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Ouchi S, Wilson L, Wabnitz CC, Golden CD, Beaudreau AH, Kenny TA, Singh GG, Cheung WW, Chan HM, Salomon AK. Opposing trends in fisheries portfolio diversity at harvester and community scales signal opportunities for adaptation. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms that promote social-ecological resilience can inform future adaptation strategies. Among seafood dependent communities, these can be illuminated by assessing change among fisheries portfolios. Here, in collaboration with a Coast Salish Nation in British Columbia, Canada, we used expert Indigenous knowledge and network analyses to chronicle differences in fisheries portfolios pre and post a social-ecological regime shift. We then evaluated key drivers of change using semi-structured interviews. We found that while portfolios decreased in diversity of seafood types harvested and consumed among individuals overtime, portfolios increased in their diversification at the community level because more similar seafoods within less diverse individual portfolios were more commonly harvested and consumed by the Nation as a whole. Thus, diversity can operate simultaneously in opposing directions at different scales of organization. Experts identified four key mechanisms driving these changes, including commercial activities controlled by a centralized governance regime, intergenerational knowledge loss, adaptive learning to new ecological and economic opportunities, and the trading of seafood with other Indigenous communities. Unexpectedly, increased predation by marine mammals was also flagged as a key driver of change. Adaptation strategies that support access to and governance of diverse fisheries, exchange of seafoods among communities, and knowledge transfer among generations would promote social-ecological resilience, food security, and community well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ouchi
- School of Resource & Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lori Wilson
- Powell River, British Columbia, V8A 0C4, Canada
| | - Colette C.C. Wabnitz
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher D. Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, Canada
| | - Anne H. Beaudreau
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Tiff-Annie Kenny
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gerald G. Singh
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8P 5C2; Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s Newfoundland, Canada, A1B 3X9; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - William W.L. Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa. Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Anne K. Salomon
- School of Resource & Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Slade E, McKechnie I, Salomon AK. Archaeological and Contemporary Evidence Indicates Low Sea Otter Prevalence on the Pacific Northwest Coast During the Late Holocene. Ecosystems 2021; 25:548-566. [PMID: 35509679 PMCID: PMC9016008 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The historic extirpation and subsequent recovery of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have profoundly changed coastal social-ecological systems across the northeastern Pacific. Today, the conservation status of sea otters is informed by estimates of population carrying capacity or growth rates independent of human impacts. However, archaeological and ethnographic evidence suggests that for millennia, complex hunting and management protocols by Indigenous communities limited sea otter abundance near human settlements to reduce the negative impacts of this keystone predator on shared shellfish prey. To assess relative sea otter prevalence in the Holocene, we compared the size structure of ancient California mussels (Mytilus californianus) from six archaeological sites in two regions on the Pacific Northwest Coast, to modern California mussels at locations with and without sea otters. We also quantified modern mussel size distributions from eight locations on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, varying in sea otter occupation time. Comparisons of mussel size spectra revealed that ancient mussel size distributions are consistently more similar to modern size distributions at locations with a prolonged absence of sea otters. This indicates that late Holocene sea otters were maintained well below carrying capacity near human settlements as a result of human intervention. These findings illuminate the conditions under which sea otters and humans persisted over millennia prior to the Pacific maritime fur trade and raise important questions about contemporary conservation objectives for an iconic marine mammal and the social-ecological system in which it is embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Slade
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Iain McKechnie
- Historical Ecology & Coastal Archaeology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Cornett B246a, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2 Canada
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, Quadra Island, British Columbia Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0 Canada
| | - Anne K. Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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Benner J, Nielsen J, Lertzman K. Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge to Understand the Diversity and Abundance of Culturally Important Trees. J ETHNOBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-41.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Benner
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Julie Nielsen
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Ken Lertzman
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6, Canada
