1
|
Simon P, Stefanovics E, Ying S, Gueorguieva R, Krishnan-Sarin S, Buta E. Socioecological factors associated with multiple nicotine product use among U.S. youth: Findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study 2013-2018. Prev Med 2024; 183:107956. [PMID: 38615947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study utilized a socioecological approach to prospectively identify intrapersonal, familial, and environmental factors associated with single nicotine product use (NPU) and multiple NPU among U.S. youth. METHODS Participants were 10,029 youths (ages 12-17 years) who had completed the Population Assessment of Tobacco Health study's Wave 1 (2013-2014) and Wave 4 (2016-2018) assessments and data on past 30-day nicotine product use. Multinomial logistic regression was fit for the 3-level outcome (no use, single NPU, multiple NPU) to estimate adjusted associations between the predictors and the outcome. RESULTS The current study found that intrapersonal (sex, age, race/ethnicity, internalizing symptoms, sensation seeking, harm perceptions, lifetime history of using two or more tobacco products), familial (parental discussion about not using tobacco and living with someone who uses tobacco products) and environmental factors (exposure to tobacco advertising) commonly associated with tobacco use differentiated between individuals who later reported past 30-day NPU (either multiple or single NPU) from those who did not report past 30-day NPU. One familial factor only differentiated between lifetime users who were single NPUs from those who reported no NPU: non-combustible tobacco product use allowed anywhere in the home. Intrapersonal factors differentiated multiple NPU from single NPU: older age, being male, lifetime history of using nicotine product and less harm perceptions. CONCLUSIONS This study identified factors that may be studied to prevent any NPU, along with factors that may be studied to promote harm reduction by preventing escalation of single NPU to problematic patterns of multiple NPU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Elina Stefanovics
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs New England Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Center (MIRECC), West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Shiyao Ying
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Eugenia Buta
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 300 George Street, Ste 511, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shao IY, Suglia SF, An W, Mendez D, Vaccarino V, Alonso A. Characterization of trajectories of physical activity and cigarette smoking from early adolescence to adulthood. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2473. [PMID: 38082250 PMCID: PMC10714571 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking and physical inactivity are two critical risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. However, few studies have compared the long-term trajectories of both behaviors, as well as multilevel factors associated with trajectory patterns. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Wave I through V survey data, this study characterized distinct subgroups of the population sharing similar behavioral patterns from adolescence to adulthood, as well as predictors of subgroup membership for physical activity (PA) and cigarette smoking behavior respectively. METHODS Using the Add Health Wave I through V survey data, we identified the optimal number of latent classes and class-specific trajectories of PA and cigarette smoking from early adolescence to adulthood, fitting latent growth mixture models with standardized PA score and past 30-day cigarette smoking intensity as outcome measures and age as a continuous time variable. Associations of baseline sociodemographic factors, neighborhood characteristics, and sociopsychological factors with trajectory class membership were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS We identified three distinct subgroups of non-linear PA trajectories in the study population: moderately active group (N = 1067, 5%), persistently inactive group (N = 14,257, 69%) and worsening activity group (N = 5410, 26%). Foror cigarette smoking, we identified three distinct non-linear trajectory subgroups: persistent non-smoker (N = 14,939, 72%), gradual quitter (N = 2357, 11%), and progressing smoker (N = 3393, 16%). Sex, race/ethnicity, neighborhood environment and perceived peer support during adolescence were significant predictors of both physical activity and cigarette smoking trajectory subgroup membership from early adolescence to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS There are three distinct subgroups of individuals sharing similar PA and cigarette smoking behavioral profile respectively from adolescence to adulthood in the Add Health study population. Behavioral interventions that focus on neighborhood environment (e.g. establish community-based activity center) and relationship to peers during adolescence (e.g. peer counseling) could be key to long-term PA promotion and cigarette smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Yuefan Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Weihua An
- Department of Sociology and Department of Quantitative Theory and Methods, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Mendez
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magaldino A, Dang C, In E, Nguyen K, Nguyen OT, Motwani K, Feller DB. Patient-Level Characteristics Associated with Tobacco Users and Nonusers at a Student-Run Free Clinic. South Med J 2023; 116:906-912. [PMID: 37913811 PMCID: PMC10624112 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many tobacco users are motivated to quit but lack the resources to do so. To date, studies characterizing tobacco users at student-run free clinics have used small sample sizes, which may not be large enough to detect differences across key variables. As such, we assessed sociodemographic differences between tobacco users and nonusers at a student-run free clinic using a pooled cross-sectional design. METHODS We used patient-level data from the electronic health records for all of the patients who were seen during January 2012 to February 2020 inclusive. Our dependent variable was whether patients self-reported tobacco use. We assessed for differences across age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education level using a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Across 4264 patients, 28.7% reported tobacco use. When controlling for other factors, greater odds of tobacco use were observed in this cohort for patients who were male (odds ratio [OR] 1.690, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.468-1.944), those with educational attainment of 9th to 11th grade (OR 2.291, 95% CI 1.558-3.369), and those who were high school graduates/completed the General Education Development test (OR 1.849, 95% CI 1.295-2.638) compared with those with less than a high school education. Similarly, patients of older age had greater odds of tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Our study found patient-level differences that may need to be integrated into improving the reach of intervention methods. Future research should look at a broader set of metrics (eg, geographic location, socioeconomic status) and ascertain reasons for sociodemographic differences observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Magaldino
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Corina Dang
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Emily In
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ken Nguyen
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Oliver T. Nguyen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kartik Motwani
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - David B. Feller
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pandika D, Guttmannova K, Skinner ML, Sanchez-Rodriguez M, McNeish D, Morales LS, Oesterle S. Tobacco Use Patterns From Adolescence to Young Adulthood Among Latinx Youth From Rural Communities. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:761-768. [PMID: 37395693 PMCID: PMC10524685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine patterns in adolescent and young adult tobacco use, comparing Latinx foreign-born children and children of foreign-born parents (i.e., children of immigrants(COI)) to Latinx US-born children of US-born parents (i.e., children of nonimmigrants,(CONI)) and to CONI White youth who grew up in small and rural towns. METHODS Data were from youth who lived in control communities that participated in a community-randomized trial of the Communities That Care prevention system. We compared Latinx CONI (n = 154) with Latinx COI (n = 316) and with non-Latinx White CONI (n = 918). We examined tobacco use in adolescence (any adolescent use, early onset, and chronic use) and young adulthood (any past-year tobacco use, any daily smoking, any nicotine dependence symptoms) with mixed-effects logistic regressions. RESULTS In adolescence, Latinx CONI had a higher prevalence of any and chronic tobacco use relative to Latinx COI, and of any and early onset tobacco use relative to non-Latinx White CONI. In young adulthood, Latinx CONI were more likely to report tobacco use in the past year, any symptoms of nicotine dependence, and daily smoking relative to Latinx COI; and more likely to report daily smoking relative to non-Latinx White CONI. Generation differences in young adult tobacco use were explained by chronic tobacco use in adolescence. DISCUSSION The study suggests targeting chronic tobacco use in adolescence to prevent disparities in tobacco outcomes among Latinx young adults from rural communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pandika
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Martie L Skinner
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mariel Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel McNeish
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Leo S Morales
- Departments of Medicine and Health Services, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bares CB, Sharma V, Lopez-Quintero C. Socio-demographic Correlates of Electronic Cigarette and Cannabis Co-use Among Naïve and Tobacco Adolescent Users. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:457-475. [PMID: 37038010 PMCID: PMC11101152 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing co-use of e-cigarette and cannabis among youth has become a public health challenge. The present analyses aimed to identify prevalence and correlates of past-month co-use of e-cigarettes and cannabis among adolescents with and without prior tobacco use. For this panel study, 5 years of cross-sectional data (2014-2018) were used from 8th, 10th-, and 12th-grade adolescents in the Monitoring the Future study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. students. We examined prevalence and correlates of e-cigarettes and cannabis co-use among adolescents who had ever used tobacco (n = 15,136) and among those who had never used tobacco (n = 56,525). Adolescents who had ever used tobacco showed significantly higher rates of e-cigarettes and cannabis co-use compared to adolescents who had never used tobacco (17.1% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.01). Results from adjusted multinomial regression models showed that overall, Black and Hispanic adolescents tobacco users were less likely than Whites to co-use e-cigarettes and cannabis. Black adolescents who had used tobacco previously were more likely than Whites to have used cannabis exclusively. Black and Hispanic tobacco-naïve adolescents were more likely than Whites to have used cannabis exclusively, while Black tobacco-naïve adolescents were less likely to use e-cigarettes exclusively or co-use e-cigarettes and cannabis. Overall, males and twelve graders were more likely than males and eight graders to use or co-use cannabis or e-cigarettes, respectively. Among lifetime tobacco users, higher levels of parental education were associated with co-use of cannabis and e-cigarettes. Racial/ethnic-specific patterns of e-cigarette and cannabis co-use depends on adolescents' prior experience with tobacco. The higher rates of use and co-use of e-cigarettes and cannabis among prior tobacco users suggest that targeted interventions are needed for this group. Identified socio-demographic groups at higher risk of co-use of e-cigarettes and cannabis need to be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina B Bares
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 South University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Vinita Sharma
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Catalina Lopez-Quintero
