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Ramtahal G, Umaharan P, Hanuman A, Davis C, Ali L. The effectiveness of soil amendments, biochar and lime, in mitigating cadmium bioaccumulation in Theobroma cacao L. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133563. [PMID: 31362218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important neotropical tree crop grown for its seeds or beans used in global chocolate and confectionary industries. Following studies showing ill effects of long-term dietary exposure of cadmium (Cd) on human health, a number of countries including the European Union (EU) have developed stringent regulations to protect consumers from exposure to cadmium. Cocoa is capable of bioaccumulating Cd in the cocoa beans when grown in soils high in cadmium and hence livelihood of cocoa farmers can be at risk if methods to mitigate the bioaccumulation of Cd are not developed. In vitro, greenhouse and field experiments were established with four, three and three replications respectively to evaluate the effectiveness of soil amendments, biochar and lime, at various application rates (0, 0.5×, 1×, 1.5× and 2× of the recommended rate), on soil pH, Cd phytoavailability and Cd bioaccumulation in Theobroma cacao L. For the in vitro study, Cd-containing soil was amended with 5 levels of biochar and lime, while for the greenhouse and field study four application rates were tested. The study showed that while lower rates were effective under in vitro conditions as you progressed from in vitro to greenhouse to field conditions the application rates and application frequency had to be increased, as the effectiveness and longevity of the treatments were compromised by environmental factors. Our study implies that the two amendments were complementary in their action and can be used in the recommended rated to reduce Cd bioaccumulation. However further studies are required on the placement of amendments to improve their effectiveness and longevity particularly under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Ramtahal
- Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Pathmanathan Umaharan
- Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anand Hanuman
- Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Carisa Davis
- Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Leon Ali
- Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Liu M, Du P, Yu C, He Y, Zhang H, Sun X, Lin H, Luo Y, Xie H, Guo J, Tong Y, Zhang Q, Chen L, Zhang W, Li X, Wang X. Increases of Total Mercury and Methylmercury Releases from Municipal Sewage into Environment in China and Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:124-134. [PMID: 29214801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a globally transported pollutant, mercury (Hg) released from human activity and methylmercury (MeHg) in the food web are global concerns due to their increasing presence in the environment. In this study, we found that Hg released from municipal sewage into the environment in China is a substantial anthropogenic source based on mass sampling throughout China. In total, 160 Mg (140-190 Mg, from the 20th percentile to the 80th percentile) of Hg (THg) and 280 kg (240-330 kg) of MeHg were released from municipal sewage in China in 2015. The quantities of released THg and MeHg were the most concentrated in the coastal regions, especially in the East, North and South China regions. However, the per capita release of THg and MeHg was the highest in the Tibetan region, which is recognized as the cleanest region in China. THg released into aquatic environments was mitigated from 2001 to 2015 in China, but the amounts released into other sinks increased. This study provides the first picture of the release of Hg from municipal sewage into various sinks in China, and policy makers should pay more attention to the diversity and complexity of the sources and transport of Hg, which can lead to Hg accumulation in the food web and can threaten human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maodian Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut , 1080 Shennecossett Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Peng Du
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenghao Yu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yipeng He
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut , 1080 Shennecossett Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiming Lin
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Xie
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University , Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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Šalamún P, Hanzelová V, Miklisová D, Šestinová O, Findoráková L, Kováčik P. The effects of vegetation cover on soil nematode communities in various biotopes disturbed by industrial emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:106-114. [PMID: 28314130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of interactions among belowground and aboveground components in biotopes may improve our knowledge about soil ecosystem, and is necessary in environment assessment using indigenous soil organisms. In this study, we proposed that in disturbed biotopes, vegetation play important role in the buffering of contamination impact on soil communities and decrease the ecological pressure on soil biota. To assess the effects of