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Laurans M, Munoz F, Charles-Dominique T, Heuret P, Fortunel C, Isnard S, Sabatier SA, Caraglio Y, Violle C. Why incorporate plant architecture into trait-based ecology? Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(23)00328-2. [PMID: 38212187 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Trait-based ecology has improved our understanding of the functioning of organisms, communities, ecosystems, and beyond. However, its predictive ability remains limited as long as phenotypic integration and temporal dynamics are not considered. We highlight how the morphogenetic processes that shape the 3D development of a plant during its lifetime affect its performance. We show that the diversity of architectural traits allows us to go beyond organ-level traits in capturing the temporal and spatial dimensions of ecological niches and informing community assembly processes. Overall, we argue that consideration of multilevel topological, geometrical, and ontogenetic features provides a dynamic view of the whole-plant phenotype and a relevant framework for investigating phenotypic integration, plant adaptation and performance, and community structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Laurans
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Munoz
- LiPhy, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan Charles-Dominique
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France; CNRS UMR7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Heuret
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie-Annabel Sabatier
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Caraglio
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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2
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Nunes MH, Vaz MC, Camargo JLC, Laurance WF, de Andrade A, Vicentini A, Laurance S, Raumonen P, Jackson T, Zuquim G, Wu J, Peñuelas J, Chave J, Maeda EE. Edge effects on tree architecture exacerbate biomass loss of fragmented Amazonian forests. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8129. [PMID: 38097604 PMCID: PMC10721830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation could potentially affect tree architecture and allometry. Here, we use ground surveys of terrestrial LiDAR in Central Amazonia to explore the influence of forest edge effects on tree architecture and allometry, as well as forest biomass, 40 years after fragmentation. We find that young trees colonising the forest fragments have thicker branches and architectural traits that optimise for light capture, which result in 50% more woody volume than their counterparts of similar stem size and height in the forest interior. However, we observe a disproportionately lower height in some large trees, leading to a 30% decline in their woody volume. Despite the substantial wood production of colonising trees, the lower height of some large trees has resulted in a net loss of 6.0 Mg ha-1 of aboveground biomass - representing 2.3% of the aboveground biomass of edge forests. Our findings indicate a strong influence of edge effects on tree architecture and allometry, and uncover an overlooked factor that likely exacerbates carbon losses in fragmented forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Henrique Nunes
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Marcel Caritá Vaz
- Institute for Environmental Science and Sustainabilty, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - José Luís Campana Camargo
- Ecology Graduate Program, National Institute for Amazonian Research, (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) at National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana de Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) at National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) at National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pasi Raumonen
- Computing Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Toby Jackson
- Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Zuquim
- Amazon Research Team, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Eduardo Eiji Maeda
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FMI, Helsinki, Finland.
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Asigbaase M, Dawoe E, Abugre S, Kyereh B, Ayine Nsor C. Allometric relationships between stem diameter, height and crown area of associated trees of cocoa agroforests of Ghana. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14897. [PMID: 37689748 PMCID: PMC10492788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Allometric models which are used to describe the structure of trees in agroforestry systems are usually extrapolated from models developed for trees in forest ecosystems. This makes quantitative assessment of the functions of shade trees in agroforestry systems challenging since increased availability of light and space in these systems may induce structural differences from those growing under forest conditions. We addressed this issue by providing species-specific allometric information on the structural characteristics of associated shade trees on cocoa agroforestry systems and assessed if allometries conformed to theoretical predictions. At the plot level, stand and soil characteristics affecting tree structural characteristics were assessed. The study was conducted in cocoa agroforestry systems at Suhum, Ghana. The height-diameter at breast height (H-DBH) allometry had the best fits (R2 = 53-89%), followed by the crown area (CA)-DBH allometry (R2 = 27-87%) and then the CA-H allometry (R2 = 22-73%). In general, the scaling exponents of the CA-DBH, H-CA and H-DBH allometries conformed to the metabolic scaling theory (MST). However, both the CA-DBH and H-DBH allometries diverged from the geometric similarity model. Though forest tree species had similar crown areas as fruit trees, they were slenderer than fruit trees. Tree slenderness coefficients were positively correlated with soil P, Ca, Cu and the ratios (Ca + Mg):K, (Ca + Mg):(K + Na) and Ca:Mg, but not C:N while DBH and H were correlated with soil P and C:N ratio. Our results show that critical soil nutrients and their ratios affects shade tree structural attributes (e.g. slenderness and CA), which possibly restrict variations in species-specific allometries to a narrow range on cocoa systems. Furthermore, shade tree species richness and density are better predictors of relative canopy projection area (a proxy for shade intensity) than tree species diversity. In conclusion, the results have implications for shade tree species selection, monitoring of woody biomass and maintenance of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Asigbaase
- Department of Forest Science, School of Natural Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.
| | - Evans Dawoe
- Department of Agroforestry, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Simon Abugre
- Department of Forest Science, School of Natural Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Boateng Kyereh
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Collins Ayine Nsor
- Department of Forest Resources Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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4
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Azuma WA, Kawai K, Tanabe T, Nakahata R, Hiura T. Intraspecific variation in growth‐related traits—from leaf to whole‐tree—in three provenances of
Cryptomeria japonica
canopy trees grown in a common garden. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wakana A. Azuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kiyosada Kawai
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Japan
- Forestry Division Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) Tsukuba Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanabe
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ryo Nakahata
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsutom Hiura
- Department of Ecosystem Studies The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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Zou G, Xu K, Yang Q, Niklas KJ, Wang G. Competitive performance of Pinus massoniana is related to scaling relationships at the individual plant and branch levels. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1097-1107. [PMID: 35694727 PMCID: PMC9540003 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Competition is an important driver of tree mortality and thus affects forest structure and dynamics. Tree architectural traits, such as height-to-diameter (H-D) and branch length-to-diameter (L-d) relationships are thought to influence species competitiveness by affecting light capture. Unfortunately, little is known about how the H vs. D and L vs. d scaling exponents are related to tree performance (defined in the context of growth vigor) in competition. METHODS Using data from field surveys of 1547 individuals and destructive sampling of 51 trees with 1086 first-order branches from a high-density Pinus massoniana forest, we explored whether the H vs. D and the L vs. d scaling exponents respectively differed numerically across tree performance and branch vertical position in crowns. RESULTS The results indicated that (1) the H vs. D scaling exponent decreased as tree performance declined; (2) the L vs. d scaling exponent differed across tree performance classes (i.e., the scaling exponent of "inferior" trees was significantly larger than that of "moderate" and "superior" trees); (3) the L vs. d scaling exponent decreased as branch position approached ground level; and (4) overall, the branch scaling exponent decreased as tree performance improved in each crown layer, but decreased significantly in the intermediate layer. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the variation within (and linkage among) length-to-diameter scaling relationships across tree performance at the individual and branch levels. This linkage provides new insights into potential mechanisms of tree growth variation (and even further mortality) under competition in subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwu Zou
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310029China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Environmental & Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Qingpei Yang
- College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang330045China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology SectionCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Genxuan Wang
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310029China
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6
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Allometric differentiation of tree species from different strata in a selectively logged Atlantic Forest remnant in southern Brazil. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-021-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Meunier F, Visser MD, Shiklomanov A, Dietze MC, Guzmán Q. JA, Sanchez‐Azofeifa GA, De Deurwaerder HPT, Krishna Moorthy SM, Schnitzer SA, Marvin DC, Longo M, Liu C, Broadbent EN, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Muller‐Landau HC, Detto M, Verbeeck H. Liana optical traits increase tropical forest albedo and reduce ecosystem productivity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:227-244. [PMID: 34651375 PMCID: PMC9298317 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lianas are a key growth form in tropical forests. Their lack of self-supporting tissues and their vertical position on top of the canopy make them strong competitors of resources. A few pioneer studies have shown that liana optical traits differ on average from those of colocated trees. Those trait discrepancies were hypothesized to be responsible for the competitive advantage of lianas over trees. Yet, in the absence of reliable modelling tools, it is impossible to unravel their impact on the forest energy balance, light competition, and on the liana success in Neotropical forests. To bridge this gap, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature to gather all published liana leaf optical spectra, as well as all canopy spectra measured over different levels of liana infestation. We then used a Bayesian data assimilation framework applied to two radiative transfer models (RTMs) covering the leaf and canopy scales to derive tropical tree and liana trait distributions, which finally informed a full dynamic vegetation model. According to the RTMs inversion, lianas grew thinner, more horizontal leaves with lower pigment concentrations. Those traits made the lianas very efficient at light interception and significantly modified the forest energy balance and its carbon cycle. While forest albedo increased by 14% in the shortwave, light availability was reduced in the understorey (-30% of the PAR radiation) and soil temperature decreased by 0.5°C. Those liana-specific traits were also responsible for a significant reduction of tree (-19%) and ecosystem (-7%) gross primary productivity (GPP) while lianas benefited from them (their GPP increased by +27%). This study provides a novel mechanistic explanation to the increase in liana abundance, new evidence of the impact of lianas on forest functioning, and paves the way for the evaluation of the large-scale impacts of lianas on forest biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Meunier
- CAVElab—Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Earth and EnvironmentBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marco D. Visser
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- Institute of Environmental SciencesLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Michael C. Dietze
- Department of Earth and EnvironmentBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - J. Antonio Guzmán Q.
- Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS)Earth and Atmospheric Sciences DepartmentUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - G. Arturo Sanchez‐Azofeifa
- Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS)Earth and Atmospheric Sciences DepartmentUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaPanama
| | | | - Sruthi M. Krishna Moorthy
- CAVElab—Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Stefan A. Schnitzer
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaPanama
- Department of Biological SciencesMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Marcos Longo
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chang Liu
- CAVElab—Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Eben N. Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation (SPEC) Lab, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation (SPEC) Lab, Center for Latin American StudiesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation (SPEC) Lab, Center for Latin American StudiesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaPanama
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab—Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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8
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Petter G, Kreft H, Ong Y, Zotz G, Cabral JS. Modelling the long-term dynamics of tropical forests: From leaf traits to whole-tree growth patterns. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Castorani MCN, Harrer SL, Miller RJ, Reed DC. Disturbance structures canopy and understory productivity along an environmental gradient. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2192-2206. [PMID: 34339096 PMCID: PMC8518717 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances often disproportionately impact different vegetation layers in forests and other vertically stratified ecosystems, shaping community structure and ecosystem function. However, disturbance-driven changes may be mediated by environmental conditions that affect habitat quality and species interactions. In a decade-long field experiment, we tested how kelp forest net primary productivity (NPP) responds to repeated canopy loss along a gradient in grazing and substrate suitability. We discovered that habitat quality can mediate the effects of intensified disturbance on canopy and understory NPP. Experimental annual and quarterly disturbances suppressed total macroalgal NPP, but effects were strongest in high-quality habitats that supported dense kelp canopies that were removed by disturbance. Understory macroalgae partly compensated for canopy NPP losses and this effect magnified with increasing habitat quality. Disturbance-driven increases in understory NPP were still rising after 5-10 years of disturbance, demonstrating the value of long-term experimentation for understanding ecosystem responses to changing disturbance regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C. N. Castorani
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | | | - Robert J. Miller
- Marine Science InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Daniel C. Reed
- Marine Science InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA
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10
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Zhao M, Tian S, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zeng S, Liu S. Allometric relationships, functional differentiations, and scaling of growth rates across 151 tree species in China. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Shihong Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Suping Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan410018China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China Changsha Hunan410018China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province Huitong410015China
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11
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Liu Y, Li G, Wu X, Niklas KJ, Yang Z, Sun S. Linkage between species traits and plant phenology in an alpine meadow. Oecologia 2021; 195:409-419. [PMID: 33423112 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant phenology differs largely among coexisting species within communities that share similar habitat conditions. However, the factors explaining such phenological diversity of plants have not been fully investigated. We hypothesize that species traits, including leaf mass per area (LMA), seed mass, stem tissue mass density (STD), maximum plant height (Hmax), and relative growth rate in height (RGRH), explain variation in plant phenology, and tested this hypothesis in an alpine meadow. Results showed that both LMA and STD were positively correlated with the onset (i.e., beginning) and offset (i.e., ending) times of the four life history events including two reproductive events (flowering and fruiting) and two vegetative events (leafing and senescing). In contrast, RGRH was negatively correlated with the four life phenological events. Moreover, Hmax was positively correlated with reproductive events but not with vegetative events. However, none of the eight phenological events was associated with seed size. In addition, the combination of LMA and STD accounted for 50% of the variation in plant phenologies. Phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis showed plant phylogeny weakened the relationships between species traits vs. phenologies. Phylogeny significantly regulated the variation in the ending but not the beginning of phenologies. Our results indicate that species traits are robust indicators for plant phenologies and can be used to explain the diversity of plant phenologies among co-occurring herbaceous species in grasslands. The findings highlight the important role of the combination of and trade-offs between functional traits in determing plant phenology diversity in the alpine meadow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhan Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Guoyong Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Xinwei Wu
- Department of Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Zhongling Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Silva MDS, Funch LS, da Silva LB, Cardoso D. A phylogenetic and functional perspective on the origin and evolutionary shifts of growth ring anatomical markers in seed plants. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:842-876. [PMID: 33385187 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We reconstruct the evolutionary changes in different anatomical markers in order to understand the evolution and functional aspects of growth rings during the diversification of seed plants (spermatophytes), one of the largest and most diverse lineages of the tree of life. We carried out a wide revision of the anatomy of secondary xylem in spermatophytes and reconstructed the evolution of the different anatomical markers in a time-calibrated phylogeny. By embodying a functionally and evolutionarily significant concept in growth rings we reveal a new panorama for their frequency and show how common they are in diverse lineages of tropical plants. In this context, the principal anatomical markers of growth rings are identified in the evolutionary history of plants and their association with climate-related ecological characteristics. We discuss the function of these anatomical markers, especially for thick-walled and/or radially flattened latewood fibres, fibre zone and dilated rays. Despite the high evolutionary lability of the anatomical markers evidenced by our analyses, they appear to represent deep homologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Dos S Silva
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Identificação de Madeiras - LAVIM, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, 147, Salvador, BA, 40.170-290, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Universitária, s/n, Feira de Santana, BA, 44.031-460, Brazil
| | - Ligia S Funch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Universitária, s/n, Feira de Santana, BA, 44.031-460, Brazil
| | - Lazaro B da Silva
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e Identificação de Madeiras - LAVIM, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, 147, Salvador, BA, 40.170-290, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada à Gestão Ambiental, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, 147, Salvador, BA, 40.170-290, Brazil
| | - Domingos Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Universitária, s/n, Feira de Santana, BA, 44.031-460, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (INCT IN-TREE), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, 147, Salvador, BA, 40.170-290, Brazil
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13
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Meunier F, Verbeeck H, Cowdery B, Schnitzer SA, Smith‐Martin CM, Powers JS, Xu X, Slot M, De Deurwaerder HPT, Detto M, Bonal D, Longo M, Santiago LS, Dietze M. Unraveling the relative role of light and water competition between lianas and trees in tropical forests: A vegetation model analysis. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021; 109:519-540. [PMID: 33536686 PMCID: PMC7839527 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite their low contribution to forest carbon stocks, lianas (woody vines) play an important role in the carbon dynamics of tropical forests. As structural parasites, they hinder tree survival, growth and fecundity; hence, they negatively impact net ecosystem productivity and long-term carbon sequestration.Competition (for water and light) drives various forest processes and depends on the local abundance of resources over time. However, evaluating the relative role of resource availability on the interactions between lianas and trees from empirical observations is particularly challenging. Previous approaches have used labour-intensive and ecosystem-scale manipulation experiments, which are infeasible in most situations.We propose to circumvent this challenge by evaluating the uncertainty of water and light capture processes of a process-based vegetation model (ED2) including the liana growth form. We further developed the liana plant functional type in ED2 to mechanistically simulate water uptake and transport from roots to leaves, and start the model from prescribed initial conditions. We then used the PEcAn bioinformatics platform to constrain liana parameters and run uncertainty analyses.Baseline runs successfully reproduced ecosystem gas exchange fluxes (gross primary productivity and latent heat) and forest structural features (leaf area index, aboveground biomass) in two sites (Barro Colorado Island, Panama and Paracou, French Guiana) characterized by different rainfall regimes and levels of liana abundance.Model uncertainty analyses revealed that water limitation was the factor driving the competition between trees and lianas at the drier site (BCI), and during the relatively short dry season of the wetter site (Paracou). In young patches, light competition dominated in Paracou but alternated with water competition between the wet and the dry season on BCI according to the model simulations.The modelling workflow also identified key liana traits (photosynthetic quantum efficiency, stomatal regulation parameters, allometric relationships) and processes (water use, respiration, climbing) driving the model uncertainty. They should be considered as priorities for future data acquisition and model development to improve predictions of the carbon dynamics of liana-infested forests. Synthesis. Competition for water plays a larger role in the interaction between lianas and trees than previously hypothesized, as demonstrated by simulations from a process-based vegetation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Meunier
- Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Earth and EnvironmentBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Betsy Cowdery
- Department of Earth and EnvironmentBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Stefan A. Schnitzer
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanama
- Department of Biological SciencesMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Chris M. Smith‐Martin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Evolutionary BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanama
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Xiangtao Xu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanama
| | - Hannes P. T. De Deurwaerder
- Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Matteo Detto
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Damien Bonal
- Université de LorraineAgroParisTechINRAEUMR SilvaNancyFrance
| | - Marcos Longo
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Louis S. Santiago
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanama
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Michael Dietze
- Department of Earth and EnvironmentBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
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14
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Maicher V, Delabye S, Murkwe M, Doležal J, Altman J, Kobe IN, Desmist J, Fokam EB, Pyrcz T, Tropek R. Effects of disturbances by forest elephants on diversity of trees and insects in tropical rainforests on Mount Cameroon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21618. [PMID: 33303812 PMCID: PMC7729851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural disturbances are essential for tropical forests biodiversity. In the Afrotropics, megaherbivores have played a key role before their recent decline. Contrastingly to savanna elephants, forest elephants’ impact on ecosystems remains poorly studied. Few decades ago, forests on Mount Cameroon were divided by lava flows, not being crossed by a local population of forest elephants until now. We assessed communities of trees, butterflies and two guilds of moths in the disturbed and undisturbed forests split by the longest lava flow. We surveyed 32 plots, recording 2025 trees of 97 species, and 7853 insects of 437 species. The disturbed forests differed in reduced tree density, height, and high canopy cover, and in increased DBH. Forest elephants’ selective browsing and foraging also decreased tree species richness and altered their composition. The elephant disturbance increased butterfly species richness and had various effects on species richness and composition of the insect groups. These changes were likely caused by disturbance-driven alterations of habitats and species composition of trees. Moreover, the abandonment of forests by elephants led to local declines of range-restricted butterflies. The recent declines of forest elephants across the Afrotropics probably caused similar changes in forest biodiversity and should be reflected by conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Maicher
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. .,Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr., Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Sylvain Delabye
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mercy Murkwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 37982, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 37982, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Ishmeal N Kobe
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Desmist
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,University Paris-Saclay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Eric B Fokam
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Tomasz Pyrcz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30387, Krakow, Poland.,Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Tropek
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. .,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Martin‐Ducup O, Ploton P, Barbier N, Momo Takoudjou S, Mofack G, Kamdem NG, Fourcaud T, Sonké B, Couteron P, Pélissier R. Terrestrial laser scanning reveals convergence of tree architecture with increasingly dominant crown canopy position. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Ploton
- AMAP, IRDCNRSCIRADINRAUniversity of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Nicolas Barbier
- AMAP, IRDCNRSCIRADINRAUniversity of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Stéphane Momo Takoudjou
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory Higher Teacher's Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Gislain Mofack
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory Higher Teacher's Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Narcisse Guy Kamdem
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory Higher Teacher's Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Thierry Fourcaud
- AMAP, IRDCNRSCIRADINRAUniversity of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory Higher Teacher's Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Pierre Couteron
- AMAP, IRDCNRSCIRADINRAUniversity of Montpellier Montpellier France
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16
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Ferraz A, Saatchi SS, Longo M, Clark DB. Tropical tree size-frequency distributions from airborne lidar. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02154. [PMID: 32347996 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In tropical rainforests, tree size and number density are influenced by disturbance history, soil, topography, climate, and biological factors that are difficult to predict without detailed and widespread forest inventory data. Here, we quantify tree size-frequency distributions over an old-growth wet tropical forest at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica by using an individual tree crown (ITC) algorithm on airborne lidar measurements. The ITC provided tree height, crown area, the number of trees >10 m height and, predicted tree diameter, and aboveground biomass from field allometry. The number density showed strong agreement with field observations at the plot- (97.4%; 3% bias) and tree-height-classes level (97.4%; 3% bias). The lidar trees size spectra of tree diameter and height closely follow the distributions measured on the ground but showed less agreement with crown area observations. The model to convert lidar-derived tree height and crown area to tree diameter produced unbiased (0.8%) estimates of plot-level basal area and with low uncertainty (6%). Predictions on basal area for tree height classes were also unbiased (1.3%) but with larger uncertainties (22%). The biomass estimates had no significant bias at the plot- and tree-height-classes level (-5.2% and 2.1%). Our ITC method provides a powerful tool for tree- to landscape-level tropical forest inventory and biomass estimation by overcoming the limitations of lidar area-based approaches that require local calibration using a large number of inventory plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Ferraz
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91109, USA
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA
| | - Sassan S Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91109, USA
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA
| | - Marcos Longo
- NASA Postdoctoral fellow, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91109, USA
| | - David B Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
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17
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Blonder B, Escobar S, Kapás RE, Michaletz ST. Low predictability of energy balance traits and leaf temperature metrics in desert, montane and alpine plant communities. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Blonder
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO USA
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | | | - Rozália E. Kapás
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO USA
- Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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18
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Madrigal‐González J, Ballesteros‐Cánovas JA, Zavala MA, Morales‐Molino C, Stoffel M. Forest stocks control long‐term climatic mortality risks in Scots pine dry‐edge forests. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Madrigal‐González
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C‐CIA) Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE) University of Geneva Boulevard Carl Vogt 66 Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Juan A. Ballesteros‐Cánovas
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C‐CIA) Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE) University of Geneva Boulevard Carl Vogt 66 Geneva1205Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva rue des Maraîchers 13 GenevaCH‐1205Switzerland
| | - Miguel A. Zavala
- Ecología Forestal y Restauración Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá, ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona km 33.4 Alcalá de Henares28005Spain
| | - César Morales‐Molino
- Paleoecology Section Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern Altenbergrain 21 Bern3013Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C‐CIA) Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE) University of Geneva Boulevard Carl Vogt 66 Geneva1205Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva rue des Maraîchers 13 GenevaCH‐1205Switzerland
- Department F.‐A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences University of Geneva Boulevard Carl Vogt 66 Geneva1205Switzerland
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19
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Zhu L, Hu Y, Zhao P. Interspecific variations in tree allometry and functional traits in subtropical plantations in southern China. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:558-564. [PMID: 32345434 DOI: 10.1071/fp19325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stability against buckling and water transport resistance through xylem vary with increasing tree height. To explore interspecific allometry based on morphological and physiological traits can play a crucial role in revealing their ecological adaptation. Four architectural traits (tree height, diameter at the breast height (DBH), crown width and crown depth) and seven functional traits (specific leaf area (SLA), leaf total carbon concentration (TC), midday leaf water potential, leaf δ13C and δ18O, wood density and xylem water transport efficiency) were measured in Schima superba, Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus citriodora plantations in the subtropical region of China. The mechanical stability declined in the order of S. superba > A. auriculiformis > E. citriodora. Taller species at a given DBH had slender stems and narrower crowns. Smaller leaf δ18O and more efficient xylem water transport were observed in two taller tree species, A. auriculiformis and E. citriodora. Smaller SLA, higher leaf TC and larger leaf area indicated more carbon allocation to leaves of S. superba. The variations in architectural and functional traits with tree allometry among tree species may provide a more complete understanding of species-specific growth strategies in this subtropical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Corresponding author.
