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Tian K, Chai P, Wang Y, Chen L, Qian H, Chen S, Mi X, Ren H, Ma K, Chen J. Species diversity pattern and its drivers of the understory herbaceous plants in a Chinese subtropical forest. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understory herbaceous plants are an important component of forest ecosystems, playing important roles in species diversity and forest dynamics in forests. However, the current understanding of the biodiversity of forest communities is mostly from woody plants, and knowledge of community structure and species diversity for understory herbaceous plants remains scarce. In a subtropical forest in China, we investigated understory vascular herbaceous diversity from 300 plots (5 × 5 m) in the main growing season. In this study, we analyzed the community structure and diversity pattern of the understory herbaceous community and linked the species diversity pattern to both abiotic and biotic environments. We found a rich diversity of understory herbaceous communities in this forest (81 species belonging to 55 genera), and floristic elements at the genus level were dominated by tropical elements, followed by temperate elements. The diversity pattern of the understory herbaceous showed a significant habitat preference, with the highest diversity in the lowland valleys and then followed by in middle slopes. In addition, herbaceous diversity was significantly affected by both abiotic factors (such as terrain convexity) and biotic factors (such as the diversity of surrounding woody plants). Our study indicated that species diversity of understory herbaceous showed a remarkable habitat preference, such as lowland valleys, and highlighted the importance of both abiotic and biotic environments in driving herbaceous diversity patterns in the subtropical forest understory.
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Testo WL, de Gasper AL, Molino S, Galán JMGY, Salino A, Dittrich VADO, Sessa EB. Deep vicariance and frequent transoceanic dispersal shape the evolutionary history of a globally distributed fern family. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1579-1595. [PMID: 36063431 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The historical biogeography of ferns is typically expected to be dominated by long-distance dispersal due to their minuscule spores. However, few studies have inferred the historical biogeography of a large and widely distributed group of ferns to test this hypothesis. Our aims were to determine the extent to which long-distance dispersal vs. vicariance have shaped the history of the fern family Blechnaceae, to explore ecological correlates of dispersal and diversification, and to determine whether these patterns differ between the northern and southern hemispheres. METHODS We used sequence data for three chloroplast loci to infer a time-calibrated phylogeny for 154 of 265 species of Blechnaceae, including representatives of all genera in the family. This tree was used to conduct ancestral range reconstruction and stochastic character mapping, estimate diversification rates, and identify ecological correlates of diversification. RESULTS Blechnaceae originated in Eurasia and began diversifying in the late Cretaceous. A lineage comprising most extant diversity diversified principally in the austral Pacific region around the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Land connections that existed near the poles during periods of warm climates likely facilitated migration of several lineages, with subsequent climate-mediated vicariance shaping current distributions. Long-distance dispersal is frequent and asymmetrical, with New Zealand/Pacific Islands, Australia, and tropical America being major source areas. CONCLUSIONS Ancient vicariance and extensive long-distance dispersal have shaped the history of Blechnaceae in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The exceptional diversity in austral regions appears to reflect rapid speciation in these areas; mechanisms underlying this evolutionary success remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston L Testo
- Department of Biology, 876 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76102, USA
- Department of Science and Education, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - André L de Gasper
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Victor Konder, CEP 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sonia Molino
- Unit of Botany, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Jose Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Gabriel Y Galán
- Unit of Botany, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Jose Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Salino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Emily B Sessa
- Department of Biology, 876 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Wang L, Li Y, Zhao Z, Zhu M, Hu T. Tidal flat aquaculture pollution governs sedimentary antibiotic resistance gene profiles but not bacterial community based on metagenomic data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155206. [PMID: 35421458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coastal tidal flats are intersection zones between terrestrial and marine environments and are considered repositories of pollutants from anthropogenic activities (e.g., fishery and aquaculture). Specifically, the prevalence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in coastal aquaculture environments pose critical threats to estuarine ecosystems. However, the contribution of aquaculture to the occurrence and abundance of ARGs and community assemblies has not been fully explored in tidal flat zones. Thus, we investigated ARGs profiles, ARG-carrying host bacteria, and their associate microbial community in the Dongtai and Sheyang tidal flat aquaculture regions of Jiangsu, China using metagenomic assembly methods. The antibiotic concentrations in the sediment samples ranged from nd to 35.50 ng/g dw, and the antibiotic pollution in the Dongtai tidal flat was more severe than in the Sheyang tidal flats. Metagenomic assembly indicated that a total of 247 ARG subtypes associated with ARG 33 types were characterized across all samples and their abundance in the Dongtai region exceeded that in the Sheyang region. Meanwhile, 21 bacteria in the tidal flat aquaculture were identified as ARG-carrying pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio fluvialis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Using neutral and null modeling analysis to determine the community ecological processes, the results revealed bacterial and ARG communities were generally dominated by stochastic and deterministic processes, respectively. The above results suggested that aquaculture pollution was contributed to shape ARG profiles in tidal flats. The observed deterministic processes affecting the ARG community in tidal flat aquaculture also provides an effective foundation to control the risks of environmental antibiotic resistance through reducing aquaculture antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Hu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, China
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Al-Amro AM, Al-Qahtani SM. Plant diversity in Sabkha ecosystems of arid region: spatial and environmental drivers. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e262331. [PMID: 35703636 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of spatial and environmental factors and their interactions on plant species composition in salt marsh (Sabkha) ecosystem located in arid region (Saudi Arabia). The plant species and environmental variables were investigated in 38 sites located in three regions. A total of 15 environmental variables were measured in each site and the geographical coordinates were used to extract spatial variables (using PCNM). A total of 81plant species were reported from 38 sites. The three regions showed patterns of homogeneity of multivariate dispersions (i.e. beta diversity). The PCNM analysis extracted 18 PCNM vectors and only 3 vectors were retained after forward selection. The spatial variables (selected PCNM vectors) explained only 3.21% of the variation in species composition of plants (using variation partitioning technique). However, eight environmental variables were selected after forward selection (Lead, Copper, total organic matter, Potassium, Magnesium, pH, Zinc and Iron, F= 4.72, P<0.05) and explained 19.61% of the total variation in the species composition. In conclusion, the plant communities in Sabkhas were not spatially structured due to the low percentage of variation explained by the spatial variables (PCNM vectors). The environmental variables were corresponded to the high fraction of variation explained. On the other hand, Sabkhas in Saudi Arabia are considered a hot spot for diversity not only for plants but for other animals (birds, vertebrates and invertebrates). Therefore, immediate conservation plans should be implemented to reduce the adverse effect of urbanization, industrialization as well as other anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Al-Amro