these interactions we compared nematode communities, known for their bioindication abilities, from four types of disturbed and undisturbed biotopes (coniferous forest, permanent grassland, agricultural field, clearings), where the main stress agent was represented by long-term acidic industrial emissions containing heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, and Pb). To understand the ecological interactions taking place in studied biotopes, we studied abiotic factors (soil properties) and biotic factors (vegetation, nematode communities). Except significant increase in metals total and mobile concentrations in disturbed biotopes soil, we found acidification of soil horizon, mainly in the clearings (pH=3.68), due to SO2 precipitation. These factors has caused in clearings degradation of native phytocoenoses and decrease in decomposition rate characterized by high amount of organic matter (Cox=4.29%). Nematodes reacts to these conditions by shifts in trophic structure (bacteriovores to fungal feeders), increase in c-p 2 genera (Aphelenchoides, Acrobeloides, and Cephalobus), absence of sensitive groups (c-p 3-5, omnivores, predators), and decrease in ecological indices (SI, MI, MI2-5, H'). Similar contamination was found in forest biotope, but the nematodes composition indicates more suitable conditions; more complex community structure (presence of sensitive trophic and higher c-p groups), higher abundance and indices values, comparable with less stressed field and grassland biotopes. As showed our results, the vegetation undoubtedly plays an important role not only as a resource of services indispensable for the ecosystem, but also as a significant buffer of negative impacts acting within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Šalamún
- Department of Environmental and Plant Parasitology, Parasitological Institute of Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Vladimíra Hanzelová
- Department of Environmental and Plant Parasitology, Parasitological Institute of Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dana Miklisová
- Department of Environmental and Plant Parasitology, Parasitological Institute of Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Oľga Šestinová
- Department of Environment and Hygiene in Mining, Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Findoráková
- Department of Environment and Hygiene in Mining, Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kováčik
- Department of Agro-chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Wang S, Wu W, Liu F, Liao R, Hu Y. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil-crop systems: a review for wheat and corn. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15209-15225. [PMID: 28455572 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The health risks arising from heavy metal pollution (HMP) in agricultural soils have attracted global attention, and research on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil-plant systems is the basis for human health risk assessments. This review studied the accumulation of seven typical heavy metals-Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, Cu, and Zn-in soil-corn and soil-wheat systems. The findings indicated that, in general, wheat was more likely to accumulate heavy metals than corn. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of the seven heavy metals in wheat and corn grains decreased exponentially with their average concentrations in soil. The seven heavy metals were ranked as follows, in ascending order of accumulation in corn grains: Pb < Cr < Zn < As < Cu < Cd <Hg. As for the order of accumulation in wheat grains, their ranking was as follows: Zn < Pb < Cr < Cu < As < Hg <Cd. The minimum BCFs of Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, Cu, and Zn in corn grains were 0.054, 6.65 × 10-4, 7.94 × 10-4, 0.0044, 0.028, 0.13, and 0.19, respectively. The corresponding BCFs values for wheat grains were 0.25, 0.0045, 5.42 × 10-4, 0.009, 4.03 × 10-4, 0.11, and 0.054, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of the Water Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Renkuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of the Water Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of the Water Cycle in the River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100048, China
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Ramtahal G, Chang Yen I, Bekele I, Bekele F, Wilson L, Maharaj K, Sukha B. Implications of distribution of cadmium between the nibs and testae of cocoa beans on its marketability and food safety assessment. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2013.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Ramtahal
- The University of the West Indies, Department of Chemistry, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - I. Chang Yen
- The University of the West Indies, Department of Chemistry, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - I. Bekele
- The University of the West Indies, Department of Food Production, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - F. Bekele
- The University of the West Indies, Cocoa Research Unit, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - L. Wilson
- The University of the West Indies, Department of Food Production, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - K. Maharaj
