1
|
Pagano L, Simonetti L, Pennacchietti V, Toto A, Malagrinò F, Ivarsson Y, Gianni S. Exploring the short linear motif-mediated protein-protein interactions of CrkL through ProP-PD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149658. [PMID: 38387229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins play a pivotal role in cellular signaling mediating a multitude of protein-protein interaction critical for cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of these interactions has been linked to the onset of various cancer pathologies and exploited by viral pathogens during host cell takeover. CrkL is an adaptor protein composed of an N-terminal SH2 domain followed by two SH3 domains that mediate interactions with diverse partners through the recognition of specific binding motifs. In this study, we employed proteomic peptide-phage display (ProP-PD) to comprehensively explore the short linear motif (SLiM)-based interactions of CrkL. Furthermore, we scrutinized how the binding affinity for selected peptides was influenced in the context of the full-length CrkL versus the isolated N-SH3 domain. Importantly, our results provided insights into SLiM-binding sites within previously reported interactors, as well as revealing novel human and viral ligands, expanding our understanding of the interactions mediated by CrkL and highlighting the significance of SLiM-based interactions in mediating adaptor protein function, with implications for cancer and viral pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Universita di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - L Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Universita di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Universita di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - F Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Medicina clinica, sanità pubblica, scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, L'Aquila, Coppito, 67010, Italy
| | - Y Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - S Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Universita di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Felice M, Pagano L, Pennacchietti V, Diop A, Pietrangeli P, Marcocci L, Di Matteo S, Malagrinò F, Toto A, Gianni S. The binding selectivity of the C-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2, but not its folding pathway, is dictated by its contiguous SH2 domain. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107129. [PMID: 38432639 PMCID: PMC10979101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein Grb2, or growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, possesses a pivotal role in the transmission of fundamental molecular signals in the cell. Despite lacking enzymatic activity, Grb2 functions as a dynamic assembly platform, orchestrating intracellular signals through its modular structure. This study delves into the energetic communication of Grb2 domains, focusing on the folding and binding properties of the C-SH3 domain linked to its neighboring SH2 domain. Surprisingly, while the folding and stability of C-SH3 remain robust and unaffected by SH2 presence, significant differences emerge in the binding properties when considered within the tandem context compared with isolated C-SH3. Through a double mutant cycle analysis, we highlighted a subset of residues, located at the interface with the SH2 domain and far from the binding site, finely regulating the binding of a peptide mimicking a physiological ligand of the C-SH3 domain. Our results have mechanistic implications about the mechanisms of specificity of the C-SH3 domain, indicating that the presence of the SH2 domain optimizes binding to its physiological target, and emphasizing the general importance of considering supramodular multidomain protein structures to understand the functional intricacies of protein-protein interaction domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Awa Diop
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pietrangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Medicina clinica, sanità pubblica, scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy.
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pietrangeli P, Marcocci L, Pennacchietti V, Diop A, Di Felice M, Pagano L, Malagrinò F, Toto A, Brunori M, Gianni S. The Mechanism of Folding of Human Frataxin in Comparison to the Yeast Homologue - Broad Energy Barriers and the General Properties of the Transition State. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168555. [PMID: 38552947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The funneled energy landscape theory suggests that the folding pathway of homologous proteins should converge at the late stages of folding. In this respect, proteins displaying a broad energy landscape for folding are particularly instructive, allowing inferring both the early, intermediate and late stages of folding. In this paper we explore the folding mechanisms of human frataxin, an essential mitochondrial protein linked to the neurodegenerative disorder Friedreich's ataxia. Building upon previous studies on the yeast homologue, the folding pathway of human frataxin is thoroughly examined, revealing a mechanism implying the presence of a broad energy barrier, reminiscent of the yeast counterpart. Through an extensive site-directed mutagenesis, we employed a Φ -value analysis to map native-like contacts in the folding transition state. The presence of a broad energy barrier facilitated the exploration of such contacts in both early and late folding events. We compared results from yeast and human frataxin providing insights into the impact of native topology on the folding mechanism and elucidating the properties of the underlying free energy landscape. The findings are discussed in the context of the funneled energy landscape theory of protein folding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pietrangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Awa Diop
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze Della Vita e Dell'ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67010 L'Aquila - Coppito, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Brunori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jain S, Bakolitsa C, Brenner SE, Radivojac P, Moult J, Repo S, Hoskins RA, Andreoletti G, Barsky D, Chellapan A, Chu H, Dabbiru N, Kollipara NK, Ly M, Neumann AJ, Pal LR, Odell E, Pandey G, Peters-Petrulewicz RC, Srinivasan R, Yee SF, Yeleswarapu SJ, Zuhl M, Adebali O, Patra A, Beer MA, Hosur R, Peng J, Bernard BM, Berry M, Dong S, Boyle AP, Adhikari A, Chen J, Hu Z, Wang R, Wang Y, Miller M, Wang Y, Bromberg Y, Turina P, Capriotti E, Han JJ, Ozturk K, Carter H, Babbi G, Bovo S, Di Lena P, Martelli PL, Savojardo C, Casadio R, Cline MS, De Baets G, Bonache S, Díez O, Gutiérrez-Enríquez S, Fernández A, Montalban G, Ootes L, Özkan S, Padilla N, Riera C, De la Cruz X, Diekhans M, Huwe PJ, Wei Q, Xu Q, Dunbrack RL, Gotea V, Elnitski L, Margolin G, Fariselli P, Kulakovskiy IV, Makeev VJ, Penzar DD, Vorontsov IE, Favorov AV, Forman JR, Hasenahuer M, Fornasari MS, Parisi G, Avsec Z, Çelik MH, Nguyen TYD, Gagneur J, Shi FY, Edwards MD, Guo Y, Tian K, Zeng H, Gifford DK, Göke J, Zaucha J, Gough J, Ritchie GRS, Frankish A, Mudge JM, Harrow J, Young EL, Yu Y, Huff CD, Murakami K, Nagai Y, Imanishi T, Mungall CJ, Jacobsen JOB, Kim D, Jeong CS, Jones DT, Li MJ, Guthrie VB, Bhattacharya R, Chen YC, Douville C, Fan J, Kim D, Masica D, Niknafs N, Sengupta S, Tokheim C, Turner TN, Yeo HTG, Karchin R, Shin S, Welch R, Keles S, Li Y, Kellis M, Corbi-Verge C, Strokach AV, Kim PM, Klein TE, Mohan R, Sinnott-Armstrong NA, Wainberg M, Kundaje A, Gonzaludo N, Mak ACY, Chhibber A, Lam HYK, Dahary D, Fishilevich S, Lancet D, Lee I, Bachman B, Katsonis P, Lua RC, Wilson SJ, Lichtarge O, Bhat RR, Sundaram L, Viswanath V, Bellazzi R, Nicora G, Rizzo E, Limongelli I, Mezlini AM, Chang R, Kim S, Lai C, O’Connor R, Topper S, van den Akker J, Zhou AY, Zimmer AD, Mishne G, Bergquist TR, Breese MR, Guerrero RF, Jiang Y, Kiga N, Li B, Mort M, Pagel KA, Pejaver V, Stamboulian MH, Thusberg J, Mooney SD, Teerakulkittipong N, Cao C, Kundu K, Yin Y, Yu CH, Kleyman M, Lin CF, Stackpole M, Mount SM, Eraslan G, Mueller NS, Naito T, Rao AR, Azaria JR, Brodie A, Ofran Y, Garg A, Pal D, Hawkins-Hooker A, Kenlay H, Reid J, Mucaki EJ, Rogan PK, Schwarz JM, Searls DB, Lee GR, Seok C, Krämer A, Shah S, Huang CV, Kirsch JF, Shatsky M, Cao Y, Chen H, Karimi M, Moronfoye O, Sun Y, Shen Y, Shigeta R, Ford CT, Nodzak C, Uppal A, Shi X, Joseph T, Kotte S, Rana S, Rao A, Saipradeep VG, Sivadasan N, Sunderam U, Stanke M, Su A, Adzhubey I, Jordan DM, Sunyaev S, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J, Van Durme J, Tavtigian SV, Carraro M, Giollo M, Tosatto SCE, Adato O, Carmel L, Cohen NE, Fenesh T, Holtzer T, Juven-Gershon T, Unger R, Niroula A, Olatubosun A, Väliaho J, Yang Y, Vihinen M, Wahl ME, Chang B, Chong KC, Hu I, Sun R, Wu WKK, Xia X, Zee BC, Wang MH, Wang M, Wu C, Lu Y, Chen K, Yang Y, Yates CM, Kreimer A, Yan Z, Yosef N, Zhao H, Wei Z, Yao Z, Zhou F, Folkman L, Zhou Y, Daneshjou R, Altman RB, Inoue F, Ahituv N, Arkin AP, Lovisa F, Bonvini P, Bowdin S, Gianni S, Mantuano E, Minicozzi V, Novak L, Pasquo A, Pastore A, Petrosino M, Puglisi R, Toto A, Veneziano L, Chiaraluce R, Ball MP, Bobe JR, Church GM, Consalvi V, Cooper DN, Buckley BA, Sheridan MB, Cutting GR, Scaini MC, Cygan KJ, Fredericks AM, Glidden DT, Neil C, Rhine CL, Fairbrother WG, Alontaga AY, Fenton AW, Matreyek KA, Starita LM, Fowler DM, Löscher BS, Franke A, Adamson SI, Graveley BR, Gray JW, Malloy MJ, Kane JP, Kousi M, Katsanis N, Schubach M, Kircher M, Mak ACY, Tang PLF, Kwok PY, Lathrop RH, Clark WT, Yu GK, LeBowitz JH, Benedicenti F, Bettella E, Bigoni S, Cesca F, Mammi I, Marino-Buslje C, Milani D, Peron A, Polli R, Sartori S, Stanzial F, Toldo I, Turolla L, Aspromonte MC, Bellini M, Leonardi E, Liu X, Marshall C, McCombie WR, Elefanti L, Menin C, Meyn MS, Murgia A, Nadeau KCY, Neuhausen SL, Nussbaum RL, Pirooznia M, Potash JB, Dimster-Denk DF, Rine JD, Sanford JR, Snyder M, Cote AG, Sun S, Verby MW, Weile J, Roth FP, Tewhey R, Sabeti PC, Campagna J, Refaat MM, Wojciak J, Grubb S, Schmitt N, Shendure J, Spurdle AB, Stavropoulos DJ, Walton NA, Zandi PP, Ziv E, Burke W, Chen F, Carr LR, Martinez S, Paik J, Harris-Wai J, Yarborough M, Fullerton SM, Koenig BA, McInnes G, Shigaki D, Chandonia JM, Furutsuki M, Kasak L, Yu C, Chen R, Friedberg I, Getz GA, Cong Q, Kinch LN, Zhang J, Grishin NV, Voskanian A, Kann MG, Tran E, Ioannidis NM, Hunter JM, Udani R, Cai B, Morgan AA, Sokolov A, Stuart JM, Minervini G, Monzon AM, Batzoglou S, Butte AJ, Greenblatt MS, Hart RK, Hernandez R, Hubbard TJP, Kahn S, O’Donnell-Luria A, Ng PC, Shon J, Veltman J, Zook JM. CAGI, the Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation, establishes progress and prospects for computational genetic variant interpretation methods. Genome Biol 2024; 25:53. [PMID: 38389099 PMCID: PMC10882881 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) aims to advance the state-of-the-art for computational prediction of genetic variant impact, particularly where relevant to disease. The five complete editions of the CAGI community experiment comprised 50 challenges, in which participants made blind predictions of phenotypes from genetic data, and these were evaluated by independent assessors. RESULTS Performance was particularly strong for clinical pathogenic variants, including some difficult-to-diagnose cases, and extends to interpretation of cancer-related variants. Missense variant interpretation methods were able to estimate biochemical effects with increasing accuracy. Assessment of methods for regulatory variants and complex trait disease risk was less definitive and indicates performance potentially suitable for auxiliary use in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS Results show that while current methods are imperfect, they have major utility for research and clinical applications. Emerging methods and increasingly large, robust datasets for training and assessment promise further progress ahead.