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Avila-Poveda OH. Large-scale project ‘Chiton of the Mexican Tropical Pacific’: Chiton articulatus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.6.e60446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine mollusc, commonly called sea cockroach or chiton Chiton articulatus, is a mollusc belonging to the group known as Polyplacophora because its shell is composed of eight individual plates. This mollusc inhabits the rocky intertidal shore of the Mexican Tropical Pacific, where it is endemic. It has ecological, but also economic, importance. Ecologically, it is the preferred food of the snail Plicopurpura pansa, a protected species, in the cultural heritage of the country. Additionally, it is a basibiont (generates substrate for other individuals) that maintains the biodiversity of the Region. Economically, it has changed from artisanal consumption to become a culinary tourist attraction, offered at restaurants as an exotic and aphrodisiac dish, in tourist places like Huatulco or Acapulco. Despite being an exploited resource for decades, little is known about its life history. The Mexican Authorities have not yet recognised this mollusc as a fishing resource, so that it does not have any law that controls its extraction, sale and consumption, putting at risk the recruitment, survival and permanence of this species. The goal of this project is the preservation and support for the management of the species. The Project "Quiton del Pacifico Tropical Mexicano" seeks to provide the biological, ecological, reproductive, genetic, anatomical and morphometric bases of the populations of Chiton articulatus. The project was structured in four stages: 1) field sampling and obtaining samples, 2) disclosure and presentation of the project, 3) inclusion of students at the undergraduate and graduate level, 4) application of results. The inclusion and recognition of C. articulatus as a fishing resource will achieve impact at the national and regional level through the implementation of laws that regulate its fishing, as well as its inclusion in management and food security policies. Additionally, this Mexican Chiton Project is currently replicating with chiton species in Galapagos, Ecuador.
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Burt JM, Wilson ḴBJ, Malchoff T, Mack WA, Davidson SHA, Gitkinjuaas, Salomon AK. Enabling coexistence: Navigating predator‐induced regime shifts in human‐ocean systems. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenn M. Burt
- School of Resource & Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay BC Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne K. Salomon
- School of Resource & Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay BC Canada
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Ban NC, Frid A, Reid M, Edgar B, Shaw D, Siwallace P. Incorporate Indigenous perspectives for impactful research and effective management. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 2:1680-1683. [PMID: 30349090 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Alejandro Frid
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Central Coast Indigenous Resource Alliance, Campbell River, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mike Reid
- Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department, Heiltsuk First Nation, Bella Bella, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barry Edgar
- Kitasoo/Xai'xais Integrated Resource Authority, Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation, Klemtu, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danielle Shaw
- Wuikinuxv Resource Stewardship, Wuikinuxv Nation, Wuikinuxv, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Siwallace
- Nuxalk Stewardship Office, Nuxalk Nation, Bella Coola, British Columbia, Canada
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Hallwass G, Schiavetti A, Silvano RAM. Fishers’ knowledge indicates temporal changes in composition and abundance of fishing resources in Amazon protected areas. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Hallwass
- Federal University of Western Pará Oriximiná Brazil
- Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO) UNISANTA Santos Brazil
| | - A. Schiavetti
- Laboratório de Etnoconservação e Áreas Protegidas (LECAP) Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC) Ilhéus Brazil
- Investigador Asociado do CESIMAR CENPAT Chubut Argentina
| | - R. A. M. Silvano
- Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO) UNISANTA Santos Brazil
- Departament of Ecology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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Rechsteiner EU, Watson JC, Tinker MT, Nichol LM, Morgan Henderson MJ, McMillan CJ, DeRoos M, Fournier MC, Salomon AK, Honka LD, Darimont CT. Sex and occupation time influence niche space of a recovering keystone predator. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3321-3334. [PMID: 30962895 PMCID: PMC6434543 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Predators exert strong effects on ecological communities, particularly when they re-occupy areas after decades of extirpation. Within species, such effects can vary over time and by sex and cascade across trophic levels. We used a space-for-time substitution to make foraging observations of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) across a gradient of reoccupation time (1-30 years), and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis to ask whether (a) sea otter niche space varies as a function of occupation time and (b) whether niche space varies by sex. We found that niche space varied among areas of different occupation times. Dietary niches at short occupation times were dominated by urchins (Mesocentrotus and Strongylocentrotus spp; >60% of diets) in open habitats at 10-40 m depths. At longer occupation times, niches were dominated by small clams (Veneroida; >30% diet), mussels (Mytilus spp; >20% diet), and crab (Decapoda; >10% diet) in shallow (<10 m) kelp habitats. Diet diversity was lowest (H' = 1.46) but energy rich (~37 kcal/min) at the earliest occupied area and highest, but energy poor (H' = 2.63, ~9 kcal/min) at the longest occupied area. A similar transition occurred through time at a recently occupied area. We found that niche space also differed between sexes, with bachelor males consuming large clams (>60%), and urchins (~25%) from deep waters (>40 m), and females and territorial males consuming smaller, varied prey from shallow waters (<10 m). Bachelor male diets were less diverse (H' = 2.21) but more energy rich (~27 kcal/min) than territorial males (H' = 2.54, ~13 kcal/min) and females (H' = 2.74, ~11 kcal/min). Given recovering predators require adequate food and space, and the ecological interactions they elicit, we emphasize the importance of investigating niche space over the duration of recovery and considering sex-based differences in these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin U. Rechsteiner
- Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jane C. Watson
- Vancouver Island UniversityNanaimoBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - M. Tim Tinker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California at Santa CruzSanta CruzCalifornia
- Nhydra Ecological ConsultingSt. Margaret's BayNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Linda M. Nichol
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaPacific Biological StationNanaimoBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Christie J. McMillan
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Marine Education and Research SocietyPort McNeillBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Mike DeRoos
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Anne K. Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental ManagementSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Leah D. Honka
- Salmon Watersheds ProgramPacific Salmon FoundationVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Chris T. Darimont
- Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
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9
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Lee LC, Thorley J, Watson J, Reid M, Salomon AK. Diverse knowledge systems reveal social–ecological dynamics that inform species conservation status. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Chi Lee
- School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Joe Thorley
- Poisson Consulting Ltd. Nelson British Columbia Canada
| | - Jane Watson
- Biology Department Vancouver Island University Nanaimo British Columbia Canada
| | - Mike Reid
- Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department Bella Bella British Columbia Canada
| | - Anne Katherine Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
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Abadia-Chanona QY, Avila-Poveda OH, Arellano-Martinez M, Ceballos-Vazquez BP, Benitez-Villalobos F, Parker GA, Rodriguez-Dominguez G, Garcia-Ibañez S. Reproductive traits and relative gonad expenditure of the sexes of the free spawning Chiton articulatus(Mollusca: Polyplacophora). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2018.1514670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quetzalli Yasu Abadia-Chanona
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (FACIMAR), Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (FACIMAR), Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Direccion de Catedras-CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcial Arellano-Martinez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Bertha Patricia Ceballos-Vazquez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | | | - Geoff A. Parker
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Sergio Garcia-Ibañez
- Unidad Academica de Ecologia Marina, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
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Huntington HP, Quakenbush LT, Nelson M. Effects of changing sea ice on marine mammals and subsistence hunters in northern Alaska from traditional knowledge interviews. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2016.0198. [PMID: 27555644 PMCID: PMC5014017 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals are important sources of food for indigenous residents of northern Alaska. Changing sea ice patterns affect the animals themselves as well as access to them by hunters. Documenting the traditional knowledge of Iñupiaq and Yupik hunters concerning marine mammals and sea ice makes accessible a wide range of information relevant to understanding the ecosystem to which humans belong. We interviewed hunters in 11 coastal villages from the northern Bering Sea to the Beaufort Sea. Hunters reported extensive changes in sea ice and weather that have affected the timing of marine mammal migrations, their distribution and behaviour and the efficacy of certain hunting methods. Amidst these changes, however, hunters cited offsetting technological benefits, such as more powerful and fuel-efficient outboard engines. Other concerns included potential impacts to subsistence hunting from industrial activity such as shipping and oil and gas development. While hunters have been able to adjust to some changes, continued environmental changes and increased disturbance from human activity may further challenge their ability to acquire food in the future. There are indications, however, that innovation and flexibility provide sources of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry P Huntington
