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Krotova A, Shalina K, Mazloum A, Kwon D, Van Schalkwyk A, Byadovskaya O, Sprygin A. Genetic characterization of sheep pox virus strains from outbreaks in Central Russia in 2018-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3430-e3435. [PMID: 36217254 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the phylogenomic relatedness between sheep pox viruses (SPPVs) circulating in Central Russia in 2018-2019 with the NISKHI vaccine strain used in the country, based on their complete genome sequences. The sheep pox outbreaks occurred 1 year apart in the adjacent regions of Tula and Moscow. Full genome sequences were generated by sequencing DNA directly obtained from Trizol-extracted scabs, using the DNBSEQ-400 platform (MGI Tech, China). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SPPV isolates from Russia clusters with previously published sequences from Srinagar in the Kashmir province of India in 2000 (SPPV-Srinagar strain) as well as SPPV A strain from Kazakhstan in 2000. The aforementioned cluster belonged to a sister clade containing the NISKHI vaccine strain, thus indicating that the recent outbreaks were not genetically linked to the widely used vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Mazloum
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kwon
- Core Sequencing Center, Kurchatov Center for Genome Research NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Antoinette Van Schalkwyk
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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2
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Konstantinidis K, Bampali M, de Courcy Williams M, Dovrolis N, Gatzidou E, Papazilakis P, Nearchou A, Veletza S, Karakasiliotis I. Dissecting the Species-Specific Virome in Culicoides of Thrace. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:802577. [PMID: 35330767 PMCID: PMC8940260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.802577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biting midges (Culicoides) are vectors of arboviruses of both veterinary and medical importance. The surge of emerging and reemerging vector-borne diseases and their expansion in geographical areas affected by climate change has increased the importance of understanding their capacity to contribute to novel and emerging infectious diseases. The study of Culicoides virome is the first step in the assessment of this potential. In this study, we analyzed the RNA virome of 10 Culicoides species within the geographical area of Thrace in the southeastern part of Europe, a crossing point between Asia and Europe and important path of various arboviruses, utilizing the Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform and a custom bioinformatics pipeline based on TRINITY assembler and alignment algorithms. The analysis of the RNA virome of 10 Culicoides species resulted in the identification of the genomic signatures of 14 novel RNA viruses, including three fully assembled viruses and four segmented viruses with at least one segment fully assembled, most of which were significantly divergent from previously identified related viruses from the Solemoviridae, Phasmaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Reoviridae, Chuviridae, Partitiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Flaviviridae families. Each Culicoides species carried a species-specific set of viruses, some of which are related to viruses from other insect vectors in the same area, contributing to the idea of a virus-carrier web within the ecosystem. The identified viruses not only expand our current knowledge on the virome of Culicoides but also set the basis of the genetic diversity of such viruses in the area of southeastern Europe. Furthermore, our study highlights that such metagenomic approaches should include as many species as possible of the local virus-carrier web that interact and share the virome of a geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Bampali
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Gatzidou
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Stavroula Veletza
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karakasiliotis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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3
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Gortázar C, Barroso P, Nova R, Cáceres G. The role of wildlife in the epidemiology and control of Foot-and-mouth-disease And Similar Transboundary (FAST) animal diseases: A review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2462-2473. [PMID: 34268873 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) are notifiable diseases which are highly transmissible and have the potential for rapid spread regardless of national borders. Many TADs are shared between domestic animals and wildlife, with the potential to affect both livestock sector and wildlife conservation and eventually, public health in the case of zoonosis. The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), a commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), has grouped six TADs as 'Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) And Similar Transboundary animal diseases' (FAST diseases). FAST diseases are ruminant infections caused by viruses, for which vaccination is a control option. The EuFMD hold-FAST strategy aims primarily at addressing the threat represented by FAST diseases for Europe. Prevention and control of FAST diseases might benefit from assessing the role of wildlife. We reviewed the role of wildlife as indicators, victims, bridge hosts or maintenance hosts for the six TADs included in the EuFMD hold-FAST strategy: FMD, peste des petits ruminants, lumpy skin disease, sheep and goatpox, Rift Valley fever and bovine ephemeral fever. We observed that wildlife can act as indicator species. In addition, they are occasionally victims of disease outbreaks, and they are often relevant for disease management as either bridge or maintenance hosts. Wildlife deserves to become a key component of future integrated surveillance and disease control strategies in an ever-changing world. It is advisable to increase our knowledge on wildlife roles in relevant TADs to improve our preparedness in case of an outbreak in previously disease-free regions, where wildlife may be significant for disease surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gortázar
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Patricia Barroso
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Nova
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Germán Cáceres