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen G, Rahman S, Lutfy K. E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11345. [PMID: 38389821 PMCID: PMC10880776 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that allow the user to inhale nicotine in a vapor, and are primarily marketed as a means of quitting smoking and a less harmful replacement for traditional cigarette smoking. However, further research is needed to determine if vaping nicotine via e-cigarettes can be effective. Conversely, nicotine has been considered a gateway drug to alcohol and other addictive drugs and e-cigarettes containing nicotine may have the same effects. Previous reports have shown that e-cigarette use may open the gate for the use of other drugs including conventional cigarettes, cannabis, opioids, etc. The increasing prevalence of e-cigarettes, particularly among youth and adolescents in the last decade have led to an increase in the dual use of e-cigarettes with alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drug use like heroin and 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The advent of e-cigarettes as a device to self-administer addictive agents such as cocaine and synthetic cathinones may bring about additional adverse health effects associated with their concurrent use. This review aims to briefly describe e-cigarettes and their different generations, and their co-use with other addictive drugs as well as the use of the device as a tool to self-administer addictive drugs, such as cocaine, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Chen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Woo J. How place matters for smoking cessation: Barriers to smoking cessation among low-income Black women. Health Place 2022; 78:102925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
8
|
Kim MM, Curtin GM. Assessing the Evidence on the Differential Impact of Menthol versus Non-menthol Cigarette Use on Smoking Dependence in the US Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:376-422. [PMID: 36109861 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Menthol's effect on cigarette smoking behaviors is an intensely scrutinized US public health issue. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the question: Does menthol cigarette use have a differential impact on smoking dependence compared with non-menthol cigarette use? Methods: We consulted 6 databases from inception to October 15, 2021. We included articles comparing menthol versus non-menthol cigarette smokers against predefined smoking dependence outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the AHRQ Evidence-Based Practice Center approach. We applied a random-effects model to pool adjusted odds ratios. Results: We synthesized 37 demographically adjusted studies. Meta-analytic results suggested non-menthol smokers were equally/more likely to report daily versus non-daily smoking; menthol use was associated with needing a cigarette within one hour; cigarettes per day was not associated with menthol use; menthol use was associated with a low (vs high) Heaviness of Smoking Index score; and results were either non-significant or associated menthol use with lower TTFC. Conclusions: Despite consistently good or fair quality adjusted studies across several measures, results were discordant depending on measures used and means of measurement. Overall, the evidence is insufficient to draw clear conclusions on a differential association between menthol (vs non-menthol) cigarette use and smoking dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi M Kim
- Mimi M. Kim, Senior Director, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem NC, United States;,
| | - Geoffrey M Curtin
- Geoffrey M. Curtin, retired employee, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cole VT, Hussong AM, McNeish DM, Ennett ST, Rothenberg WA, Gottfredson NC, Faris RW. The Role of Social Position Within Peer Groups in Distress-Motivated Smoking Among Adolescents. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:420-429. [PMID: 35590183 PMCID: PMC9134997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between smoking and adolescents' peer relationships is complex, with studies showing increased risk of smoking for adolescents of both very high and very low social position. A key question is whether the impact of social position on smoking depends on an adolescent's level of coping motives (i.e., their desire to use smoking to mitigate negative affect). METHOD We assessed how social position predicts nicotine dependence in a longitudinal sample (N = 3,717; 44.8% male; mean age = 13.41 years) of adolescent lifetime smokers measured between 6th and 12th grades. Using both social network analysis and multilevel modeling, we assessed this question at the between-person and within-person level, hypothesizing that within-person decreases in social position would lead to increased risk of nicotine dependence among those with high levels of coping motives. RESULTS In contrast to our hypotheses, only interactions with the between-person measures of social position were found, with a slight negative relationship at low levels of coping motives. In addition, the main effect of coping motives was considerably stronger than that of social position at the between-person level, and social position had no significant within-person main effect on nicotine dependence risk. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that adolescents with higher overall levels of social position among their peers may have slightly decreased risk for nicotine dependence, but only when coping motives are low. Counter to expectations, higher levels of nicotine dependence risk were not linked to fluctuations in social position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica T. Cole
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Correspondence may be sent to Veronica T. Cole at the Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, or via email at:
| | - Andrea M. Hussong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Susan T. Ennett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Nisha C. Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert W. Faris
- Department of Sociology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Woo J, Lawrence E, Mollborn S. Racial/ethnic and gender differences in smoking in middle adulthood. SSM Popul Health 2022; 18:101119. [PMID: 35652089 PMCID: PMC9149197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
11
|
Wang G, Schwartz GL, Kim MH, White JS, Glymour MM, Reardon S, Kershaw KN, Gomez SL, Inamdar PP, Hamad R. School Racial Segregation and the Health of Black Children. Pediatrics 2022; 149:186781. [PMID: 35434734 PMCID: PMC9173588 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few researchers have evaluated whether school racial segregation, a key manifestation of structural racism, affects child health, despite its potential impacts on school quality, social networks, and stress from discrimination. We investigated whether school racial segregation affects Black children's health and health behaviors. METHODS We estimated the association of school segregation with child health, leveraging a natural experiment in which school districts in recent years experienced increased school segregation. School segregation was operationalized as the Black-White dissimilarity index. We used ordinary least squares models as well as quasi-experimental instrumental variables analysis, which can reduce bias from unobserved confounders. Data from the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1997-2014, n = 1248 Black children) were linked with district-level school segregation measures. Multivariable regressions were adjusted for individual-, neighborhood-, and district-level covariates. We also performed subgroup analyses by child sex and age. RESULTS In instrumental variables models, a one standard deviation increase in school segregation was associated with increased behavioral problems (2.53 points on a 27-point scale; 95% CI, 0.26 to 4.80), probability of having ever drunk alcohol (0.23; 95% CI, 0.049 to 0.42), and drinking at least monthly (0.20; 95% CI, 0.053 to 0.35). School segregation was more strongly associated with drinking behaviors among girls. CONCLUSIONS School segregation was associated with worse outcomes on several measures of well-being among Black children, which may contribute to health inequities across the life span. These results highlight the need to promote school racial integration and support Black youth attending segregated schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Wang
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gabriel L Schwartz
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Min Hee Kim
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin S White
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sean Reardon
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kiarri N Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pushkar P Inamdar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rita Hamad
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim MM, Curtin GM. Assessing the Evidence on the Differential Impact of Menthol versus Non-menthol Cigarette Use on Initiation and Progression to Regular Smoking: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:143-163. [PMID: 35501962 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite numerous assessments of the public health impact of menthol cigarettes, a rigorous synthesis related to menthol cigarettes and behavioral outcomes is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the question: Does menthol cigarette use have a differential impact on initiation and progression to regular smoking compared to non-menthol cigarette use? Methods: We consulted 6 databases from their inception to October 15, 2021. We included articles comparing menthol versus non-menthol smokers among 4 predefined smoking initiation and progression outcomes. We assessed risk of bias was using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-Based Practice Center approach. We applied a random-effects model to pool adjusted odds ratios. Results: We qualitatively synthesized 16 adjusted studies across the outcomes. Results from one meta-analysis suggested no difference between menthol and non-menthol smokers in likelihood to report daily versus non-daily smoking. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis did not identify a consistent, statistically significant, or differential association between menthol use and progression to regular smoking. Varying definitions of outcome measures and lack of longitudinal evidence limited the confident conclusions that could be drawn from this evidence base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi M. Kim
- Mimi M. Kim, Senior Director, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem NC United States; kimm1@rjrt. com
| | - Geoffrey M. Curtin
- Geoffrey M. Curtin, Retired employee of RAI Services company, Winston-Salem NC, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Simon P, Jiang Y, Buta E, Sartor CE, Krishnan-Sarin S, Gueorguieva R. Longitudinal Trajectories of Multiple Nicotine Product Use Among Youths in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e223549. [PMID: 35319763 PMCID: PMC8943628 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Multiple nicotine product use (MNPU) among youths is a significant public health concern. Much remains unknown about the patterns of MNPU in youths, including how socioecological factors influence trajectories of MNPU, which may inform targeted prevention. Objective To identify longitudinal trajectories of MNPU and characterize them according to socioecological factors associated with tobacco use. Design, Setting, and Participants This US-based longitudinal survey study used data from waves 1 (September 12, 2013, to December 14, 2014) through 4 (December 1, 2016, to January 3, 2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Participants included 10 086 youths (aged 12-17 years) at wave 1, with follow-up data at waves 2 to 4 (assessed approximately 1 year apart) in the youth or adult data sets. Data were analyzed from January 15, 2020, to December 22, 2021. Exposures Socioecological factors at wave 1. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcome variables were days of use in the past 30 days of 4 products: cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco. Factors associated with use of the nicotine products that were collected at wave 1 included sociodemographic factors, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, living with a tobacco user, rules about tobacco use at home, conversations with parents about not using tobacco, tobacco accessibility, and exposure to advertising. Multitrajectory latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct subgroups with similar patterns of use over time. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with class membership. Weights were applied to all data except frequencies to account for the complex survey design. Results Of the 10 086 youths included in the analysis, 5142 (51.2%) self-identified as male; 4792 (54.7%) were non-Hispanic White; and 5315 (50.6%) were aged 12 to 14 years. Six latent trajectory classes were identified: nonuse (8056 [78.2%]), experimentation (908 [9.8%]), increasing e-cigarette/cigarette use (359 [4.0%]), increasing cigarette/cigar use (320 [3.3%]), decreasing cigarette/e-cigarette/cigar use (302 [3.2%]), and stable smokeless tobacco/cigarette use (141 [1.6%]). Compared with the nonuse class, being older (odds ratio [OR] range, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.94-3.32] to 9.49 [95% CI, 6.03-14.93]), being female (OR range, 0.06 [95% CI, 0.03-0.14] to 0.71 [95% CI, 0.53-0.94]), living with a tobacco user (OR range, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.11-1.83] to 4.94 [95% CI, 3.43-7.13]), and having relaxed rules about noncombustible tobacco product use at home (OR range, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.02-1.94] to 3.42 [95% CI, 1.74-6.75]) were associated with classification in all the use classes. A high degree of difficulty accessing tobacco was associated with lower odds of membership in the increasing cigarette/cigar use vs nonuse classes (OR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.40-0.98]). Conclusions and Relevance These survey results highlight the heterogeneity of longitudinal pathways of MNPU in US youths and suggest directions for future prevention and regulatory efforts directed at tobacco use behaviors in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yannuo Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eugenia Buta
