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Dasilva MA, Andrada KFC, Torales MM, Hughes IM, Pez P, García-Martínez JC, Paraje MG. Synergistic activity of gold nanoparticles with amphotericin B on persister cells of Candida tropicalis biofilms. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:254. [PMID: 38755625 PMCID: PMC11097580 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The antifungal activity was studied on sessile and persister cells (PCs) of Candida tropicalis biofilms of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB-AuNPs) and those conjugated with cysteine, in combination with Amphotericin B (AmB). MATERIALS/METHODS The PC model was used and synergistic activity was tested by the checkerboard assay. Biofilms were studied by crystal violet and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS After the combination of both AuNPs and AmB the biofilm biomass was reduced, with significant differences in architecture being observed with a reduced biofilm matrix. In addition, the CTAB-AuNPs-AmB combination significantly reduced PCs. Understanding how these AuNPs aid in the fight against biofilms and the development of new approaches to eradicate PCs has relevance for chronic infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dasilva
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - K F Crespo Andrada
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - M Maldonado Torales
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - I Manrrique Hughes
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - P Pez
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J C García-Martínez
- Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, España
| | - María Gabriela Paraje
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
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2
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Muszalska-Kolos I, Dwiecki PM. Searching for Conjugates as New Structures for Antifungal Therapies. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38470824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The progressive increase in fungal infections and the decrease in the effectiveness of current therapy explain research on new drugs. The synthesis of compounds with proven antifungal activity, favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties affecting their pharmaceutical availability and bioavailability, and limiting or eliminating side effects has become the goal of many studies. The publication describes the directions of searching for new compounds with antifungal activity, focusing on conjugates. The described modifications include, among others, azoles or amphotericin B in combination with fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers. The benefits of these combinations in terms of activity, mechanism of action, and bioavailability were indicated. The possibilities of creating or using nanoparticles, "umbrella" conjugates, siderophores (iron-chelating compounds), and monoclonal antibodies were also presented. Taking into account the role of vaccinations in prevention, the scope of research related to developing a vaccine protecting against fungal infections was also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Muszalska-Kolos
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Mariusz Dwiecki
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Pharmaceutical Company "Ziołolek" Sp. z o.o., Starolecka 189, 61-341 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Surekha S, Lamiyan AK, Gupta V. Antibiotic Resistant Biofilms and the Quest for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:20-35. [PMID: 38468748 PMCID: PMC10924852 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major leading causes of death around the globe. Present treatment pipelines are insufficient to overcome the critical situation. Prominent biofilm forming human pathogens which can thrive in infection sites using adaptive features results in biofilm persistence. Considering the present scenario, prudential investigations into the mechanisms of resistance target them to improve antibiotic efficacy is required. Regarding this, developing newer and effective treatment options using edge cutting technologies in medical research is the need of time. The reasons underlying the adaptive features in biofilm persistence have been centred on different metabolic and physiological aspects. The high tolerance levels against antibiotics direct researchers to search for novel bioactive molecules that can help combat the problem. In view of this, the present review outlines the focuses on an opportunity of different strategies which are in testing pipeline can thus be developed into products ready to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Surekha
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Varsha Gupta
- GMCH: Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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4
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Khodavandi P, Hosseini A, Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Azizi A, Gerami M. Hyphae-specific genes: Possible molecular targets for magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles alone and combined with visible light in Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103822. [PMID: 37778716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans readily develops resistance to fluconazole. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (denoted as MION) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy are attracting attention as therapeutic agents. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of MION alone and combined with visible light against C. albicans and expression analysis of hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1) and agglutinin-like sequence 1 (ALS1) genes in C. albicans. Antifungal susceptibility testing, photodynamic activity assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay and gene expression analysis were determined in C. albicans treated with MION alone and combined with visible light. MION at 1 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) level (500 μg/mL) exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans isolates. Further, 1 × MIC levels of MION alone and combined with visible light displayed remarkable fungicidal effects at 24 and 48 h after treatment. The MION combined with visible light caused the highest levels of ROS production by all C. albicans isolates. The relative RT-PCR data showed significant downregulation of HWP1 and ALS1 genes which are the key virulence genes in C. albicans. Differences in gene expression of HWP1 and ALS1 were more significant in MION combined with visible light treatments than MION alone. Our study sheds a novel light on facile development of effective treatment of C. albicans especially fluconazole-resistant C. albicans infections. The hyphae-specific genes HWP1 and ALS1 could be probable molecular targets for MION alone and combined with visible light in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Alireza Khodavandi
- Department of Biology, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Alizadeh
- Department of Biology, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
| | - Arsalan Azizi
- Department of Pathology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Majid Gerami
- Education Research Center, Yasuj University, Yasuj, Iran
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5
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Esfahani MB, Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Bahador N. Possible Molecular Targeting of Biofilm-Associated Genes by Nano-Ag in Candida albicans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04758-6. [PMID: 37922031 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of candidiasis infections is hindered by the presence of biofilms. Here, we report the biofilm-associated genes as potential molecular targets by silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) in Candida albicans. Nano-Ag was biosynthesized using Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and Fusarium oxysporum. The physicochemical properties of the microbial-synthesized of nano-Ag are widely characterized by visual observation, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Characterization results revealed the formation of nano-Ag. Antiplanktonic cells and antibiofilm activities of nano-Ag were also demonstrated by minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), MFC/MIC ratio, crystal violet staining, 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5 sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT), and microscopic image analysis. We have analyzed the expressions of biofilm-associated genes in C. albicans treated with different concentrations of nano-Ag based on MIC. The expression profile of BCR1, ALS1, ALS3, HWP1, and ECE1 showed downregulated genes involved in these pathways by the treatment with nanoparticles. Negative regulators, TUP1, NRG1, and TOR1, were upregulated by the treatment of nano-Ag. Our study suggests that nano-Ag affects gene expression and may subsequently decrease the pathogenesis of C. albicans by inhibiting biofilm formation. Molecular targeting of biofilm-associated genes involved in biofilm formation by nano-Ag may be an effective treatment strategy for candidiasis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khodavandi
- Department of Biology, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Alizadeh
- Department of Biology, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
| | - Nima Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Madkhali OA. A comprehensive review on potential applications of metallic nanoparticles as antifungal therapies to combat human fungal diseases. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101733. [PMID: 37649674 PMCID: PMC10463261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic fungi are responsible for causing a range of infection types including mucosal, skin, and invasive infections. Life-threatening and invasive fungal infections (FIs) are responsible for mortality and morbidity, especially for individuals with compromised immune function. The number of currently available therapeutic agents against invasive FIs is limited compared to that against bacterial infections. In addition, the increased mortality and morbidity caused by FIs are linked to the limited number of available antifungal agents, antifungal resistance, and the increased toxicity of these agents. Currently available antifungal agents have several drawbacks in efficiency, efficacy, toxicity, activity spectrum, and selectivity. It has already been demonstrated with numerous metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) that these nanoparticles can serve as an effective and alternative solution as fungicidal agents. MNPs have great potential owing to their intrinsic antifungal properties and potential to deliver antifungal drugs. For instance, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have the capacity to disturb mitochondrial calcium homeostasis induced AuNP-mediated cell death in Candida albicans. In addition, both copper nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles exerted significant suppressive properties against pathogenic fungi. Silver nanoparticles showed strong antifungal properties against numerous pathogenic fungi, such as Stachybotrys chartarum, Mortierella alpina, Chaetomium globosum, A. fumigatus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium brevicompactum, Trichophyton rubrum, C. tropicalis, and C. albicans. Iron oxide nanoparticles showed potent antifungal activities against A. niger and P. chrysogenum. It has also been reported that zinc oxide nanoparticles can significantly inhibit fungal growth. These NPs have already exerted potent antifungal properties against a number of pathogenic fungal species including Candida, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and many others. Several strategies are currently used for the research and development of antifungal NPs including chemical modification of NPs and combination with the available drugs. This review has comprehensively presented the current and innovative antifungal approach using MNPs. Moreover, different types of MNPs, their physicochemical characteristics, and production techniques have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Madkhali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45124, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Maione A, Buonanno A, Galdiero M, de Alteriis E, Petrillo F, Reibaldi M, Guida M, Galdiero E. A Re-Purposing Strategy: Sub-Lethal Concentrations of an Eicosanoid Derived from the Omega-3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Resolvin D1 Affect Dual Species Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12876. [PMID: 37629056 PMCID: PMC10454369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal species Candida parapsilosis and the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus may be responsible for hospital-acquired infections in patients undergoing invasive medical interventions or surgical procedures and often coinfect critically ill patients in complicating polymicrobial biofilms. The efficacy of the re-purposing therapy has recently been reported as an alternative to be used. PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) may be used alone or in combination with currently available traditional antimicrobials to prevent and manage various infections overcoming antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) as an antimicrobial on S. aureus and C. parapsilosis, as well as the activity against the mixed biofilm of the same two species. Microdilution assays and time-kill growth curves revealed bacterial and fungal inhibition at minimum concentration values between 5 and 10 μg mL-1. In single-species structures, an inhibition of 55% and 42% was reported for S. aureus and C. parapsilosis, respectively. Moreover, RvD1 demonstrated an eradication capacity of 60% and 80% for single- and mixed-species biofilms, respectively. In association with the inhibition activity, a downregulation of genes involved in biofilm formation as well as ROS accumulation was observed. Eradication capability was confirmed also on mature mixed biofilm grown on silicone platelets as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In conclusion, RvD1 was efficient against mono and polymicrobial biofilms in vitro, being a promising alternative for the treatment of mixed bacterial/fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.d.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Buonanno
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.d.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta de Alteriis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.d.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Eye Clinic, Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Eye Clinic, Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.d.A.); (M.G.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (E.d.A.); (M.G.)
