Long Non-Coding RNA PART1 Exerts Tumor Suppressive Functions in Glioma via Sponging miR-190a-3p and Inactivation of PTEN/AKT Pathway

In vitro investigation of epigenetic regulators related to chemo-resistance and stemness of CD133+VE cells sorted from U87MG cell line

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant adult primary brain tumor with frequent relapse and resistance to therapies. Glioma stem cells, a rare population, is thought to be the reason behind the treatment's failure. It is imperative to investigate the disease mechanisms and identify the biomarkers by which glioma stem cells would contribute to treatment relapse and resistance to already available chemotherapeutic agents. The CD133+VE cells were isolated from U87MG cell line and characterized by morphological features, cell viability, self-renewal efficiency, migration potential and karyotyping. Doxorubicin Cisplatin, Irinotecan, Etoposide and Temozolomide were used to determine the anti-proliferative effect on CD133+VE cells. Confocal microcopy was used to localize the chemotherapeutic agents in the CD133+VE cells. In quest of epigenetic biomarkers, RNA sequencing was performed to find the role of lncRNAs in stemness and resistance to therapies. U87cell line and CD133-VE cells were kept as controls for all the experiments. It was found that CD133+VEcells were highly proliferative with increased migration potential, elevated IC50 values against chemotherapeutic agents and showed distinct karyotyping related to pluripotency. Chemotherapeutic agent such as Doxorubicin was localized outside the nucleus revealing the drug resistance as evident by confocal microscopy. RNA sequencing revealed 126 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) in CD133+VEcells among which lncRNA LOXL1-AS1 was highly upregulated and lncRNA PAX8-AS1 was significantly downregulated. These lncRNAs has been reported to be related to drug resistance, migration and epithelial- to- mesenchymal transmission (EMT), self-renewal and stemness properties contributing to poor prognosis and disease relapse.

Distinct mRNA expression profiles and miRNA regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer: insights into tumor progression and therapeutic targets

Background

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among women, driven by the molecular complexity of its various subtypes. This study aimed to investigate the differential expression of genes and miRNAs involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, a critical regulator of cancer progression.

Methods

We analyzed tumor tissues from five breast cancer subtypes-luminal A, luminal B HER2-negative, luminal B HER2-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-and compared them with non-cancerous tissues. Microarray and qRT-PCR techniques were employed to profile mRNAs and miRNAs, while bioinformatic tools predicted miRNA-mRNA interactions. Statistical analysis was performed with a statistical significance threshold (p) < 0.05.

Results

We identified several upregulated genes across all subtypes, with TNBC and HER2-positive cancers showing the most significant changes. Key genes such as COL1A1, COL4A1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and mTOR were found to be overexpressed, correlating with increased cancer aggressiveness. miRNA analysis revealed that miR-190a-3p, miR-4729, and miR-19a-3p potentially regulate these genes, influencing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. For instance, reduced expression of miR-190a-3p may contribute to the overexpression of PIK3CA and other pathway components, enhancing metastatic potential.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its miRNA regulators play crucial roles in breast cancer progression, particularly in aggressive subtypes like TNBC. The identified miRNAs and mRNAs hold potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment, but further validation in functional studies is required. This study provides a foundation for targeted therapies aimed at modulating this critical pathway to improve breast cancer outcomes.

Downregulation of MGLL and microRNAs (miR-302b-5p, miR-190a-3p, miR-450a-2-3p) in non-small cell lung cancer: potential roles in pathogenesis

