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Krishnan K, Sahoo KC, Kalyanasundaram M, Singh S, Srinivas A, Pathak A, Stålsby Lundborg C, Atkins S, Rousta K, Diwan V. Feasibility assessment of crowdsourcing slogans for promoting household waste segregation in India: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1118331. [PMID: 37900030 PMCID: PMC10600395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1118331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique to engage or access a wider set of experts and multiple stakeholders through online platforms, which might effectively be employed in waste management. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility of the crowdsourcing method to provide an alternative approach that can improve household waste segregation using an "online-slogan-contest". Methods The contest was promoted via targeted emails to various governmental and non-governmental organizations and through social media platforms for around 4 weeks (25 days). The entries were received through a Google form. The slogans were assessed by the experts and analyzed using content analysis methods. Results Total 969 entries were received from different geographic regions in India. Of that, 456 were in English and 513 in Hindi. Five themes of waste segregation emerged from the received slogans: (1) Community awareness, responsibility, and support, (2) Significance of household waste segregation, (3) Use of separate dustbins, (4) Health and well-being, and (5) Environment and sustainability. Discussion Crowdsourcing approaches can be used by local authorities for improving waste management approaches and are recommended as these involve a wider audience within a short time frame. Moreover, this approach is flexible and integrating crowdsourcing approaches strengthens our understanding of existing waste management activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Krishnan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | | | - Surya Singh
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Ashish Pathak
- Department of Pediatrics, R D Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Salla Atkins
- Department of Global Public Health, Social Medicine Infectious Disease and Migration (SIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Health and Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kamran Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sonke J, Sams K, Morgan-Daniel J, Schaefer N, Pesata V, Golden T, Stuckey H. Health Communication and the Arts in the United States: A Scoping Review. Am J Health Promot 2020; 35:106-115. [PMID: 32551833 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120931710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guided by the hypothesis that the arts can play a role in changing attitudes, beliefs, and health behaviors, the objectives of the study were to (1) overview artistic practices, interventions, and research being conducted at the intersection of the arts and health communication and (2) identify desired and observed outcomes and variables measured in these studies. DATA SOURCE The search strategy was developed iteratively with 2 health science librarians and conducted using 8 databases (Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Art and Architecture Source, CINAHL, Communication and Mass Media Complete, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) and hand searching. Articles included were published between 2014 and 2018. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Inclusion criteria include US nonclinical setting and use of the arts (broadly defined) to change health knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, or awareness. Any articles not meeting inclusion criteria were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Covidence's data extraction tool exported to MS Excel. DATA SYNTHESIS This final set of results was analyzed and synthesized by research design, population, sample size, health issue, purpose, variables measured, and findings. RESULTS In all, 78 articles met inclusion criteria. Number of participants ranged from 4 to 2140 (mean = 179); 61 (78.2%) outcome studies, including 8 experimental studies; 17 (21.79%) formative research or reports. Many different health topics were addressed and different art forms used. CONCLUSION The arts can help build knowledge and awareness of health issues. The authors highlight the need to build an evidence base for arts and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Sonke
- 3463University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelley Sams
- 3463University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jane Morgan-Daniel
- 3463University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Schaefer
- 3463University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Virginia Pesata
- 3463University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tasha Golden
- International Arts + Mind Lab, 5170Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Applying NUDGE to Inform Design of EBP Implementation Strategies in Community Mental Health Settings. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2020; 48:131-142. [PMID: 32430590 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-020-01052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the application of NUDGE (Narrow, Understand, Discover, Generate, Evaluate), a behavioral economics approach to systematically identifying behavioral barriers that impede behavior enactment, to the challenge of evidence-based practice (EBP) use in community behavioral health. Drawing on 65 clinician responses to a system-wide crowdsourcing challenge about EBP underutilization, we applied NUDGE to discover, synthesize and validate specific behavioral barriers to EBP utilization that directly inform the design of tailored implementation strategies. To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply behavioral economic insights to clinician-proposed solutions to implementation challenges in order to design implementation strategies. The study demonstrates the successful application of NUDGE to implementation strategy design and provides novel targets for intervention.