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
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8
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Botelho Sampaio de Oliveira K, Lopes Leite M, Albuquerque Cunha V, Brito da Cunha N, Luiz Franco O. Challenges and advances in antimicrobial peptide development. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103629. [PMID: 37230283 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance is a major concern for public health worldwide, mainly because of the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. In this scenario, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative means by which to control infectious diseases, because of their broad spectrum of action. However, some challenges can make their clinical application problematic, including metabolic instability and toxicity. Here, we provide a clear description of AMPs as promising molecules for the development of unusual antimicrobial drugs. We also describe current strategies used to overcome the main difficulties related to AMP clinical application, including different peptide designs and nanoformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Botelho Sampaio de Oliveira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Michel Lopes Leite
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco K, 70.790-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victor Albuquerque Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nicolau Brito da Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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9
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Torres R, Barreto-Santamaría A, Arévalo-Pinzón G, Firacative C, Gómez BL, Escandón P, Patarroyo MA, Muñoz JE. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Three Synthetic Peptides against Candida auris and Other Candida Species of Medical Importance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1234. [PMID: 37627654 PMCID: PMC10451292 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection affecting immunosuppressed and hospitalized patients, with mortality rates approaching 40% in Colombia. The growing pharmacological resistance of Candida species and the emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris are major public health problems. Therefore, different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being investigated as therapeutic alternatives to control candidiasis effectively and safely. This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of three synthetic AMPs, PNR20, PNR20-1, and 35409, against ATCC reference strains of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis, and clinical isolates of C. auris. Antifungal susceptibility testing, determined by broth microdilution, showed that the AMPs have antifungal activity against planktonic cells of all Candida species evaluated. In C. auris and C. albicans, the peptides had an effect on biofilm formation and cell viability, as determined by the XTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Also, morphological alterations in the membrane and at the intracellular level of these species were induced by the peptides, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. In vitro, the AMPs had no cytotoxicity against L929 murine fibroblasts. Our results showed that the evaluated AMPs are potential therapeutic alternatives against the most important Candida species in Colombia and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richar Torres
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Adriana Barreto-Santamaría
- Receptor-Ligand Department Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.B.-S.); (G.A.-P.)
| | - Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón
- Receptor-Ligand Department Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (A.B.-S.); (G.A.-P.)
| | - Carolina Firacative
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Beatriz L. Gómez
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Patricia Escandón
- Microbiology Group, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Julián E. Muñoz
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (C.F.); (B.L.G.)
- Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
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10
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Todaro B, Ottalagana E, Luin S, Santi M. Targeting Peptides: The New Generation of Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1648. [PMID: 37376097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides can act as targeting molecules, analogously to oligonucleotide aptamers and antibodies. They are particularly efficient in terms of production and stability in physiological environments; in recent years, they have been increasingly studied as targeting agents for several diseases, from tumors to central nervous system disorders, also thanks to the ability of some of them to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we will describe the techniques employed for their experimental and in silico design, as well as their possible applications. We will also discuss advancements in their formulation and chemical modifications that make them even more stable and effective. Finally, we will discuss how their use could effectively help to overcome various physiological problems and improve existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Todaro
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Ottalagana
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Melissa Santi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Maione A, Galdiero E, Cirillo L, Gambino E, Gallo MA, Sasso FP, Petrillo A, Guida M, Galdiero M. Prevalence, Resistance Patterns and Biofilm Production Ability of Bacterial Uropathogens from Cases of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in South Italy. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040537. [PMID: 37111423 PMCID: PMC10145297 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired urinary tract infections represent the most common infectious diseases in the community setting. Knowing the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens is crucial for establishing empirical treatment. The aim of the current study is to determine the incidence of the causative agents of UTIs and their resistance profiles. Patients of all ages and both sexes were enrolled in the study, and admitted to San Ciro Diagnostic Center in Naples between January 2019 and Jun 2020. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were carried out using Vitek 2 system. Among the 2741 urine samples, 1702 (62.1%) and 1309 (37.9%) were negative and positive for bacterial growth, respectively. Of 1309 patients with infection, 760 (73.1%) were females and 279 (26.9%) were males. The greatest number of positive cases were found in the in the elderly (>61 years). Regarding uropathogens, 1000 (96.2%) were Gram-negative while 39 (3.8%) were Gram-positive strains. The three most isolated pathogenic strains were Escherichia coli (72.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.4%), and Proteus mirabilis (9.0%). Strong biofilm formation ability was observed in about 30% of the tested isolates. The low resistance rates recorded against nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and gentamicin could suggest them as the most appropriate therapies for CA-UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edvige Gambino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Paola Sasso
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Naples, Italy
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12
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Bermúdez-Puga S, Morán-Marcillo G, Espinosa de Los Monteros-Silva N, Naranjo RE, Toscano F, Vizuete K, Torres Arias M, Almeida JR, Proaño-Bolaños C. Inspiration from cruzioseptin-1: membranolytic analogue with improved antibacterial properties. Amino Acids 2023; 55:113-124. [PMID: 36609571 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptide engineering has gained attraction as a source of new cationicity-enhanced analogues with high potential for the design of next-generation antibiotics. In this context, cruzioseptin-1 (CZS-1), a peptide identified from Cruziohyla calcarifer, is recognized for its antimicrobial potency. However, this amidated-peptide is moderately hemolytic. In order to reduce toxicity and increase antimicrobial potency, 3 peptide analogues based on cruzioseptin-1 were designed and evaluated. [K4K15]CZS-1, an analogue with increased cationicity and reduced hydrophobicity, showed antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative properties. In addition, [K4K15]CZS-1 is less hemolytic than CZS-1. The in silico and scanning electron microscopy analysis reveal that [K4K15]CZS-1 induces a membranolytic effect on bacteria. Overall, these results confirm the potential of CZS-1 as source of inspiration for design new selective antimicrobial analogues useful for development of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Bermúdez-Puga
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 ½ Vía Muyuna, Tena, Napo, 150150, Ecuador
| | - Giovanna Morán-Marcillo
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 ½ Vía Muyuna, Tena, Napo, 150150, Ecuador
| | - Nina Espinosa de Los Monteros-Silva
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 ½ Vía Muyuna, Tena, Napo, 150150, Ecuador
| | - Renato E Naranjo
- Dirección Nacional de Biodiversidad, Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica, Madrid 1159 y Andalucía, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
| | - Fernanda Toscano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, CENCINAT, GISAH Av. Gral. Rumiñahui S/N, P.O. Box 171, -5-231B, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Karla Vizuete
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, 170501, Ecuador
| | - Marbel Torres Arias
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, CENCINAT, GISAH Av. Gral. Rumiñahui S/N, P.O. Box 171, -5-231B, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - José R Almeida
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 ½ Vía Muyuna, Tena, Napo, 150150, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Proaño-Bolaños
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 ½ Vía Muyuna, Tena, Napo, 150150, Ecuador.
