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Plys E, Ahmad N, Wei A, Thompson RA, Chang ES, Locke J, Bell JG, Vranceanu AM, Palan Lopez R. Psychosocial Distress Among Certified Nursing Assistants in Long-Term Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Ecological Model Informed Scoping Review. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38622883 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2337137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review maps the literature on psychosocial distress and coping among nursing assistants (CNAs) in long-term care facilities (LTC) during the COVID-19 pandemic onto the Social Ecological Model (SEM) of Occupational Stress. METHODS Searches yielded 862 unique studies. Inclusion criteria were sample CNAs or equivalent in LTC; includes psychosocial variable; and collect data from February 2020-. A multi-phasic, meta-synthesis was used to synthesize qualitative data. RESULTS We identified 20 studies (13 quantitative, 7 qualitative) conducted between March 2020 and December 2021 from 14 countries. Prevalence rates were reported for perceived stress (31-33%; n = 1 study), post-traumatic stress (42%; n = 1), anxiety (53%; n = 1), depression (15-59%; n = 2), suicidal thoughts (11-15%; n = 1), and everyday emotional burnout (28%; n = 1). Qualitative studies identified factors contributing to psychosocial distress and coping at each SEM level (i.e. individual, microsystem, organization, and peri-/extra-organizational). Quantitative studies primarily measured factors relating to psychosocial distress and coping at the individual and organizational levels. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This review identifies specific targets for intervention for psychosocial distress among CNAs in LTC at multiple levels, including job clarity; workload; facility culture; community relations; and policy. These intervention targets remain relevant to the LTC industry beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Plys
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina Ahmad
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Wei
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roy A Thompson
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri Sinclair School of Nursing, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - E-Shien Chang
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna Locke
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica G Bell
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, Bellack Library, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruth Palan Lopez
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Maffoni M, Sommovigo V, Giardini A, Velutti L, Setti I. Well-Being and Professional Efficacy Among Health Care Professionals: The Role of Resilience Through the Mediation of Ethical Vision of Patient Care and the Moderation of Managerial Support. Eval Health Prof 2022; 45:381-396. [PMID: 34530627 DOI: 10.1177/01632787211042660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on the Conservation of Resources theory, this study analyzes whether resilience could be related to healthcare providers' wellbeing and professional self-efficacy, both directly and indirectly, as mediated by ethical vision of patient care and moderated by managerial support in dealing with ethical issues. Overall, 315 Italian healthcare professionals employed in neuro-rehabilitation medicine or palliative care specialties participated in this multi-centered cross-sectional study. The following variables were investigated: resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), wellbeing (Maugeri Stress Index-Reduced), professional self-efficacy (Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey), ethical vision of patient care and managerial support in dealing with ethical issues (Italian version of the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey). Overall, resilience was positively associated with healthcare providers' wellbeing and professional self-efficacy, directly and indirectly, as mediated by ethical vision of patient care. Highly resilient healthcare professionals who perceived the presence of a positive ethical vision of patient care in their workplace were more likely to experience greater wellbeing when managerial support in dealing with ethical issues was high (vs. low). Thus, these findings provide suggestions for tailored interventions sustaining healthcare professionals along their daily activity characterized by high-demanding and challenging situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maffoni
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Psychology Unit of Montescano Institute (Pavia), Italy
| | - Valentina Sommovigo
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Applied Psychology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Giardini
- IT Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Velutti
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Setti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Applied Psychology, University of Pavia, Italy
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Fiabane E, Gabanelli P, La Rovere MT, Tremoli E, Pistarini C, Gorini A. Psychological and work-related factors associated with emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italian hospitals. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 23:670-675. [PMID: 34333814 PMCID: PMC8447372 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has induced considerable psychological distress in healthcare workers, increasing the risk of burnout. This research aimed to investigate sociodemographic, work‐related, COVID‐19‐related, and psychological factors associated with emotional exhaustion (the core component of burnout) among healthcare professionals during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess risk (e.g. perceived risk and fear of contagion, stress) and protective factors (e.g. job satisfaction, resilience) for emotional exhaustion among 616 hospital staff. Women, nurses, shift workers, those with a permanent contract, and frontline workers reported significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion compared to others. Significant risk factors predicting emotional exhaustion were prolonged use of personal protective equipment, increased work pressure, lack of support, and prolonged working hours; psychologically protective factors were resilience and job satisfaction, while perceived stress was found to be a significant psychological risk factor. Organizational interventions should focus on these factors to prevent the onset of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fiabane
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Gabanelli
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa La Rovere
- Department of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Montescano (Pavia), Italy
| | | | - Caterina Pistarini