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Mathews A, Conserve D, Mason H, Alston L, Rennie S, Tucker J. 'Informed and empowered': a mixed-methods study of crowdsourcing contests to promote uptake of HIV self-testing kits among African Americans. J Virus Erad 2020; 6:74-80. [PMID: 32405425 PMCID: PMC7213069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits are a viable alternative to testing in clinical settings, but research on the effective ways of promoting uptake of HIVST kits has been lacking. The present study examines crowdsourcing contests as community engagement to promote uptake of HIVST kits among African Americans in the southern region of the US. METHODS This mixed-methods study design evaluated two contests through qualitative assessment of contest entries. The first contest elicited ideas on how to promote HIVST kits. The second contest sought branding ideas for a pop-up HIVST booth. Qualitative data were digitally transcribed and analysed using MAXQDA software and axial coding. RESULTS The study participants (n = 296) were mostly African American (n = 258, 87%) and between 18 and 25 years of age (n = 84, 28%). Contestants suggested making HIVST kits available in community sites and highlighting kits as potential sources of knowledge, relief and empowerment. CONCLUSION Crowdsourcing contests are a beneficial community engagement tool to identify new ways to promote uptake of HIVST kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Mathews
- Department of Social Medicine,
UNC Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill,
NC,
USA,Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease,
UNC Chapel Hill,
NC,
USA,Corresponding author: Allison Mathews
333 South Columbia Street, MacNider Hall, Room #348 / CB #7240,
Chapel Hill,
NC27599-7240
| | - Donaldson Conserve
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior,
Arnold School of Public Health,
University of South Carolina,
Columbia,
SC,
USA
| | - Hailey Mason
- Department of Health Policy and Management,
Gillings School of Global Public Health,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
NC,
USA
| | - Le'Marus Alston
- Department of Clinical Psychology,
Fielding Graduate University,
Santa Barbara,
CA,
USA
| | - Stuart Rennie
- Department of Social Medicine,
UNC Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill,
NC,
USA,Center for Bioethics, School of Medicine,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
NC,
USA
| | - Joseph Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease,
UNC Chapel Hill,
NC,
USA,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London,
UK
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5
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‘Informed and empowered’: a mixed-methods study of crowdsourcing contests to promote uptake of HIV self-testing kits among African Americans. J Virus Erad 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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A Bibliometric Analysis of Crowdsourcing in the Field of Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203825. [PMID: 31658763 PMCID: PMC6843338 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With the characteristics of low cost and open call, crowdsourcing has been widely adopted in many fields, particularly to support the use of surveys, data processing, and the monitoring of public health. The objective of the current study is to analyze the applications, hotspots, and emerging trends of crowdsourcing in the field of public health. Using CiteSpace for the visualization of scientific maps, this study explores the analysis of time-scope, countries and institutions, authors, published journals, keywords, co-references, and citation clusters. The results show that the United States is the country with the most publications regarding crowdsourcing applications for public health. Howe and Brabham are the two leading authors in this field. Further, most of the articles published in this field are found in medical and comprehensive journals. Crowdsourcing in public health is increasing and diversifying. The results of this study will enable and support the analysis of the specific role of crowdsourcing in the public health ecosystem.
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Cheng A, Nadkarni VM, Mancini MB, Hunt EA, Sinz EH, Merchant RM, Donoghue A, Duff JP, Eppich W, Auerbach M, Bigham BL, Blewer AL, Chan PS, Bhanji F. Resuscitation Education Science: Educational Strategies to Improve Outcomes From Cardiac Arrest: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 138:e82-e122. [PMID: 29930020 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formula for survival in resuscitation describes educational efficiency and local implementation as key determinants in survival after cardiac arrest. Current educational offerings in the form of standardized online and face-to-face courses are falling short, with providers demonstrating a decay of skills over time. This translates to suboptimal clinical care and poor survival outcomes from cardiac arrest. In many institutions, guidelines taught in courses are not thoughtfully implemented in the clinical environment. A current synthesis of the evidence supporting best educational and knowledge translation strategies in resuscitation is lacking. In this American Heart Association scientific statement, we provide a review of the literature describing key elements of educational efficiency and local implementation, including mastery learning and deliberate practice, spaced practice, contextual learning, feedback and debriefing, assessment, innovative educational strategies, faculty development, and knowledge translation and implementation. For each topic, we provide suggestions for improving provider performance that may ultimately optimize patient outcomes from cardiac arrest.