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13
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Zhu M, Hu X, Liu H, Tian J, Yang J, Li L, Luo B, Zhou C, Lu L. Antibacterial peptide encapsulation and sustained release from chitosan-based delivery system. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Sabzi N, Moniri R, Sehat M, Fathizadeh H, Nazari-Alam A. Antimicrobial effect of silver and gold nanoparticles in combination with linezolid on Enterococcus biofilm. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 14:863-873. [PMID: 36721451 PMCID: PMC9867620 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i6.11261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives In the past few years, application of new antimicrobial e.g. nanoparticles (NPs) to treat infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria has increased. This study aimed to determine antimicrobial property of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in combination with linezolid on Enterococcus biofilm. Materials and Methods A total of forty-eight isolates of Enterococcus spp. were collected and confirmed by PCR method. The synthesis of biocompatible AgNPs was performed, then analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy. We carried out minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm forming capacity of AgNPs and AuNPs with linezolid. Results Twenty-two E. faecium isolates and twentysix E. faecalis investigated in this study. Strong biofilm formation was seen in 12 (25%) of isolates, and others isolates (75%) formed moderate biofilm. AgNPs and Au-NPs size were 26 nm and 20 nm respectively. The MIC of AgNPs was 23.2 μg/ml, and AuNPs were 92.1 μg/ml and the lowest MIC was obtained 2 μg/ml in linezolid. Biofilm formation inhibitory activity by AuNPs + Linezolide and AgNPs + Linezolide 70 to 80 percent increased in average. Conclusion The antibiofilm activity of AgNPs and AuNPs increased when both agents were used in combination with linezolid in comparison with each agent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Sabzi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Moniri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sehat
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hadis Fathizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari-Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Corresponding author: Ali Nazari-Alam, Ph.D, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Tel: +98-3155540021-25 Fax: +98-3155541112
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15
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Gurunathan S, Lee AR, Kim JH. Antifungal Effect of Nanoparticles against COVID-19 Linked Black Fungus: A Perspective on Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12526. [PMID: 36293381 PMCID: PMC9604067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that has caused a 'coronavirus disease 2019' (COVID-19) pandemic in multiple waves, which threatens human health and public safety. During this pandemic, some patients with COVID-19 acquired secondary infections, such as mucormycosis, also known as black fungus disease. Mucormycosis is a serious, acute, and deadly fungal infection caused by Mucorales-related fungal species, and it spreads rapidly. Hence, prompt diagnosis and treatment are necessary to avoid high mortality and morbidity rates. Major risk factors for this disease include uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression that can also facilitate increases in mucormycosis infections. The extensive use of steroids to prevent the worsening of COVID-19 can lead to black fungus infection. Generally, antifungal agents dedicated to medical applications must be biocompatible, non-toxic, easily soluble, efficient, and hypoallergenic. They should also provide long-term protection against fungal growth. COVID-19-related black fungus infection causes a severe increase in fatalities. Therefore, there is a strong need for the development of novel and efficient antimicrobial agents. Recently, nanoparticle-containing products available in the market have been used as antimicrobial agents to prevent bacterial growth, but little is known about their efficacy with respect to preventing fungal growth, especially black fungus. The present review focuses on the effect of various types of metal nanoparticles, specifically those containing silver, zinc oxide, gold, copper, titanium, magnetic, iron, and carbon, on the growth of various types of fungi. We particularly focused on how these nanoparticles can impact the growth of black fungus. We also discussed black fungus co-infection in the context of the global COVID-19 outbreak, and management and guidelines to help control COVID-19-associated black fungus infection. Finally, this review aimed to elucidate the relationship between COVID-19 and mucormycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Lee
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA Medical Center, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Jin Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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16
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Sidorowicz A, Margarita V, Fais G, Pantaleo A, Manca A, Concas A, Rappelli P, Fiori PL, Cao G. Characterization of nanomaterials synthesized from Spirulina platensis extract and their potential antifungal activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274753. [PMID: 36112659 PMCID: PMC9481030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, fungal infections increase, and the demand of novel antifungal agents is constantly rising. In the present study, silver, titanium dioxide, cobalt (II) hydroxide and cobalt (II,III) oxide nanomaterials have been synthesized from Spirulina platensis extract. The synthesis mechanism has been studied using GCMS and FTIR thus confirming the involvement of secondary metabolites, mainly amines. The obtained products have been analysed using XRD, SEM, TGA and zeta potential techniques. The findings revealed average crystallite size of 15.22 nm with 9.72 nm for oval-shaped silver nanoparticles increasing to 26.01 nm and 24.86 nm after calcination and 4.81 nm for spherical-shaped titanium dioxide nanoparticles which decreased to 4.62 nm after calcination. Nanoflake shape has been observed for cobalt hydroxide nanomaterials and for cobalt (II, III) oxide with crystallite size of 3.52 nm and 13.28 nm, respectively. Silver nanoparticles showed the best thermal and water dispersion stability of all the prepared structures. Once subjected to three different Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei) silver nanoparticles and cobalt (II) hydroxide nanomaterials showed strong antifungal activity at 50 μg/mL with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. After light exposition, MIC values for nanomaterials decreased (to 12.5 μg/mL) for C. krusei and increased (100 μg/mL) for C. albicans and C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sidorowicz
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Fais
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Concas
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Rappelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Fiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (PLF); (GC)
| | - Giacomo Cao
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail: (PLF); (GC)
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17
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da Silva MA, García-Martínez JC, Páez PL, Paraje MG. Fungicidal and antibiofilm activities of gold nanoparticles on Candida tropicalis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1663-1676. [PMID: 36515357 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the antifungal activity of two different functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP), those stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and those conjugated with cysteine, and their effects on the architecture of Candida tropicalis biofilms. Materials & methods: Biofilms were studied by crystal violet binding assay and scanning electron microscopy. We investigated the effects of AuNPs on reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen intermediates and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses. Results/Conclusion: The fungicidal activity and cellular stress of both AuNPs affected biofilm growth through accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen intermediates. However, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-stabilized AuNPs revealed a higher redox imbalance. We correlated, for the first time, AuNP effects with the redox imbalance and alterations in the architecture of C. tropicalis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angel da Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, X5000JJC, Argentina.,Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Calizto García-Martínez
- Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, 02008, España
| | - Paulina Laura Páez
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Paraje
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, X5000JJC, Argentina.,Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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18
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Freitas ED, Bataglioli RA, Oshodi J, Beppu MM. Antimicrobial peptides and their potential application in antiviral coating agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112693. [PMID: 35853393 PMCID: PMC9262651 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus pandemic has evidenced the importance of creating bioactive materials to mitigate viral infections, especially in healthcare settings and public places. Advances in antiviral coatings have led to materials with impressive antiviral performance; however, their application may face health and environmental challenges. Bio-inspired antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are suitable building blocks for antimicrobial coatings due to their versatile design, scalability, and environmentally friendly features. This review presents the advances and opportunities on the AMPs to create virucidal coatings. The review first describes the fundamental characteristics of peptide structure and synthesis, highlighting the recent findings on AMPs and the role of peptide structure (α-helix, β-sheet, random, and cyclic peptides) on the virucidal mechanism. The following section presents the advances in AMPs coating on medical devices with a detailed description of the materials coated and the targeted pathogens. The use of peptides in vaccine formulations is also reported, emphasizing the molecular interaction of peptides with different viruses and the current clinical stage of each formulation. The role of several materials (metallic particles, inorganic materials, and synthetic polymers) in the design of antiviral coatings is also presented, discussing the advantages and the drawbacks of each material. The final section offers future directions and opportunities for using AMPs on antiviral coatings to prevent viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle D Freitas
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Rogério A Bataglioli
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Josephine Oshodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Marisa M Beppu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil.
