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Wetzel S, Müller A, Kohnert E, Mehrbarzin N, Huber R, Häcker G, Kreutz C, Lederer AK, Badr MT. Longitudinal dynamics of gut bacteriome and mycobiome interactions pre- and post-visceral surgery in Crohn's disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1275405. [PMID: 38287975 PMCID: PMC10822897 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1275405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alterations of the gut microbiome are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The role of fungi in this context is unclear. This study aimed to determine postoperative changes in the bacterial and fungal gut communities of CD patients undergoing intestinal resection, and to evaluate interactions between the bacteriome and mycobiome and their impact on the patients' outcome. Methods We report a subgroup analysis of a prospective cohort study, focusing on 10 CD patients whose fecal samples were collected for bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS2 genes next-generation sequencing the day before surgery and on the 5th or 6th postoperative day. Results No significant differences in bacterial and fungal diversity were observed between preoperative and postoperative stool samples. By in-depth analysis, significant postoperative abundance changes of bacteria and fungi and 17 interkingdom correlations were detected. Network analysis identified 13 microbial clusters in the perioperative gut communities, revealing symbiotic and competitive interactions. Relevant factors were gender, age, BMI, lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption) and surgical technique. Postoperative abundance changes and identified clusters were associated with clinical outcomes (length of hospital stay, complications) and levels of inflammatory markers. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of dissecting the interactions of gut bacterial and fungal communities in CD patients and their potential influence on postoperative and disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wetzel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Kohnert
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Negin Mehrbarzin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed Tarek Badr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Aufdecken gemeinsamer Prinzipien immunvermittelter Erkrankungen: von der Grundlagenwissenschaft zu neuen Therapien (IMM-PACT)-Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Shi P, Nian D, Qu H, Ye M, Wang C, Li L, Li Q. B.infantis enhances immunotherapy for Guillain-Barre syndrome through regulating PD-1. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:48. [PMID: 36709251 PMCID: PMC9883859 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-03046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, autoimmune disease. B.infantis is reported to be effective in alleviating GBS by regulating abnormal function of T helper (Th) cells. OBJECTIVES In this study, T cells were isolated from healthy and GBS patients. The therapeutic effect of Bifidobacterium infantis (B.infantis) and whether it is achieved by PD-1 was examined at cellular and animal models. METHODS We used CCK-8, flow cytometry and real-time PCR to determine the differentiation of T cell subsets at cellular level. Then, an experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) animal model using six-week SD rats (n = 30, male) weighing 180-200 g was established to support the role of B. infantis in GBS through PD-1. RESULTS B. infantis inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of T cells from GBS. At the same time, the expression levels of PD-1 increased, which was correlated with decreased T-bet (Th1) and ROR-γt (Th17) and increased Foxp3 (Treg) expression. Moreover, B. infantis alleviated the symptoms of GBS. Th1 and Th17 cells decreased while Treg cells increased after B. infantis treatment, which could be partly abrogated by PD-1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from this study that B.infantis alleviated GBS partly through PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- grid.414884.5Department of Neurology, first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004 Anhui China
| | - Di Nian
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Department of Medical Examination, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030 Anhui China
| | - Hongdang Qu
- grid.414884.5Department of Neurology, first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004 Anhui China
| | - Ming Ye
- grid.414884.5Department of Neurology, first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004 Anhui China
| | - Chun Wang
- grid.414884.5Department of Neurology, first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004 Anhui China
| | - Li Li
- grid.414884.5Department of Neurology, first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004 Anhui China
| | - Qian Li
- grid.414884.5Department of Neurology, first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004 Anhui China
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C3NA: correlation and consensus-based cross-taxonomy network analysis for compositional microbial data. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:468. [DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-05027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Studying the co-occurrence network structure of microbial samples is one of the critical approaches to understanding the perplexing and delicate relationship between the microbe, host, and diseases. It is also critical to develop a tool for investigating co-occurrence networks and differential abundance analyses to reveal the disease-related taxa–taxa relationship. In addition, it is also necessary to tighten the co-occurrence network into smaller modules to increase the ability for functional annotation and interpretability of these taxa-taxa relationships. Also, it is critical to retain the phylogenetic relationship among the taxa to identify differential abundance patterns, which can be used to resolve contradicting functions reported by different studies.
