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Maione A, Norcia M, Sinoca M, Galdiero M, Maselli V, Feola A, Carotenuto R, Cuomo P, Capparelli R, Guida M, Galdiero E. Polystyrene Microplastics Exacerbate Candida albicans Infection Ability In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:12. [PMID: 38203182 PMCID: PMC10778850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an important environmental problem, and microplastics have been shown to have harmful effects on human and animal health, affecting immune and metabolic physiological functions. Further, microplastics can interfere with commensal microorganisms and exert deleterious effects on exposure to pathogens. Here, we compared the effects of 1 µm diameter polystyrene microplastic (PSMPs) on Candida albicans infection in both in vitro and in vivo models by using HT29 cells and Galleria mellonella larvae, respectively. The results demonstrated that PSMPs could promote Candida infection in HT29 cells and larvae of G. mellonella, which show immune responses similar to vertebrates. In this study, we provide new experimental evidence for the risk to human health posed by PSMPs in conjunction with Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Mariangela Norcia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Marica Sinoca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Valeria Maselli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosa Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Paola Cuomo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosanna Capparelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
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Kent-Dennis C, Klotz JL. Immunomodulation by cannabidiol in bovine primary ruminal epithelial cells. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:208. [PMID: 37845710 PMCID: PMC10577946 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminant livestock experience a number of challenges, including high concentrate diets, weaning and transport, which can increase their risk of disorders such as ruminal acidosis, and the associated inflammation of the ruminal epithelium. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytochemical from hemp (Cannabis sativa), is a promising target as a therapy for gastrointestinal inflammation, and may be extremely valuable as either a treatment or prophylactic. However, the effects of CBD in the the ruminant gastrointestinal tract have not been explored, in part due to the restrictions on feeding hemp to livestock. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of CBD using a model of inflammation in primary ruminal epithelial cells (REC). In addition, CBD dose was evaluated for possible cytotoxic effects. RESULTS Negative effects on cell viability were not observed when REC were exposed to 10 μM CBD. However, when the dose was increased to 50 μM for 24 h, there was a significant cytotoxic effect. When 10 μM CBD was added to culture media as treatment for inflammation induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), expression of genes encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1B was less compared to LPS exposure alone, and CBD resulted in a down-regulation of IL6. As a pre-treatment, prior to LPS exposure, REC had decreased expression of IL6 and CXCL10 while CBD was present in the media, but not when it was removed prior to addition of LPS. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that CBD may reduce cytokine transcription both during LPS-induced inflammation and when used preventatively, although these effects were dependent on its continued presence in the culture media. Overall, these experiments provide evidence of an immunomodulatory effect by CBD during a pro-inflammatory response in primary REC in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- USDA-ARS Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, University of Kentucky Campus, 1100 S. Limestone Rd. N222J Ag. Science North, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - James L Klotz
- USDA-ARS Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, University of Kentucky Campus, 1100 S. Limestone Rd. N222J Ag. Science North, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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Pöschl F, Höher T, Pirklbauer S, Wolinski H, Lienhart L, Ressler M, Riederer M. Dose and route dependent effects of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in a 3D gut-on-a-chip model with flow. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105563. [PMID: 36709839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent mycotoxin in human food and is ubiquitously detected in human bodyfluids. DON leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction, as observed from animal- and cell culture models with the known disadvantages. Here we present the effects of DON in a gut-on-a-chip model, as the first study incorporating the effects of intestinal flow. Using the OrganoPlate 3-lane, Caco-2 cells were seeded against an extracellular matrix (ECM) and formed leak tight tubules. DON was then applied in different concentrations (3 μM to 300 μM) via the apical or the basolateral channel. Permeability was assessed using continuous TEER and barrier integrity assays (BIA). Zonulin-1, toxicity (LDH) and proinflammatory status (IL-8) was analyzed. DON exposure led to a dose dependent decrease in para-and transcellular barrier integrity, which was more sensitive to basal than apical application (route). Timelaps/Continuous TEER measurements however revealed bidirectional effects, with even TEER-inducing effects of lower concentrations (until 10 μM). IL-8 secretion into luminal supernatants was only induced by apical DON. Attributed to the flow, the barrier-disintegrating effects of DON start at higher concentrations than in other culture models. The barrier was more sensitive to basolateral DON, even though DON had to pass the ECM; and IL-8 secretion was independent of TEER-alterations. Thus, the gut-on-a chip model might be a good alternative to further characterize the bidirectional effects of DON with reasonable throughput incorporating flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Pöschl
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Theresa Höher
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sarah Pirklbauer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lisa Lienhart
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Miriam Ressler
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