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19
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Competitiveness during Dual-Species Biofilm Formation of Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans and a Novel Treatment Strategy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061167. [PMID: 35745740 PMCID: PMC9227787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During an infection, a single or multispecies biofilm can develop. Infections caused by non-dermatophyte molds, such as Fusarium spp. and yeasts, such as Candida spp., are particularly difficult to treat due to the formation of a mixed biofilm of the two species. Fusarium oxysporum is responsible for approximately 20% of human fusariosis, while Candida albicans is responsible for superficial mucosal and dermal infections and for disseminated bloodstream infections with a mortality rate above 40%. This study aims to investigate the interactions between C. albicans and F. oxysporum dual-species biofilm, considering variable formation conditions. Further, the ability of the WMR peptide, a modified version of myxinidin, to eradicate the mixed biofilm when used alone or in combination with fluconazole (FLC) was tested, and the efficacy of the combination of WMR and FLC at low doses was assessed, as well as its effect on the expression of some biofilm-related adhesin and hyphal regulatory genes. Finally, in order to confirm our findings in vivo and explore the synergistic effect of the two drugs, we utilized the Galleria mellonella infection model. We concluded that C. albicans negatively affects F. oxysporum growth in mixed biofilms. Combinatorial treatment by WMR and FLC significantly reduced the biomass and viability of both species in mature mixed biofilms, and these effects coincided with the reduced expression of biofilm-related genes in both fungi. Our results were confirmed in vivo since the synergistic antifungal activity of WMR and FLC increased the survival of infected larvae and reduced tissue invasion. These findings highlight the importance of drug combinations as an alternative treatment for C. albicans and F. oxysporum mixed biofilms.
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20
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Bharti S, Zakir F, Mirza MA, Aggarwal G. Antifungal biofilm strategies: a less explored area in wound management. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1497-1513. [PMID: 35410595 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220411100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background- The treatment of wound associated infections has always remained a challenge for clinicians with the major deterring factor being microbial biofilms, majorly bacterial or fungal. Biofilm infections are becoming a global concern owing to resistance against antimicrobials. Fungal biofilms are formed by a wide variety of fungal pathogens namely Candida sp., Aspergillus fumigates, Trichosporon sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cryptococcus neoformans, among others. The rising cases of fungal biofilm resistance add to the burden of wound care. Additionally, with increase in the number of surgical procedures, transplantation and the exponential use of medical devices, fungal bioburden is on the rise. Objectives- The review discusses the methods of biofilm formation and the resistance mechanisms against conventional treatments. The potential of novel delivery strategies and the mechanisms involved therein are highlighted. Further, the prospects of nanotechnology based medical devices to combat fungal biofilm resistance have also been explored. Some of the clinical trials and up-to-date patent technologies to eradicate the biofilms are also mentioned. Conclusion- Due to the many challenges faced in preventing/eradicating biofilms, only a handful of approaches have been able to make it to the market. Fungal biofilms are a fragmentary area which needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bharti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi
| | - Foziyah Zakir
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi
| | - Mohd Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
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21
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Bellavita R, Maione A, Merlino F, Siciliano A, Dardano P, De Stefano L, Galdiero S, Galdiero E, Grieco P, Falanga A. Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Cyclic Temporin L Peptide Analogues against Albicans and Non-Albicans Candida Species. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020454. [PMID: 35214187 PMCID: PMC8877061 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporins are one of the largest families of antimicrobial peptides with both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Herein, for a panel of cyclic temporin L isoform analogues, the antifungal and antibiofilm activities were determined against representative Candida strains, including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. auris, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. The outcomes indicated a significant anti-candida activity against planktonic and biofilm growth for four peptides (3, 7, 15 and 16). The absence of toxicity up to high concentrations and survival after infection were assessed in vivo by using Galleria mellonella larvae, and the correlation between conformation and cytotoxicity was investigated by fluorescence assays and circular dichroism (CD). By combining fluorescence spectroscopy, CD, dynamic light scattering, confocal and atomic force microscopy, the mode of action of four analogues was hypothesized. The results pinpointed that peptide 3 emerged as a non-toxic compound showing a potent antibiofilm activity and represents a promising compound for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bellavita
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Principia Dardano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.D.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.D.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (P.G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-081-679182 (E.G.); +39-081-678620 (P.G.); +39-081-2534503 (A.F.)
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (P.G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-081-679182 (E.G.); +39-081-678620 (P.G.); +39-081-2534503 (A.F.)
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (P.G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-081-679182 (E.G.); +39-081-678620 (P.G.); +39-081-2534503 (A.F.)
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22
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Gupta P, Poluri KM. Elucidating the Eradication Mechanism of Perillyl Alcohol against Candida glabrata Biofilms: Insights into the Synergistic Effect with Azole Drugs. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:60-72. [PMID: 37102177 PMCID: PMC10114769 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased incidences of fungal infections and associated mortality have accelerated the need for effective and alternative therapeutics. Perillyl alcohol (PA) is a terpene produced by the hydroxylation of limonene via the mevalonate pathway. In pursuit of an alternative antifungal agent, we studied the effect of PA on the biofilm community of Candida glabrata and on different cellular pathways to decipher its mode of action. PA efficiently inhibited growth and eradicated biofilms by reducing carbohydrate and eDNA content in the extracellular matrix. PA reduced the activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the ECM of C. glabrata biofilm. The chemical profiling study has given insights into the overall mode of action of PA in C. glabrata and the marked involvement of the cell wall and membrane, ergosterol biosynthesis, oxidative stress, and DNA replication. The spectroscopic and RT-PCR studies suggested a strong interaction of PA with chitin, β-glucan, ergosterol, and efflux pump, thus indicating increased membrane fluidity in C. glabrata. Furthermore, the microscopic and flow cytometry analysis emphasized that PA facilitated the change in mitochondrial activity, increased Ca2+ influx via overexpression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and enhanced cytochrome C release from mitochondria. In addition, PA interferes with DNA replication and thus hinders the cell cycle progression at the S-phase. All these studies together established that PA mitigates the C. glabrata biofilms by targeting multiple cellular pathways. Interestingly, PA also potentiated the efficacy of azole drugs, particularly miconazole, against C. glabrata and its clinical isolates. Conclusively, the study demonstrated the use of PA as an effective antifungal agent alone or in combination with FDA-approved conventional drugs for fungal biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Batista Araujo J, Sastre de Souza G, Lorenzon EN. Indolicidin revisited: biological activity, potential applications and perspectives of an antimicrobial peptide not yet fully explored. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:39. [PMID: 35018535 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, viruses and tumors is a serious threat to public health. Among natural peptides, indolicidin, a 13-residue peptide belonging to the cathelicidin family, deserves special attention. Indolicidin has a broad spectrum of biological activity and is active against a wide range of targets, such as bacteria (Gram+ and Gram-), fungi and viruses. Here, we review the most important features of the biological activity, potential applications and perspectives of indolicidin and its analogs. Although not yet approved for commercialization, this peptide has great potential to be applied in different areas, including the medical, biomedical, food industry and other unexplored areas. To achieve this goal, a multidisciplinary team of researchers must work together to fine tune peptides that overall lead to novel analogs and formulations to combat existing and possibly future diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Sastre de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Prêto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva ARP, Guimarães M, Rabelo J, Belen L, Perecin C, Farias J, Picado Madalena Santos JH, Rangel-Yagui CO. Recent advances in the design of antimicrobial peptide conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3587-3600. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous host defense peptides characterized by antibiotic activity and lower propensity for developing resistance compared to classic antibiotics. While several AMPs have shown activity against antibiotic-sensitive...