- King Saud University, College of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Al-Qahtani
- Tabuk University, University College of Taymma, Biology Department, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Yan Li, Chang Y, He X, Xu S, Su D. Effect of Environmental Factors on the Spatial Diversity Distribution Patterns of Lycophytes and Ferns in Northeast China. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Do Spatially Structured Soil Variables Influence the Plant Diversity in Tabuk Arid Region, Saudi Arabia? SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant diversity is affected by spatial variables as well as soil physical and chemical variables. In this study, plant species and soil variables were investigated in five sites of Tabuk Province (Saudi Arabia), namely Aldesah, Alzetah, Alawz, Harra and Sharma, to understand if the spatially structured soil variables (pH, electric conductivity (EC), soil texture, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, phosphate, total organic matter (OM), bicarbonate and sodium) influence the plant diversity. A total of 163 plant species belong to 41 families and 124 genera were reported from the 5 sites. Diversity indices including the species richness (alpha), evenness, Brillouin, Menhinick, Margalef, equitability and estimated Chao-1 were significantly different among the studied sites with pronounced high values in Sharma and Aldesah. The highest value of beta diversity was reported in Aldesah (0.253) followed by Sharma (0.171). According to the principal coordinates of neighbourhood matrix (PCNM) analysis, 11 positive spatial vectors (variables) were found. However, after running the forward selection procedures (using 2 stopping criteria), only 3 spatial vectors were retained (PCNM 1 (adj–R2 = 0.043, F = 5.201, p = 0.004), PCNM 2 (adj–R2 = 0.027, F = 3.97, p = 0.006) and PCNM 3 (adj–R2 = 0.019, F = 3.36, p = 0.007)). The linear models between the selected spatial variables (PCNM vectors) and soil variables were produced to investigate their spatial structure. In the first model, the first PCNM 1 axis showed significant relationship with pH and potassium (adj–R2 = 0.175, p = 0.046). In the second model, the second PCNM 2 axis had a significant relationship with OM and sodium (adj–R2 = 0.561, p < 0.001). Lastly, sodium was the only factor significantly correlated with the third PCNM 3 axis (adj–R2 = 0.365, p = 0.002). In conclusion, the spatially structured variables of soil did not show strong influence on plant diversity except pH and potassium, which were correlated with PCNM 1, OM and sodium, which were correlated with PCNM 2, and sodium, which was correlated with PCNM 3.
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Yang FC, Sarathchandra C, Liu JX, Huang HP, Gou JY, Li Y, Mao XY, Wen HT, Zhao J, Yang MF, Homya S, Prueksakorn K. How fern and fern allies respond to heterogeneous habitat - a case in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley. Commun Integr Biol 2021; 14:248-260. [PMID: 34925688 PMCID: PMC8677019 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2021.2007591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yuanjiang dry-hot valley features hot and dry climate, low vegetation and soil degradation. It had lush vegetation in the past, but has become degraded in recent decades. Understanding the interrelationship between species and the habitat is necessary to explain this change. In this study, a link between fern and fern allies – a group that is hypersensitive to environmental factors and their circumstances is constructed. Intensive transects and plots were designed to be proxies for extant fern and fern allies, and their habitats. Fifty years of meteorological records of precipitation and temperature along altitude and river running direction (latitudinal) were employed. Alpha and beta diversity are used to access diversity. Species_estimated, Singletons, Uniques, ACE, ICE, and Chao2, which associate to abundance and rarity, are subscribed to the correlation between fern and fern allies, and their ecosystem. Eight species, Selaginella pseudopaleifera, Aleuritopteris squamosa, Adiantum malesianum, Pteris vittata, Davallia trichomanoides, Sinephropteris delavayi, Selaginella jugorum, and Lygodium japonicum are used as indicators of a typical xeric and sun-drying habitat. The results indicate (1) accompanied by dramatically shrinking habitats, fern and fern allies are in very low diversity and abundance, whereas the rarity is relatively high; (2) for fern and fern allies, environmental factors are positive when altitude goes up; and (3) eight indicator species are latitudinally correlated with fern and fern allies along the river running direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Yang
- Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan, China.,School of Chinese Medicinal Material Resources, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Yi Minority Culture Research Center of the Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Sichuan Province
| | - Chaya Sarathchandra
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- Environmental Education Center, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Hua-Ping Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | | | - Ye Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Mao
- Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Ting Wen
- Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan, China.,Yi Minority Culture Research Center of the Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Sichuan Province
| | - Ming-Fu Yang
- Yi Minority Culture Research Center of the Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Sichuan Province.,Yanyuan Vocational Middle School of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China
| | - Suthathong Homya
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Phuket, Thailand
| | - Kritana Prueksakorn
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Phathom, Thailand
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Cordero RD, Jackson DA. Abiotic factors influence species co-occurrence patterns of lake fishes. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2859-2874. [PMID: 34498261 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic factors are recognized for their strong influence on community structure. Habitat diversity is related to resource availability that influences species richness and abundance. In lakes, surface area and depth have been used as measures of the size and diversity of habitat, and have strong effects on the structure of entire communities. We tested whether abiotic variables, related to habitat size, influence co-occurrence patterns of species pairs of fishes by analysing groups of lakes within a specific area and depth categories in two regions in Ontario, Canada. We used null models to obtain co-occurrence patterns and standard effect sizes for each species pair within each area and depth category. We estimated standard effect sizes relative to lake area or depth and determined whether species co-occurrence patterns change systematically as these measures of habitat increase. We evaluated groups of species where factors such as predation and habitat filtering have been shown to structure those assemblages, and we tested whether area and depth alter the species associations and our interpretation of these relationships. We found significant differences between the observed and expected distributions of regression slopes relating co-occurrences to area and depth in both regions across all species, which indicated the strong influence of both variables on the overall co-occurrence patterns. We observed a significant negative trend of the co-occurrence patterns across lake area categories for the predator-prey species, indicating that the effect of predation was stronger in smaller lakes, but it was reduced in larger lakes, possibly due to increased habitat and resource availability. We show that pooling results as done in standard community null models can lead to Type II errors due to the 'cancellation' of opposing ecological signals. Our results demonstrate the effect of environmental variables on species co-occurrence patterns, but the divergent results obtained between geographical regions suggest that such patterns are context-dependent. This study emphasizes the importance of considering abiotic factors in null models of species co-occurrence to obtain reliable and detailed information about the association patterns between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D Cordero
