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Peron PF, Wehrbein H, Mundethu A, Schmidtmann I, Erbe C. Clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with multibracket appliances: a prospective clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 38443926 PMCID: PMC10913366 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the presented study was to investigate changes in clinical parameters and active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients before and during treatment with multibrackets appliances. METHODS Fifty-five adolescents scheduled for the treatment were included. Clinical parameters and subgingival samples were obtained at six time points: 1 week before appliance insertion (T0), 3 (T1), 6 (T2) weeks, 3 (T3), 6 (T4) months, and 1 year (T5) after that. Gingival index and plaque index were assessed to evaluated changes on the clinical status. Subgingival samples were collected to analyze changes in aMMP-8. RESULTS Scores for gingival and plaque index increased after bracket insertion. The gingival index increased from T2 (p < 0.05) until T5 (p < 0.0001). Plaque index also increased, reaching its maximum peak at T3 (p < 0.05). Moreover, an increase of aMMP-8 levels (p < 0.05) was noted. There was no significant between upper and lower jaws. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with multibracket appliances in adolescents favors dental plaque accumulation and may transitionally increase gingival and plaque index and aMMP-8 levels leading to gingival inflammation, even 1 year after therapy began. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the dental medical association Rheiland-Pfalz, Germany (process no. 837.340.12 (8441-F)), and followed the guidelines of Good Clinical Practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferrari Peron
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambili Mundethu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Erbe
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Mohammed-Salih HS, Al-lami HA, Saloom HF, Abdulkareem AA, Al-Obaidi JR, Razali N. Detection of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption-associated biomarkers from the gingival crevicular fluid by proteomics analysis: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:157. [PMID: 37151999 PMCID: PMC10154447 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is an undesirable complication of orthodontic treatment (OT) with an ambiguous aetiologic mechanism. This study aimed to identify OIIRR-associated biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using proteomic analysis. In this randomized clinical trial, the upper first premolars (UFP) were exposed either to light or heavy force. The GCF was collected at 1 h, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days following force application. After extraction of UFP, roots were imaged and resorption premolar, was used to deliver either light forcecraters were measured. Proteomic analysis of GCF was performed using 2D gel electrophoresis with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. Results were further analyzed by bioinformatics analyses showing the biological functions and predicted pathways. The predicted canonical pathways showed that the expression of immunoglobulin kappa (IGKC), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), neurolysin mitochondrial (NEUL), keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 (K2C1), S100-A9, and the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) were significantly associated with a range of biological and inflammatory processes. In conclusion, up-regulation of S100A9, CASR, and K2C1 suggested a response to force-related inflammation, chemotactic activities, osteoclastogenesis, and epithelial cell breakdown. Meanwhile, the up-regulation of IGKC, NGAL, and K2C1 indicated a response to the inflammatory process, innate immunity activation, and epithelial cell breakdown. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03572-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadeel Adel Al-lami
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011 Iraq
| | - Hayder F. Saloom
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011 Iraq
| | - Ali Abbas Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011 Iraq
| | - Jameel R. Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak Malaysia
| | - Nurhanani Razali
- Membranology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-kun, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
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Alkimavičienė E, Pušinskaitė R, Basevičienė N, Banienė R, Savickienė N, Pacauskienė IM. Efficacy of Proanthocyanidins in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy. Int Dent J 2023; 73:195-204. [PMID: 36167610 PMCID: PMC10023589 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of proanthocyanidins (PACNs) as an adjunctive periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis. METHODS Patients with periodontitis (stage III-IV) were included in this randomised clinical study. Patients with periodontitis received 2 different treatment modalities: minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy only (MINST group) or minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy and subgingival application of collagen hydrogels with PACNs (MINST + PACNs group). Clinical periodontal parameters, that is, pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), were evaluated before treatment and after 8 weeks. Concentrations of immunologic markers, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in saliva were assessed at baseline and at 8-week follow-up. RESULTS Forty-six patients diagnosed with periodontitis were randomised into 2 groups: 23 patients in the MINST group and 23 patients in the MINST + PACNs group received the intended treatment. PACNs combined with MINST resulted in additional statistically significant PPD reduction and CAL gain in moderate periodontal pockets by 0.5 mm (P < .05) on average compared to MINST alone. Additional use of PACNs did not result in additional statistically significant improvement of BOP or PI values. Application of PACNs showed significant reduction of MMP-3 levels in saliva after 8 weeks (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive use of PACNs in MINST resulted in better clinical outcomes for moderate pockets. Additional use of PACNs improved MMP-3 concentration in saliva more than MINST alone. Biochemical analysis revealed that MMP-3 concentration in saliva reflected the periodontal health state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Alkimavičienė
- Department of Dental and Oral Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rasa Pušinskaitė
- Department of Dental and Oral Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nomeda Basevičienė
- Department of Dental and Oral Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Banienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nijolė Savickienė
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Paqué PN, Hjerppe J, Zuercher AN, Jung RE, Joda T. Salivary biomarkers as key to monitor personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry: A scoping review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:1003679. [PMID: 36338569 PMCID: PMC9632857 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1003679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized Oral Healthcare has recently become the new trend word in medicine and dentistry. In this context, saliva diagnostics using various biomarkers seem to be the gateway to personalized dental diagnostics and therapy. But the terminology is not (yet) uniformly defined, furthermore it is unclear to what extent which salivary markers play a relevant role in the therapeutic decision making. In this Scoping Review, an electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases using medical subject headings (MESH terms) “saliva”, “biomarker”, “personality/persons”, and “dentistry”. Only human studies were included, in which repeated salivary measurements were performed to analyze monitoring effects with at least ten patients per group. PRISMA-ScR and Tricco guidelines were followed: (i) to examine what salivary biomarkers have been explored in terms of personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry, (ii) to investigate the clinical relevance for oral health and its correlation to systemic health, and (iii) to summarize an outlook for future developments based on these results. Out of 899 studies, a total of 57 were included for data extraction in this Scoping Review, mainly focusing on periodontal therapy and patient monitoring. Salivary biomarkers have shown the potential to change the field of dentistry in all dental disciplines as a key for personalized workflows. The increasing interest in dental research is obvious, demonstrated by the growing number of publications in recent years. At this time, however, the predominant discipline is periodontology, which allows biomarker-based monitoring of the disease prevention and progression. The studies included showed heterogeneous methods using manifolds biomarkers. Therefore, no uniformly accepted concept can be presented today. Further clinical research with well-defined outcomes including standardized procedures is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pune Nina Paqué