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Skłodowski K, Chmielewska SJ, Depciuch J, Deptuła P, Piktel E, Daniluk T, Zakrzewska M, Czarnowski M, Cieśluk M, Durnaś B, Parlińska-Wojtan M, Savage PB, Bucki R. Ceragenin-Coated Non-Spherical Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Candidacidal Agents. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111940. [PMID: 34834355 PMCID: PMC8619546 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by Candida spp. have become one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, new effective fungicides are urgently needed, especially due to an escalating resistance crisis. METHODS A set of nanosystems with rod- (AuR), peanut- (AuP), and star-shaped (AuS) metal cores were synthesized. These gold nanoparticles were conjugated with ceragenins CSA-13, CSA-44, and CSA-131, and their activity was evaluated against Candida strains (n = 21) through the assessment of MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations)/MFCs (minimum fungicidal concentrations). Moreover, in order to determine the potential for resistance development, serial passages of Candida cells with tested nanosystems were performed. The principal mechanism of action of Au NPs was evaluated via ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation assessment, plasma membrane permeabilization, and release of the protein content. Finally, to evaluate the potential toxicity of Au NPs, the measurement of hemoglobin release from red blood cells (RBCs) was carried out. RESULTS All of the tested nanosystems exerted a potent candidacidal activity, regardless of the species or susceptibility to other antifungal agents. Significantly, no resistance development after 25 passages of Candida cells with AuR@CSA-13, AuR@CSA-44, and AuR@CSA-131 nanosystems was observed. Moreover, the fungicidal mechanism of action of the investigated nanosystems involved the generation of ROS, damage of the fungal cell membrane, and leakage of intracellular contents. Notably, no significant RBCs hemolysis at candidacidal doses of tested nanosystems was detected. CONCLUSIONS The results provide rationale for the development of gold nanoparticles of rod-, peanut-, and star-shaped conjugated with CSA-13, CSA-44, and CSA-131 as effective candidacidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Skłodowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Joanna Chmielewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Czarnowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cieśluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Collegium Modicum of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Mare AD, Ciurea CN, Man A, Mareș M, Toma F, Berța L, Tanase C. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized with Beech Bark Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10102153. [PMID: 34685961 PMCID: PMC8538873 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis is a green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study aimed to assess the antifungal activity of two silver nanoparticle solutions, synthesized using beech bark extract (BBE) and acetate and nitrate silver salts (AgNP Acetate BBE and AgNP Nitrate BBE), their influence on biofilm production, their potential synergistic effects with fluconazole, on different Candida spp., and their influence on virulence factors of C. albicans (germ tube production, gene expression for ALS3, SAP2, HSP70). Both the AgNP BBEs presented different minimum inhibitory concentrations for all the studied Candida spp., but biofilm production was inhibited only for C. albicans and C. guilliermondii. The growth rates of all the studied Candida spp. were inhibited in the presence of both AgNP BBEs, except for C. auris. Synergistic activity was observed for C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii, for different combinations of fluconazole with both the AgNP BBEs. The germ tube production of C. albicans was slightly inhibited by the AgNP BBEs. Only AgNP Acetate BBE was able to down-regulate the expression of SAP2. Overall, we can conclude that, even if more studies are necessary, AgNPs synthesized with beech bark extract might be an interesting alternative to classic antifungal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Delia Mare
- Department of Microbiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.D.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea
- Department of Microbiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.D.M.); (F.T.)
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.N.C.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-759083638 (C.N.C.); +40-745350520 (A.M.)
| | - Adrian Man
- Department of Microbiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.D.M.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.N.C.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-759083638 (C.N.C.); +40-745350520 (A.M.)
| | - Mihai Mareș
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Life Sciences, 8 Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu, 700489 Iași, Romania;
| | - Felicia Toma
- Department of Microbiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.D.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Lavinia Berța
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Corneliu Tanase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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Kareem HA, Samaka HM, Abdulridha WM. Evaluation of the effect of the gold nanoparticles prepared by green chemistry on the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7:1-5. [PMID: 34553090 PMCID: PMC8443874 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Mineral nanoparticle synthesis via green chemistry is considered a novel procedure that has been introduced into some industries and medical fields.
This paper aimed to focus on synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared via green chemistry and their usage in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on the green synthesis of AuNPs using olive leaf extract as a reducing agent. The UV visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction,
and atomic force microscopy techniques were used to detect the concentration of the prepared AuNPs. The agar gel diffusion method was used to test the antifungal
activity of the prepared AuNPs in vitro. Antifungal efficacy of the AuNPs in vivo was tested by the induction of cutaneous candidiasis in mice.This research was
conducted on four groups of mice. Groups 1 and 2 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the AuNPs suspension and Nystatin ointment in the treatment of clinical infection,
respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were the infected and the non-infected control groups, respectively. Results: Based on the findings, the AuNP synthesis using olive leaves was a suitable and secure method. Moreover, it was found that the AuNPs concentration of
40.77 ng\ml represented the minimum inhibitory concentration for the inhibition of the Candida albicans. The prepared AuNPs were more effective than Nystatin in
the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. Conclusion: Preparation of AuNPs via green chemistry using olive leaves as a reducing agent is a safe and easy procedure that can be performed to produce AuNPs.
In this study, the AuNPs displayed antifungal activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ayad Kareem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Hayder Mahmood Samaka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq
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Nano-vehicles give new lease of life to existing antimicrobials. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 4:555-566. [PMID: 33258900 PMCID: PMC7752037 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the greatest challenges for modern medicine, and new approaches for the treatment of bacterial infections are urgently needed to avoid widespread vulnerability again to infections that have so far been easily treatable with existing drugs. Among the many approaches investigated to overcome this challenge is the use of engineered nanostructures for the precise and targeted delivery of existing antimicrobial agents in a fashion that will potentiate their effect. This idea leans on lessons learned from pioneering research in cancer, where the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs to mammalian cells has been a topic for some time. In particular, new research has demonstrated that nanomaterials can be functionalised with active antimicrobials and, in some cases, with targeting molecules that potentiate the efficiency of the antimicrobials. In this mini-review, we summarise results that demonstrate the potential for nanoparticles, dendrimers and DNA nanostructures for use in antimicrobial delivery. We consider material aspects of the delivery vehicles and ways in which they can be functionalised with antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, and we review evidence for their efficacy to kill bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of these materials and highlight the benefits of DNA nanostructures specifically for their versatile potential in the present context.