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Fenza R, Shetty NS, Gianni S, Parcha V, Giammatteo V, Safaee Fakhr B, Tornberg D, Wall O, Harbut P, Lai PS, Li JZ, Paganoni S, Cenci S, Mueller AL, Houle TT, Akeju O, Bittner EA, Bose S, Scott LK, Carroll RW, Ichinose F, Hedenstierna M, Arora P, Berra L. High-Dose Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19: A Multicenter Phase II Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:1293-1304. [PMID: 37774011 PMCID: PMC10765403 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202304-0637oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The effects of high-dose inhaled nitric oxide on hypoxemia in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) acute respiratory failure are unknown. Objectives: The primary outcome was the change in arterial oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) at 48 hours. The secondary outcomes included: time to reach a PaO2/FiO2.300mmHg for at least 24 hours, the proportion of participants with a PaO2/FiO2.300mmHg at 28 days, and survival at 28 and at 90 days. Methods: Mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in a phase II, multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled parallel-arm trial. Participants in the intervention arm received inhaled nitric oxide at 80 ppm for 48 hours, compared with the control group receiving usual care (without placebo). Measurements and Main Results: A total of 193 participants were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The mean change in PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 48 hours was 28.3mmHg in the intervention group and 21.4mmHg in the control group (mean difference, 39.1mmHg; 95% credible interval [CrI], 18.1 to 60.3). The mean time to reach a PaO2/FiO2.300mmHg in the interventional group was 8.7 days, compared with 8.4 days for the control group (mean difference, 0.44; 95% CrI, 23.63 to 4.53). At 28 days, the proportion of participants attaining a PaO2/FiO2.300mmHg was 27.7% in the inhaled nitric oxide group and 17.2% in the control subjects (risk ratio, 2.03; 95% CrI, 1.11 to 3.86). Duration of ventilation and mortality at 28 and 90 days did not differ. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: The use of high-dose inhaled nitric oxide resulted in an improvement of PaO2/FiO2 at 48 hours compared with usual care in adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Di Fenza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naman S. Shetty
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vibhu Parcha
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Valentina Giammatteo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bijan Safaee Fakhr
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Tornberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences and
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and
| | - Olof Wall
- Department of Clinical Sciences and
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Sodersxjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Harbut
- Department of Clinical Sciences and
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and
| | - Peggy S. Lai
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stefano Cenci
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ariel L. Mueller
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Anesthesia Research Center
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy T. Houle
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Anesthesia Research Center
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward A. Bittner
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Somnath Bose
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Louie K. Scott
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Ryan W. Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Anesthesia Critical Care Center for Research, and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Pankaj Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Anesthesia Critical Care Center for Research, and
- Respiratory Care Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diop A, Pietrangeli P, Pennacchietti V, Pagano L, Toto A, Di Felice M, Di Matteo S, Marcocci L, Malagrinò F, Gianni S. Addressing the Binding Mechanism of the Meprin and TRAF-C Homology Domain of the Speckle-Type POZ Protein Using Protein Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17364. [PMID: 38139193 PMCID: PMC10743451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play crucial roles in a wide range of biological processes, including metabolic pathways, cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and the proteasomal system. For PPIs to fulfill their biological functions, they require the specific recognition of a multitude of interacting partners. In many cases, however, protein-protein interaction domains are capable of binding different partners in the intracellular environment, but they require precise regulation of the binding events in order to exert their function properly and avoid misregulation of important molecular pathways. In this work, we focused on the MATH domain of the E3 Ligase adaptor protein SPOP in order to decipher the molecular features underlying its interaction with two different peptides that mimic its physiological partners: Puc and MacroH2A. By employing stopped-flow kinetic binding experiments, together with extensive site-directed mutagenesis, we addressed the roles of specific residues, some of which, although far from the binding site, govern these transient interactions. Our findings are compatible with a scenario in which the binding of the MATH domain with its substrate is characterized by a fine energetic network that regulates its interactions with different ligands. Results are briefly discussed in the context of previously existing work regarding the MATH domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awa Diop
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Paola Pietrangeli
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Livia Pagano
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Angelo Toto
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Mariana Di Felice
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sara Di Matteo
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (P.P.); (S.D.M.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morais CCA, Alcala G, De Santis Santiago RR, Valsecchi C, Diaz E, Wanderley H, Fakhr BS, Di Fenza R, Gianni S, Foote S, Chang MG, Bittner EA, Carroll RW, Costa ELV, Amato MBP, Berra L. Pronation Reveals a Heterogeneous Response of Global and Regional Respiratory Mechanics in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0983. [PMID: 37795456 PMCID: PMC10547249 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental models suggest that prone position and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) homogenize ventral-dorsal ventilation distribution and regional respiratory compliance. However, this response still needs confirmation on humans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the changes in global and regional respiratory mechanics in supine and prone positions over a range of PEEP levels in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. PATIENTS Twenty-two intubated patients with ARDS caused by COVID-19 pneumonia. INTERVENTIONS Electrical impedance tomography and esophageal manometry were applied during PEEP titrations from 20 cm H2O to 6 cm H2O in supine and prone positions. MEASUREMENTS Global respiratory system compliance (Crs), chest wall compliance, regional lung compliance, ventilation distribution in supine and prone positions. MAIN RESULTS Compared with supine position, the maximum level of Crs changed after prone position in 59% of ARDS patients (n = 13), of which the Crs decreased in 32% (n = 7) and increased in 27% (n = 6). To reach maximum Crs after pronation, PEEP was changed in 45% of the patients by at least 4 cm H2O. After pronation, the ventilation and compliance of the dorsal region did not consistently change in the entire sample of patients, increasing specifically in a subgroup of patients who showed a positive change in Crs when transitioning from supine to prone position. These combined changes in ventilation and compliance suggest dorsal recruitment postpronation. In addition, the subgroup with increased Crs postpronation demonstrated the most pronounced difference between dorsal and ventral ventilation distribution from supine to prone position (p = 0.01), indicating heterogeneous ventilation distribution in prone position. CONCLUSIONS Prone position modifies global respiratory compliance in most patients with ARDS. Only a subgroup of patients with a positive change in Crs postpronation presented a consistent improvement in dorsal ventilation and compliance. These data suggest that the response to pronation on global and regional mechanics can vary among ARDS patients, with some patients presenting more dorsal lung recruitment than others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio C A Morais
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Glasiele Alcala
- Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta R De Santis Santiago
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carlo Valsecchi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eduardo Diaz
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hatus Wanderley
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bijan Safaee Fakhr
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raffaele Di Fenza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara Foote
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marvin G Chang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward A Bittner
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan W Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Eduardo L V Costa
- Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Research and Education Institute, Hospital Sírio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B P Amato
- Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu B, Wanderley HV, Gianni S, Carroll RW, Ichinose F, Zapol WM, Berra L. Development of nitric oxide generators to produce high-dose nitric oxide for inhalation therapy. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:17-25. [PMID: 37277062 PMCID: PMC10526742 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several nitric oxide (NO) generating devices have been developed to deliver NO between 1 part per million (ppm) and 80 ppm. Although inhalation of high-dose NO may exert antimicrobial effects, the feasibility and safety of producing high-dose (more than 100 ppm) NO remains to be established. In the current study, we designed, developed, and tested three high-dose NO generating devices. METHODS We constructed three NO generating devices: a double spark plug NO generator, a high-pressure single spark plug NO generator, and a gliding arc NO generator. The NO and NO2 concentrations were measured at different gas flows and under various atmospheric pressures. The double spark plug NO generator was designed to deliver gas through an oxygenator and mixing with pure oxygen. The high-pressure and gliding arc NO generators were used to deliver gas through a ventilator into artificial lungs to mimic delivering high-dose NO in the clinical settings. The energy consumption was measured and compared among the three NO generators. RESULTS The double spark plug NO generator produced 200 ± 2 ppm (mean ± SD) of NO at gas flow of 8 L/min (or 320 ± 3 ppm at gas flow of 5 L/min) with electrode gap of 3 mm. The nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were below 3.0 ± 0.1 ppm when mixing with various volumes of pure oxygen. The addition of a second generator increased the delivered NO from 80 (with one spark plug) to 200 ppm. With the high-pressure chamber, the NO concentration reached 407 ± 3 ppm with continuous air flow at 5 L/min when employing the 3 mm electrode gap under 2.0 atmospheric pressure (ATA). When compared to 1 ATA, NO production was increased 22% at 1.5 ATA and 34% at 2 ATA. The NO level was 180 ± 1 ppm when connecting the device to a ventilator with a constant inspiratory airflow of 15 L/min, and NO2 levels were below 1 (0.93 ± 0.02) ppm. The gliding arc NO generator produced up to 180 ± 4 ppm of NO when connecting the device to a ventilator, and the NO2 level was below 1 (0.91 ± 0.02) ppm in all testing conditions. The gliding arc device required more power (in watts) to generate the same concentrations of NO when compared to double spark plug or high-pressure NO generators. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that it is feasible to enhance NO production (more than 100 ppm) while maintaining NO2 level relatively low (less than 3 ppm) with the three recently developed NO generating devices. Future studies might include these novel designs to deliver high doses of inhaled NO as an antimicrobial used to treat upper and lower respiratory tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binglan Yu