Results
In this article, we present Correlation and Consensus-based Cross-taxonomy Network Analysis (C3NA), a user-friendly R package for investigating compositional microbial sequencing data to identify and compare co-occurrence patterns across different taxonomic levels. C3NA contains two interactive graphic user interfaces (Shiny applications), one of them dedicated to the comparison between two diagnoses, e.g., disease versus control. We used C3NA to analyze two well-studied diseases, colorectal cancer, and Crohn’s disease. We discovered clusters of study and disease-dependent taxa that overlap with known functional taxa studied by other discovery studies and differential abundance analyses.
Conclusion
C3NA offers a new microbial data analyses pipeline for refined and enriched taxa–taxa co-occurrence network analyses, and the usability was further expanded via the built-in Shiny applications for interactive investigation.
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Pisani A, Rausch P, Bang C, Ellul S, Tabone T, Marantidis Cordina C, Zahra G, Franke A, Ellul P. Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Remission. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0061622. [PMID: 35532243 PMCID: PMC9241752 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00616-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorder which comprises two main conditions: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the etiology of IBD has not been fully elucidated, the gut microbiota is hypothesized to play a vital role in its development. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the fecal microbiota in CD or UC patients in a state of remission to reveal potential factors sustaining residual levels of inflammation and triggering disease relapses. Ninety-eight IBD patients in a state of clinical remission (66 UC, 32 CD) and 97 controls were recruited, and stool samples, as well as detailed patient data, were collected. After DNA extraction, the variable regions V1 and V2 of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Patients with IBD had a decrease in alpha diversity compared to that of healthy controls, and the beta diversity indices showed dissimilarity between the cohorts. Healthy controls were associated with the beneficial organisms unclassified Akkermansia species (Akkermansia uncl.), Oscillibacter uncl., and Coprococcus uncl., while flavonoid-degrading bacteria were associated with IBD. Network analysis identified highly central and influential disease markers and a strongly correlated network module of Enterobacteriaceae which was associated with IBD and could act as drivers for residual inflammatory processes sustaining and triggering IBD, even in a state of low disease activity. The microbiota in IBD patients is significantly different from that of healthy controls, even in a state of remission, which implicates the microbiota as an important driver of chronicity in IBD. IMPORTANCE Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been implicated as a causal or contributory factor to the pathogenesis of the disease. This study, done on patients in remission while accounting for various confounding factors, shows significant community differences and altered community dynamics, even after acute inflammation has subsided. A cluster of Enterobacteriaceae was linked with Crohn's disease, suggesting that this cluster, which contains members known to disrupt colonization resistance and form biofilms, persists during quiescence and can lead to chronic inflammation. Flavonoid-degrading bacteria were also associated with IBD, raising the possibility that modification of dietary flavonoids might induce and maintain remission in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Pisani
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Ellul
- Department of Surgery, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Trevor Tabone
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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Sun Z, Zhang M, Li M, Bhaskar Y, Zhao J, Ji Y, Cui H, Zhang H, Sun Z. Interactions between Human Gut Microbiome Dynamics and Sub-Optimal Health Symptoms during Seafaring Expeditions. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0092521. [PMID: 35019672 PMCID: PMC8754112 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00925-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During long ocean voyages, crew members are subject to complex pressures from their living and working environment, which lead to chronic diseases-like sub-optimal health status. Although the association between dysbiotic gut microbiome and chronic diseases has been broadly reported, the correlation between the sub-optimal health status and gut microbiome remains elusive. Here, the health status of 77 crew members (20-35 years old Chinese, male) during a 135-day sea expedition was evaluated using the shotgun metagenomics of stool samples and health questionnaires taken before and after the voyage. We found five core symptoms (e.g., abnormal defecation frequency, insomnia, poor sleep quality, nausea, and overeating) in 55 out of 77 crew members suffering from sub-optimal health status, and this was termed "seafaring syndrome" (SS) in this study. Significant correlation was found between the gut microbiome and SS rather than any single symptom. For example, SS was proven to be associated with individual perturbation in the gut microbiome, and the microbial dynamics between SS and non-SS samples were different during the voyage. Moreover, the microbial signature for SS was identified using the variation of 19 bacterial species and 26 gene families. Furthermore, using a Random Forest model, SS was