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de Lima TM, Arias LS, Afanaci LF, Ferraresse RF, de S Neto FN, de Lima BH, Straioto FG, de Camargo ER, Pessan JP, Monteiro DR. Assembly and antifungal effect of a new fluconazole-carrier nanosystem. Future Microbiol 2021; 15:273-285. [PMID: 32271112 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assemble, characterize and assess the antifungal effects of a new fluconazole (FLZ)-carrier nanosystem. Materials & methods: The nanosystem was prepared by loading FLZ on chitosan (CS)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Antifungal effects were evaluated on planktonic cells (by minimum inhibitory concentration determination) and on biofilms (by quantification of cultivable cells, total biomass, metabolism and extracellular matrix) of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Results: Characterization results ratified the formation of a nanosystem (<320 nm) with FLZ successfully embedded. IONPs-CS-FLZ nanosystem reduced minimum inhibitory concentration values and, in general, showed similar antibiofilm effects compared with FLZ alone. Conclusion: IONPs-CS-FLZ nanosystem was more effective than FLZ mainly in inhibiting Candida planktonic cells. This nanocarrier has potential to fight fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynara Mt de Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE),19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís S Arias
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Afanaci
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fb Ferraresse
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco N de S Neto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hr de Lima
- Chemi Engenharia de Materiais, 13560-460 São Carlos/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana G Straioto
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE),19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson R de Camargo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano P Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas R Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE),19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
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Gupta P, Gupta H, Poluri KM. Geraniol eradicates Candida glabrata biofilm by targeting multiple cellular pathways. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5589-5605. [PMID: 34196746 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Global burden of fungal infections and associated health risk has accelerated at an incredible pace and needs to be attended at the earliest with an unbeatable therapeutic intervention. Candida glabrata is clinically the most relevant and least drug susceptible Candida species. In the pursuit of mining alternative novel drug candidates, the antifungal activity of a monoterpene phytoactive molecule geraniol (GR) against C. glabrata biofilm was evaluated. Biofilm inhibitory and eradication ability of GR evaluated against C. glabrata along with its clinical isolates. Impact of GR on various cellular pathways was evaluated to delineate its antifungal mode of action. GR has inhibited both planktonic and sessile growth of all the studied C. glabrata strains and eradicated the mature biofilm. GR reduced the carbohydrate and eDNA content, as well as hydrolytic enzyme activity in extracellular matrix of C. glabrata. The chemical profiling, microscopic, and spectroscopic studies revealed that GR targets chitin and β-glucan in cell wall. Further, results highlighted the reduction of cell membrane ergosterol content, and blocking of ABC drug efflux pump by GR which was also confirmed by RT-PCR where expression of CDR1 and ERG4 was downregulated in GR exposed C. glabrata cells. The fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry results emphasized the alteration in mitochondrial activity, increased Ca+2 uptake, thus changing the membrane permeability ensuing increased cytochrome C release from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Indeed, GR also has arrested cell cycle in G1/S phase and interfered with DNA replication. These observations suggest GR targets multiple cellular pathways and mediated killing of C. glabrata cells via apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study strengthens the candidacy of GR as novel antifungal therapeutic. Key points • GR inhibits growth and eradicates biofilm of C. glabrata and its clinical isolates. • GR inactivates the hydrolytic enzymes in extracellular matrix. • GR mediates C. glabrata apoptosis by interfering with multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Hrishikesh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India. .,Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-Roorkee), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Lim HK, Tan SJ, Wu Z, Ong BC, Tan KW, Dong Z, Tay CY. Diatom-inspired 2D nitric oxide releasing anti-infective porous nanofrustules. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7229-7237. [PMID: 34031686 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (NM) have emerged as promising platforms for antibacterial applications. However, the inherent "flatness" of 2D NM often limits the loading of antimicrobial components needed for synergistic bactericidal actions. Here, inspired by the highly ornamented siliceous frustules of diatoms, we prepared 2D ultrathin (<20 nm) and rigid "nanofrustule" plates via the out-of-plane growth of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) directed silica mesostructures on the surfaces of 2D graphene oxide nanosheets. The nanofrustules were characterized by the presence of mesoporous channels with a pore size of 3 nm and a high specific surface area of 674 m2 g-1. S-nitrosothiol-modification on the silica surfaces enables the development of a novel anti-infective nitric oxide (NO) releasing NO-nanofrustule system. The cage-like mesoporous silica architecture enabled a controlled and sustainable release of NO from the NO-nanofrustules under physiological conditions. The NO-nanofrustules displayed broad antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 μg ml-1. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antibacterial property of NO-nanofrustules was attained via a unique "capture-and-release" mode-of-action. The first step entailed the capture of the bacteria by the NO-nanofrustules to form micro-aggregates. This was followed by the release of high levels of NO to the captured bacteria to elicit a potent anti-infective effect. In combination with the lack of cytotoxicity in human dermal cells, the 2D hybrid NO-nanofrustules may be utilized to combat wound infections in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kit Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Shao Jie Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zhuoran Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Boon Chong Ong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Kwan Wee Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zhili Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. and School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore and Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles Based Phytolectin Scaffolds Inhibit Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Causing Candida albicans. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Anwar M, Muhammad F, Akhtar B, Anwar MI, Raza A, Aleem A. Outer Membrane Protein-Coated Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Vaccine Candidates. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:1689-1697. [PMID: 33846682 PMCID: PMC8027978 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoformulations are novel therapeutic strategies as compared to traditional treatments. The development of biomimetic nanoparticles by combining the natural cellular material with synthetic nanoparticles has inspired innovative vaccine strategies for modifying the antibacterial immunity. A lot of work has been done in which synthetic nanoparticles are coated with biomimetic cellular membranes for enhancement of biological functions and treatments. Outer membrane protein of bacteria not only act as adjuvant but also contain a large number of immunogenic antigens that play an important role in motivating the native immunity and stimulating the immune responses of the body. Outer membrane protein coating onto the surfaces of synthetic nanoparticles has synergistic effects to produce antibacterial responses. This article reviews the recent improvements related to the bacterial membrane-coated nanoparticles for antibacterial immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Anwar
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aleem
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Galdiero E, Salvatore MM, Maione A, Carraturo F, Galdiero S, Falanga A, Andolfi A, Salvatore F, Guida M. Impact of the Peptide WMR-K on Dual-Species Biofilm Candida albicans/Klebsiella pneumoniae and on the Untargeted Metabolomic Profile. Pathogens 2021; 10:214. [PMID: 33669279 PMCID: PMC7920046 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific community has focused on the development of new antibiotics to address the difficulties linked to biofilm-forming microorganisms and drug-resistant infections. In this respect, synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are particularly regarded for their therapeutic potential against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In this work, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the peptide WMR-K towards single and dual species cultures of Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated. We found minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for WMR-K of 10 µM for K. pneumoniae and of 200 µM for C. albicans. Furthermore, sub-MIC concentrations of peptide showed an in vitro inhibition of biofilm formation of mono and polymicrobial systems and also a good biofilm eradication even if higher concentrations of it are needed. In order to provide additional evidence for the effect of the examined peptide, a study of changes in extracellular metabolites excreted and/or uptaken from the culture medium (metabolomic footprinting) in the poly-microbial association of C. albicans and K. pneumoniae in presence and absence of WMR-K was performed. Comparing to the untreated dual species biofilm culture, the metabolomic profile of the WMR-K treated culture appears significantly altered. The differentially expressed compounds are mainly related to the primary metabolic pathways, including amino acids, trehalose, pyruvic acid, glycerol and vitamin B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (F.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Michela Salvatore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (F.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (F.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via dell’ Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Andolfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.S.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.); (F.C.); (M.G.)