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald A Jackson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yang YJ, Bi MH, Nie ZF, Jiang H, Liu XD, Fang XW, Brodribb TJ. Evolution of stomatal closure to optimize water-use efficiency in response to dehydration in ferns and seed plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2001-2010. [PMID: 33586157 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants control water-use efficiency (WUE) by regulating water loss and CO2 diffusion through stomata. Variation in stomatal control has been reported among lineages of vascular plants, thus giving rise to the possibility that different lineages may show distinct WUE dynamics in response to water stress. Here, we compared the response of gas exchange to decreasing leaf water potential among four ferns and nine seed plant species exposed to a gradually intensifying water deficit. The data collected were combined with those from 339 phylogenetically diverse species obtained from previous studies. In well-watered angiosperms, the maximum stomatal conductance was high and greater than that required for maximum WUE, but drought stress caused a rapid reduction in stomatal conductance and an increase in WUE in response to elevated concentrations of abscisic acid. However, in ferns, stomata did not open beyond the optimum point corresponding to maximum WUE and actually exhibited a steady WUE in response to dehydration. Thus, seed plants showed improved photosynthetic WUE under water stress. The ability of seed plants to increase WUE could provide them with an advantage over ferns under drought conditions, thereby presumably increasing their fitness under selection pressure by drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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Zhukova Y, Demchuk N, Yorkina N, Dubinina Y, Ganzha D, Bezugla L, Ilchenko T. The Small-Scale Variation of Herb-Layer Community Structure in a Riparian Mixed Forest. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.82.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of spatial variables, soil properties and overstorey structure in spatial variation of the herb-layer community in a riparian mixed forest was shown. The research were conducted in the "Dnipro-Orils’kiy" Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The research polygon was laid in a forest in the floodplain of the River Protich, which is a left inflow of the River Dnipro. Plant abundance was quantified by measuring cover within experimental polygon. The experimental polygon consisted of 7 transects and each transect was made up of 15 test points. The distance between rows in the site was 3 m. At the site we established a plot of 45×21 m, with 105 subplots of 3×3 m organized in a regular grid. Vascular plant species lists were recorded for each 3×3 m subplot along with visual estimates of species cover projection. The plant community was represented by 43 species, of which 18.6% were phanerophytes, 39.5% were hemikriptophytes, 9.3% were therophytes, 7.0% were geophytes. An overall test of random labelling revealed the total nonrandom distribution of the tree stems within the site. Constrained correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied as ordination approach. The forward selection procedure allowed us to select 6 soil variables, which explain 28.3% of the herb-layer community variability. The list of the important soil variables includes soil mechanical impedance (at the depth 0–5, 30–35, 75–80, and 95–10 cm), soil moisture, and soil bulk density. The variation explained by pure spatial variables is equal to 11.0 %. The majority of the tree-distance structured variation in plant community composition was broad-scaled. The significant relationship was found between the pure spatial component of the community variation and a lot of phytoindicator estimations of which the variability of damping and humidity were of the greatest importance. Trees stand was demonstrated to be a considerable factor structuring both the herb-layer community and spatial variation of the physical properties of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadiya Yorkina
- Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University
| | - Yulia Dubinina
- Melitopol Institute of Ecology and Social Technologies of the Open International University of Human Development “Ukraine”
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Abbas S, Nichol JE, Zhang J, Fischer GA, Wong MS, Irteza SM. Spatial and environmental constraints on natural forest regeneration in the degraded landscape of Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141760. [PMID: 32890826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are the main reservoirs for global biodiversity and climate control. As secondary forests are now more widespread than primary forests, understanding their functioning and role in the biosphere is increasingly important. This includes understanding how they achieve stability, how they accumulate species and build biodiversity and how they cycle nutrients and carbon. This study investigates how we can restore tropical secondary forests to resemble high biomass, highly biodiverse and stable ecosystems seen today only in primary, undisturbed forests. The study used historic aerial photographs and recent high-resolution satellite images from 1945 to 2014 to map forest patches with five age categories, from 14-years to over 70-years, in Hong Kong's degraded tropical landscape. A forest inventory comprising 28 quadrats provided a rare opportunity to relate patterns of species composition at different stages during the succession with topographic and soil characteristics. The topographic variables accounted for 15% of the variance in species abundance, and age of forest stands explained 29%. Species richness rapidly increased after the first 15 years, but was lower in old-growth, than in medium age forest. This is attributed to the inability of late-successional species to disperse into the young forests as the natural dispersal agents (birds, mammals) have been lost. Light-loving pioneers which are unable to tolerate the shade of older forests, cannot regenerate in their own shade, therefore species diversity declines after a few decades. For ecosystem restoration in tropical secondary forests, introduction of late-successional species is necessary to assist natural succession, given the absence of native fauna, seed dispersal agents, and the surrounding altered environment. We also show that remote sensing can play a pivotal role in understanding the recovery and functioning of secondary forest regeneration as its contribution to the biosphere is increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawaid Abbas
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Janet E Nichol
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Geography, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, UK.
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Flora Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gunter A Fischer
- Flora Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Syed M Irteza
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, and Functional Diversity of Ferns at Three Differently Disturbed Sites in Longnan County, China. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human disturbances are greatly threatening to the biodiversity of vascular plants. Compared to seed plants, the diversity patterns of ferns have been poorly studied along disturbance gradients, including aspects of their taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Longnan County, a biodiversity hotspot in the subtropical zone in South China, was selected to obtain a more thorough picture of the fern–disturbance relationship, in particular, the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of ferns at different levels of disturbance. In 90 sample plots of 5 × 5 m2 along roadsides at three sites, we recorded a total of 20 families, 50 genera, and 99 species of ferns, as well as 9759 individual ferns. The sample coverage curve indicated that the sampling effort was sufficient for biodiversity analysis. In general, the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity measured by Hill numbers of order q = 0–3 indicated that the fern diversity in Longnan County was largely influenced by the level of human disturbance, which supports the ‘increasing disturbance hypothesis’. Many functional traits of ferns at the most disturbed site were adaptive to the disturbance. There were also some indicators of fern species responding to the different disturbance levels. Hence, ferns may be considered as a good indicator group for environmental stress.