predicted with high accuracy (84.4%, area under the concentration-time curve = 0.91) based on 28 biomarkers from pre-voyage samples, and the prediction model was further validated by another 30-day voyage cohort (accuracy = 83.3%). The findings in this study provide insights to help us discover potential predictors or even therapeutic targets for dysbiosis-related diseases. IMPORTANCE Systemic and chronic diseases are important health problems today and have been proven to be strongly associated with dysbiotic gut microbiome. Studying the association between the gut microbiome and sub-optimal health status of humans in extreme environments (such as ocean voyages) will give us a better understanding of the interactions between observable health signs and a stable versus dysbiotic gut microbiome states. In this paper, we illustrated that ocean voyages could trigger different symptoms for different crew member cohorts due to individual differences; however, the co-occurrence of high prevalence symptoms indicated widespread perturbation of the gut microbiome. By investigating the microbial signature and gut microbiome dynamics, we demonstrated that such sub-optimal health status can be predicted even before the voyage. We termed this phenomenon as "seafaring syndrome." This study not only provides the potential strategy for health management in extreme environments but also can assist the prediction of other dysbiosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Yogendra Bhaskar
- Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Youran Ji
- Medical Department, 971 Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbing Cui
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Vangoitsenhoven R, Wilson R, Sharma G, Punchai S, Corcelles R, Froylich D, Mulya A, Schauer PR, Brethauer SA, Kirwan JP, Sangwan N, Brown JM, Aminian A. Metabolic effects of duodenojejunal bypass surgery in a rat model of type 1 diabetes. Surg Endosc 2021; 35:3104-3114. [PMID: 32607903 PMCID: PMC8633809 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic surgery has beneficial metabolic effects, including remission of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that duodenojejunal bypass (DJB) surgery can protect against development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by enhancing regulation of cellular and molecular pathways that control glucose homeostasis. METHODS BBDP/Wor rats, which are prone to develop spontaneous autoimmune T1D, underwent loop DJB (n = 15) or sham (n = 15) surgery at a median age of 41 days, before development of diabetes. At T1D diagnosis, a subcutaneous insulin pellet was implanted, oral glucose tolerance test was performed 21 days later, and tissues were collected 25 days after onset of T1D. Pancreas and liver tissues were assessed by histology and RT-qPCR. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S V4 sequencing. RESULTS Postoperatively, DJB rats weighed less than sham rats (287.8 vs 329.9 g, P = 0.04). In both groups, 14 of 15 rats developed T1D, at similar age of onset (87 days in DJB vs 81 days in sham, P = 0.17). There was no difference in oral glucose tolerance, fasting and stimulated plasma insulin and c-peptide levels, and immunohistochemical analysis of insulin-positive cells in the pancreas. DJB rats needed 1.3 ± 0.4 insulin implants vs 1.9 ± 0.5 in sham rats (P = 0.002). Fasting and glucose stimulated glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion was elevated after DJB surgery. DJB rats had reduced markers of metabolic stress in liver. After DJB, the fecal microbiome changed significantly, including increases in Akkermansia and Ruminococcus, while the changes were minimal in sham rats. CONCLUSION DJB does not protect against autoimmune T1D in BBDP/Wor rats, but reduces the need for exogenous insulin and facilitates other metabolic benefits including weight loss, increased GLP-1 secretion, reduced hepatic stress, and altered gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rickesha Wilson
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gautam Sharma
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suriya Punchai
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ricard Corcelles
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dvir Froylich
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anny Mulya
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Philip R Schauer
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Stacy A Brethauer
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ali Aminian
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Aldars-García L, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050977. [PMID: 33946482 PMCID: PMC8147118 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on IBD pathogenesis. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the IBD gut microbiome and its usefulness to provide microbiome-based biomarkers. A systematic search of the online bibliographic database PubMed from inception to August 2020 with screening in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. One-hundred and forty-four papers were eligible for inclusion. There was a wide heterogeneity in microbiome analysis methods or experimental design. The IBD intestinal microbiome was generally characterized by reduced species richness and diversity, and lower temporal stability, while changes in the gut microbiome seemed to play a pivotal role in determining the onset of IBD. Multiple studies have identified certain microbial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. The two main features in this sense are the decrease in beneficial bacteria and the increase in pathogenic bacteria. Significant differences were also present between remission and relapse IBD status. Shifts in gut microbial community composition and abundance have proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers. The gut microbiome plays a major role in IBD, yet studies need to go from casualty to causality. Longitudinal designs including newly diagnosed treatment-naïve patients are needed to provide insights into the role of microbes in the onset of intestinal inflammation. A better understanding of the human gut microbiome could provide innovative targets for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and even cure of this relevant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Aldars-García