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20
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The Effect of Tree Crown Allometry on Community Dynamics in Mixed-Species Stands versus Monocultures. A Review and Perspectives for Modeling and Silvicultural Regulation. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many recent studies have shown that the structure, density, and productivity of mixed-species stands can differ from the weighted mean of monospecific stands of the respective species. The tree and stand properties emerging by inter-specific neighborhood should be considered in models for understanding and practical management. A promising approach for this is a more realistic representation of the individual tree allometry in models and management concepts, as tree allometry determines many structural and functional aspects at the tree and stand level. Therefore, this paper is focused on the crown allometry in mixed and mono-specific stands. Firstly, we review species-specific differences in the crown allometry in monospecific stands. Secondly, we show how species-specific differences and complementarities in crown allometry can emerge in mixed-species stands. Thirdly, the consequences of allometric complementarity for the canopy packing density will be analyzed. Fourthly, we trace the crown allometry from the tree level to the stand density and show the relevance for the self-thinning in mixed versus monospecific stands. Fifth, the consequence of the findings for modeling and regulating tree and stand growth will be discussed. The review deals mainly with widespread even-aged, mono-layered stands, but the main results apply for more heterogeneous stands analogously.
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21
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de Almeida C, Viani RAG. Selection of shade trees in forest restoration plantings should not be based on crown tree architecture alone. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Crislaine de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Anhanguera; Km 174, Araras, São Paulo, 13604-900 Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. G. Viani
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Rodovia Anhanguera; Km 174, Araras, São Paulo, 13604-900 Brazil
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22
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Souza AF, Longhi SJ. Disturbance history mediates climate change effects on subtropical forest biomass and dynamics. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7184-7199. [PMID: 31380042 PMCID: PMC6662394 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The responses of forest communities to interacting anthropogenic disturbances like climate change and logging are poorly known. Subtropical forests have been heavily modified by humans and their response to climate change is poorly understood. We investigated the 9-year change observed in a mixed conifer-hardwood Atlantic forest mosaic that included both mature and selectively logged forest patches in subtropical South America. We used demographic monitoring data within 10 1 ha plots that were subjected to distinct management histories (plots logged until 1955, until 1987, and unlogged) to test the hypothesis that climate change affected forest structure and dynamics differentially depending on past disturbances. We determined the functional group of all species based on life-history affinities as well as many functional traits like leaf size, specific leaf area, wood density, total height, stem slenderness, and seed size data for the 66 most abundant species. Analysis of climate data revealed that minimum temperatures and rainfall have been increasing in the last few decades of the 20th century. Floristic composition differed mainly with logging history categories, with only minor change over the nine annual census intervals. Aboveground biomass increased in all plots, but increases were higher in mature unlogged forests, which showed signs of forest growth associated with increased CO2, temperature, and rainfall/treefall gap disturbance at the same time. Logged forests showed arrested succession as indicated by reduced abundances of Pioneers and biomass-accumulators like Large Seeded Pioneers and Araucaria, as well as reduced functional diversity. Management actions aimed at creating regeneration opportunities for long-lived pioneers are needed to restore community functional diversity, and ecosystem services such as increased aboveground biomass accumulation. We conclude that the effects of climate drivers on the dynamics of Brazilian mixed Atlantic forests vary with land-use legacies, and can differ importantly from the ones prevalent in better known tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre F. Souza
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, CBUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatalBrazil
| | - Solon Jonas Longhi
- PPG Engenharia Florestal, Depto. Ciências FlorestaisUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
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23
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Du Q, Yang X, Xie J, Quan M, Xiao L, Lu W, Tian J, Gong C, Chen J, Li B, Zhang D. Time-specific and pleiotropic quantitative trait loci coordinately modulate stem growth in Populus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:608-624. [PMID: 30133117 PMCID: PMC6381792 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In perennial woody plants, the coordinated increase of stem height and diameter during juvenile growth improves competitiveness (i.e. access to light); however, the factors underlying variation in stem growth remain unknown in trees. Here, we used linkage-linkage disequilibrium (linkage-LD) mapping to decipher the genetic architecture underlying three growth traits during juvenile stem growth. We used two Populus populations: a linkage mapping population comprising a full-sib family of 1,200 progeny and an association mapping panel comprising 435 unrelated individuals from nearly the entire natural range of Populus tomentosa. We mapped 311 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for three growth traits at 12 timepoints to 42 regions in 17 linkage groups. Of these, 28 regions encompassing 233 QTL were annotated as 27 segmental homology regions (SHRs). Using SNPs identified by whole-genome re-sequencing of the 435-member association mapping panel, we identified significant SNPs (P ≤ 9.4 × 10-7 ) within 27 SHRs that affect stem growth at nine timepoints with diverse additive and dominance patterns, and these SNPs exhibited complex allelic epistasis over the juvenile growth period. Nineteen genes linked to potential causative alleles that have time-specific or pleiotropic effects, and mostly overlapped with significant signatures of selection within SHRs between climatic regions represented by the association mapping panel. Five genes with potential time-specific effects showed species-specific temporal expression profiles during the juvenile stages of stem growth in five representative Populus species. Our observations revealed the importance of considering temporal genetic basis of complex traits, which will facilitate the molecular design of tree ideotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianbo Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingyang Quan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liang Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenjie Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chenrui Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bailian Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of ForestryNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMinistry of EducationCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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24
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Integration of Landsat-8 Thermal and Visible-Short Wave Infrared Data for Improving Prediction Accuracy of Forest Leaf Area Index. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leaf area index (LAI) has been investigated in multiple studies, either by means of visible/near-infrared and shortwave-infrared or thermal infrared remotely sensed data, with various degrees of accuracy. However, it is not yet known how the integration of visible/near and shortwave-infrared and thermal infrared data affect estimates of LAI. In this study, we examined the utility of Landsat-8 thermal infrared data together with its spectral data from the visible/near and shortwave-infrared region to quantify the LAI of a mixed temperate forest in Germany. A field campaign was carried out in August 2015, in the Bavarian Forest National Park, concurrent with the time of the Landsat-8 overpass, and a number of forest structural parameters, including LAI and proportion of vegetation cover, were measured for 37 plots. A normalised difference vegetation index threshold method was applied to calculate land surface emissivity and land surface temperature and their relations to LAI were investigated. Next, the relation between LAI and eight commonly used vegetation indices were examined using the visible/near-infrared and shortwave-infrared remote sensing data. Finally, the artificial neural network was used to predict the LAI using: (i) reflectance data from the Landsat-8 operational land imager (OLI) sensor; (ii) reflectance data from the OLI sensor and the land surface emissivity; and (iii) reflectance data from the OLI sensor and land surface temperature. A stronger relationship was observed between LAI and land surface emissivity compared to that between LAI and land surface temperature. In general, LAI was predicted with relatively low accuracy by means of the vegetation indices. Among the studied vegetation indices, the modified vegetation index had the highest accuracy for LAI prediction (R2CV = 0.33, RMSECV = 1.21 m2m−2). Nevertheless, using the visible/near-infrared and shortwave-infrared spectral data in the artificial neural network, the prediction accuracy of LAI increased (R2CV = 0.58, RMSECV = 0.83 m2m−2). The integration of reflectance and land surface emissivity significantly improved the prediction accuracy of the LAI (R2CV = 0.81, RMSECV = 0.63 m2m−2). For the first time, our results demonstrate that the combination of Landsat-8 reflectance spectral data from the visible/near-infrared and shortwave-infrared domain and thermal infrared data can boost the estimation accuracy of the LAI in a forest ecosystem. This finding has implication for the prediction of other vegetation biophysical, or possibly biochemical variables using thermal infrared satellite remote sensing data, as well as regional mapping of LAI when coupled with a canopy radiative transfer model.