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jenni Hjerppe
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anina N. Zuercher
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronald E. Jung
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Joda
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Tim Joda
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Kim HN. Changes in salivary matrix metalloproteinase-3, -8, and -9 concentrations after 6 weeks of non-surgical periodontal therapy. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:175. [PMID: 35562715 PMCID: PMC9101994 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies using salivary inflammatory biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of periodontal disease have garnered increased attention in recent years. The present study aimed to identify changes in clinical parameters and concentrations of salivary matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) following 6 weeks of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Methods A 6-week NSPT program was applied to 51 adults aged ≥ 20 years. The program involved scaling, root planing, and professional toothbrushing for healthy participants and those with periodontal disease. Patients with periodontal disease underwent professional toothbrushing during all three visits. Periodontal pocket depth (PD) and gingival bleeding were assessed at week 0, week 3, and week 6, and saliva samples were collected to measure the concentrations of MMP-3, -8, and -9. Results All clinical parameters were improved in the periodontal disease groups following the NSPT course. Compared with healthy participants, the patients with periodontal disease showed increased concentrations of salivary MMP-3, -8, and -9. During the 6-week program, patients with periodontal disease also showed significant reductions in PD and gingival bleeding during the third week; no significant reduction was found during the sixth week. Significant reductions in the concentrations of salivary MMP-3, -8, and -9 were also noted in the periodontal disease group at week 3. The sensitivity and specificity of MMP-3 for predicting periodontitis were 81.8% and 55.5%, respectively. Conclusion The present study found that NSPT resulted in reductions of salivary MMP-3, -8, and -9, and identified the potential of MMP-3 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. These findings may serve as foundational data for future studies into the development of diagnostic kits for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheonju, 28503, Korea.
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de Brouwer P, Bikker FJ, Brand HS, Kaman WE. Is TIMP-1 a biomarker for periodontal disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:235-245. [PMID: 34850390 PMCID: PMC9299605 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective One of the most important families of proteases associated with periodontal disease is the family of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Their activity is regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and an imbalance between MMP activity and regulation by TIMPs has been associated with the progression of periodontal disease. This strong interaction between TIMPs and MMPs might be an indication that TIMPs can be used as a biomarker to monitor periodontal disease progression in oral fluids. In particular, TIMP‐1 is a frequently studied biomarker for periodontal diseases. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding TIMP‐1 concentrations in oral fluids of patients suffering from periodontitis or gingivitis in comparison to healthy individuals. Material and Methods PubMed/ MedLine and Web of Science databases were searched electronically. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were systematically evaluated and assessed for eligibility and risk of bias. Meta‐analysis was performed through the random effects model to assess the association between periodontitis/gingivitis and TIMP‐1 concentration in stimulated saliva, unstimulated saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Results The search strategy provided a total of 322 studies of which 10 studies met all inclusion criteria. Two studies investigated TIMP‐1 concentrations in GCF, three studies in unstimulated saliva, and five studies investigated TIMP‐1 concentrations in stimulated saliva. Three studies revealed that TIMP‐1 levels in oral fluids were significantly decreased in periodontal disease. Meta‐analysis revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between TIMP‐1 concentration in oral fluids of periodontitis/gingivitis patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Conclusions This systematic review with meta‐analysis shows that periodontal diseases are not associated with a statistically significant change in TIMP‐1 concentration in oral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puk de Brouwer
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
| | - Henk S Brand
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Kang N, Xue F, Qiao J, Duan J, Chen F, Cai Y. Evaluation of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 34001101 PMCID: PMC8130171 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) are related to periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers and to build a prediction panel for diagnosing periodontal disease. Methods A total of 80 participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and divided into healthy (n = 25), gingivitis (n = 24), and periodontitis (n = 31) groups based on their periodontal exam results. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed and unstimulated saliva was collected. Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Their potentials for diagnosing periodontal disease were analyzed and combined prediction panels of periodontal disease were evaluated. Results As a single marker, IL-1β showed the best diagnostic value of the four markers evaluated and exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.88 with 90% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects, an AUC value of 0.80 with 83% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects and an AUC value of 0.66 with 68% sensitivity and 64% specificity for differentiating periodontitis subjects from gingivitis subjects. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg exhibited the highest efficacy for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.94) and gingivitis subjects (AUC = 0.77). The combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 exhibited the best ability to discriminate gingivitis from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.84). Conclusions Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg showed significant effectiveness for diagnosing periodontal disease. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg can be used to discriminate periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects and gingivitis subjects, and the combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 can be used to discriminate gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Kang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Duan
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, No.11 Beijing Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Validation and verification of predictive salivary biomarkers for oral health. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6406. [PMID: 33742017 PMCID: PMC7979790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is important not only due to the diseases emerging in the oral cavity but also due to the direct relation to systemic health. Thus, early and accurate characterization of the oral health status is of utmost importance. There are several salivary biomarkers as candidates for gingivitis and periodontitis, which are major oral health threats, affecting the gums. These need to be verified and validated for their potential use as differentiators of health, gingivitis and periodontitis status, before they are translated to chair-side for diagnostics and personalized monitoring. We aimed to measure 10 candidates using high sensitivity ELISAs in a well-controlled cohort of 127 individuals from three groups: periodontitis (60), gingivitis (31) and healthy (36). The statistical approaches included univariate statistical tests, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) with the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. The main outcomes were that the combination of multiple biomarker assays, rather than the use of single ones, can offer a predictive accuracy of > 90% for gingivitis versus health groups; and 100% for periodontitis versus health and periodontitis versus gingivitis groups. Furthermore, ratios of biomarkers MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were also proven to be powerful differentiating values compared to the single biomarkers.