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-093-911; Fax: +34-915-204-013
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Hansen R, Sanderson IR, Muhammed R, Allen S, Tzivinikos C, Henderson P, Gervais L, Jeffery IB, Mullins DP, O'Herlihy EA, Weinberg JD, Kitson G, Russell RK, Wilson DC. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess Safety and Tolerability of (Thetanix) Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in Adolescent Crohn's Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 12:e00287. [PMID: 33464732 PMCID: PMC7752678 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thetanix (gastroresistant capsules containing lyophilized Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) is a live biotherapeutic, under development for Crohn's disease, that antagonizes transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha. We aimed to assess safety and tolerability in adolescents with Crohn's disease in remission. METHODS Subjects who were 16-18 years with Crohn's in remission (weighted pediatric Crohn's disease activity index <12.5) were recruited. Each active dose comprised ∼108.2±1.4 colony forming units of B. thetaiotaomicron (randomized 4:1 active:placebo). Part A was single dose. Part B involved 7.5 days twice daily dosing. Serial stools were analyzed for calprotectin, 16S rRNA sequencing, and B. thetaiotaomicron real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bloods were taken serially. Subjects reported adverse events and recorded temperature twice daily. RESULTS Fifteen subjects were treated-8 in part A (75% men, median 17.1 years) and 10 in part B, including 3 from part A (80% men, median 17.1 years); all 18 completed. Seventy percent took concurrent immunosuppression. Reported compliance was >99% in part B. Two subjects reported adverse events deemed related-one in part A with eructation, flatulence, and reflux; one in part B with dizziness, abdominal pain, and headache. No serious adverse events were reported. There was no significant change in median calprotectin across part B (87.8 [4.4-447] to 50.5 [5.3-572], P = 0.44 by the Fisher exact test in the active group). No significant differences were found in microbiota profiles, but diversity seemed to increase in treated subjects. DISCUSSION Thetanix, after single and multiple doses, was well tolerated. Although the numbers in this study were small, the safety profile seems good. Future studies should explore efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hansen
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Rafeeq Muhammed
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen Allen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Paul Henderson
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian B. Jeffery
- 4D pharma Cork Limited, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard K. Russell
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David C. Wilson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Whole-Virome Analysis Sheds Light on Viral Dark Matter in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:764-778.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Sauer AK, Bockmann J, Steinestel K, Boeckers TM, Grabrucker AM. Altered Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Composition in the Autism Spectrum Disorders Associated SHANK3 Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092134. [PMID: 31052177 PMCID: PMC6540607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and repetitive behaviors. In addition, co-morbidities such as gastro-intestinal problems have frequently been reported. Mutations and deletion of proteins of the SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains (SHANK) gene-family were identified in patients with ASD, and Shank knock-out mouse models display autism-like phenotypes. SHANK3 proteins are not only expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show expression in gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium and report a significantly different GI morphology in Shank3 knock-out (KO) mice. Further, we detected a significantly altered microbiota composition measured in feces of Shank3 KO mice that may contribute to inflammatory responses affecting brain development. In line with this, we found higher E. coli lipopolysaccharide levels in liver samples of Shank3 KO mice, and detected an increase in Interleukin-6 and activated astrocytes in Shank3 KO mice. We conclude that apart from its well-known role in the CNS, SHANK3 plays a specific role in the GI tract that may contribute to the ASD phenotype by extracerebral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Katrin Sauer
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology lab, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Juergen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Muenster University Medical Center, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology lab, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland.
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland.