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carolyn E. Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Glasser AM, Onnen N, Craigmile PF, Schwartz E, Roberts ME. Associations between disparities in tobacco retailer density and disparities in tobacco use. Prev Med 2022; 154:106910. [PMID: 34921833 PMCID: PMC8750533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research has separately established that there are disparities in tobacco use, that greater tobacco retailer density (TRD) is positively associated with tobacco use, and that TRD is greater in high poverty and high racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods. Connecting these topics, this study examined the association between disparities in TRD and disparities in the prevalence of tobacco use among adults and youth. We obtained Ohio data on tobacco use from two statewide adult surveys and two sub-state regional youth surveys (2017-2019). Licensed tobacco retailers in Ohio were geocoded within census tracts. Disparity in TRD within regions across the state was defined as the ratio of TRD in high vs. low poverty (and in high vs. low racial/ethnic minority) census tracts per region. Disparity in cigarette smoking (adults) and any tobacco use (youth) was defined as the ratio of use prevalence among socioeconomically disadvantaged vs. non-disadvantaged (and racial/ethnic minority vs. non-minority) individuals. We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients to assess the linear relationship between the TRD disparity ratios and tobacco use disparity ratios. Poverty-based and race/ethnicity-based TRD disparities were positively associated with smoking disparities among adults. Negative associations between TRD disparities and tobacco use disparities were found among youth. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis directly linking TRD disparities and tobacco use disparities. Different adult and youth findings may be due to trends by age and product preferences. For adults in particular, this analysis suggests a detrimental effect of the tobacco retail environment on disadvantaged populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Glasser
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Onnen
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Cockins Hall, 958 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter F Craigmile
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Cockins Hall, 958 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elli Schwartz
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan E Roberts
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma P, Kalaskar R. Evaluation of Various Factors Which Motivate Children in Ashram Schools of Central India Region to Consume Tobacco Products. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:554-557. [PMID: 34824513 PMCID: PMC8585895 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco is consumed in myriad forms in India. The rural population has to bear the brunt of smokeless tobacco products. This leads to several complications. More so, among the rural population, this habit comes into practice at a very young age. Aims and objectives To determine the prevalence of consumption of tobacco products among young adolescents, at the same time to evaluate the psychological motivation factors for the same. Materials and methods A sample of 2,000 students of the ashram schools was given a detailed questionnaire which included the questions regarding accessibility, liking, source of motivation, and fear of health hazards. Statistical analysis The statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 22, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Depending on the nature of the data, descriptive statistics were performed to assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption and motivational factors associated with it. Results The prevalence of tobacco consumption among children was 37.2%. Fifty-one percent of the tobacco users consumed kharra (a mixture of tobacco, lime, areca nut). Forty percent of the tobacco users began using tobacco after the age of 10 years. For 65% of the individuals’ tobacco products were easily accessible. Conclusion With the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the easy accessibility to the products in the rural areas is responsible for the children to indulge in such a harmful habit. Clinical significance This study focused on the factors that motivate the school-going children in the ashram schools to consumption of various tobacco products. This can give a clear insight as to what measures need to be taken to curb such a problem. How to cite this article Sharma P, Kalaskar R. Evaluation of Various Factors Which Motivate Children in Ashram Schools of Central India Region to Consume Tobacco Products. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):554–557.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ritesh Kalaskar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Slob EAW, Rietveld CA. Genetic predispositions moderate the effectiveness of tobacco excise taxes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259210. [PMID: 34739507 PMCID: PMC8570524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of preventable death. In this study, we analyze whether someone's genetic predisposition to smoking moderates the response to tobacco excise taxes. METHODS We interact polygenic scores for smoking behavior with state-level tobacco excise taxes in longitudinal data (1992-2016) from the US Health and Retirement Study (N = 12,058). RESULTS Someone's genetic propensity to smoking moderates the effect of tobacco excise taxes on smoking behavior along the extensive margin (smoking vs. not smoking) and the intensive margin (the amount of tobacco consumed). In our analysis sample, we do not find a significant gene-environment interaction effect on smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS When tobacco excise taxes are relatively high, those with a high genetic predisposition to smoking are less likely (i) to smoke, and (ii) to smoke heavily. While tobacco excise taxes have been effective in reducing smoking, the gene-environment interaction effects we observe in our sample suggest that policy makers could benefit from taking into account the moderating role of genes in the design of future tobacco control policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. W. Slob
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelius A. Rietveld
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gone H, Abdul NS, Pisarla M, Kumar KP, Kulkarni G, Audurthi RK. A Cross-sectional Study to Assess Factors that Determine Tobacco Habit Initialization and Cessation and Oral Cancer Awareness among General Population of Vikarabad District, Telangana. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1613-S1619. [PMID: 35018040 PMCID: PMC8686997 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_312_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to assess factors that determine tobacco habit initialization and cessation and oral cancer awareness among the general population of Vikarabad district, Telangana. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population of the Vikarabad district. All tobacco users satisfying inclusion criteria of age 18-40 years and at least 1 year of tobacco usage were included in the study. Multistage random sampling was followed to select tobacco users and structured, pretested questionnaires were distributed. The populations mean age was 30 years with majority being rural residents and men contributing the majority of the study population. RESULTS The mean age at which a person begins to smoke was 20.4 ± 5.7 years among the general population. Peer influence (77%) was reported as one of the major reasons, and habit formation was found to be the major factor (55.6%) for continuing tobacco and also work stress (17%) and relaxation (17%). The primary reason for quitting was fear or awareness of the adverse effects of tobacco. Self-abstinence was reported as a predominant method that they followed to quit tobacco habit during the past year, while 16.3% reported that they did not give it a try. About 58.6% of participants were advised by a health-care provider to quit tobacco, respectively. A major proportion of tobacco users (71%) knew that tobacco causes oral cancer. Half of the study population is unaware of oral cancer's early symptoms, noncontagious progression, lifestyle modification, and early treatment have a good prognosis. CONCLUSION Findings of the study highlight the factors to be considered in framing effective antitobacco policies applicable to the rural population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hariprasad Gone
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Oral Pathology, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Pisarla
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Meghana Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
| | - Karuparty Pavan Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ganesh Kulkarni
- Department of Oral Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Scieces, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ganesh Kulkarni, Department of Oral Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Scieces, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim S, Hwang H. Model-based recursive partitioning of extended redundancy analysis with an application to nicotine dependence among US adults. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 74:567-590. [PMID: 33782960 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extended redundancy analysis (ERA) is used to reduce multiple sets of predictors to a smaller number of components and examine the effects of these components on a response variable. In various social and behavioural studies, auxiliary covariates (e.g., gender, ethnicity) can often lead to heterogeneous subgroups of observations, each of which involves distinctive relationships between predictor and response variables. ERA is currently unable to consider such covariate-dependent heterogeneity to examine whether the model parameters vary across subgroups differentiated by covariates. To address this issue, we combine ERA with model-based recursive partitioning in a single framework. This combined method, MOB-ERA, aims to partition observations into heterogeneous subgroups recursively based on a set of covariates while fitting a specified ERA model to data. Upon the completion of the partitioning procedure, one can easily examine the difference in the estimated ERA parameters across covariate-dependent subgroups. Moreover, it produces a tree diagram that aids in visualizing a hierarchy of partitioning covariates, as well as interpreting their interactions. In the analysis of public data concerning nicotine dependence among US adults, the method uncovered heterogeneous subgroups characterized by several sociodemographic covariates, each of which yielded different directional relationships between three predictor sets and nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunmee Kim