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Zhang Y, Tang S, Li K, Tso LS, Bayus BL, Glidden D, Yang B, Zheng H, Wei C, Tucker J, Tang W. Quantitative evaluation of an innovation contest to enhance a sexual health campaign in China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:112. [PMID: 30717678 PMCID: PMC6360679 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crowdsourcing method is an excellent tool for developing tailored interventions to improve sexual health. We evaluated the implementation of an innovation contest for sexual health promotion in China. METHODS We organized an innovation contest over three months in 2014 for Chinese individuals < 30 years old to submit images for a sexual health promotion campaign. We solicited entries via social media and in-person events. The winning entry was adapted into a poster and distributed to STD clinics across Guangdong Province. In this study, we evaluated factors associated with images that received higher scores, described the themes of the top five finalists, and evaluated the acceptability of the winning entry using an online survey tool. RESULTS We received 96 image submissions from 76 participants in 10 Chinese provinces. Most participants were youth (< 25 years, 85%) and non-professionals (without expertise in medicine, public health, or media, 88%). Youth were more likely to submit high-scoring entries. Images from professionals in medicine, public health, or media did not have higher scores compared to images from non-professionals. Participants were twice as likely to have learned about the contest through in-person events compared to social media. We adapted and distributed the winning entry to 300 STD clinics in 22 cities over 2 weeks. A total of 8338 people responded to an acceptability survey of the finalist entry. Among them, 79.8% endorsed or strongly endorsed being more willing to undergo STD testing after seeing the poster. CONCLUSIONS Innovation contests may be useful for soliciting images as a part of comprehensive sexual health campaigns in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
- Kirby institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Songyuan Tang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Katherine Li
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lai Sze Tso
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Barry L Bayus
- Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Glidden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics & Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics & Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
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Créquit P, Mansouri G, Benchoufi M, Vivot A, Ravaud P. Mapping of Crowdsourcing in Health: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e187. [PMID: 29764795 PMCID: PMC5974463 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crowdsourcing involves obtaining ideas, needed services, or content by soliciting Web-based contributions from a crowd. The 4 types of crowdsourced tasks (problem solving, data processing, surveillance or monitoring, and surveying) can be applied in the 3 categories of health (promotion, research, and care). Objective This study aimed to map the different applications of crowdsourcing in health to assess the fields of health that are using crowdsourcing and the crowdsourced tasks used. We also describe the logistics of crowdsourcing and the characteristics of crowd workers. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for available reports from inception to March 30, 2016, with no restriction on language or publication status. Results We identified 202 relevant studies that used crowdsourcing, including 9 randomized controlled trials, of which only one had posted results at ClinicalTrials.gov. Crowdsourcing was used in health promotion (91/202, 45.0%), research (73/202, 36.1%), and care (38/202, 18.8%). The 4 most frequent areas of application were public health (67/202, 33.2%), psychiatry (32/202, 15.8%), surgery (22/202, 10.9%), and oncology (14/202, 6.9%). Half of the reports (99/202, 49.0%) referred to data processing, 34.6% (70/202) referred to surveying, 10.4% (21/202) referred to surveillance or monitoring, and 5.9% (12/202) referred to problem-solving. Labor market platforms (eg, Amazon Mechanical Turk) were used in most studies (190/202, 94%). The crowd workers’ characteristics were poorly reported, and crowdsourcing logistics were missing from two-thirds of the reports. When reported, the median size of the crowd was 424 (first and third quartiles: 167-802); crowd workers’ median age was 34 years (32-36). Crowd workers were mainly recruited nationally, particularly in the United States. For many studies (58.9%, 119/202), previous experience in crowdsourcing was required, and passing a qualification test or training was seldom needed (11.9% of studies; 24/202). For half of the studies, monetary incentives were mentioned, with mainly less than US $1 to perform the task. The time needed to perform the task was mostly less than 10 min (58.9% of studies; 119/202). Data quality validation was used in 54/202 studies (26.7%), mainly by attention check questions or by replicating the task with several crowd workers. Conclusions The use of crowdsourcing, which allows access to a large pool of participants as well as saving time in data collection, lowering costs, and speeding up innovations, is increasing in health promotion, research, and care. However, the description of crowdsourcing logistics and crowd workers’ characteristics is frequently missing in study reports and needs to be precisely reported to better interpret the study findings and replicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Créquit