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Hatus V Wanderley
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ryan W Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pennacchietti V, Pagano L, Malagrinò F, Diop A, Di Felice M, Di Matteo S, Marcocci L, Pietrangeli P, Toto A, Gianni S. Characterization of the folding and binding properties of the PTB domain of FRS2 with phosphorylated and unphosphorylated ligands. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109703. [PMID: 37543351 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PTB (PhosphoTyrosine Binding) domains are protein domains that exert their function by binding phosphotyrosine residues on other proteins. They are commonly found in a variety of signaling proteins and are important for mediating protein-protein interactions in numerous cellular processes. PTB domains can also exhibit binding to unphosphorylated ligands, suggesting that they have additional binding specificities beyond phosphotyrosine recognition. Structural studies have reported that the PTB domain from FRS2 possesses this peculiar feature, allowing it to interact with both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated ligands, such as TrkB and FGFR1, through different topologies and orientations. In an effort to elucidate the dynamic and functional properties of these protein-protein interactions, we provide a complete characterization of the folding mechanism of the PTB domain of FRS2 and the binding process to peptides mimicking specific regions of TrkB and FGFR1. By analyzing the equilibrium and kinetics of PTB folding, we propose a mechanism implying the presence of an intermediate along the folding pathway. Kinetic binding experiments performed at different ionic strengths highlighted the electrostatic nature of the interaction with both peptides. The specific role of single amino acids in early and late events of binding was pinpointed by site-directed mutagenesis. These results are discussed in light of previous experimental works on these protein systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Awa Diop
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pietrangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bufano M, Puxeddu M, Nalli M, La Regina G, Toto A, Liberati FR, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Masci D, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Silvestri R, Gianni S, Coluccia A. Targeting the Grb2 cSH3 domain: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of the first series of modulators. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106607. [PMID: 37210829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2) is an adaptor protein featured by a nSH3-SH2-cSH3 domains. Grb2 finely regulates important cellular pathways such as growth, proliferation and metabolism and a minor lapse of this tight control may totally change the entire pathway to the oncogenic. Indeed, Grb2 is found overexpressed in many tumours type. Consequently, Grb2 is an attractive therapeutic target for the development of new anticancer drug. Herein, we reported the synthesis and the biological evaluation of a series of Grb2 inhibitors, developed starting from a hit-compound already reported by this research unit. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated by kinetic binding experiments, and the most promising derivatives were assayed in a short panel of cancer cells. Five of the newly synthesized derivatives proved to be able to bind the targeted protein with valuable inhibitory concentration in one-digit micromolar concentration. The most active compound of this series, derivative 12, showed an inhibitory concentration of about 6 μM for glioblastoma and ovarian cancer cells, and an IC50 of 1.67 for lung cancer cell. For derivative 12, the metabolic stability and the ROS production was also evaluated. The biological data together with the docking studies led to rationalize an early structure activity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Bufano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Liberati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bignami E, Guarnieri M, Giambuzzi I, Trumello C, Saglietti F, Gianni S, Belluschi I, Di Tomasso N, Corti D, Alfieri O, Gemma M. Three Logistic Predictive Models for the Prediction of Mortality and Major Pulmonary Complications after Cardiac Surgery. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1368. [PMID: 37629658 PMCID: PMC10456464 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pulmonary complications are a leading cause of morbidity after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to develop models to predict postoperative lung dysfunction and mortality. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, observational, retrospective study. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 11,285 adult patients who underwent all types of cardiac surgery from 2003 to 2015. We developed logistic predictive models for in-hospital mortality, postoperative pulmonary complications occurring in the intensive care unit, and postoperative non-invasive mechanical ventilation when clinically indicated. Results: In the "preoperative model" predictors for mortality were advanced age (p < 0.001), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (p < 0.001) and emergent surgery (p = 0.036); predictors for non-invasive mechanical ventilation were advanced age (p < 0.001), low ejection fraction (p = 0.023), higher body mass index (p < 0.001) and preoperative renal failure (p = 0.043); predictors for postoperative pulmonary complications were preoperative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.007), preoperative kidney injury (p < 0.001) and NYHA class (p = 0.033). In the "surgery model" predictors for mortality were intraoperative inotropes (p = 0.003) and intraoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (p < 0.001), which also predicted the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. There were no specific variables in the surgery model predicting the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation. In the "intensive care unit model", predictors for mortality were postoperative kidney injury (p < 0.001), tracheostomy (p < 0.001), inotropes (p = 0.029) and PaO2/FiO2 ratio at discharge (p = 0.028); predictors for non-invasive mechanical ventilation were kidney injury (p < 0.001), inotropes (p < 0.001), blood transfusions (p < 0.001) and PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the discharge (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this retrospective study, we identified the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative characteristics associated with mortality and complications following cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bignami
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Marcello Guarnieri
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Giambuzzi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, DISCCO University of Milan, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Trumello
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (I.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Francesco Saglietti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Croce e Carle, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Igor Belluschi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (I.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Nora Di Tomasso
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (N.D.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniele Corti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (N.D.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Ottavio Alfieri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (I.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Marco Gemma
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nardella C, Pagano L, Pennacchietti V, Felice MD, Matteo SD, Diop A, Malagrinò F, Marcocci L, Pietrangeli P, Gianni S, Toto A. An intramolecular energetic network regulates ligand recognition in a SH2 domain. Protein Sci 2023:e4729. [PMID: 37468946 PMCID: PMC10382797 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to investigate the molecular determinants of ligand recognition of the C-terminal SH2 domain of the SHP2 protein, we conducted extensive site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic binding experiments with a peptide mimicking a specific portion of a physiological ligand (the scaffold protein Gab2). Obtained data provided an in-depth characterization of the binding reaction, allowing us to pinpoint residues topologically far from the binding pocket of the SH2 domain to have a role in the recognition and binding of the peptide. The presence of a sparse energetic network regulating the interaction with Gab2 was identified and characterized through double mutant cycle analysis, performed by challenging all the designed site-directed variants of C-SH2 with a Gab2 peptide mutated at +3 position relative to its phosphorylated tyrosine, a key residue for C-SH2 binding specificity. Results highlighted non-optimized residues involved in the energetic network regulating the binding with Gab2, that may be at the basis of the ability of this SH2 domain to interact with different partners in the intracellular environment. Moreover, a detailed analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters revealed the role of the residue at +3 position on Gab2 in the early and late events of the binding reaction with the C-SH2 domain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Livia Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Mariana Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Sara Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Awa Diop
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Paola Pietrangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy - Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Diop A, Pietrangeli P, Nardella C, Pennacchietti V, Pagano L, Toto A, Di Felice M, Di Matteo S, Marcocci L, Malagrinò F, Gianni S. Biophysical Characterization of the Binding Mechanism between the MATH Domain of SPOP and Its Physiological Partners. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10138. [PMID: 37373284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SPOP (Speckle-type POZ protein) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein that mediates the ubiquitination of several substrates. Furthermore, SPOP is responsible for the regulation of both degradable and nondegradable polyubiquitination of a number of substrates with diverse biological functions. The recognition of SPOP and its physiological partners is mediated by two protein-protein interaction domains. Among them, the MATH domain recognizes different substrates, and it is critical for orchestrating diverse cellular pathways, being mutated in several human diseases. Despite its importance, the mechanism by which the MATH domain recognizes its physiological partners has escaped a detailed experimental characterization. In this work, we present a characterization of the binding mechanism of the MATH domain of SPOP with three peptides mimicking the phosphatase Puc, the chromatin component MacroH2A, and the dual-specificity phosphatase PTEN. Furthermore, by taking advantage of site-directed mutagenesis, we address the role of some key residues of MATH in the binding process. Our findings are briefly discussed in the context of previously existing data on the MATH domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awa Diop
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pietrangeli
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Felice
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Matteo
