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Noom A, Sawitzki B, Knaus P, Duda GN. A two-way street - cellular metabolism and myofibroblast contraction. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:15. [PMID: 38570493 PMCID: PMC10991391 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is characterised by the high-energy consumption associated with myofibroblast contraction. Although myofibroblast contraction relies on ATP production, the role of cellular metabolism in myofibroblast contraction has not yet been elucidated. Studies have so far only focused on myofibroblast contraction regulators, such as integrin receptors, TGF-β and their shared transcription factor YAP/TAZ, in a fibroblast-myofibroblast transition setting. Additionally, the influence of the regulators on metabolism and vice versa have been described in this context. However, this has so far not yet been connected to myofibroblast contraction. This review focuses on the known and unknown of how cellular metabolism influences the processes leading to myofibroblast contraction and vice versa. We elucidate the signalling cascades responsible for myofibroblast contraction by looking at FMT regulators, mechanical cues, biochemical signalling, ECM properties and how they can influence and be influenced by cellular metabolism. By reviewing the existing knowledge on the link between cellular metabolism and the regulation of myofibroblast contraction, we aim to pinpoint gaps of knowledge and eventually help identify potential research targets to identify strategies that would allow switching tissue fibrosis towards tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Noom
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Center of Immunomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Torcasio R, Gallo Cantafio ME, Ikeda RK, Ganino L, Viglietto G, Amodio N. Lipid metabolic vulnerabilities of multiple myeloma. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3373-3390. [PMID: 37639069 PMCID: PMC10618328 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy worldwide, characterized by abnormal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within a tumor-permissive bone marrow microenvironment. Metabolic dysfunctions are emerging as key determinants in the pathobiology of MM. In this review, we highlight the metabolic features of MM, showing how alterations in various lipid pathways, mainly involving fatty acids, cholesterol and sphingolipids, affect the growth, survival and drug responsiveness of MM cells, as well as their cross-talk with other cellular components of the tumor microenvironment. These findings will provide a new path to understanding the mechanisms underlying how lipid vulnerabilities may arise and affect the phenotype of malignant plasma cells, highlighting novel druggable pathways with a significant impact on the management of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Torcasio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Heart Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raissa Kaori Ikeda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludovica Ganino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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3
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Rana PS, Goparaju K, Driscoll JJ. Shutting off the fuel supply to target metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141851. [PMID: 37361580 PMCID: PMC10285382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways that govern cellular bioenergetics are deregulated in tumor cells and represent a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells have the capacity to reprogram pathways that control nutrient acquisition, anabolism and catabolism to enhance their growth and survival. Tumorigenesis requires the autonomous reprogramming of key metabolic pathways that obtain, generate and produce metabolites from a nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment to meet the increased bioenergetic demands of cancer cells. Intra- and extracellular factors also have a profound effect on gene expression to drive metabolic pathway reprogramming in not only cancer cells but also surrounding cell types that contribute to anti-tumor immunity. Despite a vast amount of genetic and histologic heterogeneity within and between cancer types, a finite set of pathways are commonly deregulated to support anabolism, catabolism and redox balance. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in adults and remains incurable in the vast majority of patients. Genetic events and the hypoxic bone marrow milieu deregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis in MM cells to promote their proliferation, survival, metastasis, drug resistance and evasion of immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss mechanisms that disrupt metabolic pathways in MM cells to support the development of therapeutic resistance and thwart the effects of anti-myeloma immunity. A better understanding of the events that reprogram metabolism in myeloma and immune cells may reveal unforeseen vulnerabilities and advance the rational design of drug cocktails that improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Rana
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Krishna Goparaju
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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4
