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Xu Q, Cha Q, Qin H, Liu B, Wu X, Shi J. Identification of Master Regulators Driving Disease Progression, Relapse, and Drug Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:813960. [PMID: 36304306 PMCID: PMC9580914 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.813960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Current treatment strategies primarily involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, determined by TNM stages, histologic types, and genetic profiles. Plenty of studies have been trying to identify robust prognostic gene expression signatures. Even for high performance signatures, they usually have few shared genes. This is not totally unexpected, since a prognostic signature is associated with patient survival and may contain no upstream regulators. Identification of master regulators driving disease progression is a vital step to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and develop new treatments. Methods: In this study, we have utilized a robust workflow to identify potential master regulators that drive poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This workflow takes gene expression signatures that are associated with poor survival of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR-TKI resistance, and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, respectively, and identifies recurrent master regulators from seven public gene expression datasets by a regulatory network-based approach. Results: We have found that majority of the master regulators driving poor prognosis in early stage LUAD are cell-cycle related according to Gene Ontology annotation. However, they were demonstrated experimentally to promote a spectrum of processes such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Master regulators predicted from EGFR-TKI resistance signature and the EMT pathway signature are largely shared, which suggests that EMT pathway functions as a hub and interact with other pathways such as hypoxia, angiogenesis, TNF-α signaling, inflammation, TNF-β signaling, Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. Master regulators that repress immunotherapy are enriched with MYC targets, E2F targets, oxidative phosphorylation, and mTOR signaling. Conclusion: Our study uncovered possible mechanisms underlying recurrence, resistance to targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The predicted master regulators may serve as potential therapeutic targets in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongfang Cha
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xueling Wu, ; Jiantao Shi,
| | - Jiantao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xueling Wu, ; Jiantao Shi,
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2
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A reliable set of reference genes to normalize oxygen-dependent cytoglobin gene expression levels in melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10879. [PMID: 34035373 PMCID: PMC8149659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a ubiquitously expressed protein with a protective role against oxidative stress, fibrosis and tumor growth, shown to be transcriptionally regulated under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible CYGB expression is observed in several cancer cell lines and particularly in various melanoma-derived cell lines. However, reliable detection of hypoxia-inducible mRNA levels by qPCR depends on the critical choice of suitable reference genes for accurate normalization. Limited evidence exists to support selection of the commonly used reference genes in hypoxic models of melanoma. This study aimed to select the optimal reference genes to study CYGB expression levels in melanoma cell lines exposed to hypoxic conditions (0.2% O2) and to the HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor roxadustat (FG-4592). The expression levels of candidate genes were assessed by qPCR and the stability of genes was evaluated using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Our results display that B2M and YWHAZ represent the most optimal reference genes to reliably quantify hypoxia-inducible CYGB expression in melanoma cell lines. We further validate hypoxia-inducible CYGB expression on protein level and by using CYGB promoter-driven luciferase reporter assays in melanoma cell lines.
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Carmona-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Rey D, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, González-Martín A, Paz-Cabezas M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Pérez-Villamil B, Sáez ME, Díaz-Rubio E, Mira E, Mañes S. SOD3 induces a HIF-2α-dependent program in endothelial cells that provides a selective signal for tumor infiltration by T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000432. [PMID: 32591431 PMCID: PMC7319787 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mainly CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are linked to immune-mediated control of human cancers and response to immunotherapy. Tumors have nonetheless developed specific mechanisms that selectively restrict T cell entry into the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an anti-oxidant enzyme usually downregulated in tumors. We hypothesize that upregulation of SOD3 in the tumor microenvironment might be a mechanism to boost T cell infiltration by normalizing the tumor-associated endothelium. Results Here we show that SOD3 overexpression in endothelial cells increased in vitro transmigration of naïve and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not of myeloid cells. Perivascular expression of SOD3 also specifically increased CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cell infiltration into tumors and improved the effectiveness of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. SOD3-induced enhanced transmigration in vitro and tumor infiltration in vivo were not associated to upregulation of T cell chemokines such as CXCL9 or CXCL10, nor to changes in the levels of endothelial adhesion receptors such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Instead, SOD3 enhanced T cell infiltration via HIF-2α-dependent induction of specific WNT ligands in endothelial cells; this led to WNT signaling pathway activation in the endothelium, FOXM1 stabilization, and transcriptional induction of laminin-α4 (LAMA4), an endothelial basement membrane component permissive for T cell infiltration. In patients with stage II colorectal cancer, SOD3 was associated with increased CD8+ TIL density and disease-free survival. SOD3 expression was also linked to a T cell–inflamed gene signature using the COAD cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas program. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SOD3-induced upregulation of LAMA4 in endothelial cells boosts selective tumor infiltration by T lymphocytes, thus transforming immunologically “cold” into “hot” tumors. High SOD3 levels are associated with human colon cancer infiltration by CD8+ T cells, with potential consequences for the clinical outcome of these patients. Our results also uncover a cell type–specific, distinct activity of the WNT pathway for the regulation of T cell infiltration into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Martínez-Rey
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mateo Paz-Cabezas
- Genomics and Microarray Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Pérez-Villamil
- Genomics and Microarray Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Díaz-Rubio
- Clinical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Mira
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Mañes
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
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Tse SW, Tan CF, Park JE, Gnanasekaran J, Gupta N, Low JK, Yeoh KW, Chng WJ, Tay CY, McCarthy NE, Lim SK, Sze SK. Microenvironmental Hypoxia Induces Dynamic Changes in Lung Cancer Synthesis and Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2917. [PMID: 33050615 PMCID: PMC7601203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate critical intercellular communication within healthy tissues, but are also exploited by tumour cells to promote angiogenesis, metastasis, and host immunosuppression under hypoxic stress. We hypothesize that hypoxic tumours synthesize hypoxia-sensitive proteins for packing into EVs to modulate their microenvironment for cancer progression. In the current report, we employed a heavy isotope pulse/trace quantitative proteomic approach to study hypoxia sensitive proteins in tumour-derived EVs protein. The results revealed that hypoxia stimulated cells to synthesize EVs proteins involved in enhancing tumour cell proliferation (NRSN2, WISP2, SPRX1, LCK), metastasis (GOLM1, STC1, MGAT5B), stemness (STC1, TMEM59), angiogenesis (ANGPTL4), and suppressing host immunity (CD70). In addition, functional clustering analyses revealed that tumour hypoxia was strongly associated with rapid synthesis and EV loading of lysosome-related hydrolases and membrane-trafficking proteins to enhance EVs secretion. Moreover, lung cancer-derived EVs were also enriched in signalling molecules capable of inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in recipient cancer cells to promote their migration and invasion. Together, these data indicate that lung-cancer-derived EVs can act as paracrine/autocrine mediators of tumorigenesis and metastasis in hypoxic microenvironments. Tumour EVs may, therefore, offer novel opportunities for useful biomarkers discovery and therapeutic targeting of different cancer types and at different stages according to microenvironmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wilford Tse
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
| | - Chee Fan Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
| | - JebaMercy Gnanasekaran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
| | - Jee Keem Low
- Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
| | - Kheng Wei Yeoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Neil E. McCarthy
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Bart’s and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
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Hypoxic environment may enhance migration/penetration of endocrine resistant MCF7- derived breast cancer cells through monolayers of other non-invasive cancer cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1127. [PMID: 31980706 PMCID: PMC6981140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of cancer cells to hypoxic conditions found within the interior of a tumor mass is mediated through the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) cascade and is thought to promote metastasis. However, given their distant proximity from blood vessels as compared to normoxic cells at the vascularised tumor periphery, it is uncertain if these cells can migrate through the tumor mass to gain access. Hypoxia was simulated by exposure to cobalt chloride or deferoxamine in normal (MCF10A) and cancerous [estrogen receptor (ER)−ve (pII), and ER +ve (YS1.2/ EII)] cells. In this report, HIF1α expression and localization was measured using western blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence, cell proliferation by MTT assay, motility and invasion by wound healing, live cell imaging, matrigel and co-culture in chambered slides. We found that the expression and nuclear translocation of HIF1α was significantly elevated by hypoxia, which inhibited cell proliferation, but significantly increased motility of pII cells and their penetration into and through a dense layer of adjacent EII cells, as well as their selective emergence out of a co-culture. These data suggest that endocrine resistant pII cancer cells, having undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition are able to penetrate through other cell layers, with possible enhancement in response to hypoxia.