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Rome, Italy
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4
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Rouby SR, Bazid AH, Wasfy M, El-Sayed M. Capripoxviruses: Exploring the genetic relatedness between field and vaccine strains from Egypt. Vet World 2019; 12:1924-1930. [PMID: 32095042 PMCID: PMC6989310 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1924-1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and sheep pox are economically important Capripoxvirus-induced diseases of cattle and sheep, respectively. Despite the extensive vaccination program adopted by Egyptian veterinary authorities, LSD and sheep pox are still prevalent and spread throughout the whole country. The current study was designed for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of LSD virus (LSDV) and Sheep pox virus (SPPV) recovered from field cases in Egypt along with vaccinal strains to assess their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods Skin biopsies were collected from naturally infected cases of LSD in Ismailia (n=3 farms) and Beni-Suef (n=2 farms) Governorates and sheep pox in Beni-Suef (n=1 flock). Virus isolation was carried out on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell cultures. DNA was extracted from infected materials (skin lesions, infected cell cultures) as well as LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and Romanian SPPV vaccine strain. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using oligonucleotide primers targeting the entire open reading frame of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) gene and gene sequences were analyzed. Results Virus isolation on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell culture revealed a cytopathic effect at the third passage characterized by rounding of infected cells and margination of nuclear chromatin. Comparative sequence analysis of GPCR gene revealed that Egyptian LSDV isolated from Ismailia and Beni-Suef shared 99:100% nucleotide and amino acid (AA) identities with each other. In comparison to the vaccinal strains, Egyptian LSDV isolates shared 98:99 nucleotide and AA identities with LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and 93:94% with SPPV Romanian vaccine strain. No differences at the nucleotide or AAs were observed between the SPPV vaccine and virulent strains (100% identity). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that LSDV Neethling vaccine strain is more related to field Egyptian LSDV and clustered within the LSDV group while Romanian SPPV vaccine strain clustered in a separate clade with SPPV field isolates. Conclusion Comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the GPCR gene reveal a minimal genetic variation between LSDV field isolates from different locations and a close relationship between virulent field strains and homologous vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Reda Rouby
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Bazid
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Momtaz Wasfy
- Department of Research and Development, Middle East for Veterinary vaccine Company (ME-VAC), Second Industrial Area, El-Salhya El-Gedida, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Magdy El-Sayed
- Department of Research and Development, Middle East for Veterinary vaccine Company (ME-VAC), Second Industrial Area, El-Salhya El-Gedida, Sharqia, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Governorate 12613, Egypt
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Chibssa TR, Settypalli TBK, Berguido FJ, Grabherr R, Loitsch A, Tuppurainen E, Nwankpa N, Tounkara K, Madani H, Omani A, Diop M, Cattoli G, Diallo A, Lamien CE. An HRM Assay to Differentiate Sheeppox Virus Vaccine Strains from Sheeppox Virus Field Isolates and other Capripoxvirus Species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6646. [PMID: 31040355 PMCID: PMC6491823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep poxvirus (SPPV), goat poxvirus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) affect small ruminants and cattle causing sheeppox (SPP), goatpox (GTP) and lumpy skin disease (LSD) respectively. In endemic areas, vaccination with live attenuated vaccines derived from SPPV, GTPV or LSDV provides protection from SPP and GTP. As live poxviruses may cause adverse reactions in vaccinated animals, it is imperative to develop new diagnostic tools for the differentiation of SPPV field strains from attenuated vaccine strains. Within the capripoxvirus (CaPV) homolog of the variola virus B22R gene, we identified a unique region in SPPV vaccines with two deletions of 21 and 27 nucleotides and developed a High-Resolution Melting (HRM)-based assay. The HRM assay produces four distinct melting peaks, enabling the differentiation between SPPV vaccines, SPPV field isolates, GTPV and LSDV. This HRM assay is sensitive, specific, and provides a cost-effective means for the detection and classification of CaPVs and the differentiation of SPPV vaccines from SPPV field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Agricultural and Biotechnology laboratory, Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A1400, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.,National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), P.O. Box, 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Tirumala Bharani K Settypalli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Agricultural and Biotechnology laboratory, Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J Berguido
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Agricultural and Biotechnology laboratory, Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Loitsch
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Mödling, Austria
| | | | - Nick Nwankpa
- African Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre, (AU-PANVAC), P.O. Box 1746, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia
| | - Karim Tounkara
- African Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre, (AU-PANVAC), P.O. Box 1746, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia
| | - Hafsa Madani
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire d'Alger, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amel Omani
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire d'Alger, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mariane Diop
- Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), BP 2057 Dakar-Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Agricultural and Biotechnology laboratory, Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adama Diallo
- Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), BP 2057 Dakar-Hann, Dakar, Senegal.,UMR CIRAD INRA, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), 24 Montpellier cedex 05, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Euloge Lamien
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Agricultural and Biotechnology laboratory, Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A1400, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Yang Y, Qin X, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Zhang W, Zhu X, Cong G, Li Y, Zhang Z. Development of real-time and lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of goatpox virus and sheeppox virus. Virol J 2017; 14:131. [PMID: 28716095 PMCID: PMC5514530 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Goatpox virus (GTPV) and sheeppox virus (SPPV), which belong to the Capripoxvirus (CaPV), are economically important pathogens of small ruminants. Therefore, a sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic assay for detection of GTPV and SPPV is necessary to accurately and promptly control these diseases. Methods Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays combined with a real-time fluorescent detection (real-time RPA assay) and lateral flow dipstick (RPA LFD assay) were developed targeting the CaPV G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene, respectively. Results The sensitivity of both CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were 3 × 102 copies per reaction within 20 min at 38 °C. Both assays were highly specific for CaPV, with no cross-reactions with peste des petits ruminants virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and Orf virus. The evaluation of the performance of these two assays with clinical sample (n = 107) showed that the CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were able to specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples of ovine in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, skin and blood. Conclusions This study provided a highly time-efficient and simple alternative for rapid detection of GTPV and SPPV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0792-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Xiangle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Zhixun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Guozheng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China.
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China.
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7
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Ben Chehida F, Ayari-Fakhfakh E, Caufour P, Amdouni J, Nasr J, Messaoudi L, Haj Ammar H, Sghaier S, Bernard C, Ghram A, Cêtre-Sossah C. Sheep pox in Tunisia: Current status and perspectives. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:50-63. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ben Chehida
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie (IRVT); Tunis Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet; Sidi Thabet Tunisia
- Université de Manouba; Manouba Tunisia
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France. INRA; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France. Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia. Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Jazourna Bizerte Tunisia. Université de Carthage; Carthage Tunisia
| | - E. Ayari-Fakhfakh
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie (IRVT); Tunis Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia
| | - P. Caufour
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France
- INRA; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France
| | - J. Amdouni
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie (IRVT); Tunis Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - J. Nasr
- Université de Carthage; Carthage Tunisia
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia
| | | | - H. Haj Ammar
- Ministère de l'Agriculture; Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires; Tunis Tunisia
| | - S. Sghaier
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie (IRVT); Tunis Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia
| | - C. Bernard
- INRA; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; F-97491 Sainte Clotilde La Réunion France
| | - A. Ghram
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia
| | - C. Cêtre-Sossah
- INRA; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; F-97491 Sainte Clotilde La Réunion France
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8
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Armson B, Fowler VL, Tuppurainen ESM, Howson ELA, Madi M, Sallu R, Kasanga CJ, Pearson C, Wood J, Martin P, Mioulet V, King DP. Detection of Capripoxvirus DNA Using a Field-Ready Nucleic Acid Extraction and Real-Time PCR Platform. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:994-997. [PMID: 26608662 PMCID: PMC5434827 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Capripoxviruses, comprising sheep pox virus, goat pox virus and lumpy skin disease virus cause serious diseases of domesticated ruminants, notifiable to The World Organization for Animal Health. This report describes the evaluation of a mobile diagnostic system (Enigma Field Laboratory) that performs automated sequential steps for nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR to detect capripoxvirus DNA within laboratory and endemic field settings. To prepare stable reagents that could be deployed into field settings, lyophilized reagents were used that employed an established diagnostic PCR assay. These stabilized reagents demonstrated an analytical sensitivity that was equivalent, or greater than the established laboratory-based PCR test which utilizes wet reagents, and the limit of detection for the complete assay pipeline was approximately one log10 more sensitive than the laboratory-based PCR assay. Concordant results were generated when the mobile PCR system was compared to the laboratory-based PCR using samples collected from Africa, Asia and Europe (n = 10) and experimental studies (n = 9) representing clinical cases of sheep pox, goat pox and lumpy skin disease. Furthermore, this mobile assay reported positive results in situ using specimens that were collected from a dairy cow in Morogoro, Tanzania, which was exhibiting clinical signs of lumpy skin disease. These data support the use of mobile PCR systems for the rapid and sensitive detection of capripoxvirus DNA in endemic field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Armson
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - E L A Howson
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Madi
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK
| | - R Sallu
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - C J Kasanga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - J Wood
- Enigma Diagnostics, DSTL Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - P Martin
- Enigma Diagnostics, DSTL Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - D P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK
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9
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Haegeman A, Zro K, Sammin D, Vandenbussche F, Ennaji MM, De Clercq K. Investigation of a Possible Link Between Vaccination and the 2010 Sheep Pox Epizootic in Morocco. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e278-e287. [PMID: 25753969 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sheep pox is endemic in most parts of Northern Africa and has the potential to cause severe economic problems. Live attenuated vaccines are used in Morocco, and in many other countries, to control the disease. Sheep pox virus (SPPV) re-appeared in 2010 causing a nodular clinical form previously not observed in Morocco. The severe clinical signs observed during the course of this outbreak and initial reports citing similarity in nucleotide sequence between the Moroccan vaccine strain and field isolates warranted a more in depth analysis of this epizootic. In this study, sequence analysis showed that isolates obtained from four provinces of eastern Morocco were identical, demonstrating that a single SPPV strain was responsible for the 2010 epizootic. In addition, the genome fragments sequenced and phylogenetic analyses undertaken as part of this study showed significant differences between field isolates and the Moroccan vaccine strain. New PCR methods were developed to differentiate between wild-type isolates and vaccine strains of SPPV. Using these methods, no trace of wild-type SPPV was found in the vaccine and no evidence was found to suggest that the vaccine strain was causing clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haegeman
- Viral Diseases, Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - K Zro
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Hygiène & Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Morocco.,Laboratoire de diagnostic recherche et développement, Biopharma, Rabat, Morocco
| | - D Sammin
- Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine Laboratories, Backweston, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - F Vandenbussche
- Viral Diseases, Molecular Platform, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M M Ennaji
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Hygiène & Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - K De Clercq
- Viral Diseases, Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Malesios C, Demiris N, Abas Z, Dadousis K, Koutroumanidis T. Modeling sheep pox disease from the 1994–1998 epidemic in Evros Prefecture, Greece. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2014; 11:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Haegeman A, Zro K, Vandenbussche F, Demeestere L, Van Campe W, Ennaji MM, De Clercq K. Development and validation of three Capripoxvirus real-time PCRs for parallel testing. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:446-51. [PMID: 23850698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Capripoxviruses have the potential to cause outbreaks with a severe socio-economic impact. The latter, combined with an altered virus dissemination pattern, warrants its status as an important emerging disease. Disease control or eradication programmes can only be applied successfully if the necessary diagnostic tools are available allowing clear and unequivocal identification of the pathogen. Real-time PCR combines high sensitivity/specificity with a reduced analysis time and is thus a proven useful tool for identification of many pathogens, including Capripoxviruses. In order for a real-time PCR to be used in a diagnostic capacity, the different analytical and diagnostic parameters need to be evaluated to assure data quality. The implementation of parallel testing using multiple real-time PCRs with similar characteristics can improve further Capripoxvirus diagnosis. It was therefore the purpose of this study to develop a triplet real-time PCR panel with similar high sensitivity/specificity and provide sufficient validation data regarding the performance characteristics that the panel can be used in parallel, depending on the purpose and local situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haegeman
- CODA-CERVA, Viral Diseases, Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
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Murray L, Edwards L, Tuppurainen ESM, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Oura CAL, Mioulet V, King DP. Detection of capripoxvirus DNA using a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:90. [PMID: 23634704 PMCID: PMC3649941 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheep poxvirus (SPPV), Goat poxvirus (GTPV) and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) are the most serious poxviruses of ruminants. They are double stranded DNA viruses of the genus Capripoxvirus, (subfamily Chordopoxvirinae) within the family Poxviridae. The aim of this study was to develop a Loop-mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Capripoxvirus (CaPV) DNA. RESULTS A single LAMP assay targeting a conserved region of the CaPV P32 gene was selected from 3 pilot LAMP assays and optimised by adding loop primers to accelerate the reaction time. This LAMP assay successfully detected DNA prepared from representative CaPV isolates (SPPV, GTPV and LSDV), and did not cross-react with DNA extracted from other mammalian poxviruses. The analytical sensitivity of the LAMP assay was determined to be at least 163 DNA copies/μl which is equivalent to the performance reported for diagnostic real-time PCR currently used for the detection of CaPV. LAMP reactions were monitored with an intercalating dye using a real-time PCR machine, or by agarose-gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, dual labelled LAMP products (generated using internal LAMP primers that were conjugated with either biotin or fluorescein) could be readily visualised using a lateral-flow device. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a simple and rapid approach to detect CaPV DNA that may have utility for use in the field, or in non-specialised laboratories where expensive equipment is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Murray
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
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