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Liu F, Liang Y, Sun R, Yang W, Liang Z, Gu J, Zhao F, Tang D. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Curcuma aromatica Salisb. inhibits liver metastasis of colon cancer by regulating EMT via the CXCL8/CXCR2 axis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Chin Med 2022; 17:91. [PMID: 35922850 PMCID: PMC9351103 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most challenging aspects of colon cancer (CC) prognosis and treatment is liver-tropic metastasis. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge-Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (AC) is a typical medication combination for the therapy of many malignancies. Our previous studies found that AC intervention inhibits liver metastasis of colon cancer (LMCC). Nevertheless, the comprehensive anti-metastasis mechanisms of AC have not been uncovered. METHODS In bioinformatics analysis, RNA-seq data of CC and LMCC patients were collected from TCGA and GEO databases, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The biological processes and signaling pathways involved in DEGs were enriched by GO and KEGG. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was established and visualized using the Cytocape software, followed by screening Hub genes in the PPI network using Degree value as the criterion. Subsequently, the expression and survival relevance of Hub gene in COAD patients were verified. In the experimental study, the effects of AC on the inhibition of colon cancer growth and liver metastasis were comprehensively evaluated by cellular and animal models. Finally, based on the results of bioinformatics analysis, the possible mechanisms of AC inhibition of colon cancer EMT and liver metastasis were explored by in vivo and in vitro pharmacological experiments. RESULTS In this study, we obtained 2386 DEGs relevant to LMCC from the COAD (colon adenocarcinoma) and GSE38174 datasets. Results of GO gene function and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis suggested that cellular EMT (Epithelial-mesenchymal transition) biological processes, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways might be closely related to LMCC mechanism. We then screened for CXCL8, the core hub gene with the highest centrality within the PPI network of DEGs, and discovered that CXCL8 expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of COAD patients. In vitro and in vivo experimental evidence presented that AC significantly inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability, and suppressed tumor growth and liver metastasis in colon cancer orthotopic transplantation mice models. Concomitantly, AC significantly reduced CXCL8 expression levels in cell supernatants and serum. Moreover, AC reduced the expression and transcription of genes related to the PI3K/AKT pathway while suppressing the EMT process in colon cancer cells and model mice. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our research predicted the potential targets and pathways of LMCC, and experimentally demonstrated that AC might inhibit the growth and liver metastasis in colon cancer by regulating EMT via the CXCL8/CXCR2 axis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which may facilitate the discovery of mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies for LMCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruolan Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weicheng Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqing Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Decai Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Aghamohamadi E, Asri N, Odak A, Rostami-Nejad M, Chaleshi V, Hajinabi Y, Eslami M, Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh S, Gholam-Mostafaei FS, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Masotti A, Zali MR. Gene expression analysis of intestinal IL-8, IL-17 A and IL-10 in patients with celiac and inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6085-6091. [PMID: 35526253 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are accompanied by impaired immune responses. To study the immune regulation of these diseases, we evaluated the expression levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-8 and IL-17 A) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in intestinal biopsy specimens of CeD and IBD patients in comparison to healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Intestinal biopsies were collected from 33 patients with IBD, 47 patients with CeD, and 20 healthy individuals. Total RNA was extracted and mRNA expression levels of IL-8, IL-17 A and IL-10 were assessed by qPCR. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The expression levels of IL-8 and IL-17 A were higher in biopsies of IBD (UC and CD) and CeD patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05). IBD patients (UC and CD) had higher IL-8 intestinal level than CeD patients (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0007, respectively). The expression of IL-10 was significantly down-regulated in intestinal biopsies of CeD and IBD patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression level of this cytokine was significantly lower in IBD patients (P < 0.001 for UC patients and P < 0.0001 for CD patients) than CeD group. CONCLUSIONS The three selected pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed a similar expression pattern in both IBD and CeD patients. As IBD and CeD are immune-mediated disorders and are accompanied by inflammatory events, the understanding of the similarities and differences among them can help researchers to find out useful candidate therapeutic protocols. We suggest that larger cohort studies be organized to achieve more insights into this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Aghamohamadi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aylin Odak
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Hajinabi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eslami
