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van der Haar Àvila I, Zhang T, Lorrain V, de Bruin F, Spreij T, Nakayama H, Iwabuchi K, García-Vallejo JJ, Wuhrer M, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Limited impact of cancer-derived gangliosides on anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae036. [PMID: 38785323 PMCID: PMC11137322 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key mechanism employed by cancer cells to evade immune surveillance, induce angiogenesis and metastasis, among other hallmarks of cancer. Sialic acids, distinctive terminal glycan structures located on glycoproteins or glycolipids, are prominently upregulated across various tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Sialylated glycans modulate anti-tumor immune responses through their interactions with Siglecs, a family of glycan-binding receptors with specificity for sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates, often resulting in immunosuppression. In this paper, we investigated the immunomodulatory function of ST3Gal5, a sialyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of α2-3 sialic acids to glycosphingolipids, since lower expression of ST3Gal5 is associated with better survival of CRC patients. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the ST3Gal5 gene in two murine CRC cell lines MC38 and CT26. Glycomics analysis confirmed the removal of sialic acids on glycolipids, with no discernible impact on glycoprotein sialylation. Although knocking out ST3Gal5 in both cell lines did not affect in vivo tumor growth, we observed enhanced levels of regulatory T cells in CT26 tumors lacking ST3Gal5. Moreover, we demonstrate that the absence of ST3Gal5 affected size and blood vessel density only in MC38 tumors. In summary, we ascertain that sialylation of glycosphingolipids has a limited influence on the anti-tumor immune response in CRC, despite detecting alterations in the tumor microenvironment, possibly due to a shift in ganglioside abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van der Haar Àvila
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Lorrain
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florance de Bruin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tianne Spreij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-5-1 Takasu Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-5-1 Takasu Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Tumoglu B, Keelaghan A, Avci FY. Tn antigen interactions of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) in immune function and disease. Glycobiology 2023; 33:879-887. [PMID: 37847609 PMCID: PMC10859631 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions are essential in maintaining immune homeostasis and orchestrating inflammatory and regulatory immune processes. This review elucidates the immune interactions of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL, CD301) and Tn carbohydrate antigen. MGL is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) primarily expressed by myeloid cells such as macrophages and immature dendritic cells. MGL recognizes terminal O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue on the surface proteins, also known as Tn antigen (Tn). Tn is a truncated form of the elongated cell surface O-glycan. The hypoglycosylation leading to Tn may occur when the enzyme responsible for O-glycan elongation-T-synthase-or its associated chaperone-Cosmc-becomes functionally inhibited. As reviewed here, Tn expression is observed in many different neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, and the recognition of Tn by MGL plays an important role in regulating effector T cells, immune suppression, and the recognition of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Tumoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Aidan Keelaghan
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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Szczykutowicz J. Ligand Recognition by the Macrophage Galactose-Type C-Type Lectin: Self or Non-Self?-A Way to Trick the Host's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17078. [PMID: 38069400 PMCID: PMC10707269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cells and numerous macromolecules of living organisms carry an array of simple and complex carbohydrates on their surface, which may be recognized by many types of proteins, including lectins. Human macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL, also known as hMGL/CLEC10A/CD301) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) specific to glycans containing terminal GalNAc residue, such as Tn antigen or LacdiNAc but also sialylated Tn antigens. Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) exhibits immunosuppressive properties, thus facilitating the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Hence, MGL is exploited by tumors and some pathogens to trick the host immune system and induce an immunosuppressive environment to escape immune control. The aims of this article are to discuss the immunological outcomes of human MGL ligand recognition, provide insights into the molecular aspects of these interactions, and review the MGL ligands discovered so far. Lastly, based on the human fetoembryonic defense system (Hu-FEDS) hypothesis, this paper raises the question as to whether MGL-mediated interactions may be relevant in the development of maternal tolerance toward male gametes and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szczykutowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Takeda K, Koi M, Okita Y, Sajibu S, Keku TO, Carethers JM. Fusobacterium nucleatum Load Correlates with KRAS Mutation and Sessile Serrated Pathogenesis in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1940-1951. [PMID: 37772997 PMCID: PMC10530411 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been frequently detected in colorectal cancer. A high load of Fn has been associated with subtypes of colorectal cancers, located in the proximal colon, exhibiting microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, the CpG island hypermethylation phenotype-high, or BRAF mutation in some studies. Although these features characterize the sessile serrated pathway (SSP) of colon cancers, other studies have shown that Fn infection is associated with KRAS mutations mainly characteristic of non-serrated neoplasia. It is also not clear at what point the association of Fn infection with these genomic alterations is established during colorectal carcinogenesis. Here we show that MSI-H, MLH1 hypermethylation, BRAF mutation or KRAS mutations were independently associated with Fn infection in colorectal cancer. On the other hand, increasing Fn copy number in tissues was associated with increased probability to exhibit MSI-H, MLH1 hypermethylation or BRAF mutations but not KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer. We also show that Fn load was significantly less than that of colorectal cancer and no association was detected between BRAF/KRAS mutations or MLH1 hypermethylation and Fn infection in adenomas. Our combined data suggest that increasing loads of Fn during and/or after adenomacarcinoma transition might promote SSP but not KRAS-driven colorectal carcinogenesis. Alternatively, Fn preferentially colonizes colorectal cancers with SSP and KRAS mutations but can expand more in colorectal cancers with SSP. SIGNIFICANCE The authors demonstrated that Fn is enriched in colorectal cancers exhibiting the SSP phenotype, and in colorectal cancers carrying KRAS mutations. Fn infection should be considered as a candidate risk factor specific to colorectal cancers with the SSP phenotype and with KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Takeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Minoru Koi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Divsion of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Yoshiki Okita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Sija Sajibu
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Temitope O. Keku