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Proteins interact with other proteins, with nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates and various small molecules in the living cell. These interactions have been quantified and structurally characterized in numerous studies such that we today have a comprehensive picture of protein structure and function. However, proteins are dynamic and even folded proteins are likely more heterogeneous than they appear in most descriptions. One property of proteins that relies on dynamics and heterogeneity is allostery, the ability of a protein to change structure and function upon ligand binding to an allosteric site. Over the last decades the concept of allostery was broadened to embrace all types of long-range interactions across a protein including purely entropic changes without a conformational change in single protein domains. But with this re-definition came a problem: How do we measure allostery? In this opinion, we discuss some caveats arising from the quantitative description of single-domain allostery from an experimental perspective and how the limitations cannot be separated from the definition of allostery per se. Furthermore, we attempt to tie together allostery with the concept of frustration in an effort to investigate the links between these two complex, and yet general, properties of proteins. We arrive at the conclusion that the sensitivity to perturbation of allosteric networks in single protein domains is too large for the networks to be of significant biological relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli," Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santorelli D, Marcocci L, Pennacchietti V, Nardella C, Diop A, Pietrangeli P, Pagano L, Toto A, Malagrinò F, Gianni S. Understanding the molecular basis of folding cooperativity through a comparative analysis of a multidomain protein and its isolated domains. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102983. [PMID: 36739950 PMCID: PMC10017356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cooperativity is a well-established and general property of folding, our current understanding of this feature in multidomain folding is still relatively limited. In fact, there are contrasting results indicating that the constituent domains of a multidomain protein may either fold independently on each other or exhibit interdependent supradomain phenomena. To address this issue, here we present the comparative analysis of the folding of a tandem repeat protein, comprising two contiguous PDZ domains, in comparison to that of its isolated constituent domains. By analyzing in detail the equilibrium and kinetics of folding at different experimental conditions, we demonstrate that despite each of the PDZ domains in isolation being capable of independent folding, at variance with previously characterized PDZ tandem repeats, the full-length construct folds and unfolds as a single cooperative unit. By exploiting quantitatively, the comparison of the folding of the tandem repeat to those observed for its constituent domains, as well as by characterizing a truncated variant lacking a short autoinhibitory segment, we successfully rationalize the molecular basis of the observed cooperativity and attempt to infer some general conclusions for multidomain systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Awa Diop
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pietrangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chirinos JD, Turco IS, Di Fenza R, Gianni S, Larson GM, Swingle JF, Akeju O, Berra L. Patient hesitancy in perioperative clinical trial enrollment during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279643. [PMID: 36649289 PMCID: PMC9844839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous disruptions to non-COVID-19 clinical research. However, there has been little investigation on how patients themselves have responded to clinical trial recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on rates of patient consent to enrollment into non-COVID-19 clinical trials, we carried out a cross-sectional study using data from the Nitric Oxide/Acute Kidney Injury (NO/AKI) and Minimizing ICU Neurological Dysfunction with Dexmedetomidine-Induced Sleep (MINDDS) trials. All patients eligible for the NO/AKI or MINDDS trials who came to the hospital for cardiac surgery and were approached to gain consent to enrollment were included in the current study. We defined "Before COVID-19" as the time between the start of the relevant clinical trial and the date when efforts toward that clinical trial were deescalated by the hospital due to COVID-19. We defined "During COVID-19" as the time between trial de-escalation and trial completion. 5,015 patients were screened for eligibility. 3,851 were excluded, and 1,434 were approached to gain consent to enrollment. The rate of consent to enrollment was 64% in the "Before COVID-19" group and 45% in the "During COVID-19" group (n = 1,334, P<0.001) (RR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.80, P<0.001). Thus, we found that rates of consent to enrollment into the NO/AKI and MINDDS trials dropped significantly with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient demographic and socioeconomic status data collected from electronic medical records and patient survey data did not shed light on possible explanations for this observed drop, indicating that there were likely other factors at play that were not directly measured in the current study. Increased patient hesitancy to enroll in clinical trials can have detrimental effects on clinical science, patient health, and patient healthcare experience, so understanding and addressing this issue during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josue D. Chirinos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Isabella S. Turco
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raffaele Di Fenza
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Grant M. Larson
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Swingle
- Department of Sociology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Respiratory Care Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hollås H, Ramirez J, Nominé Y, Kostmann C, Toto A, Gianni S, Travé G, Vedeler A. The cooperative folding of annexin A2 relies on a transient nonnative intermediate. Biophys J 2022; 121:4492-4504. [PMID: 36325614 PMCID: PMC9748365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins (Anxs) are a family of highly homologous proteins that bind and aggregate lipid vesicles in the presence of calcium. All members of the family contain a variable N-terminus determining specific functions, followed by a conserved core region responsible for the general calcium-dependent lipid-binding property. The core structure consists of four homologous domains (DI-DIV), each consisting of a right-handed super-helix of five α-helices. We present data from a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, NMR, and circular dichroism showing that the G25-D34 region of the N-terminus as well as the contacts between residues D38A, R63A, and Q67A of AnxA2-DI are crucial for the autonomous folding and stability of DI of AnxA2. However, we also show that the folding of the full-length protein is very robust in that mutations and truncations that disrupted the folding of AnxA2-DI did not abolish the folding of full-length AnxA2, only lowering its thermal stability. This robustness of the folding of full-length AnxA2 is likely to be mediated by the existence of at least one transient nonnative intermediate as suggested by our kinetic data using stopped-flow fluorescence experiments. We also show that hydrophobic amino acids in AnxA2-DI involved in interfacial contacts with AnxA2-DIV are important for the cooperative folding and stability of the full-length protein. Mutating all of the V57E-V98R-G101Y residues in AnxA2-DI did not affect the folding of the domain, only its stability, but prevented the cooperative folding of the full-length protein. Our collective results favor a highly cooperative and robust folding process mediated by alternative intermediate steps. Since AnxA2 is a multifunctional protein involved in several steps of the progression of cell transformation, these data on structure and folding pathways are therefore crucial to designing anticancer drugs targeting AnxA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Hollås
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Juan Ramirez
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Yves Nominé
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Camille Kostmann
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Angelo Toto
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilles Travé
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gautier C, Gianni S. A short structural extension dictates the early stages of folding of a PDZ domain. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2022; 1870:140852. [PMID: 36055518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PDZ domains are highly abundant protein-protein interaction modules in human. One of the most extensively characterized PDZ domain, the third PDZ domain from PSD-95 (PDZ3), contains an α-helical C-terminal extension that has a key role in the function of the domain. Here we compared the folding of PDZ3 with a truncated variant (PDZ3Δα3), lacking the additional helix, by means of the so-called Φ-value analysis, an experimental technique that allows inferring the structure of folding transition states. Experiments reveal subtle but detectable differences in the folding of PDZ3Δα3 versus PDZ3, as probed by structural characterization of the folding transition states. These differences appear more remarkable in the early stages of folding, with a detectable shift of the folding nucleus. The presented results allow demonstrating that the native state exerts a weak bias at the early stages of folding, which appear to be characterized by alternative pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice Gautier
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Malagrinò F, Fusco G, Pennacchietti V, Toto A, Nardella C, Pagano L, de Simone A, Gianni S. Cryptic binding properties of a transient folding intermediate in a PDZ tandem repeat. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4396. [PMID: 36040267 PMCID: PMC9375522 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PDZ domains are the most diffused protein-protein interaction modules of the human proteome and are often present in tandem repeats. An example is PDZD2, a protein characterized by the presence of six PDZ domains that undergoes a proteolytic cleavage producing sPDZD2, comprising a tandem of two PDZ domains, namely PDZ5 and PDZ6. Albeit the physiopathological importance of sPDZD2 is well-established, the interaction with endogenous ligands has been poorly characterized. To understand the determinants of the stability and function of sPDZD2, we investigated its folding pathway. Our data highlights the presence of a complex scenario involving a transiently populated folding intermediate that may be accumulated from the concurrent denaturation of both PDZ5 and PDZ6 domains. Importantly, double jump kinetic experiments allowed us to pinpoint the ability of this transient intermediate to bind the physiological ligand of sPDZD2 with increased affinity compared to the native state. In summary, our results provide an interesting example of a functionally competent misfolded intermediate, which may exert a cryptic function that is not captured from the analysis of the native state only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Giuliana Fusco
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Alfonso de Simone
- Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaplesItaly
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nardella C, Toto A, Santorelli D, Pagano L, Diop A, Pennacchietti V, Pietrangeli P, Marcocci L, Malagrinò F, Gianni S. Folding and Binding Mechanisms of the SH2 Domain from Crkl. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081014. [PMID: 35892324 PMCID: PMC9332313 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SH2 domains are structural modules specialized in the recognition and binding of target sequences containing a phosphorylated tyrosine residue. They are mostly incorporated in the 3D structure of scaffolding proteins that represent fundamental regulators of several signaling pathways. Among those, Crkl plays key roles in cell physiology by mediating signals from a wide range of stimuli, and its overexpression is associated with several types of cancers. In myeloid cells expressing the oncogene BCR/ABL, one interactor of Crkl-SH2 is the focal adhesion protein Paxillin, and this interaction is crucial in leukemic transformation. In this work, we analyze both the folding pathway of Crkl-SH2 and its binding reaction with a peptide mimicking Paxillin, under different ionic strength and pH conditions, by using means of fluorescence spectroscopy. From a folding perspective, we demonstrate the presence of an intermediate along the reaction. Moreover, we underline the importance of the electrostatic interactions in the early event of recognition, occurring between the phosphorylated tyrosine of the Paxillin peptide and the charge residues of Crkl-SH2. Finally, we highlight a pivotal role of a highly conserved histidine residue in the stabilization of the binding complex. The experimental results are discussed in light of previous works on other SH2 domains.