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Weldrick PJ, Hardman MJ, Paunov VN. Superenhanced Removal of Fungal Biofilms by Protease‐Functionalized Amphotericin B Nanocarriers. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Weldrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Matthew J. Hardman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Vesselin N. Paunov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK
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Mohid SA, Bhunia A. Combining Antimicrobial Peptides with Nanotechnology: An Emerging Field in Theranostics. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:413-428. [PMID: 31889488 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191231111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and their rapid adaptation against new antibiotics is a major challenge for scientists and medical professionals. Different approaches have been taken to combat this problem, which includes rationally designed potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and several nanoparticles and quantum dots. AMPs are considered as a new generation of super antibiotics that hold enormous potential to fight against bacterial resistance by the rapidly killing planktonic as well as their biofilm form while keeping low toxicity profile against eukaryotic cells. Various nanoparticles and quantum dots have proved their effectiveness against a vast array of infections and diseases. Conjugation and functionalization of nanoparticles with potentially active antimicrobial peptides have added advantages that widen their applications in the field of drug discovery as well as delivery system including imaging and diagnostics. This article reviews the current progress and implementation of different nanoparticles and quantum dots conjugated antimicrobial peptides in terms of bio-stability, drug delivery, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Abdul Mohid
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700054, India
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Kumar R, Ali SA, Singh SK, Bhushan V, Mathur M, Jamwal S, Mohanty AK, Kaushik JK, Kumar S. Antimicrobial Peptides in Farm Animals: An Updated Review on Its Diversity, Function, Modes of Action and Therapeutic Prospects. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040206. [PMID: 33352919 PMCID: PMC7766339 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the arsenals of the innate host defense system, exhibiting evolutionarily conserved characteristics that are present in practically all forms of life. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compounded with a slow discovery rate for new antibiotics that have necessitated scientific efforts to search for alternatives to antibiotics. Research on the identification of AMPs has generated very encouraging evidence that they curb infectious pathologies and are also useful as novel biologics to function as immunotherapeutic agents. Being innate, they exhibit the least cytotoxicity to the host and exerts a wide spectrum of biological activity including low resistance among microbes and increased wound healing actions. Notably, in veterinary science, the constant practice of massive doses of antibiotics with inappropriate withdrawal programs led to a high risk of livestock-associated antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the world faces tremendous pressure for designing and devising strategies to mitigate the use of antibiotics in animals and keep it safe for posterity. In this review, we illustrate the diversity of farm animal-specific AMPs, and their biochemical foundations, mode of action, and prospective application in clinics. Subsequently, we present the data for their systematic classification under the major and minor groups, antipathogenic action, and allied bioactivities in the host. Finally, we address the limitations of their clinical implementation and envision areas for further advancement.
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Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Approaches for Preventing and Treating Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections pose a huge burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with recurrent lung infections occurring due to the persistence of biofilm bacteria populations. In cystic fibrosis (CF), thick viscous mucus acts not only as a physical barrier, but also serves as a nidus for infection. Increased antibiotic resistance in the recent years indicates that current therapeutic strategies aimed at biofilm-associated infections are “failing”, emphasizing the need to develop new and improved drug delivery systems with higher efficacy and efficiency. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique and favourable properties encompassing biocompatibility, biodegradability, magnetic and heat-mediated characteristics, making them suitable drug carriers. Additionally, an external magnetic force can be applied to enhance drug delivery to target sites, acting as “nano-knives”, cutting through the bacterial biofilm layer and characteristically thick mucus in CF. In this review, we explore the multidisciplinary approach of using current and novel MNPs as vehicles of drug delivery. Although many of these offer exciting prospects for future biofilm therapeutics, there are also major challenges of this emerging field that need to be addressed.
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Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Mirhadi E, Tajani AS, Khameneh B. The role of nanotechnology in combating biofilm-based antibiotic resistance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Antimicrobial peptides - Advances in development of therapeutic applications. Life Sci 2020; 260:118407. [PMID: 32931796 PMCID: PMC7486823 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The severe infection is becoming a significant health problem which threaten the lives of patients and the safety and economy of society. In the way of finding new strategy, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) - an important part of host defense family, emerged with tremendous potential. Up to date, huge numbers of AMPs has been investigated from both natural and synthetic sources showing not only the ability to kill microbial pathogens but also propose other benefits such as wound healing, anti-tumor, immune modulation. In this review, we describe the involvements of AMPs in biological systems and discuss the opportunity in developing AMPs for clinical applications. In the detail, their properties in antibacterial activity is followed by their application in some infection diseases and cancer. The key discussions are the approaches to improve biological activities of AMPs either by modifying chemical structure or incorporating into delivery systems. The new applications and perspectives for the future of AMPs would open the new era of their development.
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Piktel E, Suprewicz Ł, Depciuch J, Cieśluk M, Chmielewska S, Durnaś B, Król G, Wollny T, Deptuła P, Kochanowicz J, Kułakowska A, Fiedoruk K, Maximenko A, Parlińska-Wojtan M, Bucki R. Rod-shaped gold nanoparticles exert potent candidacidal activity and decrease the adhesion of fungal cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2733-2752. [PMID: 33090058 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the fungicidal activity of rod-shaped gold nanoparticles (AuR NPs) against Candida strains isolated from hematooncological patients and representative strains of filamentous fungi. Methods: Colony-counting assays, colorimetric and fluorometric methods and atomic force microscopy were employed. Results: AuR NPs were characterized by their potent fungicidal activity against all tested isolates, regardless of the species or drug susceptibility, at concentrations that are nontoxic to the host cells. The membrane-permeabilizing properties of AuR NPs and induction of reactive oxygen species were recognized as crucial for fungicidal activity. Conclusions: The results provide a rationale for the development of nonspherical Au NPs as effective antifungals or drug-delivery carriers to improve therapy for fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cieśluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Chmielewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, PL-25317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Król
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, PL-25317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Cancer Center in Kielce, PL-25734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Alina Kułakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Alexey Maximenko
- SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, PL-30392 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
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Araujo HC, Arias LS, Caldeirão ACM, Assumpção LCDF, Morceli MG, de Souza Neto FN, de Camargo ER, Oliveira SHP, Pessan JP, Monteiro DR. Novel Colloidal Nanocarrier of Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Antifungal Activities on Candida Species and Cytotoxic Potential on Murine Fibroblasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040218. [PMID: 33053629 PMCID: PMC7712500 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been used as alternative tools to overcome the resistance of Candida species to conventional treatments. This study prepared a nanocarrier of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated with chitosan (CS), and assessed its antifungal and cytotoxic effects. CPC was immobilized on CS-coated IONPs, and the nanocarrier was physico-chemically characterized. Antifungal effects were determined on planktonic cells of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata (by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays) and on single- and dual-species biofilms of these strains (by quantification of cultivable cells, total biomass and metabolic activity). Murine fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of the nanocarrier, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT reduction assay. Characterization methods confirmed the presence of a nanocarrier smaller than 313 nm. IONPs-CS-CPC and free CPC showed the same MIC values (0.78 µg mL−1). CPC-containing nanocarrier at 78 µg mL−1 significantly reduced the number of cultivable cells for all biofilms, surpassing the effect promoted by free CPC. For total biomass, metabolic activity, and cytotoxic effects, the nanocarrier and free CPC produced statistically similar outcomes. In conclusion, the IONPs-CS-CPC nanocarrier was more effective than CPC in reducing the cultivable cells of Candida biofilms without increasing the cytotoxic effects of CPC, and may be a useful tool for the treatment of oral fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Ceolin Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master’s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil;
| | - Lanay Caroline de Freitas Assumpção
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Marcela Grigoletto Morceli
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | | | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil;
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master’s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil;
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-18-3229-1000