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John M. Carethers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Divsion of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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Pinto D, Parameswaran R. Role of Truncated O-GalNAc Glycans in Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Endocrine Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3266. [PMID: 37444377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are an essential part of cells, playing a fundamental role in many pathophysiological processes such as cell differentiation, adhesion, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions, tumour cell invasion, and metastasis development. These glycans are also able to exert control over the changes in tumour immunogenicity, interfering with tumour-editing events and leading to immune-resistant cancer cells. The incomplete synthesis of O-glycans or the formation of truncated glycans such as the Tn-antigen (Thomsen nouveau; GalNAcα- Ser/Thr), its sialylated version the STn-antigen (sialyl-Tn; Neu5Acα2-6GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) and the elongated T-antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich; Galβ1-3GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) has been shown to be associated with tumour progression and metastatic state in many human cancers. Prognosis in various human cancers is significantly poor when they dedifferentiate or metastasise. Recent studies in glycobiology have shown truncated O-glycans to be a hallmark of cancer cells, and when expressed, increase the oncogenicity by promoting dedifferentiation, risk of metastasis by impaired adhesion (mediated by selectins and integrins), and resistance to immunological killing by NK cells. Insight into these truncated glycans provides a complimentary and attractive route for cancer antigen discovery. The recent emergence of immunotherapies against cancers is predicted to harness the potential of using such agents against cancer-associated truncated glycans. In this review, we explore the role of truncated O-glycans in cancer progression and metastasis along with some recent studies on the role of O-glycans in endocrine cancers affecting the thyroid and adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diluka Pinto
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Rajeev Parameswaran
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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6
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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7
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Lageveen‐Kammeijer GSM, Kuster B, Reusch D, Wuhrer M. High sensitivity glycomics in biomedicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1014-1039. [PMID: 34494287 PMCID: PMC9788051 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical challenges in biomedicine arise from the generally high heterogeneity and complexity of glycan- and glycoconjugate-containing samples, which are often only available in minute amounts. Therefore, highly sensitive workflows and detection methods are required. In this review mass spectrometric workflows and detection methods are evaluated for glycans and glycoproteins. Furthermore, glycomic methodologies and innovations that are tailored for enzymatic treatments, chemical derivatization, purification, separation, and detection at high sensitivity are highlighted. The discussion is focused on the analysis of mammalian N-linked and GalNAc-type O-linked glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development EuropeRoche Diagnostics GmbHPenzbergGermany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical CenterCenter for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeidenThe Netherlands
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8
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Advances in the Immunomodulatory Properties of Glycoantigens in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081854. [PMID: 35454762 PMCID: PMC9032556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This work reviews the role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer cells during tumour growth and spreading, as well as in immune evasion. The interaction of tumour-associated glycans with the immune system through C-type lectin receptors can favour immune escape but can also provide opportunities to develop novel tumour immunotherapy strategies. This work highlights the main findings in this area and spotlights the challenges that remain to be investigated. Abstract Aberrant glycosylation in tumour progression is currently a topic of main interest. Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cancers, being both a diagnostic tool and a potential treatment target, as they have impact on patient outcome and disease progression. Glycans affect both tumour-cell biology properties as well as the antitumor immune response. It has been ascertained that TACAs affect cell migration, invasion and metastatic properties both when expressed by cancer cells or by their extracellular vesicles. On the other hand, tumour-associated glycans recognized by C-type lectin receptors in immune cells possess immunomodulatory properties which enable tumour growth and immune response evasion. Yet, much remains unknown, concerning mechanisms involved in deregulation of glycan synthesis and how this affects cell biology on a major level. This review summarises the main findings to date concerning how aberrant glycans influence tumour growth and immunity, their application in cancer treatment and spotlights of unanswered challenges remaining to be solved.
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Hitchcock CL, Povoski SP, Mojzisik CM, Martin EW. Survival Advantage Following TAG-72 Antigen-Directed Cancer Surgery in Patients With Colorectal Carcinoma: Proposed Mechanisms of Action. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731350. [PMID: 34950576 PMCID: PMC8688248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) continue to have variable clinical outcomes despite undergoing the same surgical procedure with curative intent and having the same pathologic and clinical stage. This problem suggests the need for better techniques to assess the extent of disease during surgery. We began to address this problem 35 years ago by injecting patients with either primary or recurrent CRC with 125I-labeled murine monoclonal antibodies against the tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) and using a handheld gamma-detecting probe (HGDP) for intraoperative detection and removal of radioactive, i.e., TAG-72-positive, tissue. Data from these studies demonstrated a significant difference in overall survival data (p < 0.005 or better) when no TAG-72-positive tissue remained compared to when TAG-72-positive tissue remained at the completion of surgery. Recent publications indicate that aberrant glycosylation of mucins and their critical role in suppressing tumor-associated immune response help to explain the cellular mechanisms underlying our results. We propose that monoclonal antibodies to TAG-72 recognize and bind to antigenic epitopes on mucins that suppress the tumor-associated immune response in both the tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes. Complete surgical removal of all TAG-72-positive tissue serves to reverse the escape phase of immunoediting, allowing a resetting of this response that leads to improved overall survival of the patients with either primary or recurrent CRC. Thus, the status of TAG-72 positivity after resection has a significant impact on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Hitchcock
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stephen P. Povoski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cathy M. Mojzisik