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shartle K. Do high school friends still matter for health behavior in adulthood? Variations in smoking trajectories by adolescent peer smoking networks, race/ethnicity, and gender. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100925. [PMID: 34604496 PMCID: PMC8473763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peers play an influential role in the initiation of smoking during adolescence. However, there has been limited literature examining whether adolescent peers are associated with longer-term patterns of smoking. This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine whether age-based trajectories of smoking likelihood from adolescence to adulthood are associated with the number of adolescent friends who smoked and how this association differs by race/ethnicity and gender. Findings using multilevel growth curve models indicate that individuals who have more adolescent friends who smoked have higher probabilities of smoking during adolescence than those with no adolescent smoking friends. As individuals age into adulthood, the association between adolescent friends’ smoking behavior and individual-level smoking begin to dissipate but does not completely disappear. Further analyses show that there are no differences in this association by gender, but there are differences by race/ethnicity. These findings suggest that high school friends continue to be associated with trajectories of smoking even twenty years after high school. These results indicate that anti-smoking campaigns should take a network approach to preventing smoking in adolescence as well as recognize that the same campaign strategy may not work for all groups. Adolescent friends are associated with smoking trajectories into adulthood. The friends-smoking association wanes with age but does not completely dissipate. This friends-smoking association increases with age for Black adults. There are no significant differences in the friends-smoking association by gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Shartle
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, 155 Pauli Murray Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3100, United States.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim MM, Curtin GM. Assessing the evidence on the differential impact of menthol versus non-menthol cigarette use on smoking cessation in the U.S. population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2021; 16:61. [PMID: 34380503 PMCID: PMC8359586 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-021-00397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The potential impact of menthol versus non-menthol cigarette use on smoking behaviors is an intensely scrutinized topic in the public health arena. To date, several general literature reviews have been conducted, but findings and conclusions have been discordant. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines to examine the Key Question, “Does menthol cigarette use have a differential impact on smoking cessation compared with non-menthol cigarette use?” Methods Six databases—Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycInfo—were queried from inception to June 12, 2020. Articles comparing menthol versus non-menthol cigarette smokers in terms of at least one predefined smoking cessation outcome were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-Based Practice Center approach. A random-effects model utilizing the DerSimonian and Laird method to pool adjusted odds ratio was applied. Variations among pooled studies were assessed using Cochran’s Q statistic, and heterogeneity was quantified using the inconsistency index (I2). Results Forty-three demographically adjusted studies (22 rated “good”, 20 rated “fair”, and one study rated “poor” individual study quality) comparing menthol and non-menthol smokers were qualitatively synthesized across the following measures (study count; strength of evidence): duration of abstinence (2; low); quit attempts (15; insufficient); rate of abstinence/quitting (29; moderate); change in smoking quantity/frequency (5; insufficient); and, return to smoking/relapse (2; insufficient). Overall, the qualitative synthesis failed to show a consistent trend for an association between menthol cigarette use and smoking cessation across outcomes. Meta-analyses found no difference between menthol and non-menthol cigarette use and either quit attempts or abstinence. Conclusions Given the lack of consistency or statistical significance in the findings—combined with a “low” overall strength of evidence grade, based on deficiencies of indirectness and inconsistency—no consistent or significant associations between menthol cigarette use and smoking cessation were identified. Recommendations for future studies include increased focus on providing longitudinal, adjusted data collected from standardized outcome measures of cessation to better inform long-term smoking cessation and menthol cigarette use. Such improvements should also be further considered in more methodologically rigorous systematic reviews characterized by objectivity, comprehensiveness, and transparency with the ultimate objective of better informing public health and policy decision making. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13011-021-00397-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi M Kim
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Geoffrey M Curtin
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rahmani N, Veldhuizen S, Wong B, Selby P, Zawertailo L. The effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy in light versus heavier smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:2028-2036. [PMID: 33984144 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of light smoking has increased in North America; however, research on the effectiveness of current treatments in this sub-population of smokers is limited. We compared quit outcomes between light (1-10 cigarettes per day (CPD)) versus heavier smokers (>10 CPD) enrolled in a treatment program at their primary care clinic. METHODS This secondary analysis analyzed 45,087 participants (light smokers (n=9,861); heavier smokers (n=35,226)) enrolled in a smoking cessation program between April 2016 and March 2020. The program offered cost-free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) plus in-person counselling. Type, dose and duration of NRT treatment was personalized. Data were collected at baseline, and at 6-month following enrollment to assess 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA), the primary outcome variable of interest. Logistic regression models were used for analyses. RESULTS Seven-day PPA at 6-months was significantly higher among light smokers (30.6%) than heavier smokers (26.0%; OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.18-1.33, p<0.001). Heavier smokers were prescribed more weeks of NRT than light smokers (B=0.82, 95% CI= 0.64-1.0, p<0.001). The association between smoking cessation and daily NRT dose did not differ between groups (p=0.98). However, a stronger positive relationship between the number of clinic visits attended and 7-day PPA was found among heavier smokers in comparison to light smokers (p<0.001). All findings remained significant after adjusting for baseline variables. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of scientific literature on the effectiveness of NRT for light smokers. Our findings suggest that individualized doses of NRT may be helpful in these sub-populations, and highlights the different treatment needs of light smokers. IMPLICATIONS Current clinical guidelines do not provide formal recommendations for light smokers who want to quit smoking. Similar to heavy smokers, light smokers are at substantial risk for many adverse health problems. As such, it is important to understand what treatment options are effective in assisting light smokers to quit smoking. Findings from this study support the use of personalized treatment for all smokers who are interested in quitting smoking, including light smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Rahmani
- University of Toronto, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Toronto, ON.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Nicotine Dependence Service, Toronto, ON
| | - Scott Veldhuizen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Nicotine Dependence Service, Toronto, ON
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Nicotine Dependence Service, Toronto, ON
| | - Peter Selby
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Nicotine Dependence Service, Toronto, ON.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON.,University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, ON.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- University of Toronto, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Toronto, ON.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Nicotine Dependence Service, Toronto, ON
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nagawa CS, Faro JM, Menon AJ, Ito Fukunaga M, Williams JH, Mourao D, Emidio OM, Davis M, Pbert L, Cutrona SL, Houston TK, Sadasivam RS. Written Advice Given by African American Smokers to Their Peers: Qualitative Study of Motivational Messages. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e21481. [PMID: 33929332 PMCID: PMC8128361 DOI: 10.2196/21481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although African Americans have the lowest rates of smoking onset and progression to daily smoking, they are less likely to achieve long-term cessation. Interventions tailored to promote use of cessation resources in African American individuals who smoke are needed. In our past work, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a technology-assisted peer-written message intervention for increasing smoking cessation in non-Hispanic White smokers. In this formative study, we have adapted this intervention to be specific for African American smokers. OBJECTIVE We aimed to report on the qualitative analysis of messages written by African American current and former smokers for their peers in response to hypothetical scenarios of smokers facing cessation challenges. METHODS We recruited African American adult current and former smokers (n=41) via ResearchMatch between April 2017 and November 2017. We asked participants to write motivational messages for their peers in response to smoking-related hypothetical scenarios. We also collected data on sociodemographic factors and smoking characteristics. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify cessation strategies suggested by the study participants. RESULTS Among the study participants, 60% (25/41) were female. Additionally, more than half (23/41, 56%) were thinking about quitting, 29% (12/41) had set a quit date, and 27% (11/41) had used electronic cigarettes in the past 30 days. Themes derived from the qualitative analysis of peer-written messages were (1) behavioral strategies, (2) seeking help, (3) improvements in quality of life, (4) attitudes and expectations, and (5) mindfulness/religious or spiritual practices. Under the behavioral strategies theme, distraction strategies were the most frequently suggested strategies (referenced 84 times in the 318 messages), followed by use of evidence-based treatments/cessation strategies. Within the seeking help theme, subthemes included seeking help or support from family/friends or close social networks (referenced 56 times) and health care professionals (referenced 22 times). The most frequent subthemes that emerged from improvements in the quality of life theme included improving one's health (referenced 22 times) and quality of life (referenced 21 times). Subthemes that emerged from the attitude and expectations theme included practicing positive self-talk (referenced 27 times), autonomy/independence from the smoking habit (referenced six times), and financial cost of smoking (referenced five times). The two subthemes that emerged from the mindfulness/religious or spiritual practices theme were use of self-awareness techniques (referenced 36 times) and religious or spiritual practices to cope (referenced 13 times). CONCLUSIONS Our approach to adapt a prior peer-message intervention to African American smokers yielded a set of evidence-based messages that may be suitable for smokers at all phases of motivation to quit (ready to quit or not ready to quit). In future research, we plan to assess the impact of texting these messages to African American smokers in a smoking cessation trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Nagawa
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jamie M Faro
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Anitha J Menon
- Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mayuko Ito Fukunaga
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Meyers Primary Care Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Dalton Mourao
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Oluwabunmi M Emidio
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Maryann Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lori Pbert
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sarah L Cutrona
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Thomas K Houston
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Rajani S Sadasivam