Collapse
|
21
|
Brunori M, Gianni S. An Outlook on the Complexity of Protein Morphogenesis in Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:909567. [PMID: 35769915 PMCID: PMC9234464 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.909567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the mechanisms whereby proteins achieve their native functionally competent conformation has been a key issue in molecular biosciences over the last 6 decades. Nevertheless, there are several debated issues and open problems concerning some aspects of this fundamental problem. By considering the emerging complexity of the so-called “native state,” we attempt hereby to propose a personal account on some of the key topics in the field, ranging from the relationships between misfolding and diseases to the significance of protein disorder. Finally, we briefly describe the recent and exciting advances in predicting protein structures from their amino acid sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Brunori
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università, Rome, Italy
- Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Brunori,
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Toto A, Malagrinò F, Nardella C, Pennacchietti V, Pagano L, Santorelli D, Diop A, Gianni S. Characterization of early and late transition states of the folding pathway of a SH2 domain. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4332. [PMID: 35634781 PMCID: PMC9112803 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Albeit SH2 domains are abundant protein-protein interaction modules with fundamental roles in the regulation of several physiological and molecular pathways in the cell, the available information about the determinants of their thermodynamic stability and folding properties are still very limited. In this work, we provide a quantitative characterization of the folding pathway of the C-terminal SH2 domain of SHP2, conducted through a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic (un)folding experiments (Φ-value analysis). The energetic profile of the folding reaction of the C-SH2 domain is described by a three-state mechanism characterized by the presence of two transition states and a high-energy intermediate. The production of 29 site-directed variants allowed us to calculate the degree of native-like interactions occurring in the early and late events of the folding reaction. Data analysis highlights the presence of a hydrophobic folding nucleus surrounded by a lower degree of structure in the early events of folding, further consolidated as the reaction proceeds towards the native state. Interestingly, residues physically located in the functional region of the domain reported unusual Φ-values, a hallmark of the presence of transient misfolding. We compared our results with previous ones obtained for the N-terminal SH2 domain of SHP2. Notably, a conserved complex folding mechanism implying the presence of a folding intermediate arise from comparison, and the relative stability of such intermediate appears to be highly sequence dependent. Data are discussed under the light of previous works on SH2 domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur ‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur ‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur ‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Istituto Pasteur ‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur ‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Daniele Santorelli
- Istituto Pasteur ‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Awa Diop
- Istituto Pasteur ‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur ‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNRSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gianni S, Valsecchi C, Berra L. Therapeutic Gases and Inhaled Anesthetics as Adjunctive Therapies in Critically Ill Patients. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 43:440-452. [PMID: 35533689 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The administration of exogenous oxygen to support adequate gas exchange is the cornerstone of respiratory care. In the past few years, other gaseous molecules have been introduced in clinical practice to treat the wide variety of physiological derangement seen in critical care patients.Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is used for its unique selective pulmonary vasodilator effect. Recent studies showed that NO plays a pivotal role in regulating ischemia-reperfusion injury and it has antibacterial and antiviral activity.Helium, due to its low density, is used in patients with upper airway obstruction and lower airway obstruction to facilitate gas flow and to reduce work of breathing.Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas that acts as a signaling molecule involved in many biologic pathways. CO's anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects are under investigation in the setting of acute respiratory distress and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Inhaled anesthetics are widely used in the operative room setting and, with the development of anesthetic reflectors, are now a valid option for sedation management in the intensive care unit.Many other gases such as xenon, argon, and hydrogen sulfide are under investigation for their neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects in post-cardiac arrest syndrome.With all these therapeutic options available, the clinician must have a clear understanding of the physiologic basis, therapeutic potential, and possible adverse events of these therapeutic gases. In this review, we will present the therapeutic gases other than oxygen used in clinical practice and we will describe other promising therapeutic gases that are in the early phases of investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlo Valsecchi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Coluccia A, Bufano M, La Regina G, Puxeddu M, Toto A, Paone A, Bouzidi A, Musto G, Badolati N, Orlando V, Biagioni S, Masci D, Cantatore C, Cirilli R, Cutruzzolà F, Gianni S, Stornaiuolo M, Silvestri R. Anticancer Activity of ( S)-5-Chloro-3-((3,5-dimethylphenyl)sulfonyl)- N-(1-oxo-1-((pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)propan-2-yl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxamide (RS4690), a New Dishevelled 1 Inhibitor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051358. [PMID: 35267666 PMCID: PMC8909805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The WNT/β-catenin pathway regulates a huge number of cellular functions, and its dysregulation is correlated to the development of cancer. In this work, we focused on the interaction between Dishevelled 1 (DVL1) protein, an important player in this pathway, and its cognate receptor Frizzled via a shared PDZ domain. Computational studies led to the discovery of racemate RS4690 (1) showing selective inhibition of DVL1 binding. After separation of the racemic mixture, enantiomer (S)-1 inhibited DVL1 with an EC50 of 0.49 ± 0.11 μM and the growth of HCT116 cells that did not present the APC mutation with an EC50 value 7.1 ± 0.6 μM, and caused a high level of ROS production. Compound (S)-1 shows potential as a new therapeutic agent against WNT-dependent colon cancer. Abstract Wingless/integrase-11 (WNT)/β-catenin pathway is a crucial upstream regulator of a huge array of cellular functions. Its dysregulation is correlated to neoplastic cellular transition and cancer proliferation. Members of the Dishevelled (DVL) family of proteins play an important role in the transduction of WNT signaling by contacting its cognate receptor, Frizzled, via a shared PDZ domain. Thus, negative modulators of DVL1 are able to impair the binding to Frizzled receptors, turning off the aberrant activation of the WNT pathway and leading to anti-cancer activity. Through structure-based virtual screening studies, we identified racemic compound RS4690 (1), which showed a promising selective DVL1 binding inhibition with an EC50 of 0.74 ± 0.08 μM. Molecular dynamic simulations suggested a different binding mode for the enantiomers. In the in vitro assays, enantiomer (S)-1 showed better inhibition of DVL1 with an EC50 of 0.49 ± 0.11 μM compared to the (R)-enantiomer. Compound (S)-1 inhibited the growth of HCT116 cells expressing wild-type APC with an EC50 of 7.1 ± 0.6 μM and caused a high level of ROS production. These results highlight (S)-1 as a lead compound for the development of new therapeutic agents against WNT-dependent colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Coluccia
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Marianna Bufano
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Angelo Toto
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Biochemical Sciences “Rossi Fanelli”, Institute of Biology and Molecular Pathology of CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (F.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Alessio Paone
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Biochemical Sciences “Rossi Fanelli”, Institute of Biology and Molecular Pathology of CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (F.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Amani Bouzidi
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Biochemical Sciences “Rossi Fanelli”, Institute of Biology and Molecular Pathology of CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (F.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Giorgia Musto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Nadia Badolati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Viviana Orlando
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.O.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.O.); (S.B.)
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cantatore
- National Center for the Control and Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- National Center for the Control and Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Biochemical Sciences “Rossi Fanelli”, Institute of Biology and Molecular Pathology of CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (F.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Biochemical Sciences “Rossi Fanelli”, Institute of Biology and Molecular Pathology of CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (F.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.B.); (G.L.R.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gianni S, Fenza RD, Morais CCA, Fakhr BS, Mueller AL, Yu B, Carroll RW, Ichinose F, Zapol WM, Berra L. High-Dose Nitric Oxide From Pressurized Cylinders and Nitric Oxide Produced by an Electric Generator From Air. Respir Care 2022; 67:201-208. [PMID: 34413210 PMCID: PMC9993937 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.09308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose (≥ 80 ppm) inhaled nitric oxide (INO) has antimicrobial effects. We designed a trial to test the preventive effects of high-dose NO on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health care providers working with patients with COVID-19. The study was interrupted prematurely due to the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines for health care professionals. We thereby present data on safety and feasibility of breathing 160 ppm NO using 2 different NO sources, namely pressurized nitrogen/NO cylinders (INO) and electric NO (eNO) generators. METHODS NO gas was inhaled at 160 ppm in air for 15 min twice daily, before and after each work shift, over 14 d by health care providers (NCT04312243). During NO administration, vital signs were continuously monitored. Safety was assessed by measuring transcutaneous methemoglobinemia (SpMet) and the inhaled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration. RESULTS Twelve healthy health care professionals received a collective total of 185 administrations of high-dose NO (160 ppm) for 15 min twice daily. One-hundred and seventy-one doses were delivered by INO and 14 doses by eNO. During NO administration, SpMet increased similarly in both groups (P = .82). Methemoglobin decreased in all subjects at 5 min after discontinuing NO administration. Inhaled NO2 concentrations remained between 0.70 ppm (0.63-0.79) and 0.75 ppm (0.67-0.83) in the INO group and between 0.74 ppm (0.68-0.78) and 0.88 ppm (0.70-0.93) in the eNO group. During NO administration, peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate did not change. No adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study testing high-dose INO (160 ppm) for 15 min twice daily using eNO seems feasible and similarly safe when compared with INO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raffaele Di Fenza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caio C Araujo Morais
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bijan Safaee Fakhr
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ariel L Mueller
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binglan Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan W Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malagrinò F, Diop A, Pagano L, Nardella C, Toto A, Gianni S. Unveiling induced folding of intrinsically disordered proteins - Protein engineering, frustration and emerging themes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 72:153-160. [PMID: 34902817 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) can be generally described as a class of proteins that lack a well-defined ordered structure in isolation at physiological conditions. Upon binding to their physiological ligands, IDPs typically undergo a disorder-to-order transition, which may or may not lead to the complete folding of the IDP. In this short review, we focus on some of the key findings pertaining to the mechanisms of such induced folding. In particular, first we describe the general features of the reaction; then, we discuss some of the most remarkable findings obtained from applying protein engineering in synergy with kinetic studies to induced folding; and finally, we offer a critical view on some of the emerging themes when considering the structural heterogeneity of IDPs vis-à-vis to their inherent frustration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari Del CNR, Sapienza Università, di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Awa Diop