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Nair R, Gupta P, Shanmugam M. Mitochondrial metabolic determinants of multiple myeloma growth, survival, and therapy efficacy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000106. [PMID: 36185202 PMCID: PMC9523312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the clonal proliferation of antibody producing plasma cells. Despite the use of next generation proteasome inhibitors (PI), immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) and immunotherapy, the development of therapy refractory disease is common, with approximately 20% of MM patients succumbing to aggressive treatment-refractory disease within 2 years of diagnosis. A large emphasis is placed on understanding inter/intra-tumoral genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic changes contributing to relapsed/refractory disease, however, the contribution of cellular metabolism and intrinsic/extrinsic metabolites to therapy sensitivity and resistance mechanisms is less well understood. Cancer cells depend on specific metabolites for bioenergetics, duplication of biomass and redox homeostasis for growth, proliferation, and survival. Cancer therapy, importantly, largely relies on targeting cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Thus, understanding the metabolic changes intersecting with a drug's mechanism of action can inform us of methods to elicit deeper responses and prevent acquired resistance. Knowledge of the Warburg effect and elevated aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, including MM, has allowed us to capitalize on this phenomenon for diagnostics and prognostics. The demonstration that mitochondria play critical roles in cancer development, progression, and therapy sensitivity despite the inherent preference of cancer cells to engage aerobic glycolysis has re-invigorated deeper inquiry into how mitochondrial metabolism regulates tumor biology and therapy efficacy. Mitochondria are the sole source for coupled respiration mediated ATP synthesis and a key source for the anabolic synthesis of amino acids and reducing equivalents. Beyond their core metabolic activities, mitochondria facilitate apoptotic cell death, impact the activation of the cytosolic integrated response to stress, and through nuclear and cytosolic retrograde crosstalk maintain cell fitness and survival. Here, we hope to shed light on key mitochondrial functions that shape MM development and therapy sensitivity.
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5
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Oudaert I, Van der Vreken A, Maes A, De Bruyne E, De Veirman K, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. Metabolic cross-talk within the bone marrow milieu: focus on multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:49. [PMID: 36050788 PMCID: PMC9438316 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are well-known for their capacity to adapt their metabolism to their increasing energy demands which is necessary for tumor progression. This is no different for Multiple Myeloma (MM), a hematological cancer which develops in the bone marrow (BM), whereby the malignant plasma cells accumulate and impair normal BM functions. It has become clear that the hypoxic BM environment contributes to metabolic rewiring of the MM cells, including changes in metabolite levels, increased/decreased activity of metabolic enzymes and metabolic shifts. These adaptations will lead to a pro-tumoral environment stimulating MM growth and drug resistance In this review, we discuss the identified metabolic changes in MM and the BM microenvironment and summarize how these identified changes have been targeted (by inhibitors, genetic approaches or deprivation studies) in order to block MM progression and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Oudaert
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arne Van der Vreken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anke Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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6
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Manfredi B, Neighbors JD, Hohl RJ. Cytotoxic Effects of the Schweinfurthin Analog 5′-Methylschweinfurthin G in Malignant Plasma Cells. Pharmacology 2022; 107:510-523. [DOI: 10.1159/000525299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B plasma cell malignancy currently incurable, and novel therapeutics are needed. Evidences regarding the effect of natural compound schweinfurthins suggest that hematological cancers showed growth inhibitory effects to this family of compounds at single nanomolar concentrations. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of the schweinfurthin synthetic analog 5′-methylschweinfurthin G (MeSG) in MM cell lines, to better understand the validity of this compound as a therapeutic candidate for further studies in MM. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> MeSG toxicity against MM cell lines RPMI-8226, MM.1S, and H-929 was evaluated. Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays measured cell viability and mitochondrial activity, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptotic mitochondria. Flow cytometry and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate apoptosis and to examine the cell cycle. Western blotting was used to determine AKT activation upon MeSG treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We provide evidence that in all MM cells analyzed, MeSG exerts diverse cytotoxic effects. MeSG treatment of MM.1S and H-929, but not in RPMI-8226, causes a loss of mitochondria membrane potential. MeSG causes an arrest in G<sub>2</sub>/M, especially in RPMI-8226, supported by decreased levels of cyclin-B1 and early increased levels of p21. Finally, there is a diverse response to the MeSG treatment for AKT phosphorylation. MM.1S and H-929 showed a marked decrease in AKT phosphorylation at earlier time points compared to the RPMI-8226 line. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> MeSG cytotoxicity has been confirmed in all of 3 cell lines studied. Results suggest an early event of increased reactive oxygen species, and/or involvement of cholesterol homeostasis via decreased AKT activation, both of which are currently under investigation.