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11
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Ibrahim A, Hugerth LW, Hases L, Saxena A, Seifert M, Thomas Q, Gustafsson JÅ, Engstrand L, Williams C. Colitis-induced colorectal cancer and intestinal epithelial estrogen receptor beta impact gut microbiota diversity. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:3086-3098. [PMID: 30515752 PMCID: PMC6519213 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the colon (colitis) is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Hormone‐replacement therapy reduces CRC incidences, and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ/ESR2) has been implicated in this protection. Gut microbiota is altered in both colitis and CRC and may influence the severity of both. Here we test the hypothesis that intestinal ERβ impacts the gut microbiota. Mice with and without intestine‐specific deletion of ERβ (ERβKOVil) were generated using the Cre‐LoxP system. Colitis and CRC were induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) followed by administration of three cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. The microbiota population were characterized by high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples (N = 39). Differences in the microbiota due to AOM/DSS and absence of ERβ were identified through bioinformatic analyses of the 16S‐Seq data, and the distribution of bacterial species was corroborated using qPCR. We demonstrate that colitis‐induced CRC reduced the gut microbiota diversity and that loss of ERβ enhanced this process. Further, the Bacteroidetes genus Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 was overrepresented in AOM/DSS mice compared to untreated controls (3.5‐fold, p = 0.004), and this was enhanced in females and in ERβKOVil mice. Overall, AOM/DSS enriched for microbiota impacting immune system diseases and metabolic functions, and lack of ERβ in combination with AOM/DSS enriched for microbiota impacting carbohydrate metabolism and cell motility, while reducing those impacting the endocrine system. Our data support that intestinal ERβ contributes to a more favorable microbiome that could attenuate CRC development. What's new? Chronic inflammation of the colon is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Hormone‐replacement therapy reduces CRC incidence, and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ/ESR2) has been implicated in this protection. The microbiota of the gut is altered in both colitis and CRC, but whether intestinal ERβ affects gut microbiota remains to be investigated. Here, the authors demonstrate, in a mouse model, that colitis‐induced CRC reduces the gut microbiota diversity and that loss of ERβ enhances this process. The findings could enable novel therapeutic or preventive approaches toward a more favorable microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and/or colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Luisa W Hugerth
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor & Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hases
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ashish Saxena
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maike Seifert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor & Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Quentin Thomas
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor & Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
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12
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He Q, Gao Y, Jie Z, Yu X, Laursen JM, Xiao L, Li Y, Li L, Zhang F, Feng Q, Li X, Yu J, Liu C, Lan P, Yan T, Liu X, Xu X, Yang H, Wang J, Madsen L, Brix S, Wang J, Kristiansen K, Jia H. Two distinct metacommunities characterize the gut microbiota in Crohn's disease patients. Gigascience 2018; 6:1-11. [PMID: 28655159 PMCID: PMC5624284 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory intestinal disorder Crohn's disease (CD) has become a health challenge
worldwide. The gut microbiota closely interacts with the host immune system, but its
functional impact in CD is unclear. Except for studies on a small number of CD patients,
analyses of the gut microbiota in CD have used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Here we
employed metagenomic shotgun sequencing to provide a detailed characterization of the
compositional and functional features of the CD microbiota, comprising also unannotated
bacteria, and investigated its modulation by exclusive enteral nutrition. Based on
signature taxa, CD microbiotas clustered into 2 distinct metacommunities, indicating
individual variability in CD microbiome structure. Metacommunity-specific functional
shifts in CD showed enrichment in producers of the pro-inflammatory hexa-acylated
lipopolysaccharide variant and a reduction in the potential to synthesize short-chain
fatty acids. Disruption of ecological networks was evident in CD, coupled with reduction
in growth rates of many bacterial species. Short-term exclusive enteral nutrition elicited
limited impact on the overall composition of the CD microbiota, although functional
changes occurred following treatment. The microbiotas in CD patients can be stratified
into 2 distinct metacommunities, with the most severely perturbed metacommunity exhibiting
functional potentials that deviate markedly from that of the healthy individuals, with
possible implication in relation to CD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of The Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China.,Department of Nutrition, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zhuye Jie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinlei Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Janne Marie Laursen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liang Xiao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of The Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Nutrition, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jinghong Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of The Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Nutrition, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lise Madsen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of The Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huijue Jia
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National Genebank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
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13
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Abstract
The cause of Crohn’s disease (CD) has posed a conundrum for at least a century. A large body of work coupled with recent technological advances in genome research have at last started to provide some of the answers. Initially this review seeks to explain and to differentiate between bowel inflammation in the primary immunodeficiencies that generally lead to very early onset diffuse bowel inflammation in humans and in animal models, and the real syndrome of CD. In the latter, a trigger, almost certainly enteric infection by one of a multitude of organisms, allows the faeces access to the tissues, at which stage the response of individuals predisposed to CD is abnormal. Direct investigation of patients’ inflammatory response together with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and DNA sequencing indicate that in CD the failure of acute inflammation and the clearance of bacteria from the tissues, and from within cells, is defective. The retained faecal products result in the characteristic chronic granulomatous inflammation and adaptive immune response. In this review I will examine the contemporary evidence that has led to this understanding, and look for explanations for the recent dramatic increase in the incidence of this disease.