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Algohar A, Alqerban A. Levels of procalcitonin in saliva and peri-implant crevicular fluid in patients with peri-implant diseases and health. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104931. [PMID: 33113457 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the levels of procalcitonin in saliva and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) among healthy and peri-implant disease patients and correlate these levels with clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters. DESIGN Three groups of 20 participants each [Group-1: healthy, Group-2: peri-implant mucositis, and Group-3: peri-implantitis] were selected. Peri-implant plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and crestal bone loss was assessed. PICF and saliva samples were evaluated for procalcitonin levels and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for comparisons among the study groups. Multiple comparisons were considered for Post hoc two-group comparisons using Bonferroni-corrections. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis was used to analyze the correlation between procalcitonin levels of both fluids and clinical peri-implant parameters. RESULTS Group-3 demonstrated significantly higher values for peri-implant plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and crestal bone loss as compared to Group-1 and Group-2. Participants of both Group-2 and Group-3 reported significantly increased procalcitonin levels in saliva and PICF in comparison to Group-1. Significant positive correlations were found between PICF procalcitonin levels and bleeding on probing, probing depth, and crestal bone loss in Group-3 and significant positive correlation was found between PICF and bleeding on probing in Group-2. For salivary procalcitonin levels, a significant positive correlation was observed between procalcitonin and bleeding on probing in Group-3. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of this study suggests that procalcitonin might play a role in peri-implant inflammation, and higher procalcitonin levels is suggestive of a probable surrogate biomarker for peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Algohar
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Alqerban
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
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Tan A, Gürbüz N, Özbalci Fİ, Koşkan Ö, Yetkin Ay Z. Increase in serum and salivary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels with increased periodontal inflammation. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200276. [PMID: 32997091 PMCID: PMC7521419 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine serum and salivary levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and evaluate NGAL correlation with key anti-interleukin 10 (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) cytokines in different severities of periodontal diseases. We also calculated the systemic inflammation using the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) to evaluate its correlation with NGAL in the study groups. METHODOLOGY Eighty systemically healthy and non-smoking individuals were separated into four groups of 20: clinically healthy (Group 1), gingivitis (Group 2), stage I generalized periodontitis (Group 3, Grade A), and stage III generalized periodontitis (Group 4, Grade A). Sociodemographic characteristics and periodontal parameters were recorded, and PISA was calculated. The serum and salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and NGAL were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We observed a significant increase in serum and salivary NGAL levels from healthy to periodontitis groups (p=0.000). Group 2 presented significantly higher serum and salivary IL-10 levels and salivary IL-1β levels than Group 3 (p=0.000). Serum and salivary parameters (IL-1β, IL-10, and NGAL levels) were strongly positively correlated to periodontal parameters and PISA values (p=0.000). Groups 2 and 3 showed overlapping PISA values. CONCLUSION The overlapping PISA values found in Groups 2 and 3 suggest that gingivitis might progress to a systemic inflammatory burden somewhat comparable to stage I periodontitis. This finding is supported by the higher serum and salivary cytokines/mediators levels in the gingivitis group than in stage I periodontitis group. Serum and salivary NGAL levels increased proportionally to disease severity and PISA. NGAL seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, within the limitation of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Tan
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Gürbüz
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Furkan İlker Özbalci
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özgür Koşkan
- Isparta University of Applied Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biometrics, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Yetkin Ay
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Isparta, Turkey
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Papathanasiou E, Conti P, Carinci F, Lauritano D, Theoharides TC. IL-1 Superfamily Members and Periodontal Diseases. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1425-1434. [PMID: 32758110 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520945209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex, multifactorial chronic disease involving continuous interactions among bacteria, host immune/inflammatory responses, and modifying genetic and environmental factors. More than any other cytokine family, the interleukin (IL)-1 family includes key signaling molecules that trigger and perpetuate periodontal inflammation. Over the years, the IL-1 family expanded to include 11 members of cytokines, some with agonist activity (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ), receptor antagonists (IL-1Ra, IL-36Ra), and 2 anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-37, IL-38). The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has emerged as a pivotal player in the defense against periodontitis. IL-33 primarily induces the production of Th2-associated cytokines but acts as an "alarmin" via stimulation of mast cells. The IL-36 subclass of cytokines may be important in regulating mucosal inflammation and homeostasis. IL-37 suppresses innate and acquired immune responses. IL-38 is the most recent member of the IL-1 superfamily and has anti-inflammatory properties similar to those of IL-37 but through different receptors. However, limited evidence exists regarding the role of IL-37 and IL-38 in periodontitis. Despite the development of IL-1 blocking agents, therapeutic blockade of select IL-1 family members for periodontitis has only been partially investigated in preclinical and clinical research, while the development of IL-37 and IL-38 as novel anti-inflammatory drugs has not been considered adequately. Here, we review the key properties of the IL-1 family members and provide insights into targeting or promoting select cytokines as new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Conti
- Immunology Division, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - F Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - T C Theoharides