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7
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Saltarella I, Apollonio B, Lamanuzzi A, Desantis V, Mariggiò MA, Desaphy JF, Vacca A, Frassanito MA. The Landscape of lncRNAs in Multiple Myeloma: Implications in the "Hallmarks of Cancer", Clinical Perspectives and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081963. [PMID: 35454868 PMCID: PMC9032822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive hematological neoplasia caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of aberrant plasmacells. Neoplastic transformation and progression are driven by a number of biological processes, called ‘hallmarks of cancer’, which are regulated by different molecules, including long non-coding RNAs. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate MM development and progression will help to improve patients stratification and management, and promote the identification of new therapeutic targets. Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. Nowadays, lncRNAs are gaining importance as key regulators of gene expression and, consequently, of several biological functions in physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Here, we point out the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). We focus on their ability to regulate the biological processes identified as “hallmarks of cancer” that enable malignant cell transformation, early tumor onset and progression. The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in MM suggests their potential use as clinical biomarkers for diagnosis, patient stratification, and clinical management. Moreover, they represent ideal candidates for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Apollonio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (I.S.); (B.A.); (A.L.); (V.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of General Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Metabolic Disorders in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111430. [PMID: 34768861 PMCID: PMC8584036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and is attributed to monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Cancer cells including myeloma cells deregulate metabolic pathways to ensure proliferation, growth, survival and avoid immune surveillance, with glycolysis and glutaminolysis being the most identified procedures involved. These disorders are considered a hallmark of cancer and the alterations performed ensure that enough energy is available for rapid cell proliferation. An association between metabolic syndrome, inflammatory cytokinesand incidence of MM has been also described, while the use of metformin and statins has been identified as a positive prognostic factor for the disease course. In this review, we aim to present the metabolic disorders that occur in multiple myeloma, the potential defects on the immune system and the potential advantage of targeting the dysregulated pathways in order to enhance antitumor therapeutics.
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9
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Kalushkova A, Nylund P, Párraga AA, Lennartsson A, Jernberg-Wiklund H. One Omics Approach Does Not Rule Them All: The Metabolome and the Epigenome Join Forces in Haematological Malignancies. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5040022. [PMID: 34968247 PMCID: PMC8715477 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation, dysregulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in haematological malignancies. These epimutations, with an impact on chromatin accessibility and transcriptional output, are often associated with genomic instability and the emergence of drug resistance, disease progression, and poor survival. In order to exert their functions, epigenetic enzymes utilize cellular metabolites as co-factors and are highly dependent on their availability. By affecting the expression of metabolic enzymes, epigenetic modifiers may aid the generation of metabolite signatures that could be utilized as targets and biomarkers in cancer. This interdependency remains often neglected and poorly represented in studies, despite well-established methods to study the cellular metabolome. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge in the field to provide an integral picture of the interplay between epigenomic alterations and the cellular metabolome in haematological malignancies. Our recent findings defining a distinct metabolic signature upon response to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) highlight how a shift of preferred metabolic pathways may potentiate novel treatments. The suggested link between the epigenome and the metabolome in haematopoietic tumours holds promise for the use of metabolic signatures as possible biomarkers of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kalushkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick Nylund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Alba Atienza Párraga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