- Huntington Consulting, 23834 The Clearing Drive, Eagle River, AK 99577, USA
| | - Lori T Quakenbush
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99701, USA
| | - Mark Nelson
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99701, USA
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12
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Morales EMQ, Lepofsky D, Berkes F. Ethnobiology and Fisheries: Learning from the Past for the Present. J ETHNOBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-37.3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Lee LC, Watson JC, Trebilco R, Salomon AK. Indirect effects and prey behavior mediate interactions between an endangered prey and recovering predator. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Lee
- School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia V0P 1H0 Canada
| | - J. C. Watson
- Biology Department Vancouver Island University Nanaimo British Columbia V9R 5S5 Canada
| | - R. Trebilco
- Biology Department Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - A. K. Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia V0P 1H0 Canada
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Ramires M, Clauzet M, Barrella W, Rotundo MM, Silvano RA, Begossi A. Fishers' knowledge about fish trophic interactions in the southeastern Brazilian coast. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2015; 11:19. [PMID: 25889226 PMCID: PMC4359786 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data derived from studies of fishers' local ecological knowledge (LEK) can be invaluable to the proposal of new studies and more appropriate management strategies. This study analyzed the fisher's LEK about trophic relationships of fishes in the southeastern Brazilian coast, comparing fishers' LEK with scientific knowledge to provide new hypotheses. METHODS The initial contacts with fishers were made through informal visits in their residences, to explain the research goals, meet fishers and their families, check the number of resident fishers and ask for fishers' consent to participate in the research. After this initial contact, fishers were selected to be included in the interviews through the technique of snowball sampling. The fishers indicated by others who attended the criteria to be included in the research were interviewed by using a semi-structured standard questionnaire. RESULTS There were interviewed 26 artisanal fishers from three communities of the Ilhabela: Jabaquara, Fome and Serraria. The interviewed fishers showed a detailed knowledge about the trophic interactions of the studied coastal fishes, as fishers mentioned 17 food items for these fishes and six fish and three mammals as fish predators. The most mentioned food items were small fish, shrimps and crabs, while the most mentioned predators were large reef fishes. Fishers also mentioned some predators, such as sea otters, that have not been reported by the biological literature and are poorly known. CONCLUSIONS The LEK of the studied fishers showed a high degree of concordance with the scientific literature regarding fish diet. This study evidenced the value of fishers' LEK to improve fisheries research and management, as well as the needy to increase the collaboration among managers, biologists and fishers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ramires
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana, Programa de Pós Graduação em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (ECOMAR), Universidade Santa Cecília - UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Mota, 08. Bloco F, Santos, SP, CEP: 11045-040, Brazil.
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO/UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Motta, 08. Sala 82 F, Santos, SP, CEP:11045-040, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Clauzet
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana, Programa de Pós Graduação em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (ECOMAR), Universidade Santa Cecília - UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Mota, 08. Bloco F, Santos, SP, CEP: 11045-040, Brazil.
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO/UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Motta, 08. Sala 82 F, Santos, SP, CEP:11045-040, Brazil.
| | - Walter Barrella
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana, Programa de Pós Graduação em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (ECOMAR), Universidade Santa Cecília - UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Mota, 08. Bloco F, Santos, SP, CEP: 11045-040, Brazil.
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO/UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Motta, 08. Sala 82 F, Santos, SP, CEP:11045-040, Brazil.
| | - Matheus M Rotundo
- Acervo Zoológico da Universidade Santa Cecília (AZUSC), Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 266, Santos, SP, CEP: 11045-907, Brazil.
| | - Renato Am Silvano
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO/UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Motta, 08. Sala 82 F, Santos, SP, CEP:11045-040, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15007, CEP: 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alpina Begossi
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana, Programa de Pós Graduação em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (ECOMAR), Universidade Santa Cecília - UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Mota, 08. Bloco F, Santos, SP, CEP: 11045-040, Brazil.
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO/UNISANTA, Rua Cesário Motta, 08. Sala 82 F, Santos, SP, CEP:11045-040, Brazil.
- CAPESCA/NEPA/UNICAMP, Rua Albert Einstein 291, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-852, Brazil.