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gorini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Candura SM, Pettenuzzo E, Negri C, Gallozzi A, Scafa F. Work-related post-traumatic stress disorder: report of five cases. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:565-572. [PMID: 32655085 PMCID: PMC7708739 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may arise after events involving a risk to physical integrity or to life, one's own or that of others. It is characterized by intrusive symptoms, avoidance behaviors, and hyper-excitability. Outside certain categories (e.g., military and police), the syndrome is rarely described in the occupational setting. We report here five unusual cases of work-related PTSD, diagnosed with an interdisciplinary protocol (occupational health visit, psychiatric interview, psychological counselling and testing): (1) a 51-yr-old woman who had undergone three armed robbery attempts while working in a peripheral post office; (2) a 53-yr-old maintenance workman who had suffered serious burns on the job; (3) a 33-yr-old beauty center receptionist after sexual harassment and stalking by her male employer; (4) a 57-yr-old male psychiatrist assaulted by a psychotic outpatient; (5) a 40-yr-old woman, sales manager in a shoe store, after physical aggression by a thief. All patients required psychiatric help and pharmacological treatment, with difficulty of varying degrees in resuming work. We conclude that PTSD can develop even in professional categories generally considered to be at low risk. In such cases, a correct interdisciplinary diagnostic approach is fundamental for addressing therapy and for medico-legal actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano M Candura
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pettenuzzo
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Negri
- Psychiatry Service, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallozzi
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Scafa
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Pavia, Italy
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Raglio A, Bellandi D, Gianotti M, Zanacchi E, Gnesi M, Monti MC, Montomoli C, Vico F, Imbriani C, Giorgi I, Imbriani M. Daily music listening to reduce work-related stress: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 42:e81-e87. [PMID: 30942385 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature shows that music can reduce stress conditions. This pilot study investigated the effects of music listening on work-related stress and well-being in healthcare professionals. METHOD A total of 45 subjects were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: No Music, Individualized Music and Melomics-Health Listening. Music groups experienced a daily 30-min-playlist listening for 3 weeks at home. The Maugeri Stress Index-Revised (MASI-R) and the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) were administered at baseline, after 3 weeks and after 7 weeks (follow-up). Longitudinal data were analyzed by means of a nested ANOVA model, testing the main effects of time and treatment and the interaction between them. RESULTS MASI-R scores showed a positive trend in music groups and a worsening in the control group. Only the interaction time/treatment emerged as supporting a trend toward statistical significance (P = 0.07). PGWBI showed a stability in music groups and a clear decline in controls, without significant effects. CONCLUSIONS Results from the study support the need for a larger clinical trial: it is suggested that daily music listening could be implemented to reduce work-related stress and that the effects may be related, not only to individual musical preferences and familiarity, but also to specific music structures and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raglio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - D Bellandi
- Fondazione Istituto Ospedaliero di Sospiro, Piazza Libertà 2, Sospiro, Cremona 26048, Italy
| | - M Gianotti
- Fondazione Istituto Ospedaliero di Sospiro, Piazza Libertà 2, Sospiro, Cremona 26048, Italy
| | - E Zanacchi
- Fondazione Istituto Ospedaliero di Sospiro, Piazza Libertà 2, Sospiro, Cremona 26048, Italy
| | - M Gnesi
- Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - M C Monti
- Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - C Montomoli
- Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - F Vico
- ETSI Informatica, Andalucia Tech, University of Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 35, Malaga 29000, Spain
| | - C Imbriani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - I Giorgi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - M Imbriani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy
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The Role of Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the Change of Work-Related Stress (ERI) over Time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234839. [PMID: 31810172 PMCID: PMC6926793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Every second employee in Europe complains about work-related stress. Occupational stress due to an imbalance between efforts spent and rewards gained (effort-reward imbalance = ERI) is well investigated and it is associated with mental and physical health. A common guess is that leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has beneficial effects on work-related stress. Yet, evidence in support of this assumption is weak, especially regarding ERI-stress. Longitudinal studies investigating the role of LTPA on ERI are missing. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of LTPA on work-related stress by ERI over time. Methods: 3961 socially insured employees that were born in 1959 or 1965 and working in the first (t1: 2011) and second wave (t2: 2014) of the lidA-study were included. Work-related stress was measured by ERI, LTPA by the self-rated weekly frequency of physical activities. Besides the direct effect, a moderating effect of LTPA on ERI over time was tested in the multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The ERI at t1 was strongly associated with ERI at t2. While LTPA had no direct effect on ERI(t2), it was a significant moderator of ERI from t1 to t2: The higher the frequency of LTPA, the lower ERI was over time. This interaction of LTPA with ERI remained after adjustment for socio-demographic factors. Conclusions: The long-term moderating effect of LTPA on ERI is in agreement with former investigations on the role of LTPA on work-related stress, generally, and on its cross-sectional effect on ERI-stress, specifically. Some of Hill’s criteria of a causal association in epidemiology (biological gradient, temporality, consistency) support our findings. As LTPA has also been shown to exert a protective effect on health outcomes that are associated with ERI, the moderation of ERI by LTPA could partly explain this protective effect. Future observational and interventional studies are required to support our results over more than two age groups and study times.
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