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Peng F, Guo Y, Isabwe A, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Yang J. Urbanization drives riverine bacterial antibiotic resistome more than taxonomic community at watershed scale. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105524. [PMID: 32036121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in various aquatic ecosystems are well explored, understanding of the ecological processes and mechanisms governing the composition and dynamics of bacterial ARGs still remains limited across space and time. Here, we used high-throughput approaches to detect spatial patterns of bacterial ARGs and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in an urbanizing subtropical watershed, Xiamen, southeast China over a five-year period. At watershed scale, the OTU profiles were undergoing a directional change, but the ARG profiles showed a high stability or stochastic change over time. Compared with the upstream and midstream, the richness, absolute abundance, normalized abundance and diversity of ARGs were significantly higher in the downstream waters. Our results revealed a clear rural-urban disparity in ARG and OTU profiles which were mainly governed by deterministic and stochastic assembly processes, respectively. With the increase of urban building area along the river, the ecological processes of ARG profiles shifted from stochastic to deterministic. In downstream waters, the bacterial ARG profiles were much more stable than bacterial OTUs. Further, our results indicated that both human-dominated environment (e.g., land use) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) played an important role in shaping the ARG profiles and dynamics. Overall, this was a response to spatially extensive human-landscape interactions that included urban development in the river downstream region, which were common across subtropical coastal cities of China and can alter the ARG profile dynamics along rural-urban gradient. Therefore, watershed management actions aiming at reducing threats posed by ARGs in urbanizing watershed should first consider the surrounding urbanization level and the mode and intensity of human activity. Our findings also imply that due to the decoupling of bacterial function and taxonomy, both aspects should be studied separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunyan Guo
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alain Isabwe
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhu
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Carmes AA, Dechoum MDS, Fiaschi P. The predominant role of soil in determining species composition of fern communities in subtropical coastal forest ecosystems. NEOTROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e49028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferns are an important component in the understorey of tropical forests and their distribution is influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors. At a regional scale, soil characteristics and canopy openness play an important role in fern species composition and richness, as well as in the abundance of individuals. Our objective was to compare the influence of edaphic conditions and vegetation structure on the abundance and distribution of fern communities in Atlantic forest andrestingaforest. Our hypotheses were that fern species richness and diversity are higher in Atlantic forest than inrestingadue to limiting conditions in this habitat and the composition of fern species in Atlantic forest differs fromrestinga, especially due to differences in edaphic conditions. A principal coordinates analysis was applied to ordinate sampling units in relation to the environmental variables and a permutational multivariate analysis of variance was used to test that environmental variables did not differ between the two vegetation types. Species richness was compared using rarefaction curves. The influence of abiotic variables in species composition and abundance was verified using canonical correspondence analysis. No differences were observed in species richness, diversity or dominance between vegetation types, although abundance was higher inrestinga. Fern communities respond to edaphic conditions and vegetation structure variations between vegetation types, the soil playing a major role. A greater variety of habitats resulting from differences in soil drainage inrestingafacilitates the co-existence of species with different ecological tolerance, increasing local diversity and compensating for limiting conditions inrestinga.
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15
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Gornish ES, Shaw J, Gillespie BM. Using strip seeding to test how restoration design affects randomness of community assembly. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise S. Gornish
- School of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of Arizona, Tucson Tucson AZ 85721 U.S.A
| | - Julea Shaw
- Plant SciencesUniversity of California, Davis Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Breahna M. Gillespie
- Plant SciencesUniversity of California, Davis Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Department of BiologySan Diego State University San Diego CA 92182 U.S.A
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The effect of soil on spatial variation of the herbaceous layer modulated by overstorey in an Eastern European poplar-willow forest. EKOLÓGIA (BRATISLAVA) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/eko-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The tree species composition can influence the dynamics of herbaceous species and enhance the spatial heterogeneity of the soil. But there is very little evidence on how both overstorey structure and soil properties affect the spatial variation of the herb layer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors of the soil and overstorey structure by which it is possible to explain the fine-scale variation of herbaceous layer communities in an Eastern European poplar-willow forest. The research was conducted in the “Dnipro-Orils’kiy” Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The research polygon (48°30′51″N, 34°49″02″E) was laid in an Eastern European poplar-willow forest in the floodplain of the River Protich, which is a left inflow of the River Dnipro. The site consists of 7 transects. Each transect was made up of 15 test points. The distance between rows in the site was 3 m. At the site, we established a plot of 45×21 m, with 105 subplots of 3×3 m organized in a regular grid. The adjacent subplots were in close proximity. Vascular plant species lists were recorded at each 3×3 m subplot along with visual estimates of species cover using the nine-degree Braun-Blanquet scale. Within the plot, all woody stems ≥ 1 cm in diameter at breast height were measured and mapped. Dixon’s segregation index was calculated for tree species to quantify their relative spatial mixing. Based on geobotanical descriptions, a phytoindicative assessment of environmental factors according to the Didukh scale was made. The redundancy analysis was used for the analysis of variance in the herbaceous layer species composition. The geographic coordinates of sampling locations were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based spatial variables. Two measurements of the overstorey spatial structure were applied: the distances from the nearest tree of each species and the distance based on the evaluation of spatial density of point objects, which are separate trees. In both cases, the distance matrix of sampling locations was calculated, which provided the opportunity to generate eigenvector-based spatial variables. A kernel smoothed intensity function was used to compute the density of the trees’ spatial distribution from the point patterns’ data. Gaussian kernel functions with various bandwidths were used. The coordinates of sampling locations in the space obtained after the conversion of the trees’ spatial distribution densities were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based spatial variables, each of them representing a pattern of particular scale within the extent of the bandwidth area structured according to distance and reciprocal placement of the trees. An overall test of random labelling reveals the total nonrandom distribution of the tree stems within the site. The unexplained variation consists of 43.8%. The variation explained solely by soil variables is equal to 15.5%, while the variation explained both by spatial and soil variables is 18.0%. The measure of the overstorey spatial structure, which is based on the evaluation of its density enables us to obtain different estimations depending on the bandwidth. The bandwidth affects the explanatory capacity of the tree stand. A considerable part of the plant community variation explained by soil factors was spatially structured. The orthogonal eigenvector-based spatial variables (dbMEMs) approach can be extended to quantifying the effect of forest structures on the herbaceous layer community. The measure of the overstorey spatial structure, which is based on the evaluation of its density, was very useful in explaining herbaceous layer community variation.