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Levis C, Flores BM, Moreira PA, Luize BG, Alves RP, Franco-Moraes J, Lins J, Konings E, Peña-Claros M, Bongers F, Costa FRC, Clement CR. How People Domesticated Amazonian Forests. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Chomicki G, Coiro M, Renner SS. Evolution and ecology of plant architecture: integrating insights from the fossil record, extant morphology, developmental genetics and phylogenies. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:855-891. [PMID: 29165551 PMCID: PMC5710528 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to most animals, plants have an indeterminate body plan, which allows them to add new body parts during their lifetime. A plant's realized modular construction is the result of exogenous constraints and endogenous processes. This review focuses on endogenous processes that shape plant architectures and their evolution. SCOPE The phylogenetic distribution of plant growth forms across the phylogeny implies that body architectures have originated and been lost repeatedly, being shaped by a limited set of genetic pathways. We (1) synthesize concepts of plant architecture, so far captured in 23 models; (2) extend them to the fossil record; (3) summarize what is known about their developmental genetics; (4) use a phylogenetic approach in several groups to infer how plant architecture has changed and by which intermediate steps; and (5) discuss which macroecological factors may constrain the geographic and ecological distribution of plant architectures. CONCLUSIONS Dichotomously branching Paleozoic plants already encompassed a considerable diversity of growth forms, here captured in 12 new architectural models. Plotting the frequency of branching types through time based on an analysis of 58 927 land plant fossils revealed a decrease in dichotomous branching throughout the Devonian and Carboniferous, mirrored by an increase in other branching types including axillary branching. We suggest that the evolution of seed plant megaphyllous leaves enabling axillary branching contributed to the demise of dichotomous architectures. The developmental-genetic bases for key architectural traits underlying sympodial vs. monopodial branching, rhythmic vs. continuous growth, and axillary branching and its localization are becoming well understood, while the molecular basis of dichotomous branching and plagiotropy remains elusive. Three phylogenetic case studies of architecture evolution in conifers, Aloe and monocaulous arborescent vascular plants reveal relationships between architectural models and show that some are labile in given groups, whereas others are widely conserved, apparently shaped by ecological factors, such as intercepted sunlight, temperature, humidity and seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chomicki
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Mario Coiro
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Cosme LHM, Schietti J, Costa FRC, Oliveira RS. The importance of hydraulic architecture to the distribution patterns of trees in a central Amazonian forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:113-125. [PMID: 28369998 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Species distributions and assemblage composition may be the result of trait selection through environmental filters. Here, we ask whether filtering of species at the local scale could be attributed to their hydraulic architectural traits, revealing the basis of hydrological microhabitat partitioning in a Central Amazonian forest. We analyzed the hydraulic characteristics at tissue (anatomical traits, wood specific gravity (WSG)), organ (leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area : sapwood area ratio) and whole-plant (height) levels for 28 pairs of congeneric species from 14 genera restricted to either valleys or plateaus of a terra-firme forest in Central Amazonia. On plateaus, species had higher WSG, but lower mean vessel area, mean vessel hydraulic diameter, sapwood area and SLA than in valleys; traits commonly associated with hydraulic safety. Mean vessel hydraulic diameter and mean vessel area increased with height for both habitats, but leaf area and leaf area : sapwood area ratio investments with tree height declined in valley vs plateau species. [Correction added after online publication 29 March 2017: the preceding sentence has been reworded.] Two strategies for either efficiency or safety were detected, based on vessel size or allocation to sapwood. In conclusion, contrasting hydrological conditions act as environmental filters, generating differences in species composition at the local scale. This has important implications for the prediction of species distributions under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza H M Cosme
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. Ephigênio Sales 2239, 69060-20, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. Ephigênio Sales 2239, 69060-20, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. Ephigênio Sales 2239, 69060-20, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Flávia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. Ephigênio Sales 2239, 69060-20, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
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Kearsley E, Verbeeck H, Hufkens K, Van de Perre F, Doetterl S, Baert G, Beeckman H, Boeckx P, Huygens D. Functional community structure of African monodominant Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest influenced by local environmental filtering. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:295-304. [PMID: 28070293 PMCID: PMC5216677 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Monodominant patches of forest dominated by Gilbertiodendron dewevrei are commonly found in central African tropical forests, alongside forests with high species diversity. Although these forests are generally found sparsely distributed along rivers, their occurrence is not thought to be (clearly) driven by edaphic conditions but rather by trait combinations of G. dewevrei that aid in achieving monodominance. Functional community structure between these monodominant and mixed forests has, however, not yet been compared. Additionally, little is known about nondominant species in the monodominant forest community. These two topics are addressed in this study. We investigate the functional community structure of 10 one-hectare plots of monodominant and mixed forests in a central region of the Congo basin, in DR Congo. Thirteen leaf and wood traits are measured, covering 95% (basal area weighted) of all species present in the plots, including leaf nutrient contents, leaf isotopic compositions, specific leaf area, wood density, and vessel anatomy. The trait-based assessment of G. dewevrei shows an ensemble of traits related to water use and transport that could be favorable for its location near forest rivers. Moreover, indications have been found for N and P limitations in the monodominant forest, possibly related to ectomycorrhizal associations formed with G. dewevrei. Reduced leaf N and P contents are found at the community level for the monodominant forest and for different nondominant groups, as compared to those in the mixed forest. In summary, this work shows that environmental filtering does prevail in the monodominant G. dewevrei forest, leading to lower functional diversity in this forest type, with the dominant species showing beneficial traits related to its common riverine locations and with reduced soil N and P availability found in this environment, both coregulating the tree community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kearsley
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental BiologyComputational and Applied Vegetation Ecology – CAVElabGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical ChemistryIsotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental BiologyComputational and Applied Vegetation Ecology – CAVElabGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Koen Hufkens
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical ChemistryIsotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Institute of GeographyAugsburg UniversityAugsburgGermany
| | - Geert Baert
- Department of Applied BiosciencesGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical ChemistryIsotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Dries Huygens
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical ChemistryIsotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología VegetalUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba & CONICETCordobaArgentina
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Jiang L, Ye M, Zhu S, Zhai Y, Xu M, Huang M, Wu R. Computational identification of genes modulating stem height-diameter allometry. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2254-2264. [PMID: 27155207 PMCID: PMC5103235 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The developmental variation in stem height with respect to stem diameter is related to a broad range of ecological and evolutionary phenomena in trees, but the underlying genetic basis of this variation remains elusive. We implement a dynamic statistical model, functional mapping, to formulate a general procedure for the computational identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control stem height-diameter allometry during development. Functional mapping integrates the biological principles underlying trait formation and development into the association analysis of DNA genotype and endpoint phenotype, thus providing an incentive for understanding the mechanistic interplay between genes and development. Built on the basic tenet of functional mapping, we explore two core ecological scenarios of how stem height and stem diameter covary in response to environmental stimuli: (i) trees pioneer sunlit space by allocating more growth to stem height than diameter and (ii) trees maintain their competitive advantage through an inverse pattern. The model is equipped to characterize 'pioneering' QTLs (piQTLs) and 'maintaining' QTLs (miQTLs) which modulate these two ecological scenarios, respectively. In a practical application to a mapping population of full-sib hybrids derived from two Populus species, the model has well proven its versatility by identifying several piQTLs that promote height growth at a cost of diameter growth and several miQTLs that benefit radial growth at a cost of height growth. Judicious application of functional mapping may lead to improved strategies for studying the genetic control of the formation mechanisms underlying trade-offs among quantities of assimilates allocated to different growth parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jiang