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Emre N, Edirne T, Ozsahin A. Waterpipe smoking, internet addiction and depression: A public health problem trio? Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13852. [PMID: 33237606 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe smoking and Internet addiction may result in a new public health problem globally. This study aimed to explore waterpipe use among a large group of adolescents and its association with Internet use, mental health, primarily depression and their demographic characteristics. METHODS Using a stratified random sampling method, 2054 tertiary school students aged 14-18 years were recruited in 2019. Demographical information and use of tobacco products (eg, waterpipe) were explored and compared with severity of Internet addiction and mental status. RESULTS A total of 288 (14.0%) adolescents had ever used waterpipe. Multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that being male (OR = 2.55 and 95% CI = 1.98-3.30; P = .0001), being depressed (OR = 1.62 and 95% CI = 1.24-2.11) and excessive Internet use (OR = 1.94 and 95% CI = 1.50-2.52; P = .0001) were significantly associated with waterpipe use. Family income and parents' educational status showed no relationship with waterpipe smoking. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that adolescents who are depressed and who use the Internet excessively are at an increased risk for waterpipe use, independent of income and parenteral education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Emre
- Medical School, Department of Family Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tamer Edirne
- Medical School, Department of Family Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aysun Ozsahin
- Medical School, Department of Family Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Attarabeen O, Alkhateeb F, Sambamoorthi U, Larkin K, Newton M, Kelly K. Impact of Cognitive and Social Factors on Smoking Cessation Attempts among US Adult Muslim Smokers. Innov Pharm 2020; 11. [PMID: 34007626 PMCID: PMC8075139 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v11i3.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muslims in the United States (US) exhibit high rates of cigarette smoking. Guided by the Social Cognitive Theory, the study aimed to investigate the associations between the number of serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts and cognitive as well as environmental factors in adult US Muslim smokers. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a convenience sample of adult (≥ 18 years) US Muslim smokers. After receiving IRB approval, data were collected using an on-line survey. Unadjusted Poisson regression followed by adjusted multivariable Poisson regression analyses were conducted to answer the research question. Results One hundred thirty-two smokers completed the questionnaire. Smokers reported more serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts if they 1) had more knowledge about the consequences of cigarette smoking cessation, 2) had more positive attitudes regarding quitting, and 3) reported greater religiosity. Additionally, smokers reported fewer serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts if they 1) were employed, 2) affiliated with Sunnah sect, 3) reported better self-assessed health, 4) reported higher perceived value for quitting, and 5) indicated that using tobacco was not allowed inside the home. Only three smokers reported using both prescription medications and counseling to aid with smoking cessation attempts. Conclusions Inadequate utilization of pharmaceutical smoking cessation products and provider professional assistance may exacerbate the problems associated with elevated rates of smoking among US Muslim smokers. Knowledge of the consequences, more positive attitudes, and greater religiosity can be influential constructs in future interventions aimed at encouraging smoking cessation attempts in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Attarabeen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Research, & Administration, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University
| | - Fadi Alkhateeb
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, South College School of Pharmacy, Knoxville, TN
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (North), Department of Pharmaceutical Systems & Policy, West Virginia University
| | - Kevin Larkin
- Department of Psychology, Eberly College of Arts & Sciences, Life Sciences Building, West Virginia University
| | - Michael Newton
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (North), Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Kimberly Kelly
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (North), Department of Pharmaceutical Systems & Policy, West Virginia University
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Urman R, McConnell R, Unger JB, Cruz TB, Samet JM, Berhane K, Barrington-Trimis JL. Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Social Environments and Ever Use of Each Product: A Prospective Study of Young Adults in Southern California. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:1347-1354. [PMID: 29741713 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A supportive youth cigarette social environment, for example, friends' approval of use, leads to cigarette use initiation, and cigarette users develop a more supportive social environment. Whether there is a bidirectional relationship of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) social environment with e-cigarette use has not been studied. METHODS Prospective data were collected from 1441 Children's Health Study participants in 2014 (median age = 17.3 years) and at follow-up 1.5 years later. Associations were examined of (1) supportive e-cigarette social environment with subsequent e-cigarette use initiation and (2) baseline e-cigarette use with supportive e-cigarette social environment at follow-up (among those with a nonsupportive baseline social environment). RESULTS Participants with three to four friends using e-cigarettes at baseline (vs. no friends) had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.08 of subsequent initiation (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96 to 8.49); those with best friends who would have a very friendly (vs. unfriendly) reaction to e-cigarette use had an OR of 2.54 of initiation (95% CI = 1.57 to 4.10); and those with someone in the home using e-cigarettes had an OR of 1.94 of initiation (95% CI = 1.19 to 3.15). Participants who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline developed a supportive social environment at follow-up (OR of 2.06 of having any friends who used e-cigarettes [95% CI = 1.29 to 3.30] and OR of 2.33 of having friends who were friendly toward use [95% CI = 1.32 to 4.11]). Similar bidirectional associations were observed between ever cigarette use and a supportive cigarette social environment. CONCLUSIONS The bidirectional relationship between a supportive e-cigarette social environment and ever use of e-cigarettes was similar to that previously observed between cigarette social environment and cigarette use. IMPLICATIONS Disrupting the social acceptability of youth e-cigarette use merits consideration as a strategy for preventing initiation of e-cigarette use, just as the social denormalization of cigarette use has proven to be effective in preventing cigarette initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Urman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tess B Cruz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Harris KM, Halpern CT, Whitsel EA, Hussey JM, Killeya-Jones LA, Tabor J, Dean SC. Cohort Profile: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1415-1415k. [PMID: 31257425 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn Tucker Halpern
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jon M Hussey
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ley A Killeya-Jones
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Epidemiology Research Team, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joyce Tabor
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah C Dean
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hassett-Walker C, Shadden M. Examining Arrest and Cigarette Smoking in Emerging Adulthood. Tob Use Insights 2020; 13:1179173X20904350. [PMID: 32082049 PMCID: PMC7005980 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x20904350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite prior studies, transitions in smoking patterns are not fully
understood. Getting arrested may alter an individual’s smoking pattern
through processes proscribed by the criminological labeling theory. This
study examined how arrest during emerging adulthood altered smoking behavior
during subsequent years and whether there were differential effects by
race/ethnicity and gender. Methods: We analyzed 15 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
1997. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed using Stata software
version 14. Results: For both genders, arrested black men and women had the most distinct smoking
transitions (both increases and decreases) as compared with their
non-arrested counterparts. Among men, particularly black males, arrest in
early adulthood was associated with the men transitioning to both increased
and decreased smoking. Patterns in smoking transitions for women were less
clear, suggesting that women’s smoking may be influenced by factors not in
the models. Women had a low probability of starting to smoke or increasing
smoking if they were never arrested between 18 and 21 years of age. Conclusions: The results for transitioning into increased smoking offer some support for
labeling theory processes. Other findings suggest that arrest may lead to
some men reducing or quitting smoking. Early adulthood arrest may serve to
“shock the system” and contribute to males altering their prior smoking
behavior. Implications: Tobacco use over the life course, particularly across different racial and
ethnic groups, remains understudied. This study contributes to the
literature using a nationally representative sample to examine the effect of
getting arrested in emerging adulthood on cigarette use during subsequent
years. In conducting the study, investigators combined theories and
methodological approaches from 2 complementary disciplines: public health
and criminal justice. Because criminal justice policymakers tend to focus on
issues like ex-offender unemployment, public health officials can provide
guidance regarding the effect of justice system involvement on smoking,
particularly given the adverse health outcomes of using cigarettes.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cosanella T, Youkhaneh N, Bennett N, Morrell HER. Demographic Moderators of the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cigarette Smoking. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:2229-2240. [PMID: 31339418 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1642358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Research suggests that there is a dose-response relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and cigarette smoking, such that as ACE score increases, so do the odds of smoking behavior, but little is known about what factors moderate this relationship. Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine demographic characteristics as potential moderators of relationship between ACE score and cigarette smoking. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2013 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. The sample included 2,604 U.S. adults (54.8% female; Age: M = 53.3, SD = 8.10). We used multinomial logistic regression to test sex, race, income, and education as moderators of the relationship between ACE score and smoking. Results: ACEs were not significantly associated with smoking behavior. No interactions between ACE score and sex, race, education, or income significantly predicted smoking outcomes. Sex, race, education, and income were significantly and independently associated with smoking outcomes. Men, individuals with lower income and education, and certain ethnic/racial groups reported greater odds of smoking. Conclusions/Importance: Results suggest that there may not be a relationship between ACEs and smoking later in life. Additionally, the relationship between ACEs and smoking in adulthood may not depend on basic demographic features. Knowing which populations are more vulnerable to smoking can help clinicians better assess and tailor interventions to meet the needs of their patients by using culturally sensitive interventions and obtaining resources to help improve treatment access, motivation, and success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Cosanella
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California , USA
| | - Nicolette Youkhaneh
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California , USA
| | - Nicole Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California , USA