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Teixeira NDA, Marimon BS, Elias F, Hur Marimon-Junior B. Padrões espaciais de samambaias em Floresta Estacional Perenifólia na transição Amazônia-Cerrado. RODRIGUÉSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201970011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O clima e as condições edáficas são importantes preditores dos padrões espaciais e da diversidade alfa de espécies vegetais. A distribuição espacial das populações vegetais fornece informações sobre processos ecológicos que regem as comunidades. Nesse estudo investigamos a riqueza e os padrões espaciais intra e interespecíficos de espécies de samambaias em uma Floresta Estacional Perenifólia na transição Amazônia-Cerrado. Descrevemos os padrões espaciais através da função O’ring univariada e bivariada. Registramos quatro espécies de samambaias (Trichomanes pinnatum, Lindsaea pallida, Adiantum incertum e Campyloneurum phyllitidis). Todas as espécies exibiram o padrão espacial intraespecífico agregado. O padrão interespecífico positivo foi observado entre as espécies T. pinnatum e A. incertum, e L. pallida e A. incertum, porém, não observamos relações espaciais entre T. pinnatum e L. pallida. A forte sazonalidade climática aliada à homogeneidade topográfica pode estar influenciando na baixa riqueza de espécies. A agregação observada para essas espécies é um indicativo de que a limitação de dispersão e a estruturação do habitat estão determinando suas distribuições espaciais. As associações espaciais positivas das espécies podem estar sendo potencializadas pelo estresse ambiental durante o período de seca. A ausência de relações espaciais pode ser um indício de que a neutralidade pode explicar parcialmente a distribuição de samambaias na floresta estudada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil; Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil; Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | | | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil; Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Messier J, Violle C, Enquist BJ, Lechowicz MJ, McGill BJ. Similarities and differences in intrapopulation trait correlations of co-occurring tree species: consistent water-use relationships amid widely different correlation patterns. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1477-1490. [PMID: 30216410 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY General relationships among functional traits have been identified across species, but the forces shaping these relationships remain largely unknown. Adopting an approach from evolutionary biology, we studied similarities and differences in intrapopulation trait correlations among locally co-occurring tree species to assess the roles of constraints, phylogeny, and the environmental niche in shaping multivariate phenotypes. We tested the hypotheses (1) that intrapopulation correlations among functional traits are largely shaped by fundamental trade-offs or constraints and (2) that differences among species reflect adaptation to their environmental niches. METHODS We compared pairwise correlations and correlation matrices of 17 key functional traits within and among temperate tree species. These traits describe three well-established trade-off dimensions characterizing interspecific relationships among physiological functions: resource acquisition and conservation; sap transport and mechanical support; and branch architecture. KEY RESULTS Six trait pairs are consistently correlated within populations. Of these, only one involves dimensionally independent traits: LMA-δ13 C. For all other traits, intrapopulation functional trait correlations are weak, are species-specific, and differ from interspecific correlations. Species intrapopulation correlation matrices are related to neither phylogeny nor environmental niche. CONCLUSIONS The results (1) suggest that the functional design of these species is centered on efficient water use, (2) highlight flexibility in plant functional design across species, and (3) suggest that intrapopulation, local interspecific, and global interspecific correlations are shaped by processes acting at each of these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Messier
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CNRS, CEFE UMR 5175, Université de Montpellier-Université Paul Valéry-EPHE, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501, USA
| | | | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
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19
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Sessa EB, Chambers SM, Li D, Trotta L, Endara L, Burleigh JG, Baiser B. Community assembly of the ferns of Florida. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:549-564. [PMID: 29730880 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Many ecological and evolutionary processes shape the assembly of organisms into local communities from a regional pool of species. We analyzed phylogenetic and functional diversity to understand community assembly of the ferns of Florida at two spatial scales. METHODS We built a phylogeny for 125 of the 141 species of ferns in Florida using five chloroplast markers. We calculated mean pairwise dissimilarity (MPD) and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) from phylogenetic distances and functional trait data for both spatial scales and compared the results to null models to assess significance. KEY RESULTS Our results for over vs. underdispersion in functional and phylogenetic diversity differed depending on spatial scale and metric considered. At the county scale, MPD revealed evidence for phylogenetic overdispersion, while MNTD revealed phylogenetic and functional underdispersion, and at the conservation area scale, MPD revealed phylogenetic and functional underdispersion while MNTD revealed evidence only of functional underdispersion. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with environmental filtering playing a larger role at the smaller, conservation area scale. The smaller spatial units are likely composed of fewer local habitat types that are selecting for closely related species, with the larger-scale units more likely to be composed of multiple habitat types that bring together a larger pool of species from across the phylogeny. Several aspects of fern biology, including their unique physiology and water relations and the importance of the independent gametophyte stage of the life cycle, make ferns highly sensitive to local, microhabitat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Sessa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sally M Chambers
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 900 S. Palm Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lauren Trotta
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lorena Endara
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - J Gordon Burleigh
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Benjamin Baiser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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20
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Costa LEN, Farias RP, Santiago ACP, Silva IAA, Barros ICL. Abiotic factors drives floristic variations of fern's metacommunity in an Atlantic Forest remnant. BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 78:736-741. [PMID: 29451608 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.175633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed floristic variations in fern's metacommunity at the local scale and their relationship with abiotic factors in an Atlantic Forest remnant of northeastern Brazil. Floristic and environmental variations were accessed on ten plots of 10 × 20 m. We performed cluster analyses, based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index to establish the floristic relationship. The influence of abiotic factors: luminosity, temperature, relative air humidity and relative soil moisture was evaluated from a redundancy analysis. We found 24 species belonging to 20 genera and 12 families. The fern's flora showed high floristic heterogeneity (>75% for most of the plot's associations). The fern's metacommunity was structured along an abiotic gradient modulated by temperature, luminosity, and relative soil moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E N Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Rua Prof. Nelson Chaves, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - R P Farias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Rua Prof. Nelson Chaves, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A C P Santiago
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Rua Alto do Reservatório, Bela Vista, CEP 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - I A A Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, s/n, Zona Rural, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - I C L Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Rua Prof. Nelson Chaves, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Shifts in the importance of the species pool and environmental controls of epiphytic bryophyte richness across multiple scales. Oecologia 2018; 186:805-816. [PMID: 29349719 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Species richness is influenced by a nested set of environmental factors, but how do these factors interact across several scales? Our main aim is to disentangle the relative importance of environmental filters and the species pool on the richness of epiphytic bryophytes across spatial scales. To do so, we sampled epiphytic bryophytes in 43 oak forests across the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. As predictors we used climate, descriptors of forest structure and micro-environment. We applied structural equation modeling to relate these variables with richness and cover at three scales: locality (forest), stand (three stands per forest), and sample (a quadrate in a tree). We assumed top-down relationships, so that large-scale variables influenced lower scale variables, and in which cover directly influenced richness. Richness at the next larger scale (locality to stand and stand to sample) is considered a surrogate of the species pool and included as a predictor of richness at the next smaller scale. Environmental variables explain locality richness, but as we decrease the spatial scale, its importance decreases and the dependence on species pool increases. In addition, we found unexpected bottom-up relationships (between micro-scale environment to locality richness). Our results point to the scale dependence of niche vs. neutral processes: niche processes are important at the locality (forest) scale, while neutral processes are significant at the small (sample) scale. We propose a modified conceptualization of the factors influencing biodiversity at different spatial scales by adding links across different scales (between micro-environment and locality-scale richness in our study).