- Ministry of Food Production, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - B. Sukha
- Ministry of Food Production, Trinidad and Tobago
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Donadini G, Spalla S, Beone G. Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Beers from the Italian Market. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shi J, Yu X, Zhang M, Lu S, Wu W, Wu J, Xu J. Potential risks of copper, zinc, and cadmium pollution due to pig manure application in a soil-rice system under intensive farming: a case study of Nanhu, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2011; 40:1695-1704. [PMID: 22031551 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], and cadmium [Cd]) pollution of soils from pig manures in soil-rice ( L.) systems under intensive farming was investigated, taking Nanhu, China, as the case study area. Two hundred pig manures and 154 rice straws, brown rice samples, and corresponding surface soil (0-15 cm) samples were collected in paddy fields from 150 farms in 16 major villages within the study area. The mean Cu and Zn concentrations in pig manures consistently exceeded the related standard. About 44 and 60% of soil samples exceed the Chinese Soil Cu and Cd Environmental Quality Standards, respectively. The concentration of Cu, Zn, and Cd in brown rice did not exceed the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard. There was a significant positive correlation between total Cu and Zn contents in soil and application rate of pig manures. Strong correlation was observed between the extractable Cu, Zn, and Cd in soil and the Cu, Zn, and Cd contents in the brown rice. The spatial distribution maps of Cu and Zn concentrations in brown rice, straw, and extractable soil Cu and Zn concentration also showed similar geographical trends. Further analyses on heavy metals loading flux and accumulation rates from pig manure applied suggested that Cu and Cd contents in soil currently have already exceeded the maximum permissible limit, and Zn, if still at current manure application rates, will reach the ceiling concentration limits in 9 yr. This study assists in understanding the risk of heavy metals accumulating from pig manure applications to agricultural soils.
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Pérez AL, Anderson KA. DGT estimates cadmium accumulation in wheat and potato from phosphate fertilizer applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:5096-103. [PMID: 19552942 PMCID: PMC4139058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a common impurity in phosphatic fertilizers and may contribute to soil Cd accumulation. Changes in total and bioavailable Cd burdens to agricultural soils and the potential for plant Cd accumulation resulting from fertilizer input was investigated. Three year field studies were conducted using three dose levels of cadmium-rich, commercial, phosphate fertilizers applied at four agricultural sites. Labile Cd concentrations, measured using the passive sampling device Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (Cd(DGT)), increased with increasing fertilizer application rates. Cd also accumulated in the edible portion of wheat and potato crops grown at the sites, and showed strong positive dose response with fertilizer treatment. Regression models were calculated for each site, year, and for individual crops. Model comparisons indicated that soil physical and chemical parameters in addition to soil Cd fractions, were important determinants of Cd(DGT). Significant factors contributing to Cd(DGT) concentrations were Cd from fertilizer input (Cd(fertilizer)), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and total recoverable Cd (Cd(total)). Important factors used to determine Cd concentrations in wheat grain (Cd(wheat)) and in potato (Cd(potato)) were as follows: Cd(wheat):Cd(fertilizer), and Cd(DGT); and Cd(potato):Cd(fertilizer), Cd(DGT), % O.M. The effective concentration, C(E), calculated from DGT did not correlate well with Cd(wheat) or with Cd(potato). Direct measurements of Cd(DGT) correlated better with Cd found in edible plant tissue. The modeling approach presented in this study helps to estimate Cd accumulation in plant tissue over multiple years and in distinct agricultural soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Pérez
- Oregon State University, Agricultural and Life Sciences Bldg., Room 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Benke MB, Indraratne SP, Hao X, Chang C, Goh TB. Trace element changes in soil after long-term cattle manure applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:798-807. [PMID: 18453400 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Manure application supplies plant nutrients, but also leads to trace element accumulation in soil. This study investigated total and EDTA-extractable B, Cd, Co, Cu and Zn in soil after 25 annual manure applications. The residual effect of 14 annual manure applications followed by 11 yr with no applications was also investigated. Manure was applied at 0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (wet weight) under rainfed (treatments Mr0, Mr30, Mr60, and Mr90) and at 0, 60, 120 and 180 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) under irrigated conditions (Mi0, Mi60, Mi120, and Mi180). The manure applications had no significant effect on soil B, Cd and Co content under both rainfed and irrigated conditions, but