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Haque I, Ghosh A, Acup S, Banerjee S, Dhar K, Ray A, Sarkar S, Kambhampati S, Banerjee SK. Leptin-induced ER-α-positive breast cancer cell viability and migration is mediated by suppressing CCN5-signaling via activating JAK/AKT/STAT-pathway. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:99. [PMID: 29370782 PMCID: PMC5785848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-3993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In menopausal women, one of the critical risk factors for breast cancer is obesity/adiposity. It is evident from various studies that leptin, a 16 kDa protein hormone overproduced in obese people, plays the critical role in neovascularization and tumorigenesis in breast and other organs. However, the mechanisms by which obesity influences the breast carcinogenesis remained unclear. In this study, by analyzing different estrogen receptor-α (ER-α)-positive and ER-α-negative BC cell lines, we defined the role of CCN5 in the leptin-mediated regulation of growth and invasive capacity. Methods We analyzed the effect of leptin on cell viability of ER-α-positive MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines and ER-α-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. Additionally, we also determined the effect of leptin on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) bio-markers, in vitro invasion and sphere-formation of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines. To understand the mechanism, we determined the impact of leptin on CCN5 expression and the functional role of CCN5 in these cells by the treatment of human recombinant CCN5 protein(hrCCN5). Moreover, we also determined the role of JAK-STAT and AKT in the regulation of leptin-induced suppression of CCN5 in BC cells. Results Present studies demonstrate that leptin can induce cell viability, EMT, sphere-forming ability and migration of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines. Furthermore, these studies found that leptin suppresses the expression of CCN5 at the transcriptional level. Although the CCN5 suppression has no impact on the constitutive proliferation of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells, it is critical for leptin-induced viability and necessary for EMT, induction of in vitro migration and sphere formation, as the hrCCN5 treatment significantly inhibits the leptin-induced viability, EMT, migration and sphere-forming ability of these cells. Mechanistically, CCN5-suppression by leptin is mediated via activating JAK/AKT/STAT-signaling pathways. Conclusions These studies suggest that CCN5 serves as a gatekeeper for leptin-dependent growth and progression of luminal-type (ER-positive) BC cells. Leptin may thus need to destroy the CCN5-barrier to promote BC growth and progression via activating JAK/AKT/STAT signaling. Therefore, these observations suggest a therapeutic potency of CCN5 by restoration or treatment in obese-related luminal-type BC growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Seth Acup
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Cancer Research Unit, Research Division 151, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
| | - Kakali Dhar
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Present Address: Syngene International Ltd, Clinical Development, Tower 1, Semicon Park, Phase II, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560100, India.,Present Address: Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies, USA
| | - Amitabha Ray
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Present Address: Syngene International Ltd, Clinical Development, Tower 1, Semicon Park, Phase II, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560100, India.,Present Address: Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies, USA
| | - Sandipto Sarkar
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Cancer Research Unit, Research Division 151, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
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7
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Fuady JH, Gutsche K, Santambrogio S, Varga Z, Hoogewijs D, Wenger RH. Estrogen-dependent downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α in invasive breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:31153-65. [PMID: 27105516 PMCID: PMC5058746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of estrogen (E2) and hypoxia in tumor progression is well established. Hypoxia has been reported to activate and degrade estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, E2 has been shown to regulate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein, but its role in HIF-2α regulation remains largely unexplored. In this study, we found that both HIF-2α mRNA and protein were down-regulated in ER positive but not ER negative breast cancer cells upon treatment with E2. The analysis of 690 samples derived from 608 mixed and 82 triple-negative breast cancer patients revealed that high nuclear HIF-2α tumor levels are associated with a worse prognosis specifically in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and hormone receptor positive patients. Consistently, ERα/HER2 positive breast cancer cells displayed less pronounced downregulation of HIF-2α by E2. Experiments using a histone deacetylase inhibitor indicate that the E2 mediated decrease in HIF-2α mRNA is due to transcriptional repression. A functional estrogen response element (ERE) was identified in the first intron of the gene encoding HIF-2α (EPAS1), suggesting transcriptional co-repressor recruitment by ERα. Our results demonstrate a novel modulation of HIF-2α in breast cancer cells, explaining the opposing regulation between HIF-1α and HIF-2α in hormone-responsive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry H Fuady
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Centre for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Gutsche
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Centre for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Santambrogio
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Centre for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Centre for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Deficiency of CCN5/WISP-2-Driven Program in breast cancer Promotes Cancer Epithelial cells to mesenchymal stem cells and Breast Cancer growth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1220. [PMID: 28450698 PMCID: PMC5430628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression and relapse is conceivably due to tumor initiating cells (TICs)/cancer stem cells. EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal-transition)-signaling regulates TICs’ turnover. However, the mechanisms associated with this episode are unclear. We show that, in triple-negative-breast cancer (TNBC) cells enriched with TICs, CCN5 significantly blocks cellular growth via apoptosis, reversing EMT-signaling and impairing mammosphere formation, thereby blocking the tumor-forming ability and invasive capacity of these cells. To corroborate these findings, we isolated tumor-initiating side populations (SP) and non-side population (NSP or main population) from MCF-7 cell line, and evaluated the impact of CCN5 on these subpopulations. CCN5 was overexpressed in the NSP but downregulated in the SP. Characteristically, NSP cells are ER-α positive and epithelial type with little tumorigenic potency, while SP cells are very similar to triple-negative ones that do not express ER-α- and Her-2 and are highly tumorigenic in xenograft models. The overexpression of CCN5 in SP results in EMT reversion, ER-α upregulation and delays in tumor growth in xenograft models. We reasoned that CCN5 distinguishes SP and NSP and could reprogram SP to NSP transition, thereby delaying tumor growth in the xenograft model. Collectively, we reveal how CCN5-signaling underlies the driving force to prevent TNBC growth and progression.