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Edward W. Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Rømer TB, Aasted MKM, Dabelsteen S, Groen A, Schnabel J, Tan E, Pedersen JW, Haue AD, Wandall HH. Mapping of truncated O-glycans in cancers of epithelial and non-epithelial origin. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1239-1250. [PMID: 34526666 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel immunotherapies targeting cancer-associated truncated O-glycans Tn (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) and STn (Neu5Acα2-6GalNacα-Ser/Thr) are promising strategies for cancer treatment. However, no comprehensive, antibody-based mapping of truncated O-glycans in tumours exist to guide drug development. METHODS We used monoclonal antibodies to map the expression of truncated O-glycans in >700 tissue cores representing healthy and tumour tissues originating from breast, colon, lung, pancreas, skin, CNS and mesenchymal tissue. Patient-derived xenografts were used to evaluate Tn expression upon tumour engraftment. RESULTS The Tn-antigen was highly expressed in breast (57%, n = 64), colorectal (51%, n = 140) and pancreatic (53%, n = 108) tumours, while STn was mainly observed in colorectal (80%, n = 140) and pancreatic (56%, n = 108) tumours. We observed no truncated O-glycans in mesenchymal tumours (n = 32) and low expression of Tn (5%, n = 87) and STn (1%, n = 75) in CNS tumours. No Tn-antigen was found in normal tissue (n = 124) while STn was occasionally observed in healthy gastrointestinal tissue. Surface expression of Tn-antigen was identified across several cancers. Tn and STn expression decreased with tumour grade, but not with cancer stage. Numerous xenografts maintained Tn expression. CONCLUSIONS Surface expression of truncated O-glycans is limited to cancers of epithelial origin, making Tn and STn attractive immunological targets in the treatment of human carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Boldt Rømer
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Koed Møller Aasted
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Johannes Wirenfeldt Pedersen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Amalie Dahl Haue
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans Heugh Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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11
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Lima CDL, Coelho H, Gimeno A, Trovão F, Diniz A, Dias JS, Jiménez-Barbero J, Corzana F, Carvalho AL, Cabrita EJ, Marcelo F. Structural Insights into the Molecular Recognition Mechanism of the Cancer and Pathogenic Epitope, LacdiNAc by Immune-Related Lectins. Chemistry 2021; 27:7951-7958. [PMID: 33826192 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of glycan-specific epitopes to human lectin receptors represent novel immune checkpoints for investigating cancer and infection diseases. By employing a multidisciplinary approach that combines isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and X-ray crystallography, we investigated the molecular determinants that govern the recognition of the tumour and pathogenic glycobiomarker LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, LDN), including their comparison with the ubiquitous LacNAc epitope (Galβ1-4GlcNAc, LN), by two human immune-related lectins, galectin-3 (hGal-3) and the macrophage galactose C-type lectin (hMGL). A different mechanism of binding and interactions was observed for the hGal-3/LDN and hMGL/LDN complexes, which explains the remarkable difference in the binding specificity of LDN and LN by these two lectins. The new structural clues reported herein are fundamental for the chemical design of mimetics targeting hGal-3/hMGL recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D L Lima
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia, Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170, Derio, Spain
| | - Filipa Trovão
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge S Dias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia, Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eurico J Cabrita
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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12
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Cornelissen LAM, Blanas A, Zaal A, van der Horst JC, Kruijssen LJW, O'Toole T, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Tn Antigen Expression Contributes to an Immune Suppressive Microenvironment and Drives Tumor Growth in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1622. [PMID: 33014816 PMCID: PMC7461972 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tumor-associated glycan Tn antigen (αGalNAc-Ser/Thr) has been correlated to poor prognosis and metastasis in multiple cancer types. However, the exact mechanisms exerted by Tn antigen to support tumor growth are still lacking. One emerging hallmark of cancer is evasion of immune destruction. Although tumor cells often exploit the glycosylation machinery to interact with the immune system, the contribution of Tn antigen to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has scarcely been studied. Here, we explored how Tn antigen influences the tumor immune cell composition in a colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of the C1galt1c1 gene resulted in elevated Tn antigen levels on the cell surface of the CRC cell line MC38 (MC38-Tnhigh). RNA sequencing and subsequent GO term enrichment analysis of our Tnhigh glycovariant not only revealed differences in MAPK signaling and cell migration, but also in antigen processing and presentation as well as in cytotoxic T cell responses. Indeed, MC38-Tnhigh tumors displayed increased tumor growth in vivo, which was correlated with an altered tumor immune cell infiltration, characterized by reduced levels of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and enhanced accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Interestingly, no systemic differences in T cell subsets were observed. Together, our data demonstrate for the first time that Tn antigen expression in the CRC tumor microenvironment affects the tumor-associated immune cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenneke A M Cornelissen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Blanas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Zaal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura J W Kruijssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom O'Toole
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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N-Glycoproteins Have a Major Role in MGL Binding to Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: Associations with Overall Proteome Diversity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155522. [PMID: 32752259 PMCID: PMC7432225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer death worldwide due in part to a high proportion of patients diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease. For this reason, many efforts have been made towards new approaches for early detection and prognosis. Cancer-associated aberrant glycosylation, especially the Tn and STn antigens, can be detected using the macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin (MGL/CLEC10A/CD301), which has been shown to be a promising tool for CRC prognosis. We had recently identified the major MGL-binding glycoproteins in two high-MGL-binding CRC cells lines, HCT116 and HT29. However, we failed to detect the presence of O-linked Tn and STn glycans on most CRC glycoproteins recognized by MGL. We therefore investigated here the impact of N-linked and O-linked glycans carried by these proteins for the binding to MGL. In addition, we performed quantitative proteomics to study the major differences in proteins involved in glycosylation in these cells. Our results showed that N-glycans have a significant, previously underestimated, importance in MGL binding to CRC cell lines. Finally, we highlighted both common and cell-specific processes associated with a high-MGL-binding phenotype, such as differential levels of enzymes involved in protein glycosylation, and a transcriptional factor (CDX-2) involved in their regulation.