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10
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Giannattasio S, Dri M, Merra G, Caparello G, Rampello T, Di Renzo L. Effects of Fatty Acids on Hematological Neoplasms: A Mini Review. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1538-1548. [PMID: 34355630 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1960389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematological neoplasias are the fourth cause of death in the world. All of them are responsible of bad quality of life, due to heavy therapies administration and a lot of side effects correlated to. It arises a new concept of "multitherapy", in which fatty acids availment is used to contrast and reduce toxic effects and ameliorate chemotherapeutic agents asset. In Vitro studies have confirmed that fatty acids, in particular ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are able to help canonical therapies to contrast cancer cell expansion and proliferation. In clinical trials it is also almost clear that fatty acids are useful to build new personalized therapies for a better condition of life. In this review we have summarized most recent studies on cancer cell lines and clinical trials on patients with fatty acids supplementation in diet therapies. We have found that fatty acids could be useful to contrast side effects during chemotherapeutic drugs therapies; they are also able to block cancer cell metabolic pathways for proliferation and contrast adverse effects, even when they are used in combination with traditional therapies or innovative, like monoclonal antibodies or CAR-T therapy. These aspects are crucial for better health condition of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giannattasio
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Dri
- Doctoral School of Applied Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merra
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caparello
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rampello
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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11
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The fatty acid elongase ELOVL6 regulates bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1933-1946. [PMID: 33821992 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) represents a major obstacle in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). The contribution of lipid metabolism in the resistance of MM cells to BTZ is mostly unknown. Here we report that levels of fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) were lower in MM cells from BTZ-nonresponsive vs BTZ-responsive patients and in cultured MM cells selected for BTZ resistance compared with parental counterparts. Accordingly, depletion of ELOVL6 in parental MM cells suppressed BTZ-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cytotoxicity, whereas restoration of ELOVL6 levels in BTZ-resistant MM cells sensitized them to BTZ in tissue culture settings and, as xenografts, in a plasmacytoma mouse model. Furthermore, for the first time, we identified changes in the BTZ-induced lipidome between parental and BTZ-resistant MM cell lines underlying a functional difference in their response to BTZ. We demonstrated that restoration of ELOVL6 levels in BTZ-resistant MM cells resensitized them to BTZ largely via upregulation of ELOVL6-dependent ceramide species, which was a prerequisite for BTZ-induced ER stress and cell death in these cells. Our data characterize ELOVL6 as a major clinically relevant regulator of MM cell resistance to BTZ, which can emerge from the impaired ability of these cells to alter ceramide composition in response to BTZ.
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12
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism to Induce Myeloma Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102411. [PMID: 34067602 PMCID: PMC8156203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological disease characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Over the past two decades, new therapeutic strategies have significantly improved the treatment outcome and patients survival. Nevertheless, most MM patients relapse underlying the need of new therapeutic approaches. Plasma cells are prone to produce large amounts of immunoglobulins causing the production of intracellular ROS. Although adapted to high level of ROS, MM cells die when exposed to drugs increasing ROS production either directly or by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of ROS-generating drugs for inducing MM cell death and counteracting acquired drug resistance specifically toward proteasome inhibitors.