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari Del CNR, Sapienza Università, di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari Del CNR, Sapienza Università, di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari Del CNR, Sapienza Università, di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari Del CNR, Sapienza Università, di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari Del CNR, Sapienza Università, di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Safaee Fakhr B, Di Fenza R, Gianni S, Wiegand SB, Miyazaki Y, Araujo Morais CC, Gibson LE, Chang MG, Mueller AL, Rodriguez-Lopez JM, Ackman JB, Arora P, Scott LK, Bloch DB, Zapol WM, Carroll RW, Ichinose F, Berra L. Inhaled high dose nitric oxide is a safe and effective respiratory treatment in spontaneous breathing hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Nitric Oxide 2021; 116:7-13. [PMID: 34400339 PMCID: PMC8361002 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator. In-vitro studies report that NO donors can inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2. This multicenter study evaluated the feasibility and effects of high-dose inhaled NO in non-intubated spontaneously breathing patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS This is an interventional study to determine whether NO at 160 parts-per-million (ppm) inhaled for 30 min twice daily might be beneficial and safe in non-intubated COVID-19 patients. RESULTS Twenty-nine COVID-19 patients received a total of 217 intermittent inhaled NO treatments for 30 min at 160 ppm between March and June 2020. Breathing NO acutely decreased the respiratory rate of tachypneic patients and improved oxygenation in hypoxemic patients. The maximum level of nitrogen dioxide delivered was 1.5 ppm. The maximum level of methemoglobin (MetHb) during the treatments was 4.7%. MetHb decreased in all patients 5 min after discontinuing NO administration. No adverse events during treatment, such as hypoxemia, hypotension, or acute kidney injury during hospitalization occurred. In our NO treated patients, one patient of 29 underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation, and none died. The median hospital length of stay was 6 days [interquartile range 4-8]. No discharged patients required hospital readmission nor developed COVID-19 related long-term sequelae within 28 days of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In spontaneous breathing patients with COVID-19, the administration of inhaled NO at 160 ppm for 30 min twice daily promptly improved the respiratory rate of tachypneic patients and systemic oxygenation of hypoxemic patients. No adverse events were observed. None of the subjects was readmitted or had long-term COVID-19 sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Safaee Fakhr
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Raffaele Di Fenza
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steffen B Wiegand
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Caio C Araujo Morais
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lauren E Gibson
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marvin G Chang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ariel L Mueller
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Josanna M Rodriguez-Lopez
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jeanne B Ackman
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 311, 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Louie K Scott
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ryan W Carroll
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Respiratory Care Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nardella C, Visconti L, Malagrinò F, Pagano L, Bufano M, Nalli M, Coluccia A, La Regina G, Silvestri R, Gianni S, Toto A. Targeting PDZ domains as potential treatment for viral infections, neurodegeneration and cancer. Biol Direct 2021; 16:15. [PMID: 34641953 PMCID: PMC8506081 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between proteins is a fundamental event for cellular life that is generally mediated by specialized protein domains or modules. PDZ domains are the largest class of protein-protein interaction modules, involved in several cellular pathways such as signal transduction, cell-cell junctions, cell polarity and adhesion, and protein trafficking. Because of that, dysregulation of PDZ domain function often causes the onset of pathologies, thus making this family of domains an interesting pharmaceutical target. In this review article we provide an overview of the structural and functional features of PDZ domains and their involvement in the cellular and molecular pathways at the basis of different human pathologies. We also discuss some of the strategies that have been developed with the final goal to hijack or inhibit the interaction of PDZ domains with their ligands. Because of the generally low binding selectivity of PDZ domain and the scarce efficiency of small molecules in inhibiting PDZ binding, this task resulted particularly difficult to pursue and still demands increasing experimental efforts in order to become completely feasible and successful in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Bufano
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nardella C, Malagrinò F, Pagano L, Rinaldo S, Gianni S, Toto A. Determining folding and binding properties of the C-terminal SH2 domain of SHP2. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2385-2395. [PMID: 34605082 PMCID: PMC8605372 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SH2 domains are a class of protein–protein interaction modules with the function to recognize and bind sequences characterized by the presence of a phosphorylated tyrosine. SHP2 is a protein phosphatase involved in the Ras‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway that possess two SH2 domains, namely, N‐SH2 and C‐SH2, that mediate the interaction of SHP2 with various partners and determine the regulation of its catalytic activity. One of the main interactors of the SH2 domains of SHP2 is Gab2, a scaffolding protein with critical role in determining cell differentiation. Despite their key biological role and the importance of a correct native fold to ensure it, the mechanism of binding of SH2 domains with their ligands and the determinants of their stability have been poorly characterized. In this article, we present a comprehensive kinetic study of the folding of the C‐SH2 domain and the binding mechanism with a peptide mimicking a region of Gab2. Our data, obtained at different pH and ionic strength conditions and supported by site‐directed mutagenesis, highlight the role of electrostatic interactions in the early events of recognition. Interestingly, our results suggest a key role of a highly conserved histidine residue among SH2 family in the interaction with negative charges carried by the phosphotyrosine of Gab2. Moreover, the analysis of the equilibrium and kinetic folding data of C‐SH2 describes a complex mechanism implying a change in rate‐limiting step at high denaturant concentrations. Our data are discussed under the light of previous works on N‐SH2 domain of SHP2 and other SH2 domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Laursen L, Gianni S, Jemth P. Dissecting Inter-domain Cooperativity in the Folding of a Multi Domain Protein. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167148. [PMID: 34245784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Correct protein folding underlies all cellular functions. While there are detailed descriptions and a good understanding of protein folding pathways for single globular domains there is a paucity of quantitative data regarding folding of multidomain proteins. We have here investigated the folding of a three-domain supramodule from the protein PSD-95, consisting of one PDZ domain, one SH3 domain and one guanylate kinase-like (GK) domain. This supramodule has previously been shown to work as one functional unit with regard to ligand binding. We used equilibrium and kinetic folding experiments to demonstrate that the PDZ domain folds faster and independently from the SH3-GK tandem, which folds as one cooperative unit. However, concurrent folding of the PDZ domain slows down folding of SH3-GK by non-native interactions, resulting in an off-pathway folding intermediate. Our data contribute to an emerging description of multidomain protein folding in which individual domains cannot a priori be viewed as separate folding units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Laursen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli," Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pagano L, Malagrinò F, Visconti L, Troilo F, Pennacchietti V, Nardella C, Toto A, Gianni S. Probing the Effects of Local Frustration in the Folding of a Multidomain Protein. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167087. [PMID: 34089717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our current knowledge of protein folding is primarily based on experimental data obtained from isolated domains. In fact, because of their complexity, multidomain proteins have been elusive to the experimental characterization. Thus, the folding of a domain in isolation is generally assumed to resemble what should be observed for more complex structural architectures. Here we compared the folding mechanism of a protein domain in isolation and in the context of its supramodular multidomain structure. By carrying out an extensive mutational analysis we illustrate that while the early events of folding are malleable and influenced by the absence/presence of the neighboring structures, the late events appear to be more robust. These effects may be explained by analyzing the local frustration patterns of the domain, providing critical support for the funneled energy landscape theory of protein folding, and highlighting the role of protein frustration in sculpting the early events of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pennacchietti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a biologically active molecule approved for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in newborn patients. Commercially available NO delivery systems use pressurized cylinders as the source of NO and a sensor to control the concentrations of NO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) delivered. Cylinder-based delivery systems are safe and widely used around the world, but they are bulky, expensive, and reliant on a robust supply chain. In the past few years, novel NO generators and delivery systems have been developed to overcome these limitations. Electric NO generators produce NO from ambient air using high-voltage electrical discharge to ionize air, which leads to the formation of NO, NO2, and ozone (O3). A scavenging system is incorporated to reduce the concentration of the toxic byproducts generated in this type of system. NO can also be generated by the reduction of NO2 by ascorbic acid or released from liquid solutions or solid nanoparticles. The development of easy-to-use, safe, and portable NO delivery systems may enable the delivery of NO in the out-patient setting or at home. Furthermore, non-cylinder-based NO generators reduce the cost of NO production and storage and may therefore make NO delivery feasible in low-resource settings. Here we review commercially available systems that can generate and administer inhalable NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan W Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Kacmarek
- Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pinciroli R, Traeger L, Fischbach A, Gianni S, Morais CCA, Fakhr BS, Di Fenza R, Robinson D, Carroll R, Zapol WM, Berra L. A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34028428 DOI: 10.3791/61769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is administered as gas for inhalation to induce selective pulmonary vasodilation. It is a safe therapy, with few potential risks even if administered at high concentration. Inhaled NO gas is routinely used to increase systemic oxygenation in different disease conditions. The administration of high concentrations of NO also exerts a virucidal effect in vitro. Owing to its favorable pharmacodynamic and safety profiles, the familiarity in its use by critical care providers, and the potential for a direct virucidal effect, NO is clinically used in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, no device is currently available to easily administer inhaled NO at concentrations higher than 80 parts per million (ppm) at various inspired oxygen fractions, without the need for dedicated, heavy, and costly equipment. The development of a reliable, safe, inexpensive, lightweight, and ventilator-free solution is crucial, particularly for the early treatment of non-intubated patients outside of the intensive care unit (ICU) and in a limited-resource scenario. To overcome such a barrier, a simple system for the non-invasive NO gas administration up to 250 ppm was developed using standard consumables and a scavenging chamber. The method has been proven safe and reliable in delivering a specified NO concentration while limiting nitrogen dioxide levels. This paper aims to provide clinicians and researchers with the necessary information on how to assemble or adapt such a system for research purposes or clinical use in COVID-19 or other diseases in which NO administration might be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pinciroli
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Lisa Traeger
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Anna Fischbach
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Caio Cesar Araujo Morais
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Bijan Safaee Fakhr