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14
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Valverde P, Martínez JD, Cañada FJ, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Molecular Recognition in C-Type Lectins: The Cases of DC-SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L-Sectin. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2999-3025. [PMID: 32426893 PMCID: PMC7276794 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a pivotal role in intercellular communication processes. In particular, glycan antigens are key for sustaining homeostasis, helping leukocytes to distinguish damaged tissues and invading pathogens from healthy tissues. From a structural perspective, this cross‐talk is fairly complex, and multiple membrane proteins guide these recognition processes, including lectins and Toll‐like receptors. Since the beginning of this century, lectins have become potential targets for therapeutics for controlling and/or avoiding the progression of pathologies derived from an incorrect immune outcome, including infectious processes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these receptors is mandatory for the development of specific treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about four key C‐type lectins whose importance has been steadily growing in recent years, focusing in particular on how glycan recognition takes place at the molecular level, but also looking at recent progresses in the quest for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Daniel Martínez
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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15
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Zaal A, Li RJE, Lübbers J, Bruijns SCM, Kalay H, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Activation of the C-Type Lectin MGL by Terminal GalNAc Ligands Reduces the Glycolytic Activity of Human Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:305. [PMID: 32161592 PMCID: PMC7053379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tumors display alterations in the biosynthetic pathways of glycosylation, resulting in increased expression of specific tumor-associated glycan structures. Expression of these altered glycan structures is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Antigen presenting cells can recognize tumor-associated glycan structures, including the truncated O-glycan Tn antigen, via specific glycan receptors. Tn antigen-mediated activation of the C-type lectin MGL on dendritic cells induces regulatory T cells via the enhanced secretion of IL-10. Although these findings indicate that MGL engagement by glycan ligands can modulate immune responses, the impact of MGL ligation on dendritic cells is still not completely understood. Therefore, we employed RNA sequencing, GO term enrichment and pathway analysis on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with two different MGL glycan ligands. Our analyses revealed a reduced expression of genes coding for key enzymes involved in the glycolysis pathway, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. In concordance with this, extracellular flux analysis confirmed the decrease in glycolytic activity upon MGL triggering in human dendritic cells. To our knowledge, we are the first to report a diminished glycolytic activity of human dendritic cells upon C-type lectin stimulation. Overall, our findings highlight the impact of tumor-associated glycans on dendritic cell biology and metabolism and will increase our understanding on how glycans can shape immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Zaal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R J Eveline Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Lübbers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven C M Bruijns
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Glioblastomas exploit truncated O -linked glycans for local and distant immune modulation via the macrophage galactose-type lectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3693-3703. [PMID: 32019882 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907921117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain malignancy, for which immunotherapy has failed to prolong survival. Glioblastoma-associated immune infiltrates are dominated by tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs), which are key mediators of immune suppression and resistance to immunotherapy. We and others demonstrated aberrant expression of glycans in different cancer types. These tumor-associated glycans trigger inhibitory signaling in TAMs through glycan-binding receptors. We investigated the glioblastoma glycocalyx as a tumor-intrinsic immune suppressor. We detected increased expression of both tumor-associated truncated O-linked glycans and their receptor, macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), on CD163+ TAMs in glioblastoma patient-derived tumor tissues. In an immunocompetent orthotopic glioma mouse model overexpressing truncated O-linked glycans (MGL ligands), high-dimensional mass cytometry revealed a wide heterogeneity of infiltrating myeloid cells with increased infiltration of PD-L1+ TAMs as well as distant alterations in the bone marrow (BM). Our results demonstrate that glioblastomas exploit cell surface O-linked glycans for local and distant immune modulation.
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17
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Pirro M, Rombouts Y, Stella A, Neyrolles O, Burlet-Schiltz O, van Vliet SJ, de Ru AH, Mohammed Y, Wuhrer M, van Veelen PA, Hensbergen PJ. Characterization of Macrophage Galactose-type Lectin (MGL) ligands in colorectal cancer cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129513. [PMID: 31911241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+-dependent C-type lectin receptor Macrophage Galactose-type Lectin (MGL) is highly expressed by tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. MGL exhibits a high binding specificity for terminal alpha- and beta-linked GalNAc residues found in Tn, sTn and LacdiNAc antigens. These glycan epitopes are often overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and, as such, MGL can be used to discriminate tumor from the corresponding healthy tissues. Moreover, the high expression of MGL ligands is associated with poor disease-free survival in stage III of CRC tumors. Nonetheless, the glycoproteins expressed by tumor cells that are recognized by MGL have hitherto remained elusive. METHODS Using a panel of three CRC cell lines (HCT116, HT29 and LS174T), recapitulating CRC diversity, we performed FACS staining and pull-down assays using a recombinant soluble form of MGL (and a mutant MGL as control) combined with mass spectrometry-based (glyco)proteomics. RESULTS HCT116 and HT29, but not LS174T, are high MGL-binding CRC cell lines. On these cells, the major cell surface binding proteins are receptors (e.g. MET, PTK7, SORL1, PTPRF) and integrins (ITGB1, ITGA3). From these proteins, several N- and/or O-glycopeptides were identified, of which some carried either a LacdiNAc or Tn epitope. CONCLUSIONS We have identified cell surface MGL-ligands on CRC cell lines. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Advances in (glyco)proteomics have led to identification of candidate key mediators of immune-evasion and tumor growth in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pirro
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Stella
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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18
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Diniz A, Coelho H, Dias JS, Vliet SJ, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Corzana F, Cabrita EJ, Marcelo F. The Plasticity of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain Dictates the Exquisite Mechanism of Binding of Human Macrophage Galactose‐Type Lectin. Chemistry 2019; 25:13945-13955. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
- CIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A 48170 Derio Spain