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13
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Ortiz-Ruiz A, Ruiz-Heredia Y, Morales ML, Aguilar-Garrido P, García-Ortiz A, Valeri A, Bárcena C, García-Martin RM, Garrido V, Moreno L, Gimenez A, Navarro-Aguadero MÁ, Velasco-Estevez M, Lospitao E, Cedena MT, Barrio S, Martínez-López J, Linares M, Gallardo M. Myc-Related Mitochondrial Activity as a Novel Target for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071662. [PMID: 33916196 PMCID: PMC8037116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in the development and acquisition of a malignant phenotype in hematological cancers. Recently, their role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) has been suggested to be therapeutically explored. MYC is a master regulator of b-cell malignancies such as multiple myeloma, and its activation is known to deregulate mitochondrial function. We investigated the impact of mitochondrial activity on the distinct entities of the disease and tested the efficacy of the mitochondrial inhibitor, tigecycline, to overcome MM proliferation. COXII expression, COX activity, mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial membrane potential demonstrated a progressive increase of mitochondrial features as the disease progresses. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic targeting using the mitochondrial inhibitor tigecycline showed promising efficacy and cytotoxicity in monotherapy and combination with the MM frontline treatment bortezomib. Overall, our findings demonstrate how mitochondrial activity emerges in MM transformation and disease progression and the efficacy of therapies targeting these novel vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yanira Ruiz-Heredia
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz Morales
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Aguilar-Garrido
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena García-Ortiz
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valeri
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Bárcena
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Garrido
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gimenez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Velasco-Estevez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Lospitao
- CNIO-Lilly Cell Signalling and Immunometabolism Section, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Cedena
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Barrio
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Linares
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gallardo
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Wu S, Kuang H, Ke J, Pi M, Yang DH. Metabolic Reprogramming Induces Immune Cell Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:591342. [PMID: 33520703 PMCID: PMC7845572 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rewire metabolism to meet their increased nutritional demands, allowing the maintenance of tumor survival, proliferation, and expansion. Enhancement of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is identified in most, if not all cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), which interacts with a hypoxic, acidic, and nutritionally deficient tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes including generation, depletion or accumulation of metabolites and signaling pathways, as well as their relationship with the TME in MM cells. Moreover, we describe the crosstalk among metabolism, TME, and changing function of immune cells during cancer progression. The overlapping metabolic phenotype between MM and immune cells is discussed. In this sense, targeting metabolism of MM cells is a promising therapeutic approach. We propose that it is important to define the metabolic signatures that may regulate the function of immune cells in TME in order to improve the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Medical Center of Assessment of Bone & Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Hospital, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfei Pi
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Elsaadi S, Steiro I, Abdollahi P, Vandsemb EN, Yang R, Slørdahl TS, Rø TB, Menu E, Sponaas AM, Børset M. Targeting phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33397437 PMCID: PMC7784327 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow. To date, this disease is still incurable and novel therapeutic approaches are required. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo serine synthesis pathway, and it has been attributed to bortezomib-resistance in MM. METHODS Two different PHGDH inhibitors, CBR5884 and NCT-503, were tested against human myeloma cell lines, primary MM cells from patients, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors. The PHGDH inhibitors were then tested in combination with proteasome inhibitors in different MM cell lines, including proteasome-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, we confirmed the effects of PHGDH inhibition through knocking down PHGDH and the effect of NCT-503 in vivo in the 5T33MM mouse model. RESULTS All the tested myeloma cell lines expressed PHGDH and were sensitive to doses of NCT-503 that were tolerated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors. Upon testing bortezomib in combination with NCT-503, we noticed a clear synergy in several HMCLs. The sensitivity to bortezomib also increased after PHGDH knockdown, mimicking the effect of NCT-503 treatment. Interestingly, targeting PHGDH reduced the intracellular redox capacity of the cells. Furthermore, combination treatment with NCT-503 and bortezomib exhibited a therapeutic advantage in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the therapeutic potential of targeting PHGDH in MM, and suggest it as a way to overcome the resistance to proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Elsaadi
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ida Steiro
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pegah Abdollahi
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Laboratory Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten N Vandsemb
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Laboratory Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias S Slørdahl
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Baade Rø
