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Di Felice M, Pagano L, Pennacchietti V, Diop A, Pietrangeli P, Marcocci L, Di Matteo S, Malagrinò F, Toto A, Gianni S. The binding selectivity of the C-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2, but not its folding pathway, is dictated by its contiguous SH2 domain. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107129. [PMID: 38432639 PMCID: PMC10979101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein Grb2, or growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, possesses a pivotal role in the transmission of fundamental molecular signals in the cell. Despite lacking enzymatic activity, Grb2 functions as a dynamic assembly platform, orchestrating intracellular signals through its modular structure. This study delves into the energetic communication of Grb2 domains, focusing on the folding and binding properties of the C-SH3 domain linked to its neighboring SH2 domain. Surprisingly, while the folding and stability of C-SH3 remain robust and unaffected by SH2 presence, significant differences emerge in the binding properties when considered within the tandem context compared with isolated C-SH3. Through a double mutant cycle analysis, we highlighted a subset of residues, located at the interface with the SH2 domain and far from the binding site, finely regulating the binding of a peptide mimicking a physiological ligand of the C-SH3 domain. Our results have mechanistic implications about the mechanisms of specificity of the C-SH3 domain, indicating that the presence of the SH2 domain optimizes binding to its physiological target, and emphasizing the general importance of considering supramodular multidomain protein structures to understand the functional intricacies of protein-protein interaction domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Awa Diop
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pietrangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Medicina clinica, sanità pubblica, scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy.
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Seal S, Chakraborty T, Polley S, Paul D, Banerjee N, Sinha D, Dutta A, Chatterjee S, Sau K, Ghosh Dastidar S, Sau S. Modeling and monitoring the effects of three partly conserved Ile residues in the dimerization domain of a Mip-like virulence factor from Escherichia coli. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37902555 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
FKBP22, an Escherichia coli-made peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, has shown considerable homology with Mip-like virulence factors. While the C-terminal domain of this enzyme is used for executing catalytic function and binding inhibitor, the N-terminal domain is employed for its dimerization. To precisely determine the underlying factors of FKBP22 dimerization, its structural model, developed using a suitable template, was carefully inspected. The data show that the dimeric FKBP22, like dimeric Mip proteins, has a V-like shape. Further, it dimerizes using 40 amino acid residues including Ile 9, Ile 17, Ile 42, and Ile 65. All of the above Ile residues except Ile 9 are partly conserved in the Mip-like proteins. To confirm the roles of the partly conserved Ile residues, three FKBP22 mutants, constructed by substituting them with an Ala residue, were studied as well. The results together indicate that Ile 65 has little role in maintaining the dimeric state or enzymatic activity of FKBP22. Conversely, both Ile 17 and Ile 42 are essential for preserving the structure, enzymatic activity, and dimerization ability of FKBP22. Ile 42 in particular looks more essential to FKBP22. However, none of these two Ile residues is required for binding the cognate inhibitor. Additional computational studies also indicated the change of V-shape and the dimeric state of FKBP22 due to the Ala substitution at position 42. The ways Ile 17 and Ile 42 protect the structure, function, and dimerization of FKBP22 have been discussed at length.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Seal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Soumitra Polley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Debarati Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Debasmita Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Keya Sau
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, India
| | | | - Subrata Sau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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3
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Bondos SE, Dunker AK, Uversky VN. Intrinsically disordered proteins play diverse roles in cell signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:20. [PMID: 35177069 PMCID: PMC8851865 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Signaling pathways allow cells to detect and respond to a wide variety of chemical (e.g. Ca2+ or chemokine proteins) and physical stimuli (e.g., sheer stress, light). Together, these pathways form an extensive communication network that regulates basic cell activities and coordinates the function of multiple cells or tissues. The process of cell signaling imposes many demands on the proteins that comprise these pathways, including the abilities to form active and inactive states, and to engage in multiple protein interactions. Furthermore, successful signaling often requires amplifying the signal, regulating or tuning the response to the signal, combining information sourced from multiple pathways, all while ensuring fidelity of the process. This sensitivity, adaptability, and tunability are possible, in part, due to the inclusion of intrinsically disordered regions in many proteins involved in cell signaling. The goal of this collection is to highlight the many roles of intrinsic disorder in cell signaling. Following an overview of resources that can be used to study intrinsically disordered proteins, this review highlights the critical role of intrinsically disordered proteins for signaling in widely diverse organisms (animals, plants, bacteria, fungi), in every category of cell signaling pathway (autocrine, juxtacrine, intracrine, paracrine, and endocrine) and at each stage (ligand, receptor, transducer, effector, terminator) in the cell signaling process. Thus, a cell signaling pathway cannot be fully described without understanding how intrinsically disordered protein regions contribute to its function. The ubiquitous presence of intrinsic disorder in different stages of diverse cell signaling pathways suggest that more mechanisms by which disorder modulates intra- and inter-cell signals remain to be discovered. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - A Keith Dunker
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
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4
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Experimental Characterization of the Interaction between the N-Terminal SH3 Domain of Crkl and C3G. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413174. [PMID: 34947971 PMCID: PMC8705818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crkl is a protein involved in the onset of several cancer pathologies that exerts its function only through its protein-protein interaction domains, a SH2 domain and two SH3 domains. SH3 domains are small protein interaction modules that mediate the binding and recognition of proline-rich sequences. One of the main physiological interactors of Crkl is C3G (also known as RAPGEF1), an interaction with key implications in regulating cellular growth and differentiation, cell morphogenesis and adhesion processes. Thus, understanding the interaction between Crkl and C3G is fundamental to gaining information about the molecular determinants of the several cancer pathologies in which these proteins are involved. In this paper, through a combination of fast kinetics at different experimental conditions and site-directed mutagenesis, we characterize the binding reaction between the N-SH3 domain of Crkl and a peptide mimicking a specific portion of C3G. Our results show a clear effect of pH on the stability of the complex, due to the protonation of negatively charged residues in the binding pocket of N-SH3. Our results are discussed under the light of previous work on SH3 domains.