| | - Holly E R Morrell
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California , USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Attarabeen O, Alkhateeb F, Larkin K, Sambamoorthi U, Newton M, Kelly K. Tobacco Use among Adult Muslims in the United States. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1385-1399. [PMID: 30964368 PMCID: PMC6510592 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1581223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with the general United States (US) population, Muslims in the US exhibit elevated rates of tobacco use. As a result, they might be at a higher risk for preventive disease and premature death as compared with the general US population. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) factors that are associated with tobacco use among a sample of adult Muslims in the US. METHODS Data were collected (November 2016-March 2017) using a cross-sectional, on-line survey from a convenience sample of adult (≥ 18 years) US Muslims. Participants with a lung cancer history were excluded. Associations between SCT factors and tobacco use were investigated with bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Eligible participants (n = 271) from 30 states completed the survey; 52.8% reported current tobacco use. A higher rate of current tobacco use was reported by men (62.8%) as compared to women (41.3%), x2(1, N = 271) = 12.49, p < .001. In terms of cognitive factors, individuals who (1) expected more personal consequences for tobacco use on health, and (2) had more confidence regarding ability to abstain from tobacco use, were less likely to report current tobacco use. In terms of environmental factors, individuals whose family members did not use tobacco were less likely to report current tobacco use. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that family-oriented interventions emphasizing self-efficacy and personal consequences to prevent tobacco use can potentially be effective in reducing tobacco use rates in the adult US Muslim population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Attarabeen
- a Department of Pharmacy Practice, Research, & Administration , School of Pharmacy, Marshall University , Huntington , West Virginia , USA
| | | | - Kevin Larkin
- c Department of Psychology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- d Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (North), Department of Pharmaceutical Systems & Policy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
| | - Michael Newton
- e Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (North), Department of Clinical Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
| | - Kimberly Kelly
- d Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (North), Department of Pharmaceutical Systems & Policy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cohn AM. Never, non-daily, and daily smoking status and progression to daily cigarette smoking as correlates of major depressive episode in a national sample of youth: Results from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health 2013 to 2015. Addict Behav 2018; 84:118-125. [PMID: 29684762 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with depression, and new initiates who progress more quickly to daily smoking may be at enhanced risk. In a nationally representative sample of youth, this study examined the association between daily, non-daily, and never smoking with past-year and lifetime major depressive episode (MDE) and, among daily smokers, whether faster progression to daily smoking was associated with increased MDE risk. METHODS Data were from n = 44,921 youth aged 12-17 in the 2013-2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Weighted adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of smoking status (daily, non-daily, never) with lifetime and past-year MDE, and the association between progression from cigarette trial to daily smoking with MDE outcomes among daily smokers. RESULTS Daily and non-daily smokers had similar rates of lifetime and past-year MDE; rates of MDE were approximately 50% lower among never smokers. Compared to never smokers, adjusted models showed that non-daily smokers had a higher risk of past-year and lifetime MDE, while daily smokers had a higher risk of past-year but not lifetime MDE. Daily smoking youth who progressed more quickly from cigarette trial to daily use had an increased risk of both lifetime and past-year MDE. CONCLUSIONS Prevention programs should target factors associated with the shift from cigarette experimentation to regular use to curb deleterious consequences of use.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teenage motherhood and smoking have important health implications for youth in the United States and globally, but the link between teen childbearing and subsequent smoking is inadequately understood. The selection of disadvantaged young women into early childbearing and smoking may explain higher smoking levels among teen mothers, but teen motherhood may also shape subsequent smoking through compromised maternal depression or socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity may condition these processes. OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between US teen childbearing and subsequent daily smoking, accounting for prior smoking and selection processes related to social disadvantage. Analyses investigate whether socioeconomic status and depression in young adulthood explained any relationship between teen childbearing and daily smoking, as well as examining racial/ethnic heterogeneity in these processes. METHODS Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses employ the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 7,529). RESULTS The highest daily smoking prevalence occurred among non-Hispanic White teen mothers, with lower prevalence among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black teen mothers. Compared to other women, teenage mothers are 2.5 times as likely to smoke daily in young adulthood. Their greater likelihood of daily smoking is due in part to selection and is also mediated by socioeconomic status in ways that differ by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that preventing teen pregnancy or ameliorating its socioeconomic consequences may decrease daily smoking in this vulnerable population. Reducing teen smoking, especially during pregnancy, could improve teen, maternal, and infant health and thereby increase US health and longevity. CONTRIBUTION This study provides new, nationally representative information about selection, mediation, and heterogeneity processes in the relationship between teen childbearing and subsequent smoking.
Collapse
|
32
|
Dunbar MS, Tucker JS, Ewing BA, Parast L, Pedersen ER, Rodriguez A, D’Amico EJ. Ethnic Differences in Cigarette Use Trajectories and Health, Psychosocial, and Academic Outcomes. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:327-333. [PMID: 29248389 PMCID: PMC6670291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cigarette smoking among youth is associated with poorer health and psychosocial outcomes. However, few studies address how smoking may differentially relate to the emergence of disparities in functioning across races/ethnicities over adolescence. METHODS Youth (n = 2,509) were surveyed eight times from ages 11 to 18. We measured cigarette use, academic and social functioning, mental and physical health, and delinquency. Sequelae of change models controlled for sociodemographic factors, and tested whether intercept and slope for smoking trajectories were associated with outcomes at the end of high school, and examined racial/ethnic differences in outcomes assuming similar smoking trajectories across groups. RESULTS Youth were 45% Hispanic, 20% Asian, 20% white, 10% multiethnic, 2% black, and 1% other ethnicities. Higher average probability of smoking and steeper slopes of smoking trajectories were associated with poorer outcomes in multiple domains. Controlling for smoking trajectories, we observed the following disparities (vs. white youth; all p's < .05): black, Hispanic, and multiethnic youth reported lower academic performance; Asian, black, and multiethnic youth reported higher academic unpreparedness; Asian and multiethnic youth reported poorer mental health; Asian, Hispanic, and multiethnic youth reported poorer physical health; and Asian youth reported higher delinquency and poorer social functioning. CONCLUSIONS Statistically adjusting for similar smoking trajectories, racial/ethnic minority youth demonstrated poorer outcomes in multiple domains compared with white peers. Smoking may be a particularly robust marker for risk of negative outcomes in racial/ethnic minority youth. Screening for cigarette use and intervening on smoking and associated risk behaviors among minority youth may help reduce disparities in functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Dunbar
- RAND Corporation, 4750 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joan S. Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA
| | - Brett A. Ewing
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA
| | - Layla Parast
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thompson AB, Mowery PD, Tebes JK, McKee SA. Time Trends in Smoking Onset by Sex and Race/Ethnicity Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Findings From the 2006-2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:312-320. [PMID: 28339616 PMCID: PMC5896447 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction During the 2000s the number of adolescents who became new smokers in the United States declined while the number of young adults who did so increased. However, we do not know among which demographic groups these changes occurred. Methods We analyzed data from the 2006 to 2013 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (n = 180 079). Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess annual trends in smoking onset and log-binomial regression models to assess changes over time in the risk of smoking onset among young adults (18- to 25-years-old) relative adolescents (12- to 17-years-old). Results From 2006 to 2013, the rate of onset among young adults (6.3%) was greater than among adolescents (1.9%). Time trends demonstrated that annual declines in smoking onset occurred among white young adult males and females. Rates of smoking onset increased among black and Hispanic young adult males with a lower rate of decline among black and Hispanic young adult females. There was a greater risk of smoking onset among young adults relative to adolescents that did not change over time. Conclusions Smoking onset is becoming more concentrated in the young adult than adolescent years. Despite this trend, there were annual declines in young adult smoking onset but not uniformly across racial/ethnic groups. More effective strategies to prevent young adult smoking onset may contribute to a further decline in adult smoking and a reduction in tobacco-related health disparities. Implications Smoking onset is becoming more concentrated in the young adult years across sex and racial/ethnic groups. The United States may be experiencing a period of increasing age of smoking onset and must develop tobacco control policies and practices informed by these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azure B Thompson
- The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pre-adolescent Receptivity to Tobacco Marketing and Its Relationship to Acquiring Friends Who Smoke and Cigarette Smoking Initiation. Ann Behav Med 2018; 51:730-740. [PMID: 28255935 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-017-9896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study extends research on receptivity to tobacco marketing over a key developmental period for cigarette smoking experimentation. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of receptivity to tobacco marketing and exposure to friends who smoke on smoking experimentation. METHODS Participants were 10 to 13 years old who had never tried cigarettes (n = 878), interviewed six times at 8-month intervals. RESULTS At baseline, 25% percent of the 10 and 11 years old in the sample of never smokers were receptive to tobacco marketing, while less than 5% had friends who smoked. Having a friend who smoked at study baseline and acquiring such friends for the first time during the study were the strongest predictors of smoking experimentation. Initial receptivity to tobacco marketing increased the risk of smoking experimentation independently of having friends who smoke at baseline or acquiring friends who smoke throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS The high level of receptivity observed even among 10 and 11 years old and its robust relationship with cigarette smoking experimentation independent of the significant risk associated with having friends who smoke suggests that successful prevention of receptivity may require intervention at an early age.