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9
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Lelli A, Nolan KA, Santambrogio S, Gonçalves AF, Schönenberger MJ, Guinot A, Frew IJ, Marti HH, Hoogewijs D, Wenger RH. Induction of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in hypoxic mice. HYPOXIA 2015; 3:45-52. [PMID: 27774481 PMCID: PMC5045088 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s90555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long thought to be “junk DNA”, in recent years it has become clear that a substantial fraction of intergenic genomic DNA is actually transcribed, forming long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Like mRNA, lncRNA can also be spliced, capped, and polyadenylated, affecting a multitude of biological processes. While the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of lncRNAs have just begun to be elucidated, the conditional regulation of lncRNAs remains largely unexplored. In genome-wide studies our group and others recently found hypoxic transcriptional induction of a subset of lncRNAs, whereof nuclear-enriched abundant/autosomal transcript 1 (NEAT1) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) appear to be the lncRNAs most ubiquitously and most strongly induced by hypoxia in cultured cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2 rather than HIF-1 seems to be the preferred transcriptional activator of these lncRNAs. For the first time, we also found strong induction primarily of MALAT1 in organs of mice exposed to inspiratory hypoxia. Most abundant hypoxic levels of MALAT1 lncRNA were found in kidney and testis. In situ hybridization revealed that the hypoxic induction in the kidney was confined to proximal rather than distal tubular epithelial cells. Direct oxygen-dependent regulation of MALAT1 lncRNA was confirmed using isolated primary kidney epithelial cells. In summary, high expression levels and acute, profound hypoxic induction of MALAT1 suggest a hitherto unrecognized role of this lncRNA in renal proximal tubular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Lelli
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Nolan
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Santambrogio
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Filipa Gonçalves
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam J Schönenberger
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Guinot
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J Frew
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo H Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Schörg A, Santambrogio S, Platt JL, Schödel J, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Schrödter K, Mole DR, Wenger RH, Hoogewijs D. Destruction of a distal hypoxia response element abolishes trans-activation of the PAG1 gene mediated by HIF-independent chromatin looping. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5810-23. [PMID: 26007655 PMCID: PMC4499134 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial step in the cellular adaptation to oxygen deficiency is the binding of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) to hypoxia response elements (HREs) of oxygen-regulated genes. Genome-wide HIF-1α/2α/β DNA-binding studies revealed that the majority of HREs reside distant to the promoter regions, but the function of these distal HREs has only been marginally studied in the genomic context. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), gene editing (TALEN) and chromosome conformation capture (3C) to localize and functionally characterize a 82 kb upstream HRE that solely drives oxygen-regulated expression of the newly identified HIF target gene PAG1. PAG1, a transmembrane adaptor protein involved in Src signalling, was hypoxically induced in various cell lines and mouse tissues. ChIP and reporter gene assays demonstrated that the -82 kb HRE regulates PAG1, but not an equally distant gene further upstream, by direct interaction with HIF. Ablation of the consensus HRE motif abolished the hypoxic induction of PAG1 but not general oxygen signalling. 3C assays revealed that the -82 kb HRE physically associates with the PAG1 promoter region, independent of HIF-DNA interaction. These results demonstrate a constitutive interaction between the -82 kb HRE and the PAG1 promoter, suggesting a physiologically important rapid response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schörg
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Santambrogio
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - James L Platt
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Ox3 7BN, UK
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - David R Mole
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Ox3 7BN, UK
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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