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14
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Abstract
The cause of Crohn's disease (CD) has posed a conundrum for at least a century. A large body of work coupled with recent technological advances in genome research have at last started to provide some of the answers. Initially this review seeks to explain and to differentiate between bowel inflammation in the primary immunodeficiencies that generally lead to very early onset diffuse bowel inflammation in humans and in animal models, and the real syndrome of CD. In the latter, a trigger, almost certainly enteric infection by one of a multitude of organisms, allows the faeces access to the tissues, at which stage the response of individuals predisposed to CD is abnormal. Direct investigation of patients' inflammatory response together with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and DNA sequencing indicate that in CD the failure of acute inflammation and the clearance of bacteria from the tissues, and from within cells, is defective. The retained faecal products result in the characteristic chronic granulomatous inflammation and adaptive immune response. In this review I will examine the contemporary evidence that has led to this understanding, and look for explanations for the recent dramatic increase in the incidence of this disease.
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15
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Valles-Colomer M, Darzi Y, Vieira-Silva S, Falony G, Raes J, Joossens M. Meta-omics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research: Applications, Challenges, and Guidelines. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:735-46. [PMID: 26802086 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meta-omics [metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics] are rapidly expanding our knowledge of the gut microbiota in health and disease. These technologies are increasingly used in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] research. Yet, meta-omics data analysis, interpretation, and among-study comparison remain challenging. In this review we discuss the role these techniques are playing in IBD research, highlighting their strengths and limitations. We give guidelines on proper sample collection and preparation methods, and on performing the analyses and interpreting the results, reporting available user-friendly tools and pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Valles-Colomer
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Youssef Darzi
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwen Falony
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Joossens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Qiu X, Li X, Wu Z, Zhang F, Wang N, Wu N, Yang X, Liu Y. Fungal–bacterial interactions in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic colitis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03869g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal intestinal microbiota plays critical roles in the initiation and development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing 100044
- China
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Na Wu
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology
- Institute of Micro-biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing 100044
- China
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17
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Conceição-Neto N, Zeller M, Lefrère H, De Bruyn P, Beller L, Deboutte W, Yinda CK, Lavigne R, Maes P, Van Ranst M, Heylen E, Matthijnssens J. Modular approach to customise sample preparation procedures for viral metagenomics: a reproducible protocol for virome analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16532. [PMID: 26559140 PMCID: PMC4642273 DOI: 10.1038/srep16532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major limitation for better understanding the role of the human gut virome in health and disease is the lack of validated methods that allow high throughput virome analysis. To overcome this, we evaluated the quantitative effect of homogenisation, centrifugation, filtration, chloroform treatment and random amplification on a mock-virome (containing nine highly diverse viruses) and a bacterial mock-community (containing four faecal bacterial species) using quantitative PCR and next-generation sequencing. This resulted in an optimised protocol that was able to recover all viruses present in the mock-virome and strongly alters the ratio of viral versus bacterial and 16S rRNA genetic material in favour of viruses (from 43.2% to 96.7% viral reads and from 47.6% to 0.19% bacterial reads). Furthermore, our study indicated that most of the currently used virome protocols, using small filter pores and/or stringent centrifugation conditions may have largely overlooked large viruses present in viromes. We propose NetoVIR (Novel enrichment technique of VIRomes), which allows for a fast, reproducible and high throughput sample preparation for viral metagenomics studies, introducing minimal bias. This procedure is optimised mainly for faecal samples, but with appropriate concentration steps can also be used for other sample types with lower initial viral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Conceição-Neto
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Lefrère
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Bruyn
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Beller
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ward Deboutte
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claude Kwe Yinda