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Singh GG, Markel RW, Martone RG, Salomon AK, Harley CDG, Chan KMA. Sea otters homogenize mussel beds and reduce habitat provisioning in a rocky intertidal ecosystem. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65435. [PMID: 23717697 PMCID: PMC3663835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are keystone predators that consume a variety of benthic invertebrates, including the intertidal mussel, Mytilus californianus. By virtue of their competitive dominance, large size, and longevity, M. californianus are ecosystem engineers that form structurally complex beds that provide habitat for diverse invertebrate communities. We investigated whether otters affect mussel bed characteristics (i.e. mussel length distributions, mussel bed depth, and biomass) and associated community structure (i.e. biomass, alpha and beta diversity) by comparing four regions that varied in their histories of sea otter occupancy on the west coast of British Columbia and northern Washington. Mussel bed depth and average mussel lengths were 1.5 times lower in regions occupied by otters for >20 years than those occupied for <5 yrs. Diversity of mussel bed associated communities did not differ between regions; however, the total biomass of species associated with mussel beds was more than three-times higher where sea otters were absent. We examined alternative explanations for differences in mussel bed community structure, including among-region variation in oceanographic conditions and abundance of the predatory sea star Pisaster ochraceus. We cannot discount multiple drivers shaping mussel beds, but our findings indicate the sea otters are an important one. We conclude that, similar to their effects on subtidal benthic invertebrates, sea otters reduce the size distributions of intertidal mussels and, thereby, habitat available to support associated communities. Our study indicates that by reducing populations of habitat-providing intertidal mussels, sea otters may have substantial indirect effects on associated communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald G Singh
- Institute for Resources, Environment & Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Hallwass G, Lopes PF, Juras AA, Silvano RAM. Fishers' knowledge identifies environmental changes and fish abundance trends in impounded tropical rivers. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 23:392-407. [PMID: 23634590 DOI: 10.1890/12-0429.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The long-term impacts of large hydroelectric dams on small-scale fisheries in tropical rivers are poorly known. A promising way to investigate such impacts is to compare and integrate the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of resource users with biological data for the same region. We analyzed the accuracy of fishers' LEK to investigate fisheries dynamics and environmental changes in the Lower Tocantins River (Brazilian Amazon) downstream from a large dam. We estimated fishers' LEK through interviews with 300 fishers in nine villages and collected data on 601 fish landings in five of these villages, 22 years after the dam's establishment (2006-2008). We compared these two databases with each other and with data on fish landings from before the dam's establishment (1981) gathered from the literature. The data obtained based on the fishers' LEK (interviews) and from fisheries agreed regarding the primary fish species caught, the most commonly used type of fishing gear (gill nets) and even the most often used gill net mesh sizes but disagreed regarding seasonal fish abundance. According to the interviewed fishers, the primary environmental changes that occurred after the impoundment were an overall decrease in fish abundance, an increase in the abundance of some fish species and, possibly, the local extinction of a commercial fish species (Semaprochilodus brama). These changes were corroborated by comparing fish landings sampled before and 22 years after the impoundment, which indicated changes in the composition of fish landings and a decrease in the total annual fish production. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that large dams may adversely affect small-scale fisheries downstream and establish a feasible approach for applying fishers' LEK to fisheries management, especially in regions with a low research capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Hallwass
- PPG/Ecologia and Departmento Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15007, Porto Alegre, RS 91501 970, Brazil
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Loring PA. Alternative perspectives on the sustainability of Alaska's commercial fisheries. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2013; 27:55-63. [PMID: 22988912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many believe commercial fisheries in Alaska (U.S.A.) are sustainability success stories, but ongoing socioeconomic problems across the state raise questions about how this sustainability is being defined and evaluated. Problems such as food insecurity and the disenfranchisement of Alaska Natives from fishing rights are well documented, yet these concerns are obscured by marketing campaigns that convey images of flourishing fishing communities and initiatives to certify Alaska's fisheries as responsibly managed. Fisheries management mandates and approaches built on such metrics and technologies as maximum sustainable yield and systems of tradable quotas actually serve to constrain, circumscribe, and marginalize some Alaskans' opportunities for effecting change in how the benefits of these fisheries are allocated. Beneath the narrative of sustainability, these management technologies perpetuate a cognitive ecological model of sustainability that is oriented to single-species outcomes, that casts people as parasites, and thus assumes the necessity of trade-offs between biological and social goals. Alternative cognitive models are available that draw metaphors from different ecological concepts such as keystone species and mutualisms. Such models, when used to inform management approaches, may improve societal outcomes in Alaska and elsewhere by promoting food security and sustainability through diversified natural resource harvest strategies that are more flexible and responsive to environmental variability and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Loring