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Acebey AR, López-Acosta JC, Tejero-Díez JD, Krömer T. Riqueza y composición de helechos y licófitos en tres áreas de bosque mesófilo en Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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23
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Chudomelová M, Zelený D, Li CF. Contrasting patterns of fine-scale herb layer species composition in temperate forests. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nitta JH, Meyer J, Taputuarai R, Davis CC. Life cycle matters:
DNA
barcoding reveals contrasting community structure between fern sporophytes and gametophytes. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel H. Nitta
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Jean‐Yves Meyer
- Délégation à la Recherche Government of French Polynesia B.P. 20981 Papeete, Tahiti French Polynesia
| | - Ravahere Taputuarai
- Association Te Rau Ati Ati a Tau a Hiti Noa Tu B.P. 11553 Mahina, Tahiti French Polynesia
| | - Charles C. Davis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
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Oralls DG, Osborn AR, Tessier JT. Potential Influence of Salamanders and Coarse Woody Debris on the Distribution ofDryopteris intermediain a Hardwood Forest. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2016. [DOI: 10.1656/045.023.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Neutral Theory Overestimates Extinction Times in Nonhuman Primates. INT J PRIMATOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-015-9854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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McCann MJ. Local and Regional Determinants of an Uncommon Functional Group in Freshwater Lakes and Ponds. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131980. [PMID: 26121636 PMCID: PMC4488069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of local and regional factors and stochastic forces is expected to determine the occurrence of species and the structure of communities. However, in most cases, our understanding is incomplete, with large amounts of unexplained variation. Using functional groups rather than individual species may help explain the relationship between community composition and conditions. In this study, I used survey data from freshwater lakes and ponds to understand factors that determine the presence of the floating plant functional group in the northeast United States. Of the 176 water bodies surveyed, 104 (59.1%) did not contain any floating plant species. The occurrence of this functional group was largely determined by local abiotic conditions, which were spatially autocorrelated across the region. A model predicting the presence of the floating plant functional group performed similarly to the best species-specific models. Using a permutation test, I also found that the observed prevalence of floating plants is no different than expected by random assembly from a species pool of its size. These results suggest that the size of the species pool interacts with local conditions in determining the presence of a functional group. Nevertheless, a large amount of unexplained variation remains, attributable to either stochastic species occurrence or incomplete predictive models. The simple permutation approach in this study can be extended to test alternative models of community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael James McCann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Basnou C, Vicente P, Espelta JM, Pino J. Of niche differentiation, dispersal ability and historical legacies: what drives woody community assembly in recent Mediterranean forests? OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joan Pino
- CREAF; ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Univ. Autònoma Barcelona; ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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Gendreau-Berthiaume B, Macdonald SE, Stadt JJ, Hnatiuk RJ. How dynamic are understory communities and the processes structuring them in mature conifer forests? Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00308.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Sabatini FM, Burrascano S, Tuomisto H, Blasi C. Ground layer plant species turnover and beta diversity in southern-European old-growth forests. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95244. [PMID: 24748155 PMCID: PMC3991708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different assembly processes may simultaneously affect local-scale variation of species composition in temperate old-growth forests. Ground layer species diversity reflects chance colonization and persistence of low-dispersal species, as well as fine-scale environmental heterogeneity. The latter depends on both purely abiotic factors, such as soil properties and topography, and factors primarily determined by overstorey structure, such as light availability. Understanding the degree to which plant diversity in old-growth forests is associated with structural heterogeneity and/or to dispersal limitation will help assessing the effectiveness of silvicultural practices that recreate old-growth patterns and structures for the conservation or restoration of plant diversity. We used a nested sampling design to assess fine-scale species turnover, i.e. the proportion of species composition that changes among sampling units, across 11 beech-dominated old-growth forests in Southern Europe. For each stand, we also measured a wide range of environmental and structural variables that might explain ground layer species turnover. Our aim was to quantify the relative importance of dispersal limitation in comparison to that of stand structural heterogeneity while controlling for other sources of environmental heterogeneity. For this purpose, we used multiple regression on distance matrices at the within-stand extent, and mixed effect models at the extent of the whole dataset. Species turnover was best predicted by structural and environmental heterogeneity, especially by differences in light availability and in topsoil nutrient concentration and texture. Spatial distances were significant only in four out of eleven stands with a relatively low explanatory power. This suggests that structural heterogeneity is a more important driver of local-scale ground layer species turnover than dispersal limitation in southern European old-growth beech forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabina Burrascano
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hanna Tuomisto
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Carlo Blasi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Nettesheim FC, Damasceno ER, Sylvestre LS. Different slopes of a mountain can determine the structure of ferns and lycophytes communities in a tropical forest of Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2014; 86:199-210. [PMID: 24676163 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201495912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A community of Ferns and Lycophytes was investigated by comparing the occurrence of species on different slopes of a paleoisland in Southeastern Brazil. Our goal was to evaluate the hypothesis that slopes with different geographic orientations determine a differentiation of Atlantic Forest ferns and lycophytes community. We recorded these plants at slopes turned towards the continent and at slopes turned towards the open sea. Analysis consisted of a preliminary assessment on fern beta diversity, a Non Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and a Student t-test to confirm if sites sampling units ordination was different at each axis. We further used the Pearson coefficient to relate fern species to the differentiation pattern and again Student's t-test to determine if richness, plant cover and abundance varied between the two sites. There was a relatively low number of shared species between the two sites and ferns and lycophytes community variation was confirmed. Some species were detected as indicators of the community variation but we were unable to detect richness, plant cover or abundance differences. Despite the evidence of this variation between the slopes, further works are needed to evaluate which processes are contributing to determine this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine R Damasceno
- Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, Sao Cristovao, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Botanica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lana S Sylvestre
- Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Wang S, Wang X, Guo H, Fan W, Lv H, Duan R. Distinguishing the importance between habitat specialization and dispersal limitation on species turnover. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:3545-53. [PMID: 24223289 PMCID: PMC3797498 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding what governs community assembly and the maintenance of biodiversity is a central issue in ecology, but has been a continuing debate. A key question is the relative importance of habitat specialization (niche assembly) and dispersal limitation (dispersal assembly). In the middle of the Loess Plateau, northwestern China, we examined how species turnover in Liaodong oak (Quercus wutaishanica) forests differed between observed and randomized assemblies, and how this difference was affected by habitat specialization and dispersal limitation using variation partitioning. Results showed that expected species turnover based on individual randomization was significantly lower than the observed value (P < 0.01). The turnover deviation significantly depended on the environmental and geographical distances (P < 0.05). Environmental and spatial variables significantly explained approximately 40% of the species composition variation at all the three layers (P < 0.05). However, their contributions varied among forest layers; the herb and shrub layers were dominated by environmental factors, whereas the canopy layer was dominated by spatial factors. Our results underscore the importance of synthetic models that integrate effects of both dispersal and niche assembly for understanding the community assembly. However, habitat specialization (niche assembly) may not always be the dominant process in community assembly, even under harsh environments. Community assembly may be in a trait-dependent manner (e.g., forest layers in this study). Thus, taking more species traits into account would strengthen our confidence in the inferred assembly mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaoan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hua Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an, 710119, China