- INSERM UMR1153, Methods Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Cochrane France, Paris, France
| | - Ghizlène Mansouri
- INSERM UMR1153, Methods Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Benchoufi
- Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Vivot
- INSERM UMR1153, Methods Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- INSERM UMR1153, Methods Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Cochrane France, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Tucker JD, Pan SW, Mathews A, Stein G, Bayus B, Rennie S. Ethical Concerns of and Risk Mitigation Strategies for Crowdsourcing Contests and Innovation Challenges: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2018. [PMID: 29523500 PMCID: PMC5866301 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crowdsourcing contests (also called innovation challenges, innovation contests, and inducement prize contests) can be used to solicit multisectoral feedback on health programs and design public health campaigns. They consist of organizing a steering committee, soliciting contributions, engaging the community, judging contributions, recognizing a subset of contributors, and sharing with the community. Objective This scoping review describes crowdsourcing contests by stage, examines ethical problems at each stage, and proposes potential ways of mitigating risk. Methods Our analysis was anchored in the specific example of a crowdsourcing contest that our team organized to solicit videos promoting condom use in China. The purpose of this contest was to create compelling 1-min videos to promote condom use. We used a scoping review to examine the existing ethical literature on crowdsourcing to help identify and frame ethical concerns at each stage. Results Crowdsourcing has a group of individuals solve a problem and then share the solution with the public. Crowdsourcing contests provide an opportunity for community engagement at each stage: organizing, soliciting, promoting, judging, recognizing, and sharing. Crowdsourcing poses several ethical concerns: organizing—potential for excluding community voices; soliciting—potential for overly narrow participation; promoting—potential for divulging confidential information; judging—potential for biased evaluation; recognizing—potential for insufficient recognition of the finalist; and sharing—potential for the solution to not be implemented or widely disseminated. Conclusions Crowdsourcing contests can be effective and engaging public health tools but also introduce potential ethical problems. We present methods for the responsible conduct of crowdsourcing contests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China.,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, China.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen W Pan
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China.,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Allison Mathews
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gabriella Stein
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Barry Bayus
- Kenan-Flagler School of Business, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stuart Rennie
- Social Medicine Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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11
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Crowdsourcing and community engagement: a qualitative analysis of the 2BeatHIV contest. J Virus Erad 2018; 4:30-36. [PMID: 29568551 PMCID: PMC5851182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As HIV cure research advances, it is important to engage local communities. Crowdsourcing may be an effective, bottom-up approach. Crowdsourcing contests elicit public contributions to solve problems and celebrate finalists. We examine the development of a crowdsourcing contest to understand public perspectives about HIV cure research. Methods: We used flyers, emails, online advertisement and phone calls to recruit a convenience sample of community members to participate in focus-group discussions. Participants developed a contest name, logo and hashtag. Qualitative analysis identified emergent themes in the focus group transcripts. Results: Seventy-one people participated in four focus groups. Emergent themes for HIV cure engagement included: (1) emphasising collective approaches to HIV cure; (2) dispelling myths to spur discussion; (3) using HIV cure as motivation for participation; and (4) using creative community engagement. Conclusion: Crowdsourcing contests may be useful for engaging local communities, developing culturally tailored awareness campaign messaging, and encouraging the public to learn more about HIV cure research.