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meixia Ye
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yi Zhai
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meng Xu
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Minren Huang
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Statistical GeneticsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPAUSA
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Hu X, Zhang W, Zhou J. Plastic Responses in Tree Architecture to Different Light Intensity Habitats: A Case of Chinese Cork Oak. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2016.64.4.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Tripler CE, Canham CD, Inouye RS, Schnurr JL. Competitive hierarchies of temperate tree species: Interactions between resource availability and white-tailed deer. ECOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.2980/i1195-6860-12-4-494.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Chi X, Tang Z, Xie Z, Guo Q, Zhang M, Ge J, Xiong G, Fang J. Effects of size, neighbors, and site condition on tree growth in a subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, China. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5149-5161. [PMID: 30151120 PMCID: PMC6102529 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful growth of a tree is the result of combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors. It is important to understand how biotic and abiotic factors affect changes in forest structure and dynamics under environmental fluctuations. In this study, we explored the effects of initial size [diameter at breast height (DBH)], neighborhood competition, and site condition on tree growth, based on a 3-year monitoring of tree growth rate in a permanent plot (120 × 80 m) of montane Fagus engleriana-Cyclobalanopsis multiervis mixed forest on Mt. Shennongjia, China. We measured DBH increments every 6 months from October 2011 to October 2014 by field-made dendrometers and calculated the mean annual growth rate over the 3 years for each individual tree. We also measured and calculated twelve soil properties and five topographic variables for 384 grids of 5 × 5 m. We defined two distance-dependent neighborhood competition indices with and without considerations of phylogenetic relatedness between trees and tested for significant differences in growth rates among functional groups. On average, trees in this mixed montane forest grew 0.07 cm year-1 in DBH. Deciduous, canopy, and early-successional species grew faster than evergreen, small-statured, and late-successional species, respectively. Growth rates increased with initial DBH, but were not significantly related to neighborhood competition and site condition for overall trees. Phylogenetic relatedness between trees did not influence the neighborhood competition. Different factors were found to influence tree growth rates of different functional groups: Initial DBH was the dominant factor for all tree groups; neighborhood competition within 5 m radius decreased growth rates of evergreen trees; and site condition tended to be more related to growth rates of fast-growing trees (deciduous, canopy, pioneer, and early-successional species) than the slow-growing trees (evergreen, understory, and late-successional species).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulian Chi
- Department of EcologyCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Department of EcologyCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 20 Nanxincun, XiangshanBeijing100093China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of EcologyCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Mi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 20 Nanxincun, XiangshanBeijing100093China
| | - Jielin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 20 Nanxincun, XiangshanBeijing100093China
| | - Gaoming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 20 Nanxincun, XiangshanBeijing100093China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Department of EcologyCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
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33
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Sendall KM, Lusk CH, Reich PB. Becoming less tolerant with age: sugar maple, shade, and ontogeny. Oecologia 2015; 179:1011-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Belay TA, Moe SR. Assessing the effects of woody plant traits on understory herbaceous cover in a semiarid rangeland. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 56:165-175. [PMID: 25860596 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ecological impact of woody plant encroachment in rangeland ecosystems has traditionally been evaluated based on correlation studies between densities of dissimilar woody plants and various ecosystem properties. However, ecosystem properties respond differently to woody plant encroachment because of variations in adaptation of co-occurring woody plants. The objective of this study is to predict the impact of woody plant encroachment on understory herbaceous cover based on analysis of key traits of woody plants. We conducted a vegetation survey in 4 savanna sites in southwestern Ethiopia and compared 9 different key traits of 19 co-occurring woody plants with understory herbaceous cover. Our results show that low understory herbaceous cover is associated with evergreen leaf phenology, shrubby growth form, smaller relative crown-base height and larger relative crown diameter. However, the N2-fixing ability and density of woody plants did not influence the understory herbaceous cover. This shows that traits of individual woody plants can predict the impact of woody plant encroachment on understory herbaceous cover better than density does. The finding improves our ability to accurately predict the impact of woody plant encroachment on various ecosystem properties in highly diverse savanna systems. This plant trait-based approach could be also used as an important management exercise to assess and predict the impact of encroaching woody species in several rangeland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamrat A Belay
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway,
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Stark SC, Enquist BJ, Saleska SR, Leitold V, Schietti J, Longo M, Alves LF, Camargo PB, Oliveira RC. Linking canopy leaf area and light environments with tree size distributions to explain Amazon forest demography. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:636-45. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Stark
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Forestry; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- The Santa Fe Institute; 1399 Hyde Park Road Santa Fe NM 87501 USA
| | - Scott R. Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Veronika Leitold
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE); São José dos Campos São Paulo 12201-970 Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA); Manaus Amazonas 69011-970 Brazil
| | - Marcos Longo
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Luciana F. Alves
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais; Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), CP 28; Campinas São Paulo 13012-970 Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109; Campinas São Paulo 13093-970 Brazil
| | - Plinio B. Camargo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica; Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA); Universidade de São Paulo; Piracicaba São Paulo 13400-970 Brazil
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36
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Tan PY, Ismail MRB. The effects of urban forms on photosynthetically active radiation and urban greenery in a compact city. Urban Ecosyst 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-015-0461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Le Bec J, Courbaud B, Le Moguédec G, Pélissier R. Characterizing tropical tree species growth strategies: learning from inter-individual variability and scale invariance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117028. [PMID: 25756212 PMCID: PMC4355905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how tropical tree species differ in their growth strategies is critical to predict forest dynamics and assess species coexistence. Although tree growth is highly variable in tropical forests, species maximum growth is often considered as a major axis synthesizing species strategies, with fast-growing pioneer and slow-growing shade tolerant species as emblematic representatives. We used a hierarchical linear mixed model and 21-years long tree diameter increment series in a monsoon forest of the Western Ghats, India, to characterize species growth strategies and question whether maximum growth summarizes these strategies. We quantified both species responses to biotic and abiotic factors and individual tree effects unexplained by these factors. Growth responses to competition and tree size appeared highly variable among species which led to reversals in performance ranking along those two gradients. However, species-specific responses largely overlapped due to large unexplained variability resulting mostly from inter-individual growth differences consistent over time. On average one-third of the variability captured by our model was explained by covariates. This emphasizes the high dimensionality of the tree growth process, i.e. the fact that trees differ in many dimensions (genetics, life history) influencing their growth response to environmental gradients, some being unmeasured or unmeasurable. In addition, intraspecific variability increased as a power function of species maximum growth partly as a result of higher absolute responses of fast-growing species to competition and tree size. However, covariates explained on average the same proportion of intraspecific variability for slow- and fast-growing species, which showed the same range of relative responses to competition and tree size. These results reflect a scale invariance of the growth process, underlining that slow- and fast-growing species exhibit the same range of growth strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Le Bec