- Departament of Organic Chemistry IIFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940 Bizkaia Spain
| | - Jorge S. Dias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Sandra J. Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 1007MB Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A 48170 Derio Spain
- Departament of Organic Chemistry IIFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940 Bizkaia Spain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science Maria Diaz de Haro 13 48009 Bilbao Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de QuímicaCentro de Investigación en Síntesis QuímicaUniversidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Eurico J. Cabrita
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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19
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Ilarregui JM, Kooij G, Rodríguez E, van der Pol SMA, Koning N, Kalay H, van der Horst JC, van Vliet SJ, García-Vallejo JJ, de Vries HE, van Kooyk Y. Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) is induced on M2 microglia and participates in the resolution phase of autoimmune neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:130. [PMID: 31248427 PMCID: PMC6598247 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves a misdirected immune attack against myelin in the brain and spinal cord, leading to profound neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. While the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis have been widely studied, the suppression mechanisms that lead to the resolution of the autoimmune response are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), usually expressed on tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), as a negative regulator of autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation. METHODS We used in silico, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry analysis to explore the expression and functionality of MGL in human macrophages and microglia, as well as in MS post-mortem tissue. In vitro, we studied the capacity of MGL to mediate apoptosis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-derived T cells and mouse CD4+ T cells. Finally, we evaluated in vivo and ex vivo the immunomodulatory potential of MGL in EAE. RESULTS MGL plays a critical role in the resolution phase of EAE as MGL1-deficient (Clec10a-/-) mice showed a similar day of onset but experienced a higher clinical score to that of WT littermates. We demonstrate that the mouse ortholog MGL1 induces apoptosis of autoreactive T cells and diminishes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory autoantibodies. Moreover, we show that MGL1 but not MGL2 induces apoptosis of activated mouse CD4+ T cells in vitro. In human settings, we show that MGL expression is increased in active MS lesions and on alternatively activated microglia and macrophages which, in turn, induces the secretion of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10, underscoring the clinical relevance of this lectin. CONCLUSIONS Our results show a new role of MGL-expressing APCs as an anti-inflammatory mechanism in autoimmune neuroinflammation by dampening pathogenic T and B cell responses, uncovering a novel clue for neuroprotective therapeutic strategies with relevance for in MS clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Ilarregui
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
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20
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Sahasrabudhe NM, van der Horst JC, Spaans V, Kenter G, de Kroon C, Bosse T, van Vliet SJ, Jordanova ES. MGL Ligand Expression Is Correlated to Lower Survival and Distant Metastasis in Cervical Squamous Cell and Adenosquamous Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30761272 PMCID: PMC6361794 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer type in women worldwide and is characterized by a highly immune-suppressive microenvironment. Here, we describe aberrant glycosylation as a factor mediating this immunosuppressive microenvironment. Expression of a specific carbohydrate ligand for the immune-regulatory C-type lectin MGL was correlated to poor disease-specific survival and distant recurrences in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), the most common histological subtypes of cervical cancer. MGL ligand expression was also associated with lymph node metastasis, the absence of CD14+ myeloid cells and the presence of CD14-CD163+ myeloid cells. Indeed, expression of the MGL receptor itself could be detected on CD163+ cells, suggesting that MGL+ myeloid cells are able to interact locally with MGL ligand+ tumor cells. Additionally, MGL ligand expression correlated to the occurrence of PIK3CA mutations, the most frequently observed oncogenic alteration in cervical cancer. In conclusion, we present prognostic value for MGL ligand expression in SCC/ASC patients, which further supports an immune evasive role for the C-type lectin MGL in the tumor immune compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M. Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost C. van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vivian Spaans
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gemma Kenter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cor de Kroon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S. Jordanova
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Liu Z, Liu J, Dong X, Hu X, Jiang Y, Li L, Du T, Yang L, Wen T, An G, Feng G. Tn antigen promotes human colorectal cancer metastasis via H-Ras mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition activation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2083-2092. [PMID: 30637914 PMCID: PMC6378212 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tn antigen is a truncated O‐glycan, frequently detected in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its precise role in CRC metastasis is not well addressed. Here we investigated the effects of Core 1 β3Gal‐T specific molecular chaperone (Cosmc) deletion‐mediated Tn antigen exposure on CRC metastasis and its underlying mechanism. We first used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout Cosmc, which is required for normal O‐glycosylation, and thereby obtained Tn‐positive CRC cells. We then investigated the biological consequences of Tn antigen expression in CRC. The results showed that Tn‐positive cells exhibited an enhanced metastatic capability both in vitro and in vivo. A further analysis indicated that Tn antigen expression induced typical activation of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, we found that H‐Ras, which is known to drive EMT, was markedly up‐regulated in Tn‐positive cells, whereas knockdown of H‐Ras suppressed Tn antigen induced activation of EMT. Furthermore, we confirmed that LS174T cells (Tn‐positive) transfected with wild‐type Cosmc, thus expressing no Tn antigen, had down‐regulation of H‐Ras expression and subsequent inhibition of EMT process. In addition, analysis of 438 samples in TCGA cohort demonstrated that Cosmc expression was reversely correlated with H‐Ras, underscoring the significance of Tn antigen‐H‐Ras signalling in CRC patients. These data demonstrated that Cosmc deletion‐mediated Tn antigen exposure promotes CRC metastasis, which is possibly mediated by H‐Ras‐induced EMT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xichen Dong
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Du
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guosheng Feng
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Pirro M, Schoof E, van Vliet SJ, Rombouts Y, Stella A, de Ru A, Mohammed Y, Wuhrer M, van Veelen PA, Hensbergen PJ. Glycoproteomic Analysis of MGL-Binding Proteins on Acute T-Cell Leukemia Cells. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1125-1132. [PMID: 30582698 PMCID: PMC6399673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
C-type lectins are
a diverse group of proteins involved in many
human physiological and pathological processes. Most C-type lectins
are glycan-binding proteins, some of which are pivotal for innate