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Vera-González N, Shukla A. Advances in Biomaterials for the Prevention and Disruption of Candida Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:538602. [PMID: 33042051 PMCID: PMC7527432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species can readily colonize a multitude of indwelling devices, leading to biofilm formation. These three-dimensional, surface-associated Candida communities employ a multitude of sophisticated mechanisms to evade treatment, leading to persistent and recurrent infections with high mortality rates. Further complicating matters, the current arsenal of antifungal therapeutics that are effective against biofilms is extremely limited. Antifungal biomaterials are gaining interest as an effective strategy for combating Candida biofilm infections. In this review, we explore biomaterials developed to prevent Candida biofilm formation and those that treat existing biofilms. Surface functionalization of devices employing clinically utilized antifungals, other antifungal molecules, and antifungal polymers has been extremely effective at preventing fungi attachment, which is the first step of biofilm formation. Several mechanisms can lead to this attachment inhibition, including contact killing and release-based killing of surrounding planktonic cells. Eliminating mature biofilms is arguably much more difficult than prevention. Nanoparticles have shown the most promise in disrupting existing biofilms, with the potential to penetrate the dense fungal biofilm matrix and locally target fungal cells. We will describe recent advances in both surface functionalization and nanoparticle therapeutics for the treatment of Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Vera-González
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anita Shukla
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Patrulea V, Borchard G, Jordan O. An Update on Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and Their Delivery Strategies for Wound Infections. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E840. [PMID: 32887353 PMCID: PMC7560145 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections occur when wound healing fails to reach the final stage of healing, which is usually hindered by the presence of different pathogens. Different topical antimicrobial agents are used to inhibit bacterial growth due to antibiotic failure in reaching the infected site, which is accompanied very often by increased drug resistance and other side effects. In this review, we focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially those with a high potential of efficacy against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria and fungi present in wound infections. Currently, different AMPs undergo preclinical and clinical phase to combat infection-related diseases. AMP dendrimers (AMPDs) have been mentioned as potent microbial agents. Various AMP delivery strategies that are used to combat infection and modulate the healing rate-such as polymers, scaffolds, films and wound dressings, and organic and inorganic nanoparticles-have been discussed as well. New technologies such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) are taken into consideration as potential future tools for AMP delivery in skin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Patrulea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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45
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Rocca DM, Silvero C MJ, Aiassa V, Cecilia Becerra M. Rapid and effective photodynamic treatment of biofilm infections using low doses of amoxicillin-coated gold nanoparticles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101811. [PMID: 32439578 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm are complex microbial communities covered by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, which develops when a community of microorganisms irreversibly adheres to a living or inert surface. This structure is considered an important virulence factor because it is difficult to eradicate and often responsible for treatment failures. This adherent community represents one of the greatest problems in public health due to the continued emergence of conventional antibiotic-therapy resistance. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (PACT) is a therapeutic alternative and promises to be an effective treatment against multiresistant bacteria biofilm, demonstrating a broad spectrum of action. This work demonstrates the reduction in biofilms of relevant clinical isolates (as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) treated with PACT using low concentrations of amoxicillin-coated gold nanoparticles (amoxi@AuNP) as a photosensitizer. Moreover, the viability reduction of 60% in S. aureus biofilms and 70% in P. aeruginosa biofilms were obtained after three hours of irradiation with white light and amoxi@AuNP. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that amoxi@AuNP could penetrate and cause damage to the biofilm matrix, and interact with bacteria cells. A strong biofilm production in P. aeruginosa was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy using acridine orange as a probe, and a markedly decrease in live bacteria was appreciated when PACT was applied. The use of amoxi@AuNP for PACT allows the viability reduction of clinical Gram positive and Gram negative biofilms. This novel strategy needs shorter irradiation times and lower concentrations of nanoparticles than other reports described. This could be attributed to two major innovations: the selectivity for the bacterial wall given by the amoxicillin and the polydispersity of size and shapes with seems to contribute to the photo-antibacterial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamela M Rocca
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000. Argentina
| | - M Jazmin Silvero C
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000. Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, IMBIV, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Virginia Aiassa
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000. Argentina; Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica, UNITEFA, CONICET, Argentina.
| | - M Cecilia Becerra
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000. Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, IMBIV, CONICET, Argentina.
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46
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Smerkova K, Dolezelikova K, Bozdechova L, Heger Z, Zurek L, Adam V. Nanomaterials with active targeting as advanced antimicrobials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1636. [PMID: 32363802 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With a growing health threat of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the nanomaterials have been extensively studied as an alternative. It is assumed that antimicrobial nanomaterials can affect bacteria by several mechanisms simultaneously and thereby overcome antibiotic resistance. Another promising potential use is employing nanomaterials as nanocarriers for antibiotics in order to overcome bacterial defense mechanisms. The passive targeting of nanomaterials is the often used strategy for bacterial treatment, including intracellular infections of macrophages. Furthermore, the specific targeting enhances the efficacy of antimicrobials and reduces side effects. This review aims to discuss advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of nanomaterials in the context of the targeting strategies for antimicrobials as advanced tools for treatments of bacterial infections. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Smerkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Dolezelikova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bozdechova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Zurek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Center for Zoonoses, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Dananjaya S, Thu Thao N, Wijerathna H, Lee J, Edussuriya M, Choi D, Saravana Kumar R. In vitro and in vivo anticandidal efficacy of green synthesized gold nanoparticles using Spirulina maxima polysaccharide. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Active delivery of antimicrobial nanoparticles into microbial cells through surface functionalization strategies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Galdiero E, de Alteriis E, De Natale A, D'Alterio A, Siciliano A, Guida M, Lombardi L, Falanga A, Galdiero S. Eradication of Candida albicans persister cell biofilm by the membranotropic peptide gH625. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5780. [PMID: 32238858 PMCID: PMC7113253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation poses an important clinical trouble due to resistance to antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is an urgent demand for new antibiofilm strategies that focus on the use of alternative compounds also in combination with conventional drugs. Drug-tolerant persisters are present in Candida albicans biofilms and are detected following treatment with high doses of amphotericin B. In this study, persisters were found in biofilms treated with amphotericin B of two clinical isolate strains, and were capable to form a new biofilm in situ. We investigated the possibility of eradicating persister-derived biofilms from these two Candida albicans strains, using the peptide gH625 analogue (gH625-M). Confocal microscopy studies allowed us to characterize the persister-derived biofilm and understand the mechanism of interaction of gH625-M with the biofilm. These findings confirm that persisters may be responsible for Candida biofilm survival, and prove that gH625-M was very effective in eradicating persister-derived biofilms both alone and in combination with conventional antifungals, mainly strengthening the antibiofilm activity of fluconazole and 5-flucytosine. Our strategy advances our insights into the development of effective antibiofilm therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta de Alteriis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino De Natale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela D'Alterio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
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Nikapitiya C, Dananjaya S, Chandrarathna H, De Zoysa M, Whang I. Octominin: A Novel Synthetic Anticandidal Peptide Derived from Defense Protein of Octopus minor. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010056. [PMID: 31952292 PMCID: PMC7024321 DOI: 10.3390/md18010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens makes an urgent need for discovering novel antimicrobial agents as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Towards this end, we designed and synthesized a synthetic peptide of 23 amino acids (AAs) (1GWLIRGAIHAGKAIHGLIHRRRH23) from a defense protein 3 cDNA sequence of Octopus minor. The sequence of the peptide, which was named Octominin, had characteristic features of known antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as a positive charge (+5), high hydrophobic residue ratio (43%), and 1.86 kcal/mol of Boman index. Octominin was predicted to have an alpha-helix secondary structure. The synthesized Octominin was 2625.2 Da with 92.5% purity. The peptide showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 50 and 200 μg/mL, respectively, against Candida albicans. Field emission scanning electron microscopy observation confirmed that Octominin caused ultrastructural cell wall deformities in C. albicans. In addition, propidium iodide penetrated the Octominin-treated C. albicans cells, further demonstrating loss of cell membrane integrity that caused cell death at both MIC and MFC. Octominin treatment increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. Cytotoxicity assays revealed no significant influence of Octominin on the viability of human embryonic kidney 293T cell line, with over 95% live cells in the Octominin-treated group observed up to 100 µg/mL. Moreover, we confirmed the antifungal action of Octominin in vivo using a zebrafish experimental infection model. Overall, our results demonstrate the Octominin is a lead compound for further studies, which exerts its effects by inducing cell wall damage, causing loss of cell membrane integrity, and elevating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (C.N.)
| | - S.H.S. Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (C.N.)
| | - H.P.S.U. Chandrarathna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (C.N.)
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.Z.); (I.W.)
| | - Ilson Whang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), 75, Jangsan-ro 101beon-gil, Janghang-eup, Seochun-gun, Chungchungnam-do 33662, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.D.Z.); (I.W.)
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