extract) for HepG2 cells and 2.45 µg/mL (phenolic extract) and 4.57 µg/mL (astaxanthin extract) for CaCo-2 cells. The bio-phenolic extract also showed potential anti-inflammatory effects in vitro by inhibiting nitric oxide production in inflamed RAW 264.7 macrophages, reducing the treated/control NO ratio to 77% and 74% at concentrations of 1.25 and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that P. clarkii exoskeletons could be a valuable source of bioactive molecules for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical application while contributing to the sustainable management of this invasive species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Longo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Department PROMISE, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Laura Marretta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - David Bongiorno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Ilenia Concetta Giardina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Giulia Abruscato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Manuela Perlotti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Lucie Branwen Hornsby
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Marrone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Savoca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vinicius Queiroz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Fabbrizio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences (DiSTA), University e Campus, 22060 Novedrate, Italy;
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.); (C.L.); (S.I.); (D.B.); (G.B.); (L.T.); (I.C.G.); (M.P.); (L.B.H.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (F.M.); (A.V.); (C.M.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Seydi E, Shahbazi N, Barzegar M, Nazemi M, Mohsenifar Z, Eskandari MR, Pourahmad J. Toxicity Effect of Holothuria Lessoni Sea Cucumber on Cancerous Mitochondria Obtained from Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:3717-3723. [PMID: 39471040 PMCID: PMC11711362 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.10.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant type of liver cancer. In spite of many treatment approaches, its treatment is still associated with challenges. Therefore, new approaches with minimal side effects are necessary for its treatment. Sea cucumbers are marine animals that have many biologically active compounds. They are rich in useful compounds and have high nutritional value. It has been reported to have many pharmacological effects, including anticancer. This research was designed to investigate the effects of Holothuria lessoni (H. lessoni) sea cucumber toxicity in HCC model rats. METHODS Cancer was induced in rats using diethyl nitrosamine (200 mg/kg DEN/single dose) + 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF/ dietary/ 0.02% w/w for two weeks). After 15 weeks, hepatocytes and mitochondria were isolated to evaluate toxicity tests. RESULT The results of the study showed that H. lessoni (62.5, 125, and 250 µg/ml) were able to cause toxicity only in cancerous mitochondria by increasing the level of free radicals, disrupting the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane, and initiating cell death signaling (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It was suggested that H. lessoni sea cucumber may be beneficial in the treatment of HCC along with selected drugs. However, more studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Shahbazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Barzegar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Melika Nazemi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Mohsenifar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Eskandari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|