| | - Weiyi Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haiying Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an, 710119, China
| | - Renyan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing, 246011, China
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Sessa EB, Givnish TJ. Leaf form and photosynthetic physiology ofDryopterisspecies distributed along light gradients in eastern North America. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Sessa
- Department of Botany; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 430 Lincoln Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Thomas J. Givnish
- Department of Botany; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 430 Lincoln Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
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Boieiro M, Carvalho JC, Cardoso P, Aguiar CAS, Rego C, de Faria e Silva I, Amorim IR, Pereira F, Azevedo EB, Borges PAV, Serrano ARM. Spatial factors play a major role as determinants of endemic ground beetle beta diversity of Madeira Island Laurisilva. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64591. [PMID: 23724065 PMCID: PMC3664619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development in recent years of new beta diversity analytical approaches highlighted valuable information on the different processes structuring ecological communities. A crucial development for the understanding of beta diversity patterns was also its differentiation in two components: species turnover and richness differences. In this study, we evaluate beta diversity patterns of ground beetles from 26 sites in Madeira Island distributed throughout Laurisilva – a relict forest restricted to the Macaronesian archipelagos. We assess how the two components of ground beetle beta diversity (βrepl – species turnover and βrich - species richness differences) relate with differences in climate, geography, landscape composition matrix, woody plant species richness and soil characteristics and the relative importance of the effects of these variables at different spatial scales. We sampled 1025 specimens from 31 species, most of which are endemic to Madeira Island. A spatially explicit analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of pure environmental, pure spatial and environmental spatially structured effects on variation in ground beetle species richness and composition. Variation partitioning showed that 31.9% of species turnover (βrepl) and 40.7% of species richness variation (βrich) could be explained by the environmental and spatial variables. However, different environmental variables controlled the two types of beta diversity: βrepl was influenced by climate, disturbance and soil organic matter content whilst βrich was controlled by altitude and slope. Furthermore, spatial variables, represented through Moran’s eigenvector maps, played a significant role in explaining both βrepl and βrich, suggesting that both dispersal ability and Madeira Island complex orography are crucial for the understanding of beta diversity patterns in this group of beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Boieiro
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental and Portuguese Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Clark CJ, Poulsen JR, Levey DJ. Roles of seed and establishment limitation in determining patterns of afrotropical tree recruitment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63330. [PMID: 23691023 PMCID: PMC3653939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the relative importance of the multiple processes that limit recruitment may hold the key to understanding tropical tree diversity. Here we couple theoretical models with a large-scale, multi-species seed-sowing experiment to assess the degree to which seed and establishment limitation shape patterns of tropical tree seedling recruitment in a central African forest. Of five randomly selected species (Pancovia laurentii, Staudtia kamerunensis, Manilkara mabokeensis, Myrianthus arboreas, and Entandophragma utile), seedling establishment and survival were low (means of 16% and 6% at 3 and 24 months, respectively), and seedling density increased with seed augmentation. Seedling recruitment was best explained by species identity and the interaction of site-by-species, suggesting recruitment probabilities vary among species and sites, and supporting the role of niche-based mechanisms. Although seed augmentation enhanced initial seedling density, environmental filtering and post-establishment mortality strongly limited seedling recruitment. The relative importance of seed and establishment limitation changed with seed and seedling density and through time. The arrival of seeds most strongly affected local recruitment when seeds were nearly absent from a site (∼ 1 seed m2), but was also important when seeds arrived in extremely high densities, overwhelming niche-based mortality factors. The strength of seed limitation and density-independent mortality decreased significantly over time, while density-dependent mortality showed the opposite trend. The varying strengths of seed and establishment limitation as a function of juvenile density and time emphasize the need to evaluate their roles through later stages of a tree’s life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie J Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Zhang H, Gilbert B, Zhang X, Zhou S. Community assembly along a successional gradient in sub-alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shipley B, Paine CET, Baraloto C. Quantifying the importance of local niche-based and stochastic processes to tropical tree community assembly. Ecology 2012; 93:760-9. [PMID: 22690627 DOI: 10.1890/11-0944.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although niche-based and stochastic processes, including dispersal limitation and demographic stochasticity, can each contribute to community assembly, it is difficult to quantify the relative importance of each process in natural vegetation. Here, we extend Shipley's maxent model (Community Assembly by Trait Selection, CATS) for the prediction of relative abundances to incorporate both trait-based filtering and dispersal limitation from the larger landscape and develop a statistical decomposition of the proportions of the total information content of relative abundances in local communities that are attributable to trait-based filtering, dispersal limitation, and demographic stochasticity. We apply the method to tree communities in a mature, species-rich, tropical forest in French Guiana at 1-, 0.25- and 0.04-ha scales. Trait data consisted of species' means of 17 functional traits measured over both the entire meta-community and separately in each of nine 1-ha plots. Trait means calculated separately for each site always gave better predictions. There was clear evidence of trait-based filtering at all spatial scales. Trait-based filtering was the most important process at the 1-ha scale (34%), whereas demographic stochasticity was the most important at smaller scales (37-53%). Dispersal limitation from the meta-community was less important and approximately constant across scales (-9%), and there was also an unresolved association between site-specific traits and meta-community relative abundances. Our method allows one to quantify the relative importance of local niche-based and meta-community processes and demographic stochasticity during community assembly across spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Zuquim G, Tuomisto H, Costa FR, Prado J, Magnusson WE, Pimentel T, Braga-Neto R, Figueiredo FO. Broad Scale Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes along Environmental Gradients in Central and Northern Amazonia, Brazil. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Zuquim
- Department of Biology; University of Turku; FI-20014; Turku; Finland
| | - Hanna Tuomisto
- Department of Biology; University of Turku; FI-20014; Turku; Finland
| | - Flávia R.C. Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Coordenação de Biodiversidade (INPA/CBIO), Av. André Araújo, 2936, C.P. 478, CEP 69060-001; Manaus; AM; Brazil
| | - Jefferson Prado
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo; Herbário SP; C.P. 3005; CEP 01031-970; São Paulo; SP; Brazil
| | - William E. Magnusson
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Coordenação de Biodiversidade (INPA/CBIO), Av. André Araújo, 2936, C.P. 478, CEP 69060-001; Manaus; AM; Brazil
| | - Tania Pimentel
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Coordenação de Biodiversidade (INPA/CBIO), Av. André Araújo, 2936, C.P. 478, CEP 69060-001; Manaus; AM; Brazil
| | - Ricardo Braga-Neto
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Coordenação de Biodiversidade (INPA/CBIO), Av. André Araújo, 2936, C.P. 478, CEP 69060-001; Manaus; AM; Brazil
| | - Fernando O.G. Figueiredo
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/Coordenação de Biodiversidade (INPA/CBIO), Av. André Araújo, 2936, C.P. 478, CEP 69060-001; Manaus; AM; Brazil