significantly increased total Cu and Zn content under irrigated conditions with Zn in Mi120 and Mi180 reaching the lower maximum concentration (MAC) level set by the European Community. Manure application also significantly increased EDTA-extractable Cd and Zn content in soil. Up to 27% of the total Cd (0.156 mg kg(-1)) and 21% of total Zn (38 mg kg(-1)) are found in EDTA-extractable form (Mi180 at 0-15 cm). EDTA-extractable Cd and Zn content was also significantly elevated in the irrigated residual plots due to the higher manure rates used. Thus, the impacts of cattle manure application on trace elements in soil are long lasting. Elevated Cd and Zn are a concern as other studies have linked them with certain types of cancers and human illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica B Benke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Chaudri A, McGrath S, Gibbs P, Chambers B, Carlton-Smith C, Godley A, Bacon J, Campbell C, Aitken M. Cadmium availability to wheat grain in soils treated with sewage sludge or metal salts. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:1415-23. [PMID: 17109920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Grain Cd concentrations were determined in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in 1999, 2001 and 2003, at six sludge cake field experiments. Three of these sites also had comparisons with Cd availability from metal amended liquid sludge and metal salts. Grain Cd concentrations in all years and at all sites were significantly linearly correlated with NH4NO3 extractable Cd and soil total Cd (P<0.001). Soil extractability was greater in the liquid sludge and metal salt experiments than in the cake experiments, as were grain Cd concentrations. Across all the sites, NH4NO3 extractable soil Cd was no better at predicting grain Cd than soil total Cd. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that soil total Cd, pH and organic carbon were the only significant (P<0.001) variables influencing wheat grain Cd concentrations, explaining 78% of the variance across all field experiments (1408 plots). This regression predicted that the current UK soil total Cd limit of 3 mg kg(-1) was not sufficiently protective against producing grain above the European Union (EU) grain Cd Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) of 0.235 mg Cd kg(-1) dry weight, unless the soil pH was > 6.8. Our predictions show that grain would be below the MPC with > 95% confidence with the proposed new EU draft regulations permitting maximum total Cd concentrations in soils receiving sludge of 0.5 mg kg(-1) for soils of pH 5-6, 1 mg kg(-1) for soils of pH 6-7, and 1.5 mg kg(-1) for soils of pH > or = 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Chaudri
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Ingwersen J, Streck T. A regional-scale study on the crop uptake of cadmium from sandy soils: measurement and modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2005; 34:1026-35. [PMID: 15888888 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2003.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake is one of the major pathways by which cadmium (Cd) in soils enters the human food chain. This study was conducted to investigate the uptake of Cd by crops from soils within the wastewater irrigation area (WIA) of Braunschweig (Germany) and to develop a simple process-oriented model that is suited to predict Cd uptake at the regional scale. The sandy soils within the WIA (4300 ha) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation using municipal wastewater for up to 40 years. In 1998 and 1999, we sampled soil and plant material at 40 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), 40 sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and 32 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. In both years and for all three crops, we found close linear relationships between the Cd content of plant material and the Cd concentration in soil solution. For all three crops, we observed a trend of relatively increased Cd uptake in the year with the higher saturation deficit of the atmosphere. We interpret this to indicate that transpiration plays an important role in the Cd uptake of crops under the conditions of the WIA. In modeling the uptake of Cd by crops, we assume that uptake is proportional to mass flow, that is, the product of water transpired, Cd concentration in soil solution, and a plant-specific empirical parameter. The simulations agreed well with the observed Cd contents in crops. Our model explained between 66 and 87% of the observed variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Ingwersen