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Suzuki S, Aoki A, Katagiri S, Maekawa S, Ejiri K, Kong S, Nagata M, Yamaguchi Y, Ohshima M, Izumi Y. Detection of hepatocyte growth factor in oral rinses using water for possible periodontal diagnosis. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:250-255. [PMID: 32418927 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels in oral rinses using water and clinical parameters of periodontitis; and furthermore, to evaluate the potential of a prototype HGF immunochromatographic paper test strip (HGF-TS) for screening of periodontitis, in comparison with a commercially-available occult blood (hemoglobin) test strip (Hb-TS). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and oral rinses were collected, from 125 subjects. Then, the presence of HGF, and hemoglobin (Hb), in each sample was detected using a prototype HGF-TS and an Hb-TS. In addition, the concentrations of HGF and Hb were also determined in each sample is necessary HGF concentrations in oral rinses showed significant correlations with clinical parameters of periodontitis. The positive rate and read value on HGF-TS showed significantly high values in cases of severe periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Hb-TS showed generally higher positive rates than HGF-TS; however, it showed false positive results in healthy subjects. The concentration of HGF in oral rinses showed close association with the severity of periodontitis, suggesting that the prototype HGF-TS has potential for use in the diagnosis of periodontitis, although further refinement of the test strip is required to increase the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kenichiro Ejiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sophannary Kong
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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13
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Walvik L, Kirchmann M, Jensen CAJ, Kristiansen S, Hansen LF, Howitz MF. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin a biomarker for bacterial-induced pharyngeal infection-A pilot study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:433-438. [PMID: 32337861 PMCID: PMC7453767 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is secreted from activated neutrophil granulocytes and is considered an acute phase protein. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether the NGAL concentration in saliva increases in response to a bacterial throat infection and identify pitfalls, which shall be taken into account in a protocol in a larger hypothesis testing study. METHODS Saliva samples for measurement of NGAL concentration where obtained from cases with an acute throat infection (n = 21) and controls (n = 24). Among cases, plasma NGAL, plasma CRP, and whole blood leukocytes, were measured as well. RESULTS There was no significant difference in NGAL saliva concentration between cases and controls overall (p = .31). For both cases and controls, the saliva NGAL concentration decreased significantly after cleansing the mouth with tap water (cases p = .01; controls p = .01). Among cases, a significant positive correlation between saliva NGAL concentrations before mouth cleansing and plasma CRP concentrations (p = .001) was observed. Blood neutrophil granulocyte count presented a nonsignificant positive correlation to saliva NGAL (p = .07). CONCLUSION We could not demonstrate a simple association between the salivary NGAL concentration and pharyngeal bacterial infection. Furthermore, the salivary NGAL concentrations were higher among some controls than cases, suggesting that cofounders for example, periodontitis, uneven salivary dilution level, or other exogenous factors affect salivary NGAL content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Walvik
- Department of ENT Head & Neck Surgery, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Malene Kirchmann
- Department of ENT Head & Neck Surgery, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Kristiansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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14
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Pedersen AML, Darwish M, Nicholson J, Edwards MI, Gupta AK, Belstrøm D. Gingival health status in individuals using different types of toothpaste. J Dent 2020; 80 Suppl 1:S13-S18. [PMID: 30696551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between the medium term use (>1 year) of a toothpaste containing natural enzymes and proteins (Zendium™) upon gingival index, plaque index and bleeding index compared to medium term use of toothpastes without antimicrobial/antiinflammatory ingredients. METHODS A total of 305 participants eligible for inclusion were grouped according to their toothpaste use and matched with regard to gender and age (18-30, 31-55 and 56+ years of age). A total of 161 persons were using a toothpaste which contained enzymes and proteins (Zendium™, test group), and 144 persons were using a toothpaste without these ingredients (control group). The amount of dental plaque and the gingival condition were assessed at six sites of each tooth using the modified gingival index (MGI), plaque index (Modified Quigley and Hein plaque index, PI), and bleeding index (BI). Mean values of MGI, PI and BI were compared using analysis of covariance. RESULTS The test group had significantly less gingival inflammation than the control group (adjusted mean scores (SD); 1.80 (0.65) vs. 2.27 (0.63),p < 0.0001), as well as lower levels of plaque (2.03 (0.33) vs. 2.12 (0.33), p = 0.0168) and gingival bleeding (0.74 (0.45) vs. 1.08 (0.45), p < 0.0001). Females had significantly less gingival inflammation (p < 0.0001), plaque (p = 0.0005) and bleeding (p = 0.0118) than males. Participants aged 18-30 years had significantly higher levels of inflammation and bleeding than the older age groups (p < 0.001), and also higher plaque levels compared to participants aged 31-55 years (p = 0.0069). Potential confounding factors including oral hygiene practices and consistency of dental visits did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that medium term use of fluoride toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins (Zendium™) is associated with a better gingival health than the use of other types of fluoride toothpastes without antimicrobial active ingredients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Medium term (> 1 year) use of toothpaste containing naturally occurring enzymes and proteins (Zendium™) in an unsupervised home setting is associated with better gingival health compared to the unsupervised use of other commercially available toothpastes without antimicrobial/antiinflammatory active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M L Pedersen
- Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M Darwish
- Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Nicholson
- Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK
| | - M I Edwards
- Unilever Oral Care, Unilever House, 100 Victoria Embankment, London, EC4Y 0DY, UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Hindustan Unilever Limited Research Centre, Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore 560 066, India
| | - D Belstrøm
- Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Belstrøm D, Eiberg JM, Enevold C, Grande MA, Jensen CAJ, Skov L, Hansen PR. Salivary microbiota and inflammation-related proteins in patients with psoriasis. Oral Dis 2020; 26:677-687. [PMID: 31916654 PMCID: PMC7188313 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to characterize the composition of the salivary microbiota and quantify salivary levels of inflammation‐related proteins (neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin [NGAL] and transferrin) in patients with psoriasis and compare data to those obtained in patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively. Materials and methods Stimulated saliva samples from patients with psoriasis (n = 27), patients with periodontitis (n = 58), and orally healthy controls (n = 52) were characterized by means of next‐generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Salivary levels of NGAL and transferrin were quantified using immunoassays. Results Linear discriminant effect size analysis showed that 52 (22 psoriasis‐associated and 30 periodontitis‐associated) and 21 (8 psoriasis‐associated and 13 orally healthy control‐associated) bacterial taxa differentiated the salivary microbiota in patients with psoriasis from that of patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively. Significantly lower mean salivary levels of NGAL (psoriasis: 996 [std. error 320], periodontitis: 2,072 [295], orally healthy controls: 2,551 [345] ng/ml, p < .0001) and transferrin (psoriasis: 4.37 [0.92], periodontitis: 7.25 [0.88], orally healthy controls: 10.02 [0.94] ng/ml, p < .0001) were identified in patients with psoriasis. Conclusions Psoriasis associates with characteristics of the salivary microbiota and salivary levels of inflammation‐related proteins, which are different from characteristics in patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josefine Maria Eiberg
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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16
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β 2-Microglobulin and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Potential Novel Urine Biomarkers in Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japanese. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:1394678. [PMID: 31015837 PMCID: PMC6446109 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1394678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several serum biomarkers have been reported to increase in periodontitis patients as possible mediators linking periodontal inflammation to systemic diseases. However, the relationship between periodontitis and urine biomarkers is still unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate potential urine biomarkers of periodontitis in a Japanese population. Materials and Methods This study included 108 male subjects, and microbiological and clinical parameters were evaluated as a periodontitis marker. The correlation between nine urine biomarkers (typically used to diagnose kidney disease) and periodontal parameters was analyzed. Based on the findings, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were selected for comparison and multivariate regression analysis, and the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Bonferroni correction was used to identify differences in their concentrations between the three periodontitis groups (severe, moderate, and no/mild periodontitis). Results β2-MG and NGAL exhibited a significant correlation with clinical parameters of periodontitis. The prevalence of clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing and number of sites with probing depth (PD) ≥ 6 mm were greater in the β2-MG high group (≥300 μg/g creatinine) than in the normal group (P=0.017 and 0.019, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the number of sites with PD ≥ 6 mm was independently associated with urine β2-MG. Moreover, the number of sites with the clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 6 mm was greater in the NGAL high group (highest quartile) (P=0.041). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the number of sites with CAL ≥ 6 mm was associated independently with urine NGAL. Finally, β2-MG was significantly higher in the severe periodontitis subjects compared to the no/mild periodontitis subjects. Conclusion The significant association between urine β2-MG or NGAL and periodontitis was revealed. These biomarkers can potentially be used to screen for or diagnose periodontitis. This trial is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000013485.
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17
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Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Trivedi HM, Lima PO, Camargo PM, Giannobile WV, Grogan TR, Gleber-Netto FO, Whiteman Y, Li F, Lee HJ, Dharia K, Aro K, Carerras-Presas CM, Amuthan S, Vartak M, Akin D, Al-adbullah H, Bembey K, Klokkevold PR, Elashoff D, Barnes VM, Richter R, DeVizio W, Masters JG, Wong DTW. Salivary exRNA biomarkers to detect gingivitis and monitor disease regression. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:806-817. [PMID: 29779262 PMCID: PMC6023773 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study tests the hypothesis that salivary extracellular RNA (exRNA) biomarkers can be developed for gingivitis detection and monitoring disease regression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary exRNA biomarker candidates were developed from a total of 100 gingivitis and non-gingivitis individuals using Affymetrix's expression microarrays. The top 10 differentially expressed exRNAs were tested in a clinical cohort to determine whether the discovered salivary exRNA markers for gingivitis were associated with clinical gingivitis and disease regression. For this purpose, unstimulated saliva was collected from 30 randomly selected gingivitis subjects, the gingival and plaque indexes scores were taken at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks and salivary exRNAs were assayed by means of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Eight salivary exRNA biomarkers developed for gingivitis were statistically significantly changed over time, consistent with disease regression. A panel of four salivary exRNAs [SPRR1A, lnc-TET3-2:1, FAM25A, CRCT1] can detect gingivitis with a clinical performance of 0.91 area under the curve, with 71% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS The clinical values of the developed salivary exRNA biomarkers are associated with gingivitis regression. They offer strong potential to be advanced for definitive validation and clinical laboratory development test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsh M. Trivedi
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Early Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - Patricia O. Lima
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School,
University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Camargo
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of
California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William V. Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tristan R. Grogan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California at Los
Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frederico O. Gleber-Netto
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Centro Internacional de Pesquisa e
Ensino (CIPE), AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yair Whiteman
- Center for Esthetic Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, University
of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National
University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Karan Dharia
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - Katri Aro
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Saarah Amuthan
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - Manjiri Vartak
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - David Akin
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiba Al-adbullah
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - Kanika Bembey
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - Perry R. Klokkevold
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of
California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California at Los
Angeles, California, USA
| | - Virginia Monsul Barnes
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Clinical Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - Rose Richter