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1949635881, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1949635881, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Sadat Gholam-Mostafaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aljabban J, Rohr M, Borkowski VJ, Nemer M, Cohen E, Hashi N, Aljabban H, Boateng E, Syed S, Mohammed M, Mukhtar A, Hadley D, Panahiazar M. Probing predilection to Crohn's disease and Crohn's disease flares: A crowd-sourced bioinformatics approach. J Pathol Inform 2022; 13:100094. [PMID: 36268056 PMCID: PMC9576970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn's Disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that affects millions of patients. While great strides have been made in treatment, namely in biologic therapy such as anti-TNF drugs, CD remains a significant health burden. Method We conducted two meta-analyses using our STARGEO platform to tag samples from Gene Expression Omnibus. One analysis compares inactive colonic biopsies from CD patients to colonic biopsies from healthy patients as a control and the other compares colonic biopsies from active CD lesions to inactive lesions. Separate tags were created to tag colonic samples from inflamed biopsies (total of 65 samples) and quiescent tissue in CD patients (total of 39 samples), and healthy tissue from non-CD patients (total of 30 samples). Results from the two meta-analyses were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results For the inactive CD vs healthy tissue analysis, we noted FXR/RXR and LXR/RXR activation, superpathway of citrulline metabolism, and atherosclerosis signaling as top canonical pathways. The top upstream regulators include genes implicated in innate immunity, such as TLR3 and HNRNPA2B1, and sterol regulation through SREBF2. In addition, the sterol regulator SREBF2, lipid metabolism was the top disease network identified in IPA (Fig. 1). Top upregulated genes hold implications in innate immunity (DUOX2, REG1A/1B/3A) and cellular transport and absorption (ABCG5, NPC1L1, FOLH1, and SLC6A14). Top downregulated genes largely held roles in cell adhesion and integrity, including claudin 8, PAQR5, and PRKACB.For the active vs inactive CD analysis, we found immune cell adhesion and diapedesis, hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation, LPS/IL-1 inhibition of RXR function, and atherosclerosis as top canonical pathways. Top upstream regulators included inflammatory mediators LPS, TNF, IL1B, and TGFB1. Top upregulated genes function in the immune response such as IL6, CXCL1, CXCR2, MMP1/7/12, and PTGS2. Downregulated genes dealt with cellular metabolism and transport such as CPO, RBP2, G6PC, PCK1, GSTA1, and MEP1B. Conclusion Our results build off established and recently described research in the field of CD. We demonstrate the use of our user-friendly platform, STARGEO, in investigating disease and finding therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Aljabban
- University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI, United States,Corresponding author.
| | - Michael Rohr
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | | | - Mary Nemer
- University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eli Cohen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naima Hashi
- Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Emmanuel Boateng
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Saad Syed
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Ali Mukhtar
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dexter Hadley
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Panahiazar
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on Gut Barrier Function, Proinflammatory Response, ROS Production and Pathogen Inhibition Properties in IPEC-J2—Escherichia coli/Salmonella Typhimurium Co-Culture. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050936. [PMID: 35630380 PMCID: PMC9145911 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance raises serious concerns worldwide. Probiotics offer a promising alternative to enhance growth promotion in farm animals; however, their mode of action still needs to be elucidated. The IPEC-J2 cell line (porcine intestinal epithelial cells) is an appropriate tool to study the effect of probiotics on intestinal epithelial cells. In our experiments, IPEC-J2 cells were challenged by two gastrointestinal (GI) infection causing agents, Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). We focused on determining the effect of pre-, co-, and post-treatment with two probiotic candidates, Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus subtilis, on the barrier function, proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) response, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of IPEC-J2 cells, in addition to the adhesion inhibition effect. Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) proved to be anti-inflammatory and had an antioxidant effect under certain treatment combinations, and further effectively inhibited the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria. Interestingly, they had little effect on paracellular permeability. Based on our results, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis are both promising candidates to contribute to the beneficial effects of probiotic multispecies mixtures.
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Palkovicsné Pézsa N, Kovács D, Gálfi P, Rácz B, Farkas O. Effect of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on Gut Barrier Function, Internal Redox State, Proinflammatory Response and Pathogen Inhibition Properties in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071486. [PMID: 35406099 PMCID: PMC9002907 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In farm animals, intestinal diseases caused by Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli may lead to significant economic loss. In the past few decades, the swine industry has largely relied on the prophylactic use of antibiotics to control gastrointestinal diseases. The development of antibiotic resistance has become an important issue both in animal and human health. The use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes has been banned, moreover the new EU regulations further restrict the application of antibiotics in veterinary use. The swine industry seeks alternatives that are capable of maintaining the health of the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics offer a promising alternative; however, their mode of action is not fully understood. In our experiments, porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) were challenged by Salmonella Typhimurium or Escherichia coli and we aimed at determining the effect of pre-, co-, and post-treatment with Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on the internal redox state, paracellular permeability, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, the adhesion inhibition effect was also investigated. Enterococcus faecium was able to reduce oxidative stress and paracellular permeability of IPEC-J2 cells and could inhibit the adhesion of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Based on our results, Enterococcus faecium is a promising candidate to maintain the health of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Palkovicsné Pézsa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (P.G.); (O.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (P.G.); (O.F.)
| | - Péter Gálfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (P.G.); (O.F.)