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics Section, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Mohammad MJ, Athamneh BM. Changes in Soil Fertility and Plant Uptake of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Response to Sewage Sludge Application to Calcareous Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3923/ja.2004.229.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Adams ML, Zhao FJ, McGrath SP, Nicholson FA, Chambers BJ. Predicting cadmium concentrations in wheat and barley grain using soil properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2004; 33:532-541. [PMID: 15074804 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The entry of Cd into the food chain is of concern as it can cause chronic health problems. To investigate the relationship between soil properties and the concentration of Cd in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and harley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain, we analyzed 162 wheat and 215 barley grain samples collected from paired soil and crop surveys in Britain, and wheat and barley samples from two long-term sewage sludge experiments. Cadmium concentrations were much lower in barley grain than in wheat grain under comparable soil conditions. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil total Cd and pH were the significant factors influencing grain Cd concentrations. Significant cultivar differences in Cd uptake were observed for both wheat and barley. Wheat grain Cd concentrations could be predicted reasonably well from soil total Cd and pH using the following model: log(grain Cd) = a + b log(soil Cd) - c(soil pH), with 53% of the variance being accounted for. The coefficients obtained from the data sets of the paired soil and crop surveys and from long-term sewage sludge experiments were similar, suggesting similar controlling factors of Cd bioavailability in sludge-amended or unamended soils. For barley, the model was less satisfactory for predicting grain Cd concentration (22% of variance accounted for). The model can be used to predict the likelihood of wheat grain Cd exceeding the new European Union (EU) foodstuff regulations on the maximum permissible concentration of Cd under different soil conditions, particularly in relation to the existing Directive and the proposed new Directive on land applications of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Adams
- Agriculture and Environment Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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Liu YY, Imai T, Ukita M, Sekine M, Higuchi T. Examining farmland applications of composted biosolid wastes depending on nutrient balance in soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2004; 39:153-168. [PMID: 15022748 DOI: 10.1081/pfc-120027446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study emphasizes nutrient balance of soils in the farmland application of composted biosolid wastes. The loading rates of plant nutrients following the compost application to farmland in Japan were estimated and compared with the nutrient uptake of agricultural plants. Results show that the current compost application in Japan can meet the requirements of agricultural plants for plant nutrient Ca, except for K, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. The compost application could realize the safe disposal of biosolid wastes and the effective recycling of plant nutrients in composts to soils without causing heavy metal accumulation. The application manner of composts affects the heavy metal accumulation in farmlands. Field examination indicates that the excessive compost application has led to the heavy metal accumulation in compost-amended farmlands. Measuring the nutrient balance in compost-amended farmlands is well suitable for explaining the accumulation of heavy metals, such as Cu and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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15
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Liu YY, Imai T, Ukita M, Sekine M, Higuchi T. Distributions of iron, manganese, copper and zinc in various composts and amended soils. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2003; 24:1517-1525. [PMID: 14977148 DOI: 10.1080/09593330309385697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A detailed observation was conducted on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the composts derived from seafood processing by-product, garbage, swine manure and sewage sludge, respectively, as well as in amended farmlands. All elements were at lower levels of total contents but a higher percentage of water-soluble and exchangeable forms in composted seafood processing by-product and composted garbage than in composted swine manure and composted sewage sludge. Total contents increased in the order: composted seafood processing by-product approximately composted garbage < composted swine manure < composted sewage sludge. The applications of composted seafood processing by-product and composted garbage have neither caused Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn accumulation nor changed their distribution in soils; while the application of composted swine manure has largely increased Cu and Zn contents in soils, mainly in organic matter-bound form, and that of composted sewage sludge increased Mn, Cu and Zn in soils mainly in carbonate-bond and Fe-Mn oxides-bound ones. Fe is an exception, its total contents in soils decreased with the applications of composts except for composted garbage. Also, the rainfall and irrigation were another two main factors that affected available elements in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Liu
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Eng., Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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Toxic metals in sewage sludge-amended soils: has promotion of beneficial use discounted the risks? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1093-0191(02)00141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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