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Clinical Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - William DeVizio
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Clinical Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - James G. Masters
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Early Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - David T. W. Wong
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Stanescu II, Calenic B, Dima A, Gugoasa LA, Balanescu E, Stefan-van Staden RI, Baicus C, Badita DG, Greabu M. Salivary biomarkers of inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Anat 2018; 219:89-93. [PMID: 29621567 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is currently used as a reliable diagnostic fluid in a wide range of local and systemic diseases. However, the link between salivary diagnosis and the inflammatory process in autoimmune diseases has not yet been explored. The aim of our study is to assess possible correlations between salivary inflammatory markers and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients fulfilling the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) diagnosis criteria were included. Salivary and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were determined using stochastic sensors. Serum leptin and IL-6 had significantly higher levels in SLE patients compared to non-SLE. Also, salivary IL-6 levels highly correlated with the serum IL-6 levels. A positive correlation was found between salivary and serum levels of IL-6, signaling salivary IL-6 as a reliable marker for assessing the inflammation process in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia-Ioana Stanescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alina Dima
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Livia Alexandra Gugoasa
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Balanescu
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, Colentina Research Center, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 020125, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Baicus
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania; Colentina Clinical Hospital, Colentina Research Center, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 020125, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Gabriela Badita
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Greabu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
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Bostanci N, Selevsek N, Wolski W, Grossmann J, Bao K, Wahlander A, Trachsel C, Schlapbach R, Öztürk VÖ, Afacan B, Emingil G, Belibasakis GN. Targeted Proteomics Guided by Label-free Quantitative Proteome Analysis in Saliva Reveal Transition Signatures from Health to Periodontal Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1392-1409. [PMID: 29610270 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are among the most prevalent worldwide, but largely silent, chronic diseases. They affect the tooth-supporting tissues with multiple ramifications on life quality. Their early diagnosis is still challenging, due to lack of appropriate molecular diagnostic methods. Saliva offers a non-invasively collectable reservoir of clinically relevant biomarkers, which, if utilized efficiently, could facilitate early diagnosis and monitoring of ongoing disease. Despite several novel protein markers being recently enlisted by discovery proteomics, their routine diagnostic application is hampered by the lack of validation platforms that allow for rapid, accurate and simultaneous quantification of multiple proteins in large cohorts. Here we carried out a pipeline of two proteomic platforms; firstly, we applied open ended label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomics for discovery in saliva (n = 67, including individuals with health, gingivitis, and periodontitis), followed by selected-reaction monitoring (SRM)-targeted proteomics for validation in an independent cohort (n = 82). The LFQ platform led to the discovery of 119 proteins with at least 2-fold significant difference between health and disease. The 65 proteins chosen for the subsequent SRM platform included 50 functionally related proteins derived from the significantly enriched processes of the LFQ data, 11 from literature-mining, and four house-keeping ones. Among those, 60 were reproducibly quantifiable proteins (92% success rate), represented by a total of 143 peptides. Machine-learning modeling led to a narrowed-down panel of five proteins of high predictive value for periodontal diseases with maximum area under the receiver operating curve >0.97 (higher in disease: Matrix metalloproteinase-9, Ras-related protein-1, Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5; lower in disease: Clusterin, Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1). This panel enriches the pool of credible clinical biomarker candidates for diagnostic assay development. Yet, the quantum leap brought into the field of periodontal diagnostics by this study is the application of the biomarker discovery-through-verification pipeline, which can be used for validation in further cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- From the ‡Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Nathalie Selevsek
- §Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Witold Wolski
- §Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- §Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Bao
- From the ‡Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asa Wahlander
- ¶AstraZeneca Translational Biomarkers and Bioanalysis, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christian Trachsel
- §Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Schlapbach
- §Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Veli Özgen Öztürk
- ‖Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Beral Afacan
- ‖Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Emingil
- **Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- From the ‡Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial in the Gingivitis Prevention with an Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin Nutritional Supplement. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7460780. [PMID: 29375198 PMCID: PMC5742508 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7460780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effectiveness on tissue response of the new nutritional supplement made of oligomeric proanthocyanidins in induced gingivitis after 21 days of use. Material and Methods A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out on 20 patients; it is divided into an experimental group and a control group after fulfilling the selection criteria. Patients had to come 4 times during the study to register the Silness and Löe index, the gingival bleeding index, the plaque index, the inflammatory crevicular fluid study (IL6), and the changes in the brightness of the gingiva. No complementary hygiene methods were allowed during the 21 days. Results The Silness and Löe index was higher in the control group than in the experimental group, reaching a twofold difference between the groups (p < 0.0001). The gingival bleeding index also supports this fact, since the bleeding was lower in the experimental group (p < 0.005). However, the dental plaque on the tooth surface according to the plaque index was 33% higher in the experimental group (p < 0.006). Some differences in the IL-6 were found in the crevicular fluid (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Oligomeric proanthocyanidins have an effect on the periodontal tissue's health. No effects on the accumulation of plaque on the tooth surface were found, so further studies are needed to determine the nature of the plaque.