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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da Silva IDCG, de Castro Levatti EV, Pedroso AP, Marchioni DML, Carioca AAF, Colleoni GWB. Biochemical phenotyping of multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis reveals a disorder of mitochondrial complexes I and II and a Hartnup-like disturbance as underlying conditions, also influencing different stages of the disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21836. [PMID: 33318510 PMCID: PMC7736334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify novel plasma metabolic signatures with possible relevance during multiple myeloma (MM) development and progression. A biochemical quantitative phenotyping platform based on targeted electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry technology was used to aid in the identification of any eventual perturbed biochemical pathway in peripheral blood plasma from 36 MM patients and 73 healthy controls. Our results showed that MM cases present an increase in short and medium/long-chain species of acylcarnitines resembling Multiple AcylCoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD), particularly, associated with MM advanced International Staging System (ISS). Lipids profile showed lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelins (SM) in the MM patients and its respective ISS groups. MM cases were accompanied by a drop in the concentration of essential amino acids, especially tryptophan, with a significant inverse correlation between the progressive drop in tryptophan with the elevation of β2-microglobulin, with the increase in systemic methylation levels (Symmetric Arginine Dimethylation, SDMA) and with the accumulation of esterified carnitines in relation to free carnitine (AcylC/C0). Serotonin was significantly elevated in cases of MM, without a clear association with ISS. Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio demonstrates that the activity of dioxigenases is even higher in the cases classified as ISS 3. In conclusion, our study showed that MM patients at diagnosis showed metabolic disorders resembling both mitochondrial complexes I and II and Hartnup-like disturbances as underlying conditions, also influencing different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Paula Pedroso
- Departament of Physiology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Augusto Ferreira Carioca
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (MUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Nutrition Department, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gisele Wally Braga Colleoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Zhang Y, Huang N, Xu J, Zheng W, Cui X. Homoharringtonine Exerts an Antimyeloma Effect by Promoting Excess Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4749-4763. [PMID: 33177810 PMCID: PMC7652225 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s279054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Homoharringtonine (HHT) has been used as an antileukemia agent in the clinic which processes a high-potential therapeutic efficacy against multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we investigated the antimyeloma mechanism of HHT. Methods Three MM cell lines and a xenograft model were applied. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by detecting MitoTracker Green, the mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial protein and enzyme activity, the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial morphology. Mitophagy levels were assessed by monitoring autophagosomes, performing a colocalization analysis and determining the levels of related proteins. An shRNA was applied to knockdown Parkin. Results Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, HHT exerted a promising antiproliferative effect on the MM.1S, RPMI 8226 and H929 cell lines by increasing mitophagy. In addition, HHT markedly inhibited myeloma tumor growth and prolonged survival by promoting mitophagy in vivo. Furthermore, HHT treatment contributed to notable mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkin-dependent mitophagy, as evidenced by the destruction of mitochondria, the decrease in the mtDNA copy number, decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and decrease in the levels of mitochondrial proteins and the optimal expression of Parkin and NDP52. However, the addition of rapamycin did not produce significant synergistic effect with HHT, indicating that HHT reached the threshold level to induce mitophagy. The colocalization analysis and assessment of mitochondrial function examination further confirmed that HHT triggered mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the antiproliferative effect of HHT was reversed by an shRNA targeting Parkin, highlighting the indispensable role of Parkin-dependent mitophagy in the antimyeloma effect of HHT. Conclusion HHT exerts an antimyeloma effect by inducing excess mitophagy, providing new mechanistic insights into a therapeutic strategy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Huang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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18
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Myeloma Cells Deplete Bone Marrow Glutamine and Inhibit Osteoblast Differentiation Limiting Asparagine Availability. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113267. [PMID: 33167336 PMCID: PMC7694402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteolytic bone lesions represent an important clinical feature of multiple myeloma (MM). MM cells metabolize very high amounts of glutamine (Gln) and significantly lower Gln in the bone marrow. In this contribution we demonstrate that MM-dependent Gln depletion impairs the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells into osteoblasts, the cells that form new bone tissue. We also found that osteoblast differentiation is associated with increased expression of glutaminase, the main enzyme that metabolizes Gln, SNAT2, a transporter able to accumulate Gln into the cells, and asparagine synthetase, the enzyme that uses Gln to obtain asparagine (Asn). Asn rescued osteoblast differentiation of Gln-starved mesenchymal stromal cells. These results demonstrate that MM cells impair osteoblast differentiation, hindering mesenchymal Asn synthesis through Gln depletion. Besides providing a metabolic mechanism underlying osteolytic lesions in MM, these results suggest that Asn supplementation may prevent bone disease in MM patients. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) cells consume huge amounts of glutamine and, as a consequence, the amino acid concentration is lower-than-normal in the bone marrow (BM) of MM patients. Here we show that MM-dependent glutamine depletion induces glutamine synthetase in stromal cells, as demonstrated in BM biopsies of MM patients, and reproduced in vitro by co-culturing human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with MM cells. Moreover, glutamine depletion hinders osteoblast differentiation of MSCs, which is also severely blunted by the spent, low-glutamine medium of MM cells, and rescued by glutamine restitution. Glutaminase and the concentrative glutamine transporter SNAT2 are induced during osteoblastogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and both needed for MSCs differentiation, pointing to enhanced the requirement for the amino acid. Osteoblastogenesis also triggers the induction of glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase (ASNS), and, among non-essential amino acids, asparagine rescues differentiation of glutamine-starved MSCs, by restoring the transcriptional profiles of differentiating MSCs altered by glutamine starvation. Thus, reduced asparagine availability provides a mechanistic link between MM-dependent Gln depletion in BM and impairment of osteoblast differentiation. Inhibition of Gln metabolism in MM cells and supplementation of asparagine to stromal cells may, therefore, constitute novel approaches to prevent osteolytic lesions in MM.
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19
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Rathore R, Schutt CR, Van Tine BA. PHGDH as a mechanism for resistance in metabolically-driven cancers. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:762-774. [PMID: 33511334 PMCID: PMC7840151 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At the forefront of cancer research is the rapidly evolving understanding of metabolic reprogramming within cancer cells. The expeditious adaptation to metabolic inhibition allows cells to evolve and acquire resistance to targeted treatments, which makes therapeutic exploitation complex but achievable. 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo serine biosynthesis and is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, melanoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma. This review will investigate the role of PHGDH in normal biological processes, leading to the role of PHGDH in the progression of cancer. With an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which PHGDH expression advances cancer growth, we will highlight the known mechanisms of resistance to cancer therapeutics facilitated by PHGDH biology and identify avenues for combatting PHGDH-driven resistance with inhibitors of PHGDH to allow for the development of effective metabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathore
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles R Schutt
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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20
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Feng Q, Yao Q, Li B, Xie Y, Zhang H, Xu Z, Lu K, Hu K, Cheng Y, Shi B, Huang C, Li L, Wu X, You S, Shi J, Zhu W. Glycolysis is suppressed by DCZ0801-induced inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in Multiple Myeloma. J Cancer 2020; 11:4907-4916. [PMID: 32626538 PMCID: PMC7330679 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly invasive and incurable plasma cell malignant disease with frequent recurrence. DCZ0801 is a natural compound synthesized from osalmide and pterostilbene and has few adverse effects. Here, we aimed to observe the therapeutic effects of DCZ0801 on myeloma cells and clarify the specific molecular mechanism underlying its anti-tumor activity. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, apoptosis detection, cell cycle analysis, western blot analysis, and tumor xenograft models were used to determine the effect of DCZ0801 treatment both in vivo and in vitro. We revealed that DCZ0801 treatment suppressed MM cell survival by inducing apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle at S phase. Deranged glycolysis and downregulated Akt/mTOR pathway may also be responsible for cell proliferation inhibition. Moreover, DCZ0801 treatment could remarkably reduce the tumor size in the xenograft mouse model. Therefore these findings indicate that DCZ0801 can be used as a novel therapeutic drug for patients suffering from multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qingchun Yao
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongsheng Xie
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bingqing Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shanxi You
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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21
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The E3 ligase HUWE1 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to target MYC in multiple myeloma. Oncogene 2020; 39:5001-5014. [PMID: 32523091 PMCID: PMC7329634 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have provided a significant advance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Consequently, there is increasing interest in developing strategies to target E3 ligases, de-ubiquitinases, and/or ubiquitin receptors within the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, with an aim to achieve more specificity and reduced side-effects. Previous studies have shown a role for the E3 ligase HUWE1 in modulating c-MYC, an oncogene frequently dysregulated in MM. Here we investigated HUWE1 in MM. We identified elevated expression of HUWE1 in MM compared with normal cells. Small molecule-mediated inhibition of HUWE1 resulted in growth arrest of MM cell lines without significantly effecting the growth of normal bone marrow cells, suggesting a favorable therapeutic index. Studies using a HUWE1 knockdown model showed similar growth inhibition. HUWE1 expression positively correlated with MYC expression in MM bone marrow cells and correspondingly, genetic knockdown and biochemical inhibition of HUWE1 reduced MYC expression in MM cell lines. Proteomic identification of HUWE1 substrates revealed a strong association of HUWE1 with metabolic processes in MM cells. Intracellular glutamine levels are decreased in the absence of HUWE1 and may contribute to MYC degradation. Finally, HUWE1 depletion in combination with lenalidomide resulted in synergistic anti-MM activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, our data demonstrate an important role of HUWE1 in MM cell growth and provides preclinical rationale for therapeutic strategies targeting HUWE1 in MM.