Genes involved in lipid metabolism have been considered potential therapeutic targets in lung cancer because lipid metabolism is severely disrupted in this cancer. Monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) is a lipolytic enzyme that converts monoacylglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol. MicroRNAs (miRNA), one of the most important epigenetic regulators of gene expression, are also considered potential biomarkers in diagnosing, treating, and prognosis lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of MGLL and related miRNAs (miR-302b-5p, miR-190a-3p, miR-450a-2-3p) in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by examining their expression levels and regulatory mechanisms. We analysed the expression levels of MGLL and miRNAs in 30 NSCLC and 20 non-cancerous tissues by qPCR. We performed in silico analyses to determine the biological functions of MGLL and miRNAs in NSCLC. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for MGLL, and gene ontology (GO) analysis, and the interacting genes were analysed using the TCGAnalyzer tool. Our study showed that the expression levels of MGLL, miR-302b-5p, miR-190a-3p and miR-450a-2-3p were significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues (p < 0.05). Also, according to TCGAnalyzer, MSRB3, HTR4, and FCER1G genes were downregulated genes for NSCLC. We showed that miR-302b-5p, miR-190a-3p, and miR-450a-2-3p significantly regulate the TGF-β signalling pathway. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the potential role of MGLL and microRNAs (miR-302b-5p, miR-190a-3p, miR-450a-2-3p) in NSCLC. In subsequent studies, it was determined that MSRB3, FCER1G and LTB4R2 genes, especially the HTR4 gene, could be potential target genes for lung cancer.

Expression and clinical significance of lncRNA PART1 in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss

PURPOSE

Previous studies have reported the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in reproductive diseases via the regulation of target genes. This study aimed to determine whether lnc-prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (lnc-PART1)could be used as a biomarker of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) and a possible predictor of poor pregnancy outcomes in women with URPL.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty patients with URPL and 15 healthy women were included in this study. PART1 expression was detected in plasma and endometrial tissues using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to analyze the association between PART1 expression and pregnancy outcomes in women with URPL.

RESULTS

The expression of PART1transcript variant 2 was significantly up-regulated in the endometrial specimens from patients with URPL compared to control tissues. High tissue expression levels of PART1transcript variant 2 were associated with poor pregnancy outcomes in women with URPL, indicating that it could serve as a potential risk factor. Additionally, PART1 could serve as a potential risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with URPL (OR = 4.374; 95% CI = 1.052-18.189; p = .042).

CONCLUSION

lncRNA PART1 transcript variant 2 was highly expressed in patients with URPL. Therefore, it is important to conduct in-depth studies on the relationship between PART1 expression and URPL.

Unraveling the role of LncRNAs in glioblastoma progression: insights into signaling pathways and therapeutic potential

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of brain cancer, characterized by its poor prognosis and low survival rate despite current treatment modalities. Because GBM is lethal, clarifying the pathogenesis's underlying mechanisms is important, which are still poorly understood. Recent discoveries in the fields of molecular genetics and cancer biology have demonstrated the critical role that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play in the molecular pathophysiology of GBM growth. LncRNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. They are significant epigenetic modulators that control gene e expression at several levels. Their dysregulation and interactions with important signaling pathways play a major role in the malignancy and development of GBM. The increasing role of lncRNAs in GBM pathogenesis is thoroughly examined in this review, with particular attention given to their regulation mechanisms in key signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and p53. It also looks into lncRNAs' potential as new biomarkers and treatment targets for GBM. In addition, the study discusses the difficulties in delivering lncRNA-based medicines across the blood-brain barrier and identifies areas that need more research to advance lncRNA-oriented treatments for this deadly cancer.

FAM109B plays a tumorigenic role in low-grade gliomas and is associated with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)

BACKGROUND

Family with sequence similarity 109, member B (FAM109B) is involved in endocytic transport and affects genetic variation in brain methylation. It is one of the important genes related to immune cell-associated diseases. In the tumor immune system, methylation can regulate tumor immunity and influence the maturation and functional response of immune cells. Whether FAM109B is involved in tumor progression and its correlation with the tumor immune microenvironment has not yet been disclosed.

METHODS

A comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of FAM109B expression, prognosis, immunity, and TMB was conducted. The expression, clinical features, and prognostic value of FAM109B in low-grade gliomas (LGG) were evaluated using TCGA, CGGA, and Gravendeel databases. The expression of FAM109B was validated by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting (WB). The relationship between FAM109B and methylation, Copy Number Variation (CNV), prognosis, immune checkpoints (