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Zhang A, Pan X, Wu F, Zhao Y, Hu F, Li L, Cai W, Tucker JD. What Would an HIV Cure Mean to You? Qualitative Analysis from a Crowdsourcing Contest in Guangzhou, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:80-87. [PMID: 28891318 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Much HIV cure social science research has focused on high-income countries. Local key population perspectives, especially from people living with HIV (PLHIV), are needed in low- and middle-income countries. We organized an open contest soliciting responses from key populations, including PLHIV, about what a cure would mean in their lives. Tailored in-person events and social media were used to engage PLHIV, men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs, and local residents. We received 471 contributions over 4 months. Our thematic analysis showed that many people perceived that a cure would sterilize HIV and bring about new life for PLHIV. Many individuals believed a cure would decrease PLHIV discrimination and many MSM perceived a cure would decrease MSM discrimination. Some participants noted that a cure could help improve interpersonal relations, particularly with families and partners. Many individuals envisioned HIV cure as a panacea to bring about social stability. Some participants also anticipated changes in attitudes toward sex that may result in increased condomless sex. Our findings suggest a continued need for careful management of patient expectations and community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, School of Anthropology and Sociology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linghua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Mathews A, Farley S, Hightow-Weidman L, Muessig K, Rennie S, Tucker JD. Crowdsourcing and community engagement: a qualitative analysis of the 2BeatHIV contest. J Virus Erad 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Pan SW, Stein G, Bayus B, Tang W, Mathews A, Wang C, Wei C, Tucker JD. Systematic review of innovation design contests for health: spurring innovation and mass engagement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:227-237. [PMID: 29576873 DOI: 10.1136/bmjinnov-2017-000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We undertook a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness and cost of health-focused innovation design contests. We followed Cochrane guidance and systematically searched eight databases. Articles were included if they reported an open contest focused on improving health, required participants submit finished design solutions and contained a prize structure. We searched 3579 citations, identifying 29 health-focused innovation design contests which collectively received 15494 contest submissions. Contests solicited submissions worldwide (7) and exclusively from North America (13), Asia (4), Africa (2), Australia (2) and Europe (1). Submissions per contest ranged from 3 to 11354 (median of 73). Contest entrants were tasked with helping develop health promotion messages (HPM) (25) and improve predictive clinical models, protocols and/or algorithms (4). Two types of contests emerged-those focused on high-quality, innovative outcomes and those focused on the process of mass community engagement. All outcome-oriented contests had innovation design contest solutions equivalent or superior to the comparator (100%; 7/7). Two of two studies found that innovation design contests saved money (100%; 2/2). Five of seven process-oriented contests concluded the contest improved at least one health indicator (71%; 5/7). Innovation design contests are an effective way to solicit innovative solutions to health problems and spur mass community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Pan
- Social Entrepreneurship for Sexual Health, University of North Carolina Project-China Office, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gabriella Stein
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barry Bayus
- Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weiming Tang
- Social Entrepreneurship for Sexual Health, University of North Carolina Project-China Office, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allison Mathews
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Social Entrepreneurship for Sexual Health, University of North Carolina Project-China Office, Guangzhou, China
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Mathews A, Farley S, Blumberg M, Knight K, Hightow-Weidman L, Muessig K, Rennie S, Tucker J. HIV cure research community engagement in North Carolina: a mixed-methods evaluation of a crowdsourcing contest. J Virus Erad 2017; 3:223-228. [PMID: 29057087 PMCID: PMC5632550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a crowdsourcing contest to promote HIV cure research community engagement. METHODS Crowdsourcing contests are open calls for community participation to achieve a task, in this case to engage local communities about HIV cure research. Our contest solicited images and videos of what HIV cure meant to people. Contestants submitted entries to IdeaScale, an encrypted online contest platform. We used a mixed-methods study design to evaluate the contest. Engagement was assessed through attendance at promotional events and social media user analytics. Google Analytics measured contest website user-engagement statistics. Text from contest video entries was transcribed, coded and analysed using MAXQDA. RESULTS There were 144 attendees at three promotional events and 32 entries from 39 contestants. Most individuals who submitted entries were black (n=31), had some college education (n=18) and were aged 18-23 years (n=23). Social media analytics showed 684 unique page followers, 2233 unique page visits, 585 unique video views and an overall reach of 80,624 unique users. Contest submissions covered themes related to the community's role in shaping the future of HIV cure through education, social justice, creativity and stigma reduction. CONCLUSION Crowdsourcing contests are feasible for engaging community members in HIV cure research. Community contributions to crowdsourcing contests provide useful content for culturally relevant and locally responsive research engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Mathews
- University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, NC,
USA,Corresponding author: Allison Mathews,
Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
UNC Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill,
NC27599-7064,
USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kate Muessig
- University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