- IRD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France; AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Raphaël Pélissier
- IRD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France; French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
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Taugourdeau O, Caraglio Y, Sabatier S, Guédon Y. Characterizing the respective importance of ontogeny and environmental constraints in forest tree development using growth phase duration distributions. Ecol Modell 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hulshof CM, Swenson NG, Weiser MD. Tree height-diameter allometry across the United States. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1193-204. [PMID: 25859325 PMCID: PMC4377263 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between tree height and diameter is fundamental in determining community and ecosystem structure as well as estimates of biomass and carbon storage. Yet our understanding of how tree allometry relates to climate and whole organismal function is limited. We used the Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program database to determine height–diameter allometries of 2,976,937 individuals of 293 tree species across the United States. The shape of the allometric relationship was determined by comparing linear and nonlinear functional forms. Mixed-effects models were used to test for allometric differences due to climate and floristic (between angiosperms and gymnosperms) and functional groups (leaf habit and shade tolerance). Tree allometry significantly differed across the United States largely because of climate. Temperature, and to some extent precipitation, in part explained tree allometric variation. The magnitude of allometric variation due to climate, however, had a phylogenetic signal. Specifically, angiosperm allometry was more sensitive to differences in temperature compared to gymnosperms. Most notably, angiosperm height was more negatively influenced by increasing temperature variability, whereas gymnosperm height was negatively influenced by decreasing precipitation and increasing altitude. There was little evidence to suggest that shade tolerance influenced tree allometry except for very shade-intolerant trees which were taller for any given diameter. Tree allometry is plastic rather than fixed and scaling parameters vary around predicted central tendencies. This allometric variation provides insight into life-history strategies, phylogenetic history, and environmental limitations at biogeographical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Hulshof
- Departamento de Biología, Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, Universidad de Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 00681
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
| | - Michael D Weiser
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma, 73069
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Charles-Dominique T, Edelin C, Bouchard A, Legendre P, Brisson J. Using intra-individual variation in shrub architecture to explain population cover. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Charles-Dominique
- Univ. Montpellier 2, UMR AMAP; Montpellier FR-34000 France
- CNRS, UMR AMAP; Montpellier FR-34000 France
| | - Claude Edelin
- Univ. Montpellier 2, UMR AMAP; Montpellier FR-34000 France
- CNRS, UMR AMAP; Montpellier FR-34000 France
| | - André Bouchard
- Inst. de Recherche en Biologie Végétale; 4101 est rue Sherbrooke, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2 Canada
- Dépt de Sciences Biologiques; Univ. de Montréal; C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Pierre Legendre
- Inst. de Recherche en Biologie Végétale; 4101 est rue Sherbrooke, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2 Canada
| | - Jacques Brisson
- Inst. de Recherche en Biologie Végétale; 4101 est rue Sherbrooke, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2 Canada
- Dépt de Sciences Biologiques; Univ. de Montréal; C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
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Linking Populus euphratica hydraulic redistribution to diversity assembly in the arid desert zone of Xinjiang, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109071. [PMID: 25275494 PMCID: PMC4183514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydraulic redistribution (HR) of deep-rooted plants significantly improves the survival of shallow-rooted shrubs and herbs in arid deserts, which subsequently maintain species diversity. This study was conducted in the Ebinur desert located in the western margin of the Gurbantonggut Desert. Isotope tracing, community investigation and comparison analysis were employed to validate the HR of Populus euphratica and to explore its effects on species richness and abundance. The results showed that, P. euphratica has HR. Shrubs and herbs that grew under the P. euphratica canopy (under community: UC) showed better growth than the ones growing outside (Outside community: OC), exhibiting significantly higher species richness and abundance in UC than OC (p<0.05) along the plant growing season. Species richness and abundance were significantly logarithmically correlated with the P. euphratica crown area in UC (R2 = 0.51 and 0.84, p<0.001). In conclusion, P. euphratica HR significantly ameliorates the water conditions of the shallow soil, which then influences the diversity assembly in arid desert communities.
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Goodman RC, Phillips OL, Baker TR. The importance of crown dimensions to improve tropical tree biomass estimates. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 24:680-698. [PMID: 24988768 DOI: 10.1890/13-0070.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests play a vital role in the global carbon cycle, but the amount of carbon they contain and its spatial distribution remain uncertain. Recent studies suggest that once tree height is accounted for in biomass calculations, in addition to diameter and wood density, carbon stock estimates are reduced in many areas. However, it is possible that larger crown sizes might offset the reduction in biomass estimates in some forests where tree heights are lower because even comparatively short trees develop large, well-lit crowns in or above the forest canopy. While current allometric models and theory focus on diameter, wood density, and height, the influence of crown size and structure has not been well studied. To test the extent to which accounting for crown parameters can improve biomass estimates, we harvested and weighed 51 trees (11-169 cm diameter) in southwestern Amazonia where no direct biomass measurements have been made. The trees in our study had nearly half of total aboveground biomass in the branches (44% +/- 2% [mean +/- SE]), demonstrating the importance of accounting for tree crowns. Consistent with our predictions, key pantropical equations that include height, but do not account for crown dimensions, underestimated the sum total biomass of all 51 trees by 11% to 14%, primarily due to substantial underestimates of many of the largest trees. In our models, including crown radius greatly improves performance and reduces error, especially for the largest trees. In addition, over the full data set, crown radius explained more variation in aboveground biomass (10.5%) than height (6.0%). Crown form is also important: Trees with a monopodial architectural type are estimated to have 21-44% less mass than trees with other growth patterns. Our analysis suggests that accounting for crown allometry would substantially improve the accuracy of tropical estimates of tree biomass and its distribution in primary and degraded forests.
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Aubry-Kientz M, Hérault B, Ayotte-Trépanier C, Baraloto C, Rossi V. Toward trait-based mortality models for tropical forests. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63678. [PMID: 23675500 PMCID: PMC3652824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree mortality in tropical forests is a complex ecological process for which modelling approaches need to be improved to better understand, and then predict, the evolution of tree mortality in response to global change. The mortality model introduced here computes an individual probability of dying for each tree in a community. The mortality model uses the ontogenetic stage of the tree because youngest and oldest trees are more likely to die. Functional traits are integrated as proxies of the ecological strategies of the trees to permit generalization among all species in the community. Data used to parametrize the model were collected at Paracou study site, a tropical rain forest in French Guiana, where 20,408 trees have been censused for 18 years. A Bayesian framework was used to select useful covariates and to estimate the model parameters. This framework was developed to deal with sources of uncertainty, including the complexity of the mortality process itself and the field data, especially historical data for which taxonomic determinations were uncertain. Uncertainty about the functional traits was also considered, to maximize the information they contain. Four functional traits were strong predictors of tree mortality: wood density, maximum height, laminar toughness and stem and branch orientation, which together distinguished the light-demanding, fast-growing trees from slow-growing trees with lower mortality rates. Our modelling approach formalizes a complex ecological problem and offers a relevant mathematical framework for tropical ecologists to process similar uncertain data at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélaine Aubry-Kientz
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', Kourou, France.