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22
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Mesguich C, Hulin C, Lascaux A, Bordenave L, Marit G, Hindié E. Choline PET/CT in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1394. [PMID: 32481661 PMCID: PMC7352763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of multiple myeloma (MM) imaging has evolved. The International Myeloma Working Group recently recommended performing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose glucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with the aim of staging MM patients at baseline and evaluating response to therapy. Novel oncological radiotracers such as 11C-Choline and 18F-Fluorocholine, have been studied in comparison with 18FDG, mostly in MM patients presenting with refractory disease or suspected relapse. Choline-based tracers may overcome some limitations of 18FDG, which include a lack of sensitivity in depicting skull lesions and the fact that 10% of MM patients are FDG-negative. The majority of MM lesions display a higher uptake of Choline than FDG. Also, in many situations, Choline may offer better lesion visualization, with a higher tumor to background ratio; however, various patterns of Choline and FDG uptake have been observed in MM and some limitations, notably as regards liver lesions, should be recognized. Overall, Choline may provide additional detection of up to 75% more lesions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the potential role of Choline in multiple myeloma, as compared to FDG, encompassing Choline physiopathology as well as data from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mesguich
- CHU Bordeaux, Nuclear Medicine Department, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.B.); (E.H.)
- INSERM U1035, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Cyrille Hulin
- CHU Bordeaux, Haematology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (C.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Axelle Lascaux
- CHU Bordeaux, Haematology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (C.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Laurence Bordenave
- CHU Bordeaux, Nuclear Medicine Department, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Gerald Marit
- INSERM U1035, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Elif Hindié
- CHU Bordeaux, Nuclear Medicine Department, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.B.); (E.H.)
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23
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Saavedra-García P, Martini F, Auner HW. Proteasome inhibition in multiple myeloma: lessons for other cancers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C451-C462. [PMID: 31875696 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00286.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) depends on the controlled degradation of proteins that are damaged or no longer required by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The 26S proteasome is the principal executer of substrate-specific proteolysis in eukaryotic cells and regulates a myriad of cellular functions. Proteasome inhibitors were initially developed as chemical tools to study proteasomal function but rapidly became widely used anticancer drugs that are now used at all stages of treatment for the bone marrow cancer multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we review the mechanisms of action of proteasome inhibitors that underlie their preferential toxicity to MM cells, focusing on endoplasmic reticulum stress, depletion of amino acids, and effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. We also discuss mechanisms of resistance to proteasome inhibition such as autophagy and metabolic rewiring and what lessons we may learn from the success and failure of proteasome inhibition in MM for treating other cancers with proteostasis-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saavedra-García
- Cancer Cell Metabolism Group, Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Martini
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Hematology Unit, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy
| | - Holger W Auner
- Cancer Cell Metabolism Group, Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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