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Wing SL, Strömberg CAE, Hickey LJ, Tiver F, Willis B, Burnham RJ, Behrensmeyer AK. Floral and environmental gradients on a Late Cretaceous landscape. ECOL MONOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0870.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Douda J, Doudová-Kochánková J, Boublík K, Drašnarová A. Plant species coexistence at local scale in temperate swamp forest: test of habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Oecologia 2011; 169:523-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Heino J, Grönroos M, Soininen J, Virtanen R, Muotka T. Context dependency and metacommunity structuring in boreal headwater streams. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cronin JT. Spatial ecology of the palm-leaf skeletonizer, Homaledra sabelella (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae). PLoS One 2011; 6:e22331. [PMID: 21799826 PMCID: PMC3142117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that determine the distribution of populations is a fundamental goal in ecology. In this study, I determined the relative contribution of space and the biotic and abiotic environment to the distribution of the palm-leaf skeletonizer Homaledra sabalella (PLS; Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) among patchily distributed dwarf palmettos (Sabal minor; Arecaceae). Based on surveys conducted at two sites in the Sherburne Wildlife Management Area, Louisiana, I found that the distribution of the PLS was primarily related to local environmental conditions--number of PLS increased with palmetto height, was greater in dry versus wet habitats, and varied in an inconsistent way with the type of understory cover. Spatial structure of the forest and isolation of the host plant were of minor importance to the distribution of the PLS. Based on a series of experiments, the mechanisms underlying the effects of these environmental variables on PLS abundance were elucidated. Tall palmettos have a greater abundance of PLS because they are 2.5 times more likely to be colonized than small palmettos. Tall palmettos do not represent better hosts (in terms of PLS survival to pupation, pupal length, or risk of parasitism). Similarly, an open understory increased colonization by two-fold, relative to a shrub understory, but understory type had no effect on host quality. Wet soils greatly reduced palmetto quality as a host (survival and pupal length), but only for the smallest palmettos (<0.75 m height). Finally, corroborating the survey data, my dispersal experiment revealed that the PLS is a strong flier and that local PLS populations (i.e., infested palmettos) are likely well connected by dispersal. I conclude by discussing how landscape-level changes at Sherburne Wildlife Management Area, owing to recent hurricane activity, could affect the risk of palmetto infestation by the PLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
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Creese C, Lee A, Sack L. Drivers of morphological diversity and distribution in the Hawaiian fern flora: trait associations with size, growth form, and environment. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:956-66. [PMID: 21653508 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Hawaii is home to 238 native and 35 alien fern and lycophyte taxa distributed across steep gradients in elevation and resource availability. The fern flora spans a wide range of growth forms, with extraordinary diversity in morphology and plant size. Yet the potential factors underlying this diversity have remained enigmatic. METHODS We used a trait database generated from the most recent and comprehensive survey of Hawaiian ferns and lycophytes to test hypotheses of size-scaling and trait associations with environment and growth form as factors underlying this diversity. We also tested relationships among morphology, taxon abundance and distribution and identified key differences between native and alien taxa. KEY RESULTS Strong trait-trait relationships included geometric scaling of plant dimensions with a tendency for more divided fronds in larger ferns. Trait-environment relationships independent of size included more divided fronds at higher elevation, longer blades in shaded habitats, and fronds with shorter stipes and fewer pinnae in drier habitats. Growth forms differed in mean size with epiphytic and epipetric taxa smaller than terrestrial ferns. Plant size was independent of taxon abundance and distribution across islands, and native and alien ferns did not differ in mean size. Alien taxa were more abundant, especially at lower elevations, apparently due to human land use. CONCLUSIONS These relationships point to linkages of fern form and demography with biogeography and highlight potential flora-scale physiological and morphological adaptations in ferns across contrasting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Creese
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Box 951606, Los Angeles, California 90095-1606, USA.
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Gazol A, Ibáñez R. Plant species composition in a temperate forest: Multi-scale patterns and determinants. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kao WY, Lin BL. Phototropic leaf movements and photosynthetic performance in an amphibious fern, Marsilea quadrifolia. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2010; 123:645-53. [PMID: 20091204 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-009-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal phototropism has not been reported in ferns. In this study we found that the four leaflets of the amphibious fern Marsilea quadrifolia are capable of adjusting their leaflet angle and leaflet azimuth in response to changes in the position of the sun's direct beam, exhibiting more diaphototropic movements (orienting the plane of the lamina perpendicular to incident light) in the morning and late afternoon, and more paraphototropic movements (orienting the plane of the lamina parallel to incident light) at noon. In addition, by cutting off the leaflet lamina and covering portions of leaflets with black tape, the junction between the leaflet and petiole was found to be responsible for light reception. Among the light spectrum investigated, blue light was the most effective at inducing diaphototropism. The role of diurnal phototropism in enhancing carbon return and ameliorating photoinhibition was also evaluated. It was concluded that diurnal phototropic leaf movement represents one of the plastic responses enabling this amphibious fern to grow under terrestrial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Kao
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pinto SM, MacDougall AS. Dispersal Limitation and Environmental Structure Interact to Restrict the Occupation of Optimal Habitat. Am Nat 2010; 175:675-86. [PMID: 20397925 DOI: 10.1086/652467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Pinto
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Matthews JW, Peralta AL, Flanagan DN, Baldwin PM, Soni A, Kent AD, Endress AG. Relative influence of landscape vs. local factors on plant community assembly in restored wetlands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2009; 19:2108-2123. [PMID: 20014582 DOI: 10.1890/08-1836.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration often involves only the manipulation of abiotic factors at the local scale. However, processes external to a restoration site determine the range of local conditions within the site, constraining the level of restoration progress that can be achieved by on-site manipulations. We examined the relationship of landscape and local explanatory variables to plant species composition in 28 restored wetlands in Illinois, USA. Using constrained ordination combined with variation partitioning, we determined the independent and joint effects of three spatially hierarchical sets of variables: (1) macroscale landscape features reflecting site setting within regional landscapes, (2) mesoscale landscape features reflecting nearby propagule sources and buffers from disturbances, and (3) local environmental factors. Because the relative influence of landscape- vs. local-scale factors on restoration success may depend on particular restoration goals, we repeated the analyses using three multivariate plant community responses that represented three frequently stated goals: (1) replicating species composition, (2) restoring a particular wetland community type, and (3) constructing sites with high value for plant conservation. Explanatory variables at landscape and local scales had independent and nearly equally strong relationships to plant species composition. In contrast, when species were aggregated based on plant traits, the independent contribution of local predictors was greater than the independent contributions of macroscale or mesoscale landscape predictors, reflecting convergence of plant trait composition in sites with similar local conditions. Local predictors explained a significant amount of variation in plant conservation value among sites, but much of the variation could be explained by large-scale landscape setting, indicating that landscape constraints on local environmental conditions limited the level of floristic conservation value achievable. The appropriate scale at which to focus restoration efforts will vary depending upon restoration objectives. Restoration of particular wetland community types might be successfully achieved through manipulation of local abiotic factors. In contrast, restoration of a particular species assemblage or reconstruction of wetlands with high value for conservation requires consideration of landscape processes and available species pools.
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