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Mathews A, Farley S, Blumberg M, Knight K, Hightow-Weidman L, Muessig K, Rennie S, Tucker J. HIV cure research community engagement in North Carolina: a mixed-methods evaluation of a crowdsourcing contest. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Yank V, Agarwal S, Loftus P, Asch S, Rehkopf D. Crowdsourced Health Data: Comparability to a US National Survey, 2013-2015. Am J Public Health 2017. [PMID: 28640681 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.303824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the generalizability of crowdsourced, electronic health data from self-selected individuals using a national survey as a reference. METHODS Using the world's largest crowdsourcing platform in 2015, we collected data on characteristics known to influence cardiovascular disease risk and identified comparable data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used age-stratified logistic regression models to identify differences among groups. RESULTS Crowdsourced respondents were younger, more likely to be non-Hispanic and White, and had higher educational attainment. Those aged 40 to 59 years were similar to US adults in the rates of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Those aged 18 to 39 years were less similar, whereas those aged 60 to 75 years were underrepresented among crowdsourced respondents. CONCLUSIONS Crowdsourced health data might be most generalizable to adults aged 40 to 59 years, but studies of younger or older populations, racial and ethnic minorities, or those with lower educational attainment should approach crowdsourced data with caution. Public Health Implications. Policymakers, the national Precision Medicine Initiative, and others planning to use crowdsourced data should take explicit steps to define and address anticipated underrepresentation by important population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Yank
- Veronica Yank and Sanjhavi Agarwal are with the Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Pooja Loftus is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Steven Asch is with the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, and the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University. David Rehkopf is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University
| | - Sanjhavi Agarwal
- Veronica Yank and Sanjhavi Agarwal are with the Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Pooja Loftus is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Steven Asch is with the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, and the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University. David Rehkopf is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University
| | - Pooja Loftus
- Veronica Yank and Sanjhavi Agarwal are with the Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Pooja Loftus is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Steven Asch is with the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, and the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University. David Rehkopf is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University
| | - Steven Asch
- Veronica Yank and Sanjhavi Agarwal are with the Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Pooja Loftus is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Steven Asch is with the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, and the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University. David Rehkopf is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University
| | - David Rehkopf
- Veronica Yank and Sanjhavi Agarwal are with the Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Pooja Loftus is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Steven Asch is with the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, and the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University. David Rehkopf is with the Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University
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18
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Zhang W, Schaffer D, Tso LS, Tang S, Tang W, Huang S, Yang B, Tucker JD. Innovation contests to promote sexual health in China: a qualitative evaluation. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:78. [PMID: 28088211 PMCID: PMC5237489 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-4006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovation contests call on non-experts to help solve problems. While these contests have been used extensively in the private sector to increase engagement between organizations and clients, there is little data on the role of innovation contests to promote health campaigns. We implemented an innovation contest in China to increase sexual health awareness among youth and evaluated community engagement in the contest. METHODS The sexual health image contest consisted of an open call for sexual health images, contest promotion activities, judging of entries, and celebrating contributions. Contest promotion activities included in-person and social media feedback, classroom didactics, and community-driven activities. We conducted 19 semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample to ensure a range of participant scores, experts and non-expert participants, submitters and non-submitters. Transcripts of each interview were coded with Atlas.ti and evaluated by three reviewers. RESULTS We identified stages of community engagement in the contest which contributed to public health impact. Community engagement progressed across a continuum from passive, moderate, active, and finally strong engagement. Engagement was a dynamic process that appeared to have little relationship with formally submitting an image to the contest. Among non-expert participants, contest engagement increased knowledge, healthy attitudes, and empowered participants to share ideas about safe sex with others outside of the contest. Among experts who helped organize the contest, the process of implementing the contest fostered multi-sectoral collaboration and re-oriented public health leadership towards more patient-centered public health campaigns. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that innovation contests may be a useful tool for public health promotion by enhancing community engagement and re-orienting health campaigns to make them more patient-centered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - David Schaffer
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - Lai Sze Tso
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - Songyuan Tang
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - Shujie Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, No.2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095 China
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Rumsfeld JS, Brooks SC, Aufderheide TP, Leary M, Bradley SM, Nkonde-Price C, Schwamm LH, Jessup M, Ferrer JME, Merchant RM. Use of Mobile Devices, Social Media, and Crowdsourcing as Digital Strategies to Improve Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2016; 134:e87-e108. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Steele SR, Arshad S, Bush R, Dasani S, Cologne K, Bleier JI, Raphaeli T, Kelz RR. Social media is a necessary component of surgery practice. Surgery 2015; 158:857-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Smith RJ, Merchant RM. Harnessing the crowd to accelerate molecular medicine research. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:403-5. [PMID: 26141797 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Crowdsourcing presents a novel approach to solving complex problems within molecular medicine. By leveraging the expertise of fellow scientists across the globe, broadcasting to and engaging the public for idea generation, harnessing a scalable workforce for quick data management, and fundraising for research endeavors, crowdsourcing creates novel opportunities for accelerating scientific progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Smith
- Penn Medicine Social Media and Health Innovation Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raina M Merchant
- Penn Medicine Social Media and Health Innovation Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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