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Orsolya Farkas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (P.G.); (O.F.)
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9
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Mecocci S, Ottaviani A, Razzuoli E, Fiorani P, Pietrucci D, De Ciucis CG, Dei Giudici S, Franzoni G, Chillemi G, Cappelli K. Cow Milk Extracellular Vesicle Effects on an In Vitro Model of Intestinal Inflammation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030570. [PMID: 35327370 PMCID: PMC8945533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer nano-dimensional spherical structures and act mainly as signaling mediators between cells, in particular modulating immunity and inflammation. Milk-derived EVs (mEVs) can have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and milk is one of the most promising food sources of EVs. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate bovine mEVs anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects on an in vitro co-culture (Caco-2 and THP-1) model of intestinal inflammation through gene expression evaluation with RT-qPCR and cytokine release through ELISA. After establishing a pro-inflammatory environment due to IFN-γ and LPS stimuli, CXCL8, IL1B, TNFA, IL12A, IL23A, TGFB1, NOS2, and MMP9 were significantly up-regulated in inflamed Caco-2 compared to the basal co-culture. Moreover, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α release was increased in supernatants of THP-1. The mEV administration partially restored initial conditions with an effective anti-inflammatory activity. Indeed, a decrease in gene expression and protein production of most of the tested cytokines was detected, together with a significant gene expression decrease in MMP9 and the up-regulation of MUC2 and TJP1. These results showed a fundamental capability of mEVs to modulate inflammation and their potential beneficial effect on the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Ottaviani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (G.C.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (E.R.); +39-0761-357429 (G.C.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
| | - Paola Fiorani
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, National Research Council, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Chiara Grazia De Ciucis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy;
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, National Research Council, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (G.C.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (E.R.); +39-0761-357429 (G.C.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
- Sports Horse Research Center (CRCS), University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (G.C.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (E.R.); +39-0761-357429 (G.C.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
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10
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Naler LB, Hsieh YP, Geng S, Zhou Z, Li L, Lu C. Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences between low-grade inflammation and severe exhaustion in LPS-challenged murine monocytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:102. [PMID: 35091696 PMCID: PMC8799722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies suggest that monocytes can be trained by bacterial endotoxin to adopt distinct memory states ranging from low-grade inflammation to immune exhaustion. While low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, exhausted monocytes with pathogenic and immune-suppressive characteristics may underlie the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis including COVID-19. However, detailed processes by which the dynamic adaption of monocytes occur remain poorly understood. Here we exposed murine bone-marrow derived monocytes to chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation at low-dose or high-dose, as well as a PBS control. The cells were profiled for genome-wide H3K27ac modification and gene expression. The gene expression of TRAM-deficient and IRAK-M-deficient monocytes with LPS exposure was also analyzed. We discover that low-grade inflammation preferentially utilizes the TRAM-dependent pathway of TLR4 signaling, and induces the expression of interferon response genes. In contrast, high dose LPS uniquely upregulates exhaustion signatures with metabolic and proliferative pathways. The extensive differences in the epigenomic landscape between low-dose and high-dose conditions suggest the importance of epigenetic regulations in driving differential responses. Our data provide potential targets for future mechanistic or therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette B Naler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yuan-Pang Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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11
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Coquant G, Aguanno D, Pham S, Grellier N, Thenet S, Carrière V, Grill JP, Seksik P. Gossip in the gut: Quorum sensing, a new player in the host-microbiota interactions. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7247-7270. [PMID: 34876787 PMCID: PMC8611211 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i42.7247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are known to communicate with each other and regulate their activities in social networks by secreting and sensing signaling molecules called autoinducers, a process known as quorum sensing (QS). This is a growing area of research in which we are expanding our understanding of how bacteria collectively modify their behavior but are also involved in the crosstalk between the host and gut microbiome. This is particularly relevant in the case of pathologies associated with dysbiosis or disorders of the intestinal ecosystem. This review will examine the different QS systems and the evidence for their presence in the intestinal ecosystem. We will also provide clues on the role of QS molecules that may exert, directly or indirectly through their bacterial gossip, an influence on intestinal epithelial barrier function, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal carcinogenesis. This review aims to provide evidence on the role of QS molecules in gut physiology and the potential shared by this new player. Better understanding the impact of intestinal bacterial social networks and ultimately developing new therapeutic strategies to control intestinal disorders remains a challenge that needs to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garance Coquant