Collapse
|
35
|
Therapeutic Approaches to Acquired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Dysfunction in Chronic Bronchitis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 13 Suppl 2:S169-76. [PMID: 27115953 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201509-601kv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common cause of morbidity and a rising cause of mortality worldwide. Its rising impact indicates the ongoing unmet need for novel and effective therapies. Previous work has established a pathophysiological link between the chronic bronchitis phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis as well as phenotypic similarities between these two airways diseases. An extensive body of evidence has established that cigarette smoke and its constituents contribute to acquired dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein in the airways, pointing to a mechanistic link with smoking-related and chronic bronchitis. Recent interest surrounding new drugs that target both mutant and wild-type CFTR channels has paved the way for a new treatment opportunity addressing the mucus defect in chronic bronchitis. We review the clinical and pathologic evidence for modulating CFTR to address acquired CFTR dysfunction and pragmatic issues surrounding clinical trials as well as a discussion of other ion channels that may represent alternative therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
36
|
Piña JA, Namba MD, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Cabrera-Brown G, Gipson CD. Social Influences on Nicotine-Related Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 140:1-32. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
37
|
Eitle D, Thorsen M, Eitle TM. School Context and American Indian Substance Use. THE SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 2017; 54:420-429. [PMID: 29225409 PMCID: PMC5716479 DOI: 10.1016/j.soscij.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study extends prior research exploring the role of school contextual factors in predicting individual adolescent substance use by examining how a school's racial composition is associated with American Indian adolescent tobacco and marijuana use. Using a subsample of 523 American Indian students from the restricted use Add Health data, we consider both individual and school contextual factors across 99 schools. Our results suggest that a school's racial composition is associated with individual tobacco and marijuana use among American Indian youth, but in different ways depending upon the substance. Our findings illustrate the importance of extending research on the correlates of substance use for racial and ethnic minorities beyond studies examining African-Americans and/or Hispanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Eitle
- Montana State University, Department of Sociology & Anthropology. Wilson 2-130, P.O. Box 172380, Bozeman, MT 59717.
| | - Maggie Thorsen
- Montana State University, Department of Sociology & Anthropology. Wilson 2-130, P.O. Box 172380, Bozeman, MT 59717.
| | - Tamela McNulty Eitle
- Montana State University, Department of Sociology & Anthropology. Wilson 2-130, P.O. Box 172380, Bozeman, MT 59717.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Samson FL. Immigration concern and the white/non-white difference in smoking: Group position theory and health. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:111-120. [PMID: 29349209 PMCID: PMC5769020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
National data indicate that U.S. whites have a higher prevalence of smoking compared to non-whites. Group position theory and public opinion data suggest racial differences in immigration concern. This study examines whether immigration concern mediates the racial difference in smoking. Drawing on the 2012 General Social Survey, the 2012 American National Election Study, and the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study, immigration concern was associated with smoking, controlling for covariates across all three nationally representative surveys. Mediation analysis indicated that immigration concern partially mediated the higher odds of smoking among whites across all surveys. Immigration concern also presents a possible explanation for the healthy immigrant advantage and Hispanic paradox as they pertain to smoking differences.
Collapse
|
39
|
Assari S, Lankarani MM. Income Gradient in Renal Disease Mortality in the United States. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:190. [PMID: 29164123 PMCID: PMC5681740 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases and associated mortality follow a social gradient and chronic kidney disease is not an exception to this rule. Intermediate behavioral and medical factors that may explain such social gradients are, however, still unknown. Objectives Using nationally representative data in the United States, this study was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of medical and behavioral risk factors on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and renal disease mortality. Patients and methods Americans’ Changing Lives Study (ACL), 1986–2011, is a 25-year nationally representative prospective cohort study. ACL followed 3,361 adults for up to 25 years. Income, education, and unemployment were the main predictors of interest. Death due to renal disease was the main outcome. Health behaviors (smoking, drinking, and exercise) and medical risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, and obesity) were the mediators. Cox proportional hazards models were used for data analysis. Results Higher income (HR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.62–0.89) was associated with lower risk of death due to renal disease over the 25-year follow-up period. Although health behaviors and medical risk factors at baseline were also predictors of the outcome, they failed to explain the effect of income on death due to renal disease. That is, income was associated with death due to renal disease above and beyond all potential mediators including behavioral and medical risk factors. Conclusion Socioeconomic inequalities in the United States cause disparities in renal disease mortality; however, such differences are not due to health behaviors (smoking and drinking) and medical risk factors (hypertension and diabetes). To reduce disparities in renal disease mortality in the United States, policies should go beyond health behaviors and medical risk factors. While programs should help low-income individuals maintain exercise and avoid smoking, reduction of income disparities should be regarded as a strategy for reduction of disparities in renal disease mortality. By increasing minimum pay and minimizing the income gap, we may reduce disparities in renal disease mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture, and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Goings TC, Hidalgo ST, McGovern PP. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cigarette Use Trends in the United States among Multiracial and Other Youth, 1994-2008. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042617731338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use among the multiracial population is grossly underresearched. This study explored the cigarette-smoking trends of multiracial individuals over time in comparison with monoracial individuals and assessed the relationship between cigarette smoking and factors at the individual, family, peer, school, and state levels. This study used data collected by the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents and Adult Health from 1994 to 2008. This study examined a subsample of 9,421 respondents who self-identified as Black, Asian, American Indian, Hispanic, White, or multiracial. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the population-level data. Findings suggest that multiracial individuals reported high rates of cigarette use over time. The most consistent correlates of cigarette use were family factors, peer cigarette use, and school policies that prohibit staff from smoking on school premises. Additional research is needed to identify the correlates and causes of cigarette use among multiracial adolescents and young adults.
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu J, Zhao S, Chen X, Falk E, Albarracín D. The influence of peer behavior as a function of social and cultural closeness: A meta-analysis of normative influence on adolescent smoking initiation and continuation. Psychol Bull 2017; 143:1082-1115. [PMID: 28771020 PMCID: PMC5789806 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the influence of peers on adolescent smoking should vary depending on social dynamics, there is a lack of understanding of which elements are most crucial and how this dynamic unfolds for smoking initiation and continuation across areas of the world. The present meta-analysis included 75 studies yielding 237 effect sizes that examined associations between peers' smoking and adolescents' smoking initiation and continuation with longitudinal designs across 16 countries. Mixed-effects models with robust variance estimates were used to calculate weighted-mean Odds ratios. This work showed that having peers who smoke is associated with about twice the odds of adolescents beginning (OR ¯ = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.76, 2.19]) and continuing to smoke (OR ¯ = 1.78, 95% CI [1.55, 2.05]). Moderator analyses revealed that (a) smoking initiation was more positively correlated with peers' smoking when the interpersonal closeness between adolescents and their peers was higher (vs. lower); and (b) both smoking initiation and continuation were more positively correlated with peers' smoking when samples were from collectivistic (vs. individualistic) cultures. Thus, both individual as well as population level dynamics play a critical role in the strength of peer influence. Accounting for cultural variables may be especially important given effects on both initiation and continuation. Implications for theory, research, and antismoking intervention strategies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Siman Zhao
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Emily Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu B. Racial group categorization in minority drug use studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 43:621. [PMID: 28075175 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1258707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- a Department of Epidemiology , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen X, Yu B, Wang Y. Initiation of Electronic Cigarette Use by Age Among Youth in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:396-399. [PMID: 28372920 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid increase in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smoking among U.S. youth requires data regarding the age pattern of initiation risk for effective tobacco use prevention. METHODS Data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey (N=20,680, aged 11-19 years, 50.6% male) were analyzed using survival analysis in 2016 to quantify the likelihood of e-cigarette use initiation by age, overall and by gender and racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS The estimated mean age of e-cigarette initiation was 17.50 (95% CI=17.47, 17.52) years. The estimated hazards of e-cigarette use initiation were 0 up to age 6 years, increased slowly from age 7 to 11 years, and continued with an accelerated increase up to age 17 years before it slowed down. There were significant gender (male > female) and racial/ethnicity (from high to low: multiracial, white, Hispanic, African, and Asian) differences in the age pattern. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette smoking is initiated as young as age 7 years. Different from conventional cigarette smoking with peak initiation risk at age 14-15 years, the likelihood of initiating e-cigarette smoking continues to increase up to age 18 years. The unique age pattern and significant gender and racial/ethnic differences provide useful data to support further research to strengthen tobacco use prevention in the U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cho D, Park CL. Smoking and sedentary behavior changes from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A multilevel modeling perspective. Prev Med 2017; 101:223-228. [PMID: 28040518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present research investigated a) the effects of psychological (e.g., depressive symptoms, delinquency) and neighborhood socioeconomic environmental factors (e.g., education, poverty, proportion of racial/ethnic minorities) on changes in smoking and sedentary behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood and b) whether there were any cross-level interactions based on socio-ecological models. A series of multilevel analyses (level-1: individual-level; level-2: neighborhood-level) were conducted with the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) wave I (1995) and wave III (2001) data among about 10,000 US adolescents. Adolescents' delinquency (but not depressive symptoms) predicted emerging adults' progression to daily smokers. Adolescents living in neighborhoods with more Hispanics reported being less likely to initiate smoking and progress to daily smoking during emerging adulthood. Adolescents living in neighborhoods with lower education levels reported more sedentary behaviors during emerging adulthood. However, there were no cross-level interactions between individual-level psychological factors and neighborhood-level environmental factors. Supporting the notion of socio-ecological models, not only psychological factors but also neighborhood environments warrant research attention to explain changes in risky health behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Theory-based research with appropriate characteristics across multiple levels is required to better understand emerging adults' risky health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalnim Cho
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Rd., Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, United States.