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Metagenomic analysis of microbiome in colon tissue from subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases reveals interplay of viruses and bacteria. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1419-27. [PMID: 25939040 PMCID: PMC4450971 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are poorly understood disorders affecting the intestinal tract. The current model for disease suggests that genetically susceptible patients develop intolerance to gut microflora, and chronic inflammation develops as a result of environmental insults. Although interest has mainly focused on studying genetic variants and gut bacterial flora, little is known about the potential of viral infection to contribute to disease. Accordingly, we conducted a metagenomic analysis to document the baseline virome in colonic biopsy samples from patients with IBD in order to assess the contribution of viral infection to IBD. Libraries were generated from colon RNA to create approximately 2 GB sequence data per library. Using a bioinformatic pipeline designed to detect viral sequences, more than 1000 viral reads were derived directly from tissue without any coculture or isolation procedure. Herein, we describe the complexity and abundance of viruses, bacteria/bacteriophage, and human endogenous retroviral sequences from 10 patients with IBD and 5 healthy subjects undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. Differences in gut microflora and the abundance of mammalian viruses and human endogenous retroviruses were readily detected in the metagenomic analyses. Specifically, patients with herpesviridae sequences in their colon demonstrated increased expression of human endogenous viral sequences and differences in the diversity of their microbiome. This study provides a promising metagenomic approach to describe the colonic microbiome that can be used to better understand virus-host and phage-bacteria interactions in IBD.
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19
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Beswick EJ, Johnson JR, Saada JI, Humen M, House J, Dann S, Qiu S, Brasier AR, Powell DW, Reyes VE, Pinchuk IV. TLR4 activation enhances the PD-L1-mediated tolerogenic capacity of colonic CD90+ stromal cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2218-29. [PMID: 25070848 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signaling via programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 is crucial for maintaining peripheral tolerance. CD90(+) myofibroblasts/fibroblasts (CMFs) are major programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) ligand-expressing cells in normal human colonic mucosa. CMFs suppress activated CD4(+) T cell proliferation via PD-1 ligands. It is not known whether signaling through TLRs contribute to the regulation PD-1 ligands on CMFs upon colonic mucosal tolerance. In this study, we demonstrated that stimulation of TLR4 on human CMFs upregulates PD-L1, but not PD-L2, and reinforces CMF-mediated suppression of CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. TLR4-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 on CMFs involved NF-κB pathways and was JAK2 and MyD88 dependent. MyD88-dependent stimulation of TLR1/2 and TLR5 also upregulated PD-L1 expression on CMFs in culture. PD-L1 expression was drastically decreased in vivo in the colonic mucosa of mice devoid of MyD88. Induction of MyD88 deficiency in CMFs in fibroblast-specific MyD88 conditional knockout mice resulted in a strong increase in a mucosal IFN-γ expression concomitantly with the abrogation of PD-L1 expression in CMFs under homeostasis and epithelial injury induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Together, these data suggest that MyD88-dependent TLR stimulation of CMFs in the normal colonic mucosa may reinforce these cells' anti-inflammatory capacity and thus contribute to the maintenance of mucosal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Jameel R Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Jamal I Saada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Martin Humen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Jenifer House
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Sara Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Don W Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
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20
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The role of Klebsiella in Crohn's disease with a potential for the use of antimicrobial measures. Int J Rheumatol 2013; 2013:610393. [PMID: 24223596 PMCID: PMC3810322 DOI: 10.1155/2013/610393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a general consensus that Crohn's disease (CD) develops as the result of immune-mediated tissue damage triggered by infections with intestinal microbial agents. Based on the results of existing microbiological, molecular, and immunological studies, Klebsiella microbe seems to have a key role in the initiation and perpetuation of the pathological damage involving the gut and joint tissues in patients with CD. Six different gastroenterology centres in the UK have reported elevated levels of antibodies to Klebsiella in CD patients. There is a relationship between high intake of starch-containing diet, enhanced growth of gut microbes, and the production of pullulanases by Klebsiella. It is proposed that eradication of these microbes by the use of antibiotics and low starch diet, in addition to the currently used treatment, could help in alleviating or halting the disease process in CD.