- The Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy, University of Alaska Fairbanks, PO Box 755910, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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McClenachan L, Ferretti F, Baum JK. From archives to conservation: why historical data are needed to set baselines for marine animals and ecosystems. Conserv Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2012.00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loren McClenachan
- Department of Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, USA
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Julia K. Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 British Columbia, Canada
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DOONAN JAMES, BEATTY GEMMAE, SIGWART JULIAD, PROVAN JIM. Extensive local-scale gene flow and long-term population stability in the intertidal mollusc Katharina tunicata (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anderson SC, Flemming JM, Watson R, Lotze HK. Rapid global expansion of invertebrate fisheries: trends, drivers, and ecosystem effects. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14735. [PMID: 21408090 PMCID: PMC3050978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, finfish fisheries are receiving increasing assessment and regulation, slowly leading to more sustainable exploitation and rebuilding. In their wake, invertebrate fisheries are rapidly expanding with little scientific scrutiny despite increasing socio-economic importance. Methods and Findings We provide the first global evaluation of the trends, drivers, and population and ecosystem consequences of invertebrate fisheries based on a global catch database in combination with taxa-specific reviews. We also develop new methodologies to quantify temporal and spatial trends in resource status and fishery development. Since 1950, global invertebrate catches have increased 6-fold with 1.5 times more countries fishing and double the taxa reported. By 2004, 34% of invertebrate fisheries were over-exploited, collapsed, or closed. New fisheries have developed increasingly rapidly, with a decrease of 6 years (3 years) in time to peak from the 1950s to 1990s. Moreover, some fisheries have expanded further and further away from their driving market, encompassing a global fishery by the 1990s. 71% of taxa (53% of catches) are harvested with habitat-destructive gear, and many provide important ecosystem functions including habitat, filtration, and grazing. Conclusions Our findings suggest that invertebrate species, which form an important component of the basis of marine food webs, are increasingly exploited with limited stock and ecosystem-impact assessments, and enhanced management attention is needed to avoid negative consequences for ocean ecosystems and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Anderson
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Wyndham FS, Lepofsky D, Tiffany S. Taking Stock In Ethnobiology: Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? J ETHNOBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-31.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Salomon AK, Gaichas SK, Shears NT, Smith JE, Madin EMP, Gaines SD. Key features and context-dependence of fishery-induced trophic cascades. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2010; 24:382-394. [PMID: 20151987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trophic cascades triggered by fishing have profound implications for marine ecosystems and the socioeconomic systems that depend on them. With the number of reported cases quickly growing, key features and commonalities have emerged. Fishery-induced trophic cascades often display differential response times and nonlinear trajectories among trophic levels and can be accompanied by shifts in alternative states. Furthermore, their magnitude appears to be context dependent, varying as a function of species diversity, regional oceanography, local physical disturbance, habitat complexity, and the nature of the fishery itself. To conserve and manage exploited marine ecosystems, there is a pressing need for an improved understanding of the conditions that promote or inhibit the cascading consequences of fishing. Future research should investigate how the trophic effects of fishing interact with other human disturbances, identify strongly interacting species and ecosystem features that confer resilience to exploitation, determine ranges of predator depletion that elicit trophic cascades, pinpoint antecedents that signal ecosystem state shifts, and quantify variation in trophic rates across oceanographic conditions. This information will advance predictive models designed to forecast the trophic effects of fishing and will allow managers to better anticipate and avoid fishery-induced trophic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Salomon
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6150, USA.
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