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sandrine Pham
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Nathan Grellier
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Grill
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris 75012, France
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12
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Phytate and Butyrate Differently Influence the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Survival Pathways in Human Cancer and Healthy Colonocytes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061887. [PMID: 34072741 PMCID: PMC8230256 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonic epithelium is never exposed to a single factor, therefore studies on the effect of combinations of factors naturally and persistently present in the intestines are of special importance for understanding the phenomena occurring at this place. The aim of the study was to investigate the combined effect of 1 mM phytate and 1 mM butyrate (PA1B1) on cell lines derived from cancer (HCT116 and HT-29) and healthy (NCM460D) human colonic epithelium. Colorimetric and flow cytometry methods were used to determine the proliferation rate, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Selected markers of proliferation, inflammatory, and survival pathways were investigated at the mRNA and/or protein level. The combination of phytate and butyrate disturbed the cell cycle and triggered apoptosis and/or death in both studied cancer colonocytes to a higher extent compared to healthy colonocytes. Moreover, in healthy colonocytes, phytate activated the survival pathway without stimulation of inflammatory response. This may indicate that the response of healthy colonocytes to phytate protects colonic epithelium from the loss of integrity and tightness that would occur if inflammation developed. Based on the obtained results we postulate that studies on both cancer and/or healthy colonocytes should be carried out in the presence of butyrate as the permanent component of colonic contents. This should be of special importance when anti-proliferative/pro-apoptotic activity or inflammatory status of colonocytes is to be investigated.
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13
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IL-10-1082G>A polymorphism, use of opioids and age affect the course of acute pancreatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 32:178-185. [PMID: 32804849 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to determine the association of two of the most important functional polymorphisms of IL-8 and IL-10 with the clinical course and outcome of acute pancreatitis. METHOD Ninety-three patients with acute pancreatitis were genotyped for IL-8-251T>A and IL-10-1082G>A using PCR-RFLP. The severity of the disease was determined based on the Atlanta Classification system. RESULTS In patients treated with opioids, the odds for severe form of acute pancreatitis, its complications, and death were increased. Advanced age was associated with higher odds of organ/multiple organ failure and other systemic complications. Multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed the observed effect of age and use of opioids, and revealed higher odds for the development of severe form of acute pancreatitis [P = 0.017, odds ratio (OR): 4.324, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.305-14.323], its complications in general (P = 0.011, OR: 4.936, 95% CI: 1.442-16.897), pancreatic necrosis (P = 0.032, OR: 3.922, 95% CI: 1.122-13.707) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (P = 0.037, OR: 3.838, 95% CI: 1.085-13.583) in the absence of IL-10-1082G>A variant allele. The effect of IL-8 -251T>A on acute pancreatitis severity or mortality was not detected. CONCLUSION Our study suggests the IL-10 -1082A allele as a protective factor in acute pancreatitis. Opioid analgesics treatment in acute pancreatitis is associated with severity, complications and mortality, while advanced age increases the risk of systemic complications.
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14
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Bogucka K, Pompaiah M, Marini F, Binder H, Harms G, Kaulich M, Klein M, Michel C, Radsak MP, Rosigkeit S, Grimminger P, Schild H, Rajalingam K. ERK3/MAPK6 controls IL-8 production and chemotaxis. eLife 2020; 9:52511. [PMID: 32314963 PMCID: PMC7192585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK3 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the atypical mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the physiological significance of its short half-life remains unclear. By employing gastrointestinal 3D organoids, we detect that ERK3 protein levels steadily decrease during epithelial differentiation. ERK3 is not required for 3D growth of human gastric epithelium. However, ERK3 is stabilized and activated in tumorigenic cells, but deteriorates over time in primary cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ERK3 is necessary for production of several cellular factors including interleukin-8 (IL-8), in both, normal and tumorigenic cells. Particularly, ERK3 is critical for AP-1 signaling through its interaction and regulation of c-Jun protein. The secretome of ERK3-deficient cells is defective in chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Further, knockdown of ERK3 reduces metastatic potential of invasive breast cancer cells. We unveil an ERK3-mediated regulation of IL-8 and epithelial secretome for chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bogucka
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Malvika Pompaiah
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregory Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Departments of Biology and Physics, Wilkes University, Wilkes Barre, United States
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Gene Editing Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Michel
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, & Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Grimminger
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,University Cancer Center Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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