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Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Holmstrup P, Gürsoy UK. Salivary cytokine levels in early gingival inflammation. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1364101. [PMID: 28839521 PMCID: PMC5560406 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1364101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary protein levels have been studied in periodontitis. However, there is lack of information on salivary cytokine levels in early gingival inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine salivary levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in gingival inflammation. Twenty-eight systemically and orally healthy nonsmokers abstained from oral hygiene protocols for 10 days. After that, self-performed cleaning was resumed for 14 days. Plaque and gingival indexes were measured, and saliva samples were collected at days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 24. Salivary cytokines were detected with Luminex®-xMAP™. Salivary IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and VEGF levels decreased after 10 days' development of experimental gingivitis and reached baseline levels at the end of the 2-week resolution period. Salivary IL-8 levels decreased and remained low during development and resolution of experimental gingivitis. Initial inflammation in gingival tissues is associated with a decrease in inflammatory cytokines in saliva. Further studies are needed to evaluate if inflammatory cytokines bind to their functional receptors within the gingival tissue during early gingivitis, which may limits their spillover to the gingival crevice and ultimately saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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22
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Belstrøm D, Sembler-Møller ML, Grande MA, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Twetman S, Holmstrup P. Impact of Oral Hygiene Discontinuation on Supragingival and Salivary Microbiomes. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 3:57-64. [PMID: 29662960 PMCID: PMC5896869 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417723625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize and compare supragingival and salivary microbiotas during a 10-d period of oral hygiene discontinuation. We tested the hypothesis that the composition of the salivary microbiota will reflect local microbial changes associated with accumulated biofilm formation and maturation. Pooled supragingival plaque (n = 145) and stimulated saliva (n = 145) samples were collected and plaque and gingival indices were recorded from 29 orally healthy individuals at baseline, during oral hygiene discontinuation (days 4, 7, and 10), and 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. Supragingival and salivary microbiotas were processed by next-generation sequencing (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) and microbial community profiles were compared. Microbial composition of supragingival plaque samples collected after 4, 7, and 10 d of oral hygiene discontinuation, as well as 14 d after reuptake of oral hygiene, differed significantly from baseline samples, by a 3-fold increase in relative abundance Leptotrichia species and a 2-fold decrease in Streptococcus species (adjusted P < 0.01). In saliva samples, a significant increase in relative abundance of Leptotrichia species (adjusted P < 0.01) was evident at day 7 but completely reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. While the salivary microbiota was resistant to accumulated local biofilm formation, data from this study showed that compositional changes of supragingival microbiotas were not reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene, despite the restoration of plaque to baseline levels. (ClinicalTrials.gov UCPH_OI_002, NCT02913235). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Data from this study showed compositional changes of supragingival microbiotas as a consequence of a 10-d period of oral hygiene discontinuation, that was not reversed 14 d after resumption of oral hygiene. Notably, oral hygiene discontinuation was associated with a significant increase in relative abundance of potential cariogenic Leptotrichia species and a decrease in Streptococcus species. Thus, findings from this study highlight the necessity of regular oral hygiene in the maintenance of oral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M L Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M A Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Kirkby
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S L Cotton
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Twetman
- Section for Cariology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology, and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Azcarate-Velázquez F, Garrido-Serrano R, Castillo-Dalí G, Serrera-Figallo MA, Gañán-Calvo A, Torres-Lagares D. Effectiveness of flossing loops in the control of the gingival health. J Clin Exp Dent 2017. [PMID: 28638551 PMCID: PMC5474330 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the key factor in the good condition of periodontal tissues is their daily hygiene. Oral hygiene techniques such brushing and a good interdental hygiene by correct flossing are very important. The aim of this study is to compare the use of dental floss in a loop vs traditional floss in the control of Loe-Silness Gingival Index (IG), Turesky´s Plaque Index (IPT), Gingival Bleeding Index (IS) and the values of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). Material and Methods A comparative study of 40 patients in which each patient was his own control, using during 45 days each one of the devices (new loop floss and conventional floss) of interdental hygiene analysed. Data for Loe-Silness Gingival Index (IG), Turesky´s Plaque Index (IPT), Gingival Bleeding Index (IS) and the values of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8)were collected and measured in every visit for every type of interdental hygiene device. Results Our data indicates that the rate of Turesky´s Plaque Index presented statistically significant differences between groups (loop: 1.66 ± 0.8; traditional: 1.12 ± 0.8; p<0.0001). The rest of the indices studied showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusions The creation of new dental floss designs try to make their use easier and more sensitive, and plaque removal more effective. The loop design can facilitate interdental hygiene, reaching similar effectiveness than traditional floss, improving some indicators, such as Turesky´s Plaque Index. Key words:Dental floss, bacterial plaque, loop floss, plaque index, periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Garrido-Serrano
- Master in Oral Surgery. Department of Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriel Castillo-Dalí
- Master in Oral Surgery. Department of Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Gañán-Calvo
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- Master in Oral Surgery. Department of Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