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Raffaele Di Fenza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Ryan Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gianni S, Freiberger MI, Jemth P, Ferreiro DU, Wolynes PG, Fuxreiter M. Fuzziness and Frustration in the Energy Landscape of Protein Folding, Function, and Assembly. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1251-1259. [PMID: 33550810 PMCID: PMC8023570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Are all protein interactions fully optimized? Do suboptimal interactions compromise specificity? What is the functional impact of frustration? Why does evolution not optimize some contacts? Proteins and their complexes are best described as ensembles of states populating an energy landscape. These ensembles vary in breadth from narrow ensembles clustered around a single average X-ray structure to broader ensembles encompassing a few different functional "taxonomic" states on to near continua of rapidly interconverting conformations, which are called "fuzzy" or even "intrinsically disordered". Here we aim to provide a comprehensive framework for confronting the structural and dynamical continuum of protein assemblies by combining the concepts of energetic frustration and interaction fuzziness. The diversity of the protein structural ensemble arises from the frustrated conflicts between the interactions that create the energy landscape. When frustration is minimal after folding, it results in a narrow ensemble, but residual frustrated interactions result in fuzzy ensembles, and this fuzziness allows a versatile repertoire of biological interactions. Here we discuss how fuzziness and frustration play off each other as proteins fold and assemble, viewing their significance from energetic, functional, and evolutionary perspectives.We demonstrate, in particular, that the common physical origin of both concepts is related to the ruggedness of the energy landscapes, intramolecular in the case of frustration and intermolecular in the case of fuzziness. Within this framework, we show that alternative sets of suboptimal contacts may encode specificity without achieving a single structural optimum. Thus, we demonstrate that structured complexes may not be optimized, and energetic frustration is realized via different sets of contacts leading to multiplicity of specific complexes. Furthermore, we propose that these suboptimal, frustrated, or fuzzy interactions are under evolutionary selection and expand the biological repertoire by providing a multiplicity of biological activities. In accord, we show that non-native interactions in folding or interaction landscapes can cooperate to generate diverse functional states, which are essential to facilitate adaptation to different cellular conditions. Thus, we propose that not fully optimized structures may actually be beneficial for biological activities of proteins via an alternative set of suboptimal interactions. The importance of such variability has not been recognized across different areas of biology.This account provides a modern view on folding, function, and assembly across the protein universe. The physical framework presented here is applicable to the structure and dynamics continuum of proteins and opens up new perspectives for drug design involving not fully structured, highly dynamic protein assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gianni
- Istituto
Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche
“A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia
Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università
di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - María Inés Freiberger
- Protein
Physiology Lab, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad
de Buenos Aires-CONICET-IQUIBICEN, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Per Jemth
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diego U. Ferreiro
- Protein
Physiology Lab, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad
de Buenos Aires-CONICET-IQUIBICEN, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter G. Wolynes
- Center
for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice
University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
| | - Monika Fuxreiter
- MTA-DE
Laboratory of Protein Dynamics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fusco G, Gianni S. Function, Regulation, and Dysfunction of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020140. [PMID: 33673214 PMCID: PMC7917908 DOI: 10.3390/life11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that a considerable fraction of the eukaryotic proteins lacks a well-defined three-dimensional structure in their native state has revolutionised our general understanding of proteins [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Fusco
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli,” Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Visconti L, Malagrinò F, Troilo F, Pagano L, Toto A, Gianni S. Folding and Misfolding of a PDZ Tandem Repeat. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166862. [PMID: 33539879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the vast majority of the human proteome is represented by multi-domain proteins, the study of multi-domain folding and misfolding is a relatively poorly explored field. The protein Whirlin is a multi-domain scaffolding protein expressed in the inner ear. It is characterized by the presence of tandem repeats of PDZ domains. The first two PDZ domains of Whirlin (PDZ1 and PDZ2 - namely P1P2) are structurally close and separated by a disordered short linker. We recently described the folding mechanism of the P1P2 tandem. The difference in thermodynamic stability of the two domains allowed us to selectively unfold one or both PDZ domains and to pinpoint the accumulation of a misfolded intermediate, which we demonstrated to retain physiological binding activity. In this work, we provide an extensive characterization of the folding and unfolding of P1P2. Based on the observed data, we describe an integrated kinetic analysis that satisfactorily fits the experiments and provides a valuable model to interpret multi-domain folding. The experimental and analytical approaches described in this study may be of general interest for the interpretation of complex multi-domain protein folding kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pagano L, Toto A, Malagrinò F, Visconti L, Jemth P, Gianni S. Double Mutant Cycles as a Tool to Address Folding, Binding, and Allostery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E828. [PMID: 33467625 PMCID: PMC7830974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative measurement of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions in protein structure is an elusive task, not easy to address experimentally. The phenomenon denoted 'energetic coupling' describes short- and long-range interactions between two residues in a protein system. A powerful method to identify and quantitatively characterize long-range interactions and allosteric networks in proteins or protein-ligand complexes is called double-mutant cycles analysis. In this review we describe the thermodynamic principles and basic equations that underlie the double mutant cycle methodology, its fields of application and latest employments, and caveats and pitfalls that the experimentalists must consider. In particular, we show how double mutant cycles can be a powerful tool to investigate allosteric mechanisms in protein binding reactions as well as elusive states in protein folding pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’ and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’ and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’ and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’ and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’ and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Morais CCA, Safaee Fakhr B, De Santis Santiago RR, Di Fenza R, Marutani E, Gianni S, Pinciroli R, Kacmarek RM, Berra L. Bedside Electrical Impedance Tomography Unveils Respiratory "Chimera" in COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:120-121. [PMID: 33196303 PMCID: PMC7781126 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202005-1801im] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caio C A Morais
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Eizo Marutani
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and
| | | | - Robert M Kacmarek
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and.,Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and.,Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gautier C, Gianni S. Unveiling the Folding Mechanism of PDZ Domains. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2256:149-156. [PMID: 34014521 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1166-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of folding of single domain proteins demands a complete characterization of their equilibrium and kinetic properties. By using a well-studied class of protein domain, the PDZ domain, here we exemplify the typical procedure to address this problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice Gautier
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gianni S, Jemth P. Direct Quantification of Protein Dimerization Preference Shed Light on SOD1-associated ALS. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:6003-6004. [PMID: 33069741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli' and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Toto A, Ma S, Malagrinò F, Visconti L, Pagano L, Stromgaard K, Gianni S. Comparing the binding properties of peptides mimicking the Envelope protein of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to the PDZ domain of the tight junction-associated PALS1 protein. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2038-2042. [PMID: 32822073 PMCID: PMC7461438 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Envelope protein (E) is one of the four structural proteins encoded by the genome of SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 Coronaviruses. It is an integral membrane protein, highly expressed in the host cell, which is known to have an important role in Coronaviruses maturation, assembly and virulence. The E protein presents a PDZ‐binding motif at its C‐terminus. One of the key interactors of the E protein in the intracellular environment is the PDZ containing protein PALS1. This interaction is known to play a key role in the SARS‐CoV pathology and suspected to affect the integrity of the lung epithelia. In this paper we measured and compared the affinity of peptides mimicking the E protein from SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 for the PDZ domain of PALS1, through equilibrium and kinetic binding experiments. Our results support the hypothesis that the increased virulence of SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to SARS‐CoV may rely on the increased affinity of its Envelope protein for PALS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sana Ma
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Kristian Stromgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gianni S, Morais CCA, Larson G, Pinciroli R, Carroll R, Yu B, Zapol WM, Berra L. Ideation and assessment of a nitric oxide delivery system for spontaneously breathing subjects. Nitric Oxide 2020; 104-105:29-35. [PMID: 32835810 PMCID: PMC7441999 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background There is an increasing interest in safely delivering high dose of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) as an antimicrobial and antiviral therapeutics for spontaneously breathing patients. A novel NO delivery system is described. Methods We developed a gas delivery system that utilizes standard respiratory circuit connectors, a reservoir bag, and a scavenging chamber containing calcium hydroxide. The performance of the system was tested using a mechanical lung, assessing the NO concentration delivered at varying inspiratory flows. Safety was assessed in vitro and in vivo by measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in the delivered NO gas. Lastly, we measured the inspired and expired NO and NO2 of this system in 5 healthy subjects during a 15-min administration of high dose NO (160 parts-per-million, ppm) using our delivery system. Results The system demonstrated stable delivery of prescribed NO levels at various inspiratory flow rates (0–50 L/min). The reservoir bag and a high flow of entering air minimized the oscillation of NO concentrations during inspiration on average 4.6 ppm for each 10 L/min increment in lung inspiratory flow. The calcium hydroxide scavenger reduced the inhaled NO2 concentration on average 0.9 ppm (95% CI -1.58, −0.22; p = .01). We performed 49 NO administrations of 160 ppm in 5 subjects. The average concentration of inspired NO was 164.8±10.74 ppm, with inspired NO2 levels of 0.7±0.13 ppm. The subjects did not experience any adverse events; transcutaneous methemoglobin concentrations increased from 1.05±0.58 to 2.26±0.47%. Conclusions The system we developed to administer high-dose NO for inhalation is easy to build, reliable, was well tolerated in healthy subjects. We conceived and tested a NO delivery system for spontaneously breathing subjects. A scavenger containing calcium hydroxide reduces the inspired NO2 concentration. A reservoir bag reduces variations of NO concentration during breathing. In five healthy subjects breathing 164.8±10.74 ppm of NO, inspired NO2 was 0.7±0.13 ppm. In a healthy subject breathing 153 ppm of NO, the exhaled NO2 was 0.03 ppm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caio C A Morais
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grant Larson
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Riccardo Pinciroli
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Binglan Yu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Toto A, Troilo F, Malagrinò F, Gianni S. Understanding Binding-Induced Folding by Temperature Jump. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2141:651-661. [PMID: 32696382 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0524-0_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Temperature jump is a powerful technique for the characterization of fast kinetics and can be readily employed to understand both binding and folding reactions. Here we summarize briefly a temperature-jump prototypical experiment between an intrinsically disordered protein and its physiological partner. The model used is the NTAIL domain from Measles virus Nucleoprotein and its natural ligand, the globular PXD domain from Measles virus Phosphoprotein. We recapitulate how to set up the experiment and how to analyze data in order to extract the kinetic parameters of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gianni S, Jemth P. Affinity versus specificity in coupled binding and folding reactions. Protein Eng Des Sel 2020; 32:355-357. [PMID: 31397874 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered protein regions may fold upon binding to an interaction partner. It is often argued that such coupled binding and folding enables the combination of high specificity with low affinity. The basic tenet is that an unfavorable folding equilibrium will make the overall binding weaker while maintaining the interaction interface. While theoretically solid, we argue that this concept may be misleading for intrinsically disordered proteins. In fact, experimental evidence suggests that interactions of disordered regions usually involve extended conformations. In such cases, the disordered region is exceptionally unlikely to fold into a bound conformation in the absence of its binding partner. Instead, these disordered regions can bind to their partners in multiple different conformations and then fold into the native bound complex, thus, if anything, increasing the affinity through folding. We concede that (de)stabilization of native structural elements such as helices will modulate affinity, but this could work both ways, decreasing or increasing the stability of the complex. Moreover, experimental data show that intrinsically disordered binding regions display a range of affinities and specificities dictated by the particular side chains and length of the disordered region and not necessarily by the fact that they are disordered. We find it more likely that intrinsically disordered regions are common in protein-protein interactions because they increase the repertoire of binding partners, providing an accessible route to evolve interactions rather than providing a stability-affinity trade-off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Visconti L, Toto A, Jarvis JA, Troilo F, Malagrinò F, De Simone A, Gianni S. Demonstration of Binding Induced Structural Plasticity in a SH2 Domain. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:89. [PMID: 32528972 PMCID: PMC7247818 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SH2 domains are common protein interaction domains able to recognize short aminoacidic sequences presenting a phosphorylated tyrosine (pY). In spite of their fundamental importance for cell physiology there is a lack of information about the mechanism by which these domains recognize and bind their natural ligands. The N-terminal SH2 (N-SH2) domain of PI3K mediates the interaction with different scaffolding proteins and is known to recognize a specific pY-X-X-M consensus sequence. These interactions are at the cross roads of different molecular pathways and play a key role for cell development and division. By combining mutagenesis, chemical kinetics and NMR, here we provide a complete characterization of the interaction between N-SH2 and a peptide mimicking the scaffolding protein Gab2. Our results highlight that N-SH2 is characterized by a remarkable structural plasticity, with the binding reaction being mediated by a diffused structural region and not solely by the residues located in the binding pocket. Furthermore, the analysis of kinetic data allow us to pinpoint an allosteric network involving residues far from the binding pocket involved in specificity. Results are discussed on the light of previous works on the binding properties of SH2 domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - James A Jarvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lei C, Su B, Dong H, Bellavia A, Fenza RD, Fakhr BS, Gianni S, Grassi LG, Kacmarek R, Morais CCA, Pinciroli R, Vassena E, Berra L. Protocol of a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled Nitric Oxide in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). medRxiv 2020:2020.03.09.20033530. [PMID: 32511534 PMCID: PMC7273302 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome due to novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) related infection (COVID-19) is characterized by severe ventilation perfusion mismatch leading to refractory hypoxemia. To date, there is no specific treatment available for COVID-19. Nitric oxide is a selective pulmonary vasodilator gas used as a rescue therapy in refractory hypoxemia due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In has also shown invitro and clinical evidence that inhaled nitric oxide gas (iNO) has antiviral activity against other strains of coronavirus. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether inhaled NO improves oxygenation in patients with hypoxic COVID-19. This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial with 1:1 individual allocation. Patients will be blinded to the treatment. Methods and analysis Intubated patients admitted to the intensive care unit with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe hypoxemia will be randomized to receive inhalation of NO (treatment group) or not (control group). Treatment will be stopped when patients are free from hypoxemia for more than 24 hours. The primary outcome evaluates levels of oxygenation between the two groups at 48 hours. Secondary outcomes include rate of survival rate at 28 and 90 days in the two groups, time to resolution of severe hypoxemia, time to achieve negativity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Investigational Review Board of Xijing Hospital (Xi'an, China) and by the Partners Human Research Committee (Boston, USA). Recruitment will start after approval of both IRBs and local IRBs at other enrolling centers. Results of this study will be published in scientific journals, presented at scientific meetings, reported through flyers and posters, and published on related website or media in combating against this widespread contagious disease. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov. NCT04306393.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binxiao Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Andrea Bellavia
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raffaele Di Fenza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan-Italy
| | - Bijan Safaee Fakhr
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luigi Giuseppe Grassi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Kacmarek
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caio Cesar Araujo Morais
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riccardo Pinciroli
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuele Vassena
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Malagrinò F, Visconti L, Pagano L, Toto A, Troilo F, Gianni S. Understanding the Binding Induced Folding of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins by Protein Engineering: Caveats and Pitfalls. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103484. [PMID: 32429036 PMCID: PMC7279032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins lack a well-defined three-dimensional structure in isolation. These proteins, typically denoted as intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), may display a characteristic disorder-to-order transition when binding their physiological partner(s). From an experimental perspective, it is of great importance to establish the general grounds to understand how such folding processes may be explored. Here we discuss the caveats and the pitfalls arising when applying to IDPs one of the key techniques to characterize the folding of globular proteins, the Φ value analysis. This method is based on measurements of the free energy changes of transition and native states upon conservative, non-disrupting, mutations. On the basis of available data, we reinforce the validity of Φ value analysis in the study of IDPs and suggest future experiments to further validate this powerful experimental method.
Collapse
|
48
|
Toto A, Malagrinò F, Visconti L, Troilo F, Pagano L, Brunori M, Jemth P, Gianni S. Templated folding of intrinsically disordered proteins. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6586-6593. [PMID: 32253236 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.012413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of our current knowledge of biological chemistry is founded in the structure-function relationship, whereby sequence determines structure that determines function. Thus, the discovery that a large fraction of the proteome is intrinsically disordered, while being functional, has revolutionized our understanding of proteins and raised new and interesting questions. Many intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have been determined to undergo a disorder-to-order transition when recognizing their physiological partners, suggesting that their mechanisms of folding are intrinsically different from those observed in globular proteins. However, IDPs also follow some of the classic paradigms established for globular proteins, pointing to important similarities in their behavior. In this review, we compare and contrast the folding mechanisms of globular proteins with the emerging features of binding-induced folding of intrinsically disordered proteins. Specifically, whereas disorder-to-order transitions of intrinsically disordered proteins appear to follow rules of globular protein folding, such as the cooperative nature of the reaction, their folding pathways are remarkably more malleable, due to the heterogeneous nature of their folding nuclei, as probed by analysis of linear free-energy relationship plots. These insights have led to a new model for the disorder-to-order transition in IDPs termed "templated folding," whereby the binding partner dictates distinct structural transitions en route to product, while ensuring a cooperative folding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Brunori
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lei C, Su B, Dong H, Fakhr BS, Grassi LG, Di Fenza R, Gianni S, Pinciroli R, Vassena E, Morais CCA, Bellavia A, Spina S, Kacmarek R, Berra L. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide therapy in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19. medRxiv 2020:2020.03.10.20033522. [PMID: 32511450 PMCID: PMC7239076 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.10.20033522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction the current worldwide outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is seriously threatening the public health. The number of infected patients is continuously increasing and the need for Intensive Care Unit admission ranges from 5 to 26%. The mortality is reported to be around 3.4% with higher values for the elderly and in patients with comorbidities. Moreover, this condition is challenging the healthcare system where the outbreak reached its highest value. To date there is still no available treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) has a beneficial effect on the coronavirus-mediated acute respiratory syndrome, and this can be related to its viricidal effect. The time from the symptoms' onset to the development of severe respiratory distress is relatively long. We hypothesize that high concentrations of inhaled NO administered during early phases of COVID-19 infection can prevent the progression of the disease. Methods and analysis This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Spontaneous breathing patients admitted to the hospital for symptomatic COVID-19 infection will be eligible to enter the study. Patients in the treatment group will receive inhaled NO at high doses (140-180 parts per million) for 30 minutes, 2 sessions every day for 14 days in addition to the hospital care. Patient in the control group will receive only hospital care. The primary outcome is the percentage of patients requiring endotracheal intubation due to the progression of the disease in the first 28 days from enrollment in the study. Secondary outcomes include mortality at 28 days, proportion of negative test for SARS-CoV-2 at 7 days and time to clinical recovery. Ethics and dissemination The trial protocol has been approved at the Investigation Review Boards of Xijing Hospital (Xi'an, China) and The Partners Human Research Committee of Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, USA) is pending. Recruitment is expected to start in March 2020. Results of this study will be published in scientific journals, presented at scientific meetings, and on related website or media in fighting this widespread contagious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binxiao Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bijan Safaee Fakhr
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luigi Giuseppe Grassi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raffaele Di Fenza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riccardo Pinciroli
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuele Vassena
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caio Cesar Araujo Morais
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Bellavia
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefano Spina
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Kacmarek
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Laursen L, Karlsson E, Gianni S, Jemth P. Functional interplay between protein domains in a supramodular structure involving the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1992-2000. [PMID: 31831623 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell scaffolding and signaling are governed by protein-protein interactions. Although a particular interaction is often defined by two specific domains binding to each other, this interaction often occurs in the context of other domains in multidomain proteins. How such adjacent domains form supertertiary structures and modulate protein-protein interactions has only recently been addressed and is incompletely understood. The postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 contains a three-domain supramodule, denoted PSG, which consists of PDZ, Src homology 3 (SH3), and guanylate kinase-like domains. The PDZ domain binds to the C terminus of its proposed natural ligand, CXXC repeat-containing interactor of PDZ3 domain (CRIPT), and results from previous experiments using only the isolated PDZ domain are consistent with the simplest scenario for a protein-protein interaction; namely, a two-state mechanism. Here we analyzed the binding kinetics of the PSG supramodule with CRIPT. We show that PSG binds CRIPT via a more complex mechanism involving two conformational states interconverting on the second timescale. Both conformational states bound a CRIPT peptide with similar affinities but with different rates, and the distribution of the two conformational states was slightly shifted upon CRIPT binding. Our results are consistent with recent structural findings of conformational changes in PSD-95 and demonstrate how conformational transitions in supertertiary structures can shape the ligand-binding energy landscape and modulate protein-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Laursen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli," Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|