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Targeting the Interaction between the SH3 Domain of Grb2 and Gab2. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112435. [PMID: 33171874 PMCID: PMC7695167 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gab2 is a scaffolding protein, overexpressed in many types of cancers, that plays a key role in the formation of signaling complexes involved in cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The interaction between Gab2 and the C-terminal SH3 domain of the protein Grb2 is crucial for the activation of the proliferation-signaling pathway Ras/Erk, thus representing a potential pharmacological target. In this study, we identified, by virtual screening, seven potential inhibitor molecules that were experimentally tested through kinetic and equilibrium binding experiments. One compound showed a remarkable effect in lowering the affinity of the C-SH3 domain for Gab2. This inhibitory effect was subsequently validated in cellula by using lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299. Our results are discussed under the light of previous works on the C-SH3:Gab2 interaction.
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Toto A, Troilo F, Malagrinò F, Gianni S. Understanding Binding-Induced Folding by Temperature Jump. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2020; 2141:651-661. [PMID: 32696382 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0524-0_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Temperature jump is a powerful technique for the characterization of fast kinetics and can be readily employed to understand both binding and folding reactions. Here we summarize briefly a temperature-jump prototypical experiment between an intrinsically disordered protein and its physiological partner. The model used is the NTAIL domain from Measles virus Nucleoprotein and its natural ligand, the globular PXD domain from Measles virus Phosphoprotein. We recapitulate how to set up the experiment and how to analyze data in order to extract the kinetic parameters of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Toto A, Malagrinò F, Visconti L, Troilo F, Pagano L, Brunori M, Jemth P, Gianni S. Templated folding of intrinsically disordered proteins. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6586-6593. [PMID: 32253236 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.012413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of our current knowledge of biological chemistry is founded in the structure-function relationship, whereby sequence determines structure that determines function. Thus, the discovery that a large fraction of the proteome is intrinsically disordered, while being functional, has revolutionized our understanding of proteins and raised new and interesting questions. Many intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have been determined to undergo a disorder-to-order transition when recognizing their physiological partners, suggesting that their mechanisms of folding are intrinsically different from those observed in globular proteins. However, IDPs also follow some of the classic paradigms established for globular proteins, pointing to important similarities in their behavior. In this review, we compare and contrast the folding mechanisms of globular proteins with the emerging features of binding-induced folding of intrinsically disordered proteins. Specifically, whereas disorder-to-order transitions of intrinsically disordered proteins appear to follow rules of globular protein folding, such as the cooperative nature of the reaction, their folding pathways are remarkably more malleable, due to the heterogeneous nature of their folding nuclei, as probed by analysis of linear free-energy relationship plots. These insights have led to a new model for the disorder-to-order transition in IDPs termed "templated folding," whereby the binding partner dictates distinct structural transitions en route to product, while ensuring a cooperative folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Brunori
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Toto A, Troilo F, Visconti L, Malagrinò F, Bignon C, Longhi S, Gianni S. Binding induced folding: Lessons from the kinetics of interaction between N TAIL and XD. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:255-261. [PMID: 31326517 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) are a class of protein that exert their function despite lacking a well-defined three-dimensional structure, which is sometimes achieved only upon binding to their natural ligands. This feature implies the folding of IDPs to be generally coupled with a binding event, representing an interesting challenge for kinetic studies. In this review, we recapitulate some of the most important findings of IDPs binding-induced folding mechanisms obtained by analyzing their binding kinetics. Furthermore, by focusing on the interaction between the Measles virus NTAIL protein, a prototypical IDP, and its physiological partner, the X domain, we recapitulate the major theoretical and experimental approaches that were used to describe binding induced folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Christophe Bignon
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolećules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR7257, Marseille, France
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolećules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR7257, Marseille, France.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Malagrinò F, Troilo F, Bonetti D, Toto A, Gianni S. Mapping the allosteric network within a SH3 domain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8279. [PMID: 31164678 PMCID: PMC6547694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SH3 domains are very abundant protein-protein interactions modules, involved in the regulation of several cellular processes. Whilst they have been associated to allosteric communication pathways between contiguous domains in multi-domain proteins, there is lack of information regarding the intra-domain allosteric cross-talk within the SH3 moiety. Here we scrutinize the presence of an allosteric network in the C-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2 protein, upon binding the Grb2-associated binding 2 protein. To explore allostery, we performed double mutant cycle analysis, a powerful quantitative approach based on mutagenesis in conjunction with kinetic experiments. Data reveal the presence of an unexpected allosteric sparse network that modulates the affinity between the SH3 domain and its physiological partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonetti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Troilo F, Bonetti D, Camilloni C, Toto A, Longhi S, Brunori M, Gianni S. Folding Mechanism of the SH3 Domain from Grb2. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:11166-11173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonetti
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR, 7257 Marseille, France
| | - Maurizio Brunori
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
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