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Kronenberg J, Schrödter K, Noll GA, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Känel P. The tobacco phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein NtFT4 simultaneously improves vitality, growth, and protein yield in human cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3770-3786. [PMID: 34110007 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of biopharmaceutical proteins in mammalian cells by transient expression or stable transformation requires robust and viable cells. Cell line engineering must therefore balance improved cell growth and viability with high productivity. We tested the ability of nonmammalian phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins to enhance cell proliferation in monolayers and suspension cultures. The tobacco protein NtFT4 improved the proliferation of multiple human cell lines. Viable cell density is usually impaired by efficient transfection, but we found that the number of HEK-293TNtFT4 cells at the peak of protein expression was twice that of standard HEK-293T cells, and the antibody yield increased by approximately one-third. Improved growth and viability were observed in different cell lines, in different culture media, and also after transient transfection, suggesting the beneficial trait is consistent and transferable. Additional modifications could boost the productivity of high-density HEK-293TNtFT4 cells even further as we showed for a fluorescent marker protein and recombinant antibody expressed in monolayer cultures. The HEK-293TNtFT4 cell line provides a new human model platform that increases cell proliferation, also achieving a fundamental improvement in recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kronenberg
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Gundula A Noll
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip Känel
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
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Kantari-Mimoun C, Krzywinska E, Castells M, Milien C, Klose R, Meinecke AK, Lemberger U, Mathivet T, Gojkovic M, Schrödter K, Österreicher C, Fandrey J, Rundqvist H, Stockmann C. Boosting the hypoxic response in myeloid cells accelerates resolution of fibrosis and regeneration of the liver in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15085-15100. [PMID: 28118605 PMCID: PMC5362469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) specifically in scar-infiltrating myeloid cells prevented remodeling of the sinusoidal vasculature and abrogated the resolution of murine liver fibrosis, thereby unmasking an unanticipated link between angiogenesis and resolution of fibrosis. In a gain of function approach, we wanted to test the impact of VEGF overexpression in myeloid cells on fibrolysis. We observe that genetic inactivation of the von Hippel Lindau protein (VHL), a negative regulator of Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) in myeloid cells, leads to increased VEGF expression and most importantly, accelerated matrix degradation and reduced myofibroblast numbers after CCl4 challenge. This is associated with enhanced expression of MMP-2 and -14 as well as lower expression of TIMP-2 in liver endothelial cells. In addition, we report increased expression of MMP-13 in scar-associated macrophages as well as improved liver regeneration upon ablation of VHL in myeloid cells. Finally, therapeutic infusion of macrophages nulli-zygous for VHL or treated with the pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibitor and HIF-inducer Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) accelerates resolution of fibrosis. Hence, boosting the HIF-VEGF signaling axis in macrophages represents a promising therapeutic avenue for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazade Kantari-Mimoun
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Ewelina Krzywinska
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Magali Castells
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Milien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Ralph Klose
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | | | - Ursula Lemberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine III Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mathivet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Milos Gojkovic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Österreicher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
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Schörg A, Santambrogio S, Platt JL, Schödel J, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Schrödter K, Mole DR, Wenger RH, Hoogewijs D. Destruction of a distal hypoxia response element abolishes trans-activation of the PAG1 gene mediated by HIF-independent chromatin looping. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5810-23. [PMID: 26007655 PMCID: PMC4499134 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial step in the cellular adaptation to oxygen deficiency is the binding of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) to hypoxia response elements (HREs) of oxygen-regulated genes. Genome-wide HIF-1α/2α/β DNA-binding studies revealed that the majority of HREs reside distant to the promoter regions, but the function of these distal HREs has only been marginally studied in the genomic context. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), gene editing (TALEN) and chromosome conformation capture (3C) to localize and functionally characterize a 82 kb upstream HRE that solely drives oxygen-regulated expression of the newly identified HIF target gene PAG1. PAG1, a transmembrane adaptor protein involved in Src signalling, was hypoxically induced in various cell lines and mouse tissues. ChIP and reporter gene assays demonstrated that the -82 kb HRE regulates PAG1, but not an equally distant gene further upstream, by direct interaction with HIF. Ablation of the consensus HRE motif abolished the hypoxic induction of PAG1 but not general oxygen signalling. 3C assays revealed that the -82 kb HRE physically associates with the PAG1 promoter region, independent of HIF-DNA interaction. These results demonstrate a constitutive interaction between the -82 kb HRE and the PAG1 promoter, suggesting a physiologically important rapid response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schörg
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Santambrogio
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - James L Platt
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Ox3 7BN, UK
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - David R Mole
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Ox3 7BN, UK
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Kantari-Mimoun C, Castells M, Klose R, Meinecke AK, Lemberger UJ, Rautou PE, Pinot-Roussel H, Badoual C, Schrödter K, Österreicher CH, Fandrey J, Stockmann C. Resolution of liver fibrosis requires myeloid cell-driven sinusoidal angiogenesis. Hepatology 2015; 61:2042-55. [PMID: 25475053 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Angiogenesis is a key feature of liver fibrosis. Although sinusoidal remodeling is believed to contribute to fibrogenesis, the impact of sinusoidal angiogenesis on the resolution of liver fibrosis remains undefined. Myeloid cells, particularly macrophages, constantly infiltrate the fibrotic liver and can profoundly contribute to remodeling of liver sinusoids. We observe that the development of fibrosis is associated with decreased hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression as well as sinusoidal rarefication of the fibrotic scar. In contrast, the resolution of fibrosis is characterized by a rise in hepatic VEGF levels and revascularization of the fibrotic tissue. Genetic ablation of VEGF in myeloid cells or pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor 2 signaling prevents this angiogenic response and the resolution of liver fibrosis. We observe increased expression of matrix metalloproteases as well as decreased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases confined to sinusoidal endothelial cells in response to myeloid cell VEGF. Remarkably, reintroduction of myeloid cell-derived VEGF upon recovery restores collagenolytic acitivity and the resolution of fibrosis. CONCLUSION We identify myeloid cell-derived VEGF as a critical regulator of extracellular matrix degradation by liver endothelial cells, thereby unmasking an unanticipated link between angiogenesis and the resolution of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazade Kantari-Mimoun
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Magali Castells
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Ralph Klose
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Katharina Meinecke
- Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ursula J Lemberger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,DHU Unity, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Service d'Hépatologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France
| | - Hélène Pinot-Roussel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomie et Pathologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomie et Pathologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Österreicher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
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