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Dasgupta S, Kasper DL. Relevance of commensal microbiota in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2478-89. [PMID: 23846489 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e318297d884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Commensal microbiota that reside primarily in the gut of mammals influence the hosts' health to a great extent. Shaping of host immunity locally, a vital component of this influence, can have pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or neutral outcomes, presumably depending on the composition of the microbiota in an individual and type of molecules expressed in the individual members of the microbiota. Thus, these microbial species can be thought of as a reservoir of molecules that can be used to improve or worsen the condition of patients suffering from immunity or inflammation-driven pathologies like inflammatory bowel disease. In the current review, we elaborate, based on the literature available from murine models of disease and clinical case studies, the need to identify individual members of commensal microbiota that can precipitate or resolve inflammatory bowel disease. Therapeutic approaches could entail enrichment of members of microbiota (or molecules from these microbes), which induces expansion or enhancement of function of regulatory T cells or tolerogenic dendritic cells and reduce members that cause inflammation either directly or indirectly by influencing metabolic and other host molecules. Efficiency of bacteria-driven therapy would potentially be enhanced as we refine our approaches from the use of complete feces as done in fecal transplantation to utilization of microbiota-derived molecules as exemplified by the capsular polysaccharide A from the human gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis. We also highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, defining a natural alternative to the current chemical-based immunosuppressive regimen for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryasarathi Dasgupta
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic non-specific inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. During the exploration of the etiology, treatment and other aspects of IBD, it has been gradually realized that microbial ecological agents (MEAs) are helpful in the treatment of IBD. This article reviews the relationship between MEAs and IBD with regard to the intestinal environment in IBD, the therapeutic effect of MEA in IBD and the possible mechanisms involved.
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Wada S, Sato K, Ohta R, Wada E, Bou Y, Fujiwara M, Kiyono T, Park EY, Aoi W, Takagi T, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Ingestion of low dose pyroglutamyl leucine improves dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and intestinal microbiota in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8807-8813. [PMID: 23964746 DOI: 10.1021/jf402515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are based on chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. We previously found anti-inflammatory peptide pyroGlu-Leu in the enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat gluten. The objective of present study is to elucidate improvement of colitis by oral administration of pyroGlu-Leu in an animal model. Acute colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and various concentrations of pyroGlu-Leu were administrated by oral gavage for 7 days. A dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight/day showed the most significant improvement. The pyroGlu-Leu concentration was significantly increased 24 h after oral administration both in the small intestine and the colon compared with the baseline. It was 20-fold higher in the small intestine than the colon. Administration of pyroGlu-Leu normalized population of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the colon. These results indicate that pyroGlu-Leu has a potential therapeutic effect against IBD at a practical dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayori Wada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606 8522, Japan
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Cheng J, Kalliomäki M, Heilig HGHJ, Palva A, Lähteenoja H, de Vos WM, Salojärvi J, Satokari R. Duodenal microbiota composition and mucosal homeostasis in pediatric celiac disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:113. [PMID: 23844808 PMCID: PMC3716955 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine which is triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positive) individuals. Only a fraction of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positive individuals develop CD indicating that other factors have a role in the disorder. Several studies have addressed intestinal microbiota aberrancies in pediatric CD, but the results are inconsistent. Previously, we demonstrated that pediatric CD patients have lower duodenal expression of TLR2 and higher expression of TLR9 as compared to healthy controls (HC) indicating that microbiota may have a role in CD. METHODS We used bacterial phylogenetic microarray to comprehensively profile the microbiota in duodenal biopsies of CD (n = 10) and HC (n = 9) children. The expression of selected mucosa-associated genes was assessed by qRT-PCR in CD and HC children and in treated CD adults (T-CD, n = 6) on gluten free diet. RESULTS The overall composition, diversity and the estimated microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) content of microbiota were comparable between CD and HC, but a sub-population profile comprising eight genus-like bacterial groups was found to differ significantly between HC and CD. In HC, increased TLR2 expression was positively correlated with the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1. In CD and T-CD, the expression of IL-10, IFN-g and CXCR6 were higher as compared to HC. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that microbiota and altered expression of mucosal receptors have a role in CD. In CD subjects, the increased expression of IL-10 and IFN-g may have partly resulted from the increased TLR9 expression and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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