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Rd., Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jaisoorya TS, Beena KV, Beena M, Jose DC, Ellangovan K, Thennarasu K, Benegal V. Prevalence & correlates of tobacco use among adolescents in Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:704-711. [PMID: 28361823 PMCID: PMC5393081 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1873_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Most tobacco users who initiate its use during adolescence are likely to continue the use into adulthood and contribute to the 90 per cent of premature deaths among tobacco users. In this context the prevalence, patterns and correlates of tobacco use were studied among adolescent school students in Kerala, India. Methods: Total 7560 students from classes 8, 10 and 12, within the age group of 12-19 yr, across 73 schools in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India, selected by cluster random sampling, completed a self-administered questionnaire incorporating standardized instruments. Results: Of the 7350 valid questionnaires, the overall lifetime prevalence of tobacco use was 6.9 per cent (12.5% males and 1.2% females). The prevalence of tobacco use increased from 3.1 per cent at 12-13 yr to 15.1 per cent at 18-19 yr. The mean age of onset of tobacco use was 14.0±2.2 yr. The prevalence was higher among students from urban backgrounds, lower socio-economic status and those with part-time jobs. Tobacco users had significantly higher rates of use of alcohol (67.8 vs. 11%) and illicit drugs (33 vs. 6.1%). They had poorer academic performance (24.7 vs. 9.1%), more severe psychological distress (10.8 vs. 4.5%), suicidal attempts (10.2 vs. 3.5%), higher scores of ratings of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (8.3 vs. 2.5%) and history of sexual abuse (12.5 vs. 3.8%). Interpretation & conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use in adolescents reported in this study was relatively lower than those reported from other Indian States. However, it correlates with multiple negative outcomes suggesting a need to promote specific interventions to prevent adolescent tobacco use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Jaisoorya
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - K V Beena
- National Rural Health Mission, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M Beena
- National Rural Health Mission, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Dalia C Jose
- National Rural Health Mission, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - K Ellangovan
- Department of Health & Family Welfare, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - K Thennarasu
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yu E, Lippert AM. Race/ethnicity modifies the association between school prevalence of e-cigarette use and student-level use: Results from the 2014 US National Youth Tobacco Survey. Health Place 2017; 46:114-120. [PMID: 28527326 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed racial/ethnic moderation of the association between school prevalence of lifetime e-cigarette use and students' use. Using multilevel regression methods and data from the 2014 US National Youth Tobacco Survey, we found attending schools with high rates of e-cigarette use was positively associated with students' lifetime use of e-cigarettes, especially for white students. A cross-level interaction term indicated a weaker association between non-Hispanic black race and attending high-use schools (odds ratio [OR] =0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.39, 0.95). Results implicate race/ethnicity as an important effect modifier in the link between school contexts and teenage e-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States
| | - Adam M Lippert
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 105, PO Box 173364 Denver, CO 80217, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sillice MA, Babbin SF, Paiva AL, Redding CA, Rossi JS, Velicer WF. Assessing demographic differences in decisional balance for smoking prevention and temptations to try smoking among adolescent subgroups. Tob Prev Cessat 2017; 3:14. [PMID: 32432188 PMCID: PMC7232824 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/70562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking initiation remains prevalent in adolescence. Effective prevention methods are needed to dissuade this behavior. Demographic factors are identified as important risk factors in the developmental nature of smoking in adolescence. The current study investigates potential demographic differences for two new trans-theoretical model measures, the Decisional Balance Inventory (pros and cons) for Smoking Prevention and the Temptations to Try Smoking Scale. METHODS A sample of 6th grade Rhode Island students from 20 middle schools (N = 4151) who were participating in a longitudinal and computer-delivered intervention for substance abuse prevention was assessed on these measures at baseline. Three MANOVA tests were conducted to assess the impact of race (White vs. Non-White), ethnicity (Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic) and gender (male vs female). RESULTS Significant effects for race and ethnicity were found for Decisional Balance and Temptations to Try Smoking. For race, Whites reported lesser pros (p <.0001) and Non-Whites reported higher cons (p <.0001) and temptations to try smoking (p <.0001). Differences for ethnicity showed that Hispanics were higher on pros (p <.0001) and temptations to try smoking (p <.0001) than Non-Hispanics. Non-Hispanics reported higher cons (p <.0001). Gender differences were noted only for temptations to try smoking, and showed females were higher on this construct than males (p <.0001). The effect sizes were .01 or below. CONCLUSIONS The results did not demonstrate a strong association between these demographics and constructs, suggesting that tailored prevention methods based solely on these factors may not dissuade smoking in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Sillice
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, United States
| | - Steven F. Babbin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, United States
| | - Andrea L. Paiva
- Cancer Prevention Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States
| | - Colleen A. Redding
- Cancer Prevention Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States
| | - Joseph S. Rossi
- Cancer Prevention Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States
| | - Wayne F. Velicer
- Cancer Prevention Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yi Z, Mayorga ME, Hassmiller Lich K, Pearson JL. Changes in cigarette smoking initiation, cessation, and relapse among U.S. adults: a comparison of two longitudinal samples. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:17. [PMID: 28316562 PMCID: PMC5351179 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-017-0121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tobacco epidemic in the U.S. has matured in the past decade. However, due to rapidly changing social policy and commercial environments, tailored prevention and interventions are needed to support further reduction in smoking. METHODS Using Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) 2002-2003 and 2010-2011 longitudinal cohorts, five smoking states are defined including daily-heavy, daily-light, non-daily, former and non-smoker. We quantified the changes between smoking states for the two longitudinal cohorts, and used a series of multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association of socio-demographic attributes and initial smoking states on smoking initiation, cessation, and relapse between waves within each cohort. RESULTS The prevalence of adult heavy smoking decreased from 9.9% (95% CI: 9.6%, 10.2%) in 2002 to 7.1% (95% CI: 6.9%, 7.4%) in 2010. Non-daily smokers were less likely to quit in the 2010-2011 cohort than the 2002-2003 cohort (37.0% vs. 44.9%). Gender, age group, smoker type, race and marital status exhibit similar patterns in terms of their association to the odds of initiation, cessation and relapse between the two cohorts, while education groups showed some inconsistent results between the two cohorts regarding the odds of cessation. CONCLUSIONS Transitions between smoking states are complex and increasingly unstable, requiring a holistic, population-based perspective to understand the stocks and flows that ultimately dictate the public health impact of cigarette smoking behavior. This knowledge helps to identify groups in need of increased tobacco control prevention and intervention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Yi
- Operations Research Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Maria E Mayorga
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Kristen Hassmiller Lich
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1105E McGavran-Greenberg HallCB #7411, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411 USA
| | - Jennifer L Pearson
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research & Policy Studies, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC USA.,Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Troxel WM, Shih RA, Ewing B, Tucker JS, Nugroho A, D'Amico EJ. Examination of neighborhood disadvantage and sleep in a multi-ethnic cohort of adolescents. Health Place 2017; 45:39-45. [PMID: 28285183 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and lower individual-level socioeconomic status are associated with poorer sleep health in adults. However, few studies have examined the association between neighborhood-level disadvantage and sleep in adolescents, a population at high-risk for sleep disturbances. METHODS The current study is the first to examine how objective (i.e. via census tract-level data) and subjective measures of neighborhood disadvantage are associated with sleep in a racially/ ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 2493 youth [Non-Hispanic White (20%), Hispanic (46%), Asian (21%), and Multiracial/ Other (13%)]. RESULTS Findings indicated that greater perceived neighborhood-level social cohesion and lower neighborhood-level poverty were associated with better sleep outcomes in adolescents. However, there was some evidence that the magnitude of the associations differed according to family-level socioeconomic status and race/ ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that subjective and objective neighborhood characteristics may affect the sleep health of older adolescents, with certain demographic subgroups being particularly vulnerable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M Troxel
- RAND Corporation, Behavioral and Policy Sciences, 4501 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Regina A Shih
- RAND Corporation, Behavioral and Policy Sciences, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050, USA.
| | - Brett Ewing
- RAND Corporation, Behavioral and Policy Sciences, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
| | - Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, Behavioral and Policy Sciences, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
| | - Alvin Nugroho
- RAND Corporation, Behavioral and Policy Sciences, 4501 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Elizabeth J D'Amico
- RAND Corporation, Behavioral and Policy Sciences, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Binge Drinking, Cannabis and Tobacco Use Among Ethnic Norwegian and Ethnic Minority Adolescents in Oslo, Norway. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:992-1001. [PMID: 25037580 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking, cannabis use and tobacco use among ethnic Norwegians and ethnic minority adolescents in Oslo. We used data from a school-based cross-sectional survey of adolescents in junior- and senior high schools in Oslo, Norway. The participants were 10,934 adolescents aged 14-17 years, and just over half were females. The sample was comprised of 73.2 % ethnic Norwegian adolescents, 9.8 % 1st generation immigrants, and 17 % 2nd generation adolescents from Europe, the US, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Logistic regression models were applied for the data analyses. Age, gender, religion, parental education, parent-adolescent relationships, depressive symptoms and loneliness were covariates in the regression models. Ethnic Norwegian adolescents reported the highest prevalence of binge drinking (16.1 %), whereas the lowest prevalence was found among 2nd generation adolescents from Asia (2.9 %). Likewise, the past-year prevalence for cannabis use ranged from 10.6 % among 2nd generation Europeans and those from the US to 3.7 % among 2nd generation Asians. For daily tobacco use, the prevalence ranged from 12.9 % among 2nd generation Europeans and the US to 5.1 % among 2nd generation Asians. Ethnicity, age, gender, religion, parental education, and parent-adolescent relationships and mental health status were significantly associated with binge drinking, cannabis and tobacco use. These factors partly explained the observed differences between ethnic Norwegians and ethnic minority adolescents in the current study. There are significant differences in substance use behaviors between ethnic Norwegian and immigrant youth. Factors like age, gender, religion, parental education and relationships and mental health status might influence the relationship between ethnicity and substance abuse. The findings have implications for planning selective- as well as universal prevention interventions.
Collapse
|