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Rüger N, Condit R. Testing metabolic theory with models of tree growth that include light competition. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Joly CA, Assis MA, Bernacci LC, Tamashiro JY, Campos MCRD, Gomes JAMA, Lacerda MS, Santos FAMD, Pedroni F, Pereira LDS, Padgurschi MDCG, Prata EMB, Ramos E, Torres RB, Rochelle A, Martins FR, Alves LF, Vieira SA, Martinelli LA, Camargo PBD, Aidar MPM, Eisenlohr PV, Simões E, Villani JP, Belinello R. Florística e fitossociologia em parcelas permanentes da Mata Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032012000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este trabalho resume os dados de florística e fitossociologia de 11, das 14 parcelas de 1 ha, alocadas ao longo do gradiente altitudinal da Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brasil. As parcelas começam na cota 10 m (Floresta de Restinga da Praia da Fazenda, município de Ubatuba) e estão distribuídas até a cota 1100 m (Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana da Trilha do rio Itamambuca, município de São Luis do Paraitinga) abrangendo os Núcleos Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Na Restinga o solo é Neossolo Quartzarênico francamente arenoso, enquanto que na encosta o solo é um Cambisolo Háplico Distrófico argilo-arenoso, sendo que todas as parcelas apresentaram solo ácido (pH 3 - 4) com alta diluição de nutrientes e alta saturação de alumínio. Na Restinga e no sopé da encosta o clima é Tropical/Subtropical Úmido (Af/Cfa), sem estação seca, com precipitação média anual superior a 2.200 mm e temperatura média anual de 22 ºC. Subindo a encosta mantêm-se a média de precipitação, mas há um gradativo resfriamento, de forma que a 1.100 m o clima é Subtropical Úmido (Cfa/Cfb), sem estação seca, com temperatura média anual de 17 ºC. Destaca-se ainda que, quase diariamente, a parte superior da encosta, geralmente acima de 400 m, é coberta por uma densa neblina. Nas 14 parcelas foram marcados, medidos e amostrados 21.733 indivíduos com DAP > 4,8 cm, incluindo árvores, palmeiras e fetos arborescentes. O número médio de indivíduos amostrados nas 14 parcelas foi de 1.264 ind.ha-1 (± 218 EP de 95%). Dentro dos parâmetros considerados predominaram as árvores (71% FOD Montana a 90% na Restinga), seguidas de palmeiras (10% na Restinga a 25% na FOD Montana) e fetos arborescentes (0% na Restinga a 4% na FOD Montana). Neste aspecto destaca-se a FOD Terras Baixas Exploradas com apenas 1,8% de palmeiras e surpreendentes 10% de fetos arborescentes. O dossel é irregular, com altura variando de 7 a 9 m, raramente as árvores emergentes chegam a 18 m, e a irregularidade do dossel permite a entrada de luz suficiente para o desenvolvimento de centenas de espécies epífitas. Com exceção da FOD Montana, onde o número de mortos foi superior a 5% dos indivíduos amostrados, nas demais fitofisionomias este valor ficou abaixo de 2,5%. Nas 11 parcelas onde foi realizado o estudo florístico foram encontradas 562 espécies distribuídas em 195 gêneros e 68 famílias. Apenas sete espécies - Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae), Calyptranthes lucida Mart. ex DC. e Marlierea tomentosa Cambess (ambas Myrtaceae), Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (Nyctaginaceae), Cupania oblongifolia Mart. (Sapindaceae) e as Urticaceae Cecropia glaziovii Snethl. e Coussapoa microcarpa (Schott) Rizzini - ocorreram da Floresta de Restinga à FOD Montana, enquanto outras 12 espécies só não ocorreram na Floresta de Restinga. As famílias com o maior número de espécies são Myrtaceae (133 spp), Fabaceae (47 spp), Rubiaceae (49) e Lauraceae (49) ao longo de todo gradiente da FOD e Monimiaceae (21) especificamente nas parcelas da FOD Montana. Em termos de número de indivíduos as famílias mais importantes foram Arecaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae, Lauraceae e na FOD Montana, Monimiaceae. Somente na parcela F, onde ocorreu exploração de madeira entre 1960 e 1985, a abundância de palmeiras foi substituída pelas Cyatheaceae. O gradiente estudado apresenta um pico da diversidade e riqueza nas altitudes intermediárias (300 a 400 m) ao longo da encosta (índice de Shannon-Weiner - H' - variando de 3,96 a 4,48 nats.indivíduo -1). Diversas explicações para este resultado são apresentadas neste trabalho, incluindo o fato dessas altitudes estarem nos limites das expansões e retrações das diferentes fitofisionomias da FOD Atlântica durante as flutuações climáticas do Pleistoceno. Os dados aqui apresentados demonstram a extraordinária riqueza de espécies arbóreas da Floresta Ombrófila Densa Atlântica dos Núcleos Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, reforçando a importância de sua conservação ao longo de todo o gradiente altitudinal. A diversidade desta floresta justifica também o investimento de longo prazo, através de parcelas permanentes, para compreender sua dinâmica e funcionamento, bem como monitorar o impacto das mudanças climáticas nessa vegetação.
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Stephenson NL, van Mantgem PJ, Bunn AG, Bruner H, Harmon ME, O'Connell KB, Urban DL, Franklin JF. Causes and implications of the correlation between forest productivity and tree mortality rates. ECOL MONOGR 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/10-1077.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Iida Y, Poorter L, Sterck FJ, Kassim AR, Kubo T, Potts MD, Kohyama TS. Wood density explains architectural differentiation across 145 co-occurring tropical tree species. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Allometry of emergent tree species from saplings to above-canopy adults in a Costa Rican rain forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467411000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Relations between crown width and tree height and trunk diameter and tree height were measured for trees of all sizes of six large emergent species (Balizia elegans, Dipteryx panamensis, Hieronyma alchorneoides, Hymenolobium mesoamericanum, Lecythis ampla and Terminalia oblonga) in the lowland tropical wet forest at La Selva, Costa Rica. Thirty to 45 individuals were chosen per species to provide a relatively even height distribution from 1 m up to the maximum encountered height. Among small juveniles, the crown widths of the two species with the smallest leaves and horizontally spreading branches were greater than those of the four large-leaved species. On reaching and exceeding the canopy, all but one species showed pronounced increases in crown width with increasing height. These patterns are linked to leaf size and first branching height in small juveniles and low densities of emergent trees at La Selva and other tropical forests, where crown expansion in all directions enhances light interception under the equatorial sun in trees that are not crowded by neighbours of similar height.
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Iida Y, Kohyama TS, Kubo T, Kassim AR, Poorter L, Sterck F, Potts MD. Tree architecture and life-history strategies across 200 co-occurring tropical tree species. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martínez-Cabrera HI, Schenk HJ, Cevallos-Ferriz SRS, Jones CS. Integration of vessel traits, wood density, and height in angiosperm shrubs and trees. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:915-22. [PMID: 21613189 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Trees and shrubs tend to occupy different niches within and across ecosystems; therefore, traits related to their resource use and life history are expected to differ. Here we analyzed how growth form is related to variation in integration among vessel traits, wood density, and height. We also considered the ecological and evolutionary consequences of such differences. METHOD In a sample of 200 woody plant species (65 shrubs and 135 trees) from Argentina, Mexico, and the United States, standardized major axis (SMA) regression, correlation analyses, and ANOVA were used to determine whether relationships among traits differed between growth forms. The influence of phylogenetic relationships was examined with a phylogenetic ANOVA and phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs). A principal component analysis was conducted to determine whether trees and shrubs occupy different portions of multivariate trait space. KEY RESULTS Wood density did not differ between shrubs and trees, but there were significant differences in vessel diameter, vessel density, theoretical conductivity, and as expected, height. In addition, relationships between vessel traits and wood density differed between growth forms. Trees showed coordination among vessel traits, wood density, and height, but in shrubs, wood density and vessel traits were independent. These results hold when phylogenetic relationships were considered. In the multivariate analyses, these differences translated as significantly different positions in multivariate trait space occupied by shrubs and trees. CONCLUSIONS Differences in trait integration between growth forms suggest that evolution of growth form in some lineages might be associated with the degree of trait interrelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo I Martínez-Cabrera
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Unit-3043, 75 N. Eagleville Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043, USA.
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