immune responses against pathogens. Other C-type lectins, such as
the macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), have been shown to induce
immunosuppressive responses upon the recognition of aberrant glycosylation
on cancer cells. MGL is known to recognize terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), such as the Tn antigen, which is commonly
found on malignant cells. Even though this glycan specificity of MGL
is well described, there is a lack of understanding of the actual
glycoproteins that bind MGL. We present a glycoproteomic workflow
for the identification of MGL-binding proteins, which we applied to
study MGL ligands on the human Jurkat leukemia cell line. In addition
to the known MGL ligands and Tn antigen-carrying proteins CD43 and
CD45 on these cells, we have identified a set of novel cell-surface
ligands for MGL. Importantly, for several of these, O-glycosylation
has hitherto not been described. Altogether, our data provide new
insight into the identification and structure of novel MGL ligands
that presumably act as modulatory molecules in cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pirro
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Schoof
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1007 MB Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale , Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse 31062 , France
| | - Alexandre Stella
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale , Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse 31062 , France
| | - Arnoud de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
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23
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Marcelo F, Supekar N, Corzana F, van der Horst JC, Vuist IM, Live D, Boons GJPH, Smith DF, van Vliet SJ. Identification of a secondary binding site in human macrophage galactose-type lectin by microarray studies: Implications for the molecular recognition of its ligands. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1300-1311. [PMID: 30504228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) is a C-type lectin characterized by a unique specificity for terminal GalNAc residues present in the tumor-associated Tn antigen (αGalNAc-Ser/Thr) and its sialylated form, the sialyl-Tn antigen. However, human MGL has multiple splice variants, and whether these variants have distinct ligand-binding properties is unknown. Here, using glycan microarrays, we compared the binding properties of the short MGL 6C (MGLshort) and the long MGL 6B (MGLlong) splice variants, as well as of a histidine-to-threonine mutant (MGLshort H259T). Although the MGLshort and MGLlong variants displayed similar binding properties on the glycan array, the MGLshort H259T mutant failed to interact with the sialyl-Tn epitope. As the MGLshort H259T variant could still bind a single GalNAc monosaccharide on this array, we next investigated its binding characteristics to Tn-containing glycopeptides derived from the MGL ligands mucin 1 (MUC1), MUC2, and CD45. Strikingly, in the glycopeptide microarray, the MGLshort H259T variant lost high-affinity binding toward Tn-containing glycopeptides, especially at low probing concentrations. Moreover, MGLshort H259T was unable to recognize cancer-associated Tn epitopes on tumor cell lines. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that in WT MGLshort, His259 mediates H bonds directly or engages the Tn-glycopeptide backbone through water molecules. These bonds were lost in MGLshort H259T, thus explaining its lower binding affinity. Together, our results suggest that MGL not only connects to the Tn carbohydrate epitope, but also engages the underlying peptide via a secondary binding pocket within the MGL carbohydrate recognition domain containing the His259 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Marcelo
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nitin Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona M Vuist
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Live
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Geert-Jan P H Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer with genomic and epigenomic alterations. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35609-35610. [PMID: 30479691 PMCID: PMC6235014 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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25
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Sahasrabudhe NM, Lenos K, van der Horst JC, Rodríguez E, van Vliet SJ. Oncogenic BRAFV600E drives expression of MGL ligands in the colorectal cancer cell line HT29 through N-acetylgalactosamine-transferase 3. Biol Chem 2018; 399:649-659. [PMID: 29894293 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer type worldwide. It is characterized by a high expression of aberrantly glycosylated ligands, such as the Tn antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr), which is a major ligand for the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL). We have previously determined that a high level of MGL ligands in colorectal tumors is associated with lower disease-free survival in patients with late stage disease, which we could attribute to the presence of oncogenic BRAFV600E mutations. Here we aimed to elucidate the downstream pathway of BRAFV600E governing high MGL ligand and Tn antigen expression. We focused on glycosylation-related enzymes involved in the synthesis or elongation of Tn antigen, N-acetylgalactosamine-transferases (GALNTs) and C1GalT1/COSMC, respectively. Both the activity and expression of C1GalT1 and COSMC were unrelated to the BRAF mutational status. In contrast, GALNT3, GALNT7 and GALNT12 were increased in colorectal cancer cells harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. Through CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockouts we could establish that GALNT3 increased MGL ligand synthesis in the HT29 cell line, while GALNT7 and GALNT12 appeared to have redundant roles. Together our results highlight a novel mechanistic pathway connecting BRAFV600E to aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer through GALNT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan Lenos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Chen N, Li W, Huang K, Yang W, Huang L, Cong T, Li Q, Qiu M. Increased platelet-lymphocyte ratio closely relates to inferior clinical features and worse long-term survival in both resected and metastatic colorectal cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 studies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32356-32369. [PMID: 28404961 PMCID: PMC5458290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. However, the prognostic and clinical value of platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in colorectal cancer was still unclear, which attracted more and more researchers considerable attention. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between PLR and survival as well as clinical features of CRC update to September 2016. The hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to access the association. We included 24 eligible studies with a total of 13719 patients. Elevated PLR predicted shorter overall survival (OS) (HR=1.47; 95%CI, 1.28-1.68; p<0.001), poorer disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=1.51; 95% CI, 1.2-1.91; p=0.001), and worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR=1.39; 95% CI, 1.03-1.86; p=0.03), but had nothing to do with Cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR=1.14; 95% CI, 0.92-1.42; p=0.223). After trim and fill method, the connection between PLR and DFS disappeared (HR=1.143; 95%CI, 0.903-1.447; p=0.267). By subgroup analyze, we found that increased PLR predicated a worse OS and DFS in patients who underwent surgery, and this prognostic role also shown both in metastatic and nonmetastatic patients. In addition, elevated PLR was associated with poorly differentiated tumor (OR=1.51; 95% CI, 1.26-1.81; p<0.001), higher tumor stage (OR=1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.49; p=0.012), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (OR=1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.43; p=0.001), and the recurrence of CRC (OR=2.78; 95% CI, 1.36-5.68; p=0.005). We indicated that pretreatment PLR was a good prognostic marker for CRC patients. High PLR was related to worse OS, RFS and poor clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanling Li