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Pinto EH, Longo PL, de Camargo CCB, Dal Corso S, Lanza FDC, Stelmach R, Athanazio R, Fernandes KPS, Mayer MPA, Bussadori SK, Mesquita Ferrari RA, Horliana ACRT. Assessment of the quantity of microorganisms associated with bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage after periodontal treatment: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010564. [PMID: 27084279 PMCID: PMC4838683 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between periodontal disease (PD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been widely studied, with aspiration of periodontal pathogens being one of the most accepted causal mechanisms for pulmonary exacerbation. Periodontal treatment (PT) was associated with a decrease in these exacerbations. Bronchiectasis is a pulmonary disease that has many similarities to COPD; however, there are no studies correlating this condition to PD thus far. This study will evaluate if PT reduces proinflammatory cytokines in serum and saliva, as well as halitosis and the amount of microorganisms associated with exacerbation of bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage 3 months after PT. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of 182 patients with PD and bronchiectasis will be randomly allocated to group 1 (positive control; scaling and root planing (SRP)+oral hygiene (OH)) or group 2 (experimental; SRP+photodynamic therapy+OH). After 3 months, samples of saliva, nasal lavage and sputum will be collected to determine the level of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis by quantitative PCR. This protocol will determine the efficacy of PT in reducing the most likely niches of bronchiectasis exacerbation by comparing pre- and post-treatment microbiology samples. Furthermore, there will be assessment of oral halitosis and verification of inflammatory cytokines in serum and saliva. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Nove de Julho. Data will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02514226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Horácio Pinto
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Larcher Longo
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Dal Corso
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Stelmach
- Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Athanazio
- Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita Ferrari
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marchesan J, Morelli T, Moss K, Barros S, Ward M, Jenkins W, Aspiras M, Offenbacher S. Association of Synergistetes and Cyclodipeptides with Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515594779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial community (MC) composition as it relates to salivary metabolites and periodontal clinical parameters in a 21-d biofilm-overgrowth model. Subjects ( N = 168) were enrolled equally into 5 categories of periodontal status per the biofilm-gingival interface classification. Microbial species within subgingival plaque samples were identified by human microbiome identification microarray. Whole saliva was analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for metabolite identification. Phylum was grouped into MCs according to principal component analysis. Generalized linear and regression models were used to examine the association among MC, species, periodontal clinical parameters, and salivary metabolome. Multiple comparisons were adjusted with the false discovery rate. The study population was distributed into 8 distinct MC profiles, designated MC-1 to MC-8. MC-2 explained 14% of the variance and was dominated by Synergistetes and Spirochaetes. It was the only community structure significantly associated with high probing depth ( P = 0.02) and high bleeding on probing ( P = 0.008). MC-2 was correlated with traditional periodontal pathogens and several newly identified putative periodontal pathogens: Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Fretibacterium sp. OT360/OT362, Filifactor alocis, Treponema lecithinolyticum, Eubacterium saphenum, Desulfobulbus sp. /OT041, and Mogibacterium timidum. Synergistetes phylum was strongly associated with 2 novel metabolites—cyclo (-leu-pro) and cyclo (-phe-pro)—at 21 d of biofilm overgrowth ( P = 0.02). In subjects with severe periodontitis (P2 and P3), cyclo (-leu-pro) and cyclo (-phe-pro) were significantly associated with increased changes in probing depth at 21 d of biofilm overgrowth ( P ≤ 0.05). The analysis identified a MC dominated by Synergistetes, with classic and putative newly identified pathogens/pathobionts associated with clinical disease. The metabolomic discovery of 2 novel cyclodipeptides that have been reported to serve as quorum-sensing and/or bacteriocidal/bacteriostatic molecules, in association with Synergistetes, suggests a potential role in periodontal biofilm dysbiosis and periodontal disease that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.T. Marchesan
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T. Morelli
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K. Moss
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S.P. Barros
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M. Ward
- Philips Oral Healthcare, Dental & Scientific Affairs, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - W. Jenkins
- Philips Oral Healthcare, Dental & Scientific Affairs, Bothell, WA, USA
| | | | - S. Offenbacher
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Recker EN, Brogden KA, Avila-Ortiz G, Fischer CL, Pagan-Rivera K, Dawson DV, Smith KM, Elangovan S. Novel biomarkers of periodontitis and/or obesity in saliva-An exploratory analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1503-9. [PMID: 26263539 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies point to the clinical and research utility of saliva as a valuable diagnostic aid for monitoring periodontal health. The objectives of this study were to detect novel biomarkers attributed to chronic inflammation in saliva and to determine if the levels of these markers correlate with severity of periodontitis and with standard obesity measures in participants in a periodontal maintenance program. DESIGN In this cross-sectional assessment of 63 participants, unstimulated whole saliva was collected after recording anthropometric and clinical parameters of obesity and periodontitis, respectively. The levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), sCD40L, granzyme B and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in saliva were determined using multiplex proteomic immunoassays. The correlation between the four tested biomarker concentrations and obesity/periodontal measures was determined. RESULTS Positive correlation between fat% and granzyme B levels (r=0.292; p=0.020) and negative correlation between BMI and sCD40L (r=0.256; p=0.043) was observed. In addition, positive correlation between severity of periodontal disease and levels of IL1-ra (r=0.253; p=0.046) and negative correlation between periodontitis severity and sCD40L salivary levels (r=0.272; p=0.031) was noted. None of the above correlations remained statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment. After adjustment for clinical covariates, the relationship between sCD40L and periodontal severity remained suggestive (p=0.081). CONCLUSIONS Levels of four novel biomarkers of periodontitis were detectable in saliva of subjects enrolled in a periodontal maintenance program. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes and other populations are warranted to explore the diagnostic applicability of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Recker
- Dows Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kim A Brogden
- Dows Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gustavo Avila-Ortiz
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carol L Fischer
- Dows Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Keyla Pagan-Rivera
- Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Dows Institute of Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Katherine M Smith
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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