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kexin Huang
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Huang
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxin Cong
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingfang Li
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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27
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van den Broek E, Krijgsman O, Sie D, Tijssen M, Mongera S, van de Wiel MA, Belt EJT, den Uil SH, Bril H, Stockmann HBAC, Ylstra B, Carvalho B, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA. Genomic profiling of stage II and III colon cancers reveals APC mutations to be associated with survival in stage III colon cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73876-73887. [PMID: 27729614 PMCID: PMC5342020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor profiling of DNA alterations, i.e. gene point mutations, somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) and structural variants (SVs), improves insight into the molecular pathology of cancer and clinical outcome. Here, associations between genomic aberrations and disease recurrence in stage II and III colon cancers were investigated. A series of 114 stage II and III microsatellite stable colon cancer samples were analyzed by high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) to detect CNAs and CNA-associated chromosomal breakpoints (SVs). For 60 of these samples mutation status of APC, TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, FBXW7, SMAD4, BRAF and NRAS was determined using targeted massive parallel sequencing. Loss of chromosome 18q12.1-18q12.2 occurred more frequently in tumors that relapsed than in relapse-free tumors (p < 0.001; FDR = 0.13). In total, 267 genes were recurrently affected by SVs (FDR < 0.1). CNAs and SVs were not associated with disease-free survival (DFS). Mutations in APC and TP53 were associated with increased CNAs. APC mutations were associated with poor prognosis in (5-fluorouracil treated) stage III colon cancers (p = 0.005; HR = 4.1), an effect that was further enhanced by mutations in MAPK pathway (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF) genes. We conclude that among multiple genomic alterations in CRC, strongest associations with clinical outcome were observed for common mutations in APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daoud Sie
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Tijssen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mongera
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Th Belt
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H den Uil
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Bril
- Department of Pathology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
Tumour growth is accompanied by tumour evasion of the immune system, a process that is facilitated by immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1). However, the role of tumour glycosylation in immune evasion has mostly been overlooked, despite the fact that aberrant tumour glycosylation alters how the immune system perceives the tumour and can also induce immunosuppressive signalling through glycan-binding receptors. As such, specific glycan signatures found on tumour cells can be considered as a novel type of immune checkpoint. In parallel, glycosylation of tumour proteins generates neo-antigens that can serve as targets for tumour-specific T cells. In this Opinion article, we highlight how the tumour 'glyco-code' modifies immunity and suggest that targeting glycans could offer new therapeutic opportunities.
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29
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Li H, Wang Y, Liu H, Shi Q, Xu Y, Wu W, Zhu D, Amos CI, Fang S, Lee JE, Han J, Wei Q. Genetic variants in the integrin signaling pathway genes predict cutaneous melanoma survival. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:1270-1279. [PMID: 27914105 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To identify genetic variants involved in prognosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM), we investigated associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes in the integrin signaling pathway with CM survival by re-analyzing a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) from The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) and then validated significant SNPs in another GWAS from Harvard University. In the MDACC study, 1,148 SNPs were significantly associated with CM-specific survival (CMSS) (p ≤ 0.050 and false-positive report probability ≤ 0.20), and nine SNPs were validated in the Harvard study (p ≤ 0.050). Among these, three independent SNPs (i.e., DOCK1 rs11018104 T > A, rs35748949 C > T and PAK2 rs1718404 C > T) showed a predictive role in CMSS, with an effect-allele attributed adjusted hazards ratio [adjHR of 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-1.90, p = 7.46E-04), 1.53 (1.18-1.97, 1.18E-03) and 0.58 (0.45-0.76, 5.60E-05), respectively]. Haplotype analysis revealed that a haplotype carrying two risk alleles A-T in DOCK1 was associated with the poorest survival in both MDACC (adjHR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.19-2.50, p = 0.004) and Harvard (adjHR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.14-3.33, p = 0.010) studies. In addition, patients with an increasing number of unfavorable genotypes (NUGs) for these three SNPs had a poorer survival. Incorporating NUGs with clinical variables showed a significantly improved ability to classify CMSS (AUC increased from 86.8% to 88.6%, p = 0.031). Genetic variants in the integrin signaling pathway may independently or jointly modulate the survival of CM patients. Further large, prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110840, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Qiong Shi
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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30
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den Uil SH, Coupé VMH, Linnekamp JF, van den Broek E, Goos JACM, Delis-van Diemen PM, Belt EJT, van Grieken NCT, Scott PM, Vermeulen L, Medema JP, Bril H, Stockmann HBAC, Cormier RT, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA. Loss of KCNQ1 expression in stage II and stage III colon cancer is a strong prognostic factor for disease recurrence. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1565-1574. [PMID: 27855440 PMCID: PMC5155368 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Accurately identifying stage II CRC patients at risk for recurrence is an unmet clinical need. KCNQ1 was previously identified as a tumour suppressor gene and loss of expression was associated with poor survival in patients with CRC liver metastases. In this study the prognostic value of KCNQ1 in stage II and stage III colon cancer patients was examined. Methods: KCNQ1 mRNA expression was assessed in 90 stage II colon cancer patients (AMC-AJCCII-90) using microarray gene expression data. Subsequently, KCNQ1 protein expression was evaluated in an independent cohort of 386 stage II and stage III colon cancer patients by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays. Results: Low KCNQ1 mRNA expression in stage II microsatellite stable (MSS) colon cancers was associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.025). Loss of KCNQ1 protein expression from epithelial cells was strongly associated with poor DFS in stage II MSS (P<0.0001), stage III MSS (P=0.0001) and stage III microsatellite instable colon cancers (P=0.041). KCNQ1 seemed an independent prognostic value in addition to other high-risk parameters like angio-invasion, nodal stage and microsatellite instability-status. Conclusions: We conclude that KCNQ1 is a promising biomarker for prediction of disease recurrence and may aid stratification of patients with stage II MSS colon cancer for adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd H den Uil
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem 2035RC, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke F Linnekamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1100DD, The Netherlands
| | - Evert van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Pien M Delis-van Diemen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Th Belt
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht 3300AK, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole C T van Grieken
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, MN 55812, USA
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1100DD, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1100DD, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Bril
- Department of Pathology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem 2035RC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, MN 55812, USA
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
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31
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Gidwani K, Huhtinen K, Kekki H, van Vliet S, Hynninen J, Koivuviita N, Perheentupa A, Poutanen M, Auranen A, Grenman S, Lamminmäki U, Carpen O, van Kooyk Y, Pettersson K. A Nanoparticle-Lectin Immunoassay Improves Discrimination of Serum CA125 from Malignant and Benign Sources. Clin Chem 2016; 62:1390-400. [PMID: 27540033 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.257691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is the standard approach for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) diagnostics and follow-up. However, the clinical specificity is not optimal because increased values are also detected in healthy controls and in benign diseases. CA125 is known to be differentially glycosylated in EOC, potentially offering a way to construct CA125 assays with improved cancer specificity. Our goal was to identify carbohydrate-reactive lectins for discriminating between CA125 originating from EOC and noncancerous sources. METHODS CA125 from the OVCAR-3 cancer cell line, placental homogenate, and ascites fluid from patients with cirrhosis were captured on anti-CA125 antibody immobilized on microtitration wells. A panel of lectins, each coated onto fluorescent europium-chelate-doped 97-nm nanoparticles (Eu(+3)-NPs), was tested for detection of the immobilized CA125. Serum samples from high-grade serous EOC or patients with endometriosis and healthy controls were analyzed. RESULTS By using macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL)-coated Eu(+3)-NPs, an analytically sensitive CA125 assay (CA125(MGL)) was achieved that specifically recognized the CA125 isoform produced by EOC, whereas the recognition of CA125 from nonmalignant conditions was reduced. Serum CA125(MGL) measurement better discriminated patients with EOC from endometriosis compared to conventional immunoassay. The discrimination was particularly improved for marginally increased CA125 values and for earlier detection of EOC progression. CONCLUSIONS The new CA125(MGL) assay concept could help reduce the false-positive rates of conventional CA125 immunoassays. The improved analytical specificity of this test approach is dependent on a discriminating lectin immobilized in large numbers on Eu(+3)-NPs, providing both an avidity effect and signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Pathology, Medicity research laboratories, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna Kekki
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Niina Koivuviita
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Perheentupa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Auranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seija Grenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpen
- Department of Pathology, Medicity research laboratories, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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32
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A Bitter Sweet Symphony: Immune Responses to Altered O-glycan Epitopes in Cancer. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020026. [PMID: 27153100 PMCID: PMC4919921 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of aberrant glycans on the tumor cell surface is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer. Glycosylation is an important post-translation modification of proteins and lipids and is strongly affected by oncogenesis. Tumor-associated glycans have been extensively characterized regarding their composition and tumor-type specific expression patterns. Nevertheless whether and how tumor-associated glycans contribute to the observed immunomodulatory actions by tumors has not been extensively studied. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge on how tumor-associated O-glycans affect the anti-tumor immune response, thereby focusing on truncated O-glycans present on epithelial tumors and mucins. These tumor-associated O-glycans and mucins bind a variety of lectin receptors on immune cells to facilitate the subsequently induction of tolerogenic immune responses. We, therefore, postulate that tumor-associated glycans not only support tumor growth, but also actively contribute to immune evasion.
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33
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Syed P, Gidwani K, Kekki H, Leivo J, Pettersson K, Lamminmäki U. Role of lectin microarrays in cancer diagnosis. Proteomics 2016; 16:1257-65. [PMID: 26841254 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cell differentiation associated tumor markers reported to date are either glycoproteins or glycolipids. Despite there being a large number of glycoproteins reported as candidate markers for various cancers, only a handful are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Lectins, which bind to the glycan part of the glycoproteins, can be exploited to identify aberrant glycosylation patterns, which in turn would help in enhancing the specificity of cancer diagnosis. Although conventional techniques such as HPLC and MS have been instrumental in performing the glycomic analyses, these techniques lack multiplexity. Lectin microarrays have proved to be useful in studying multiple lectin-glycan interactions in a single experiment and, with the advances made in the field, hold a promise of enabling glycomic profiling of cancers in a fast and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Syed
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Henna Kekki
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
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34
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MGL Receptor and Immunity: When the Ligand Can Make the Difference. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:450695. [PMID: 26839900 PMCID: PMC4709716 DOI: 10.1155/2015/450695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) facilitate uptake of carbohydrate antigens for antigen presentation, modulating the immune response in infection, homeostasis, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the role of the macrophage galactose type C-type lectin (MGL) in the immune response against self-antigens, pathogens, and tumor associated antigens (TAA). MGL is a CLR exclusively expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) and activated macrophages (MØs), able to recognize terminal GalNAc residues, including the sialylated and nonsialylated Tn antigens. We discuss the effects on DC function induced throughout the engagement of MGL, highlighting the importance of the antigen structure in the modulation of immune response. Indeed modifying Tn-density, the length, and steric structure of the Tn-antigens can result in generating immunogens that can efficiently bind to MGL, strongly activate DCs, mimic the effects of a danger signal, and achieve an efficient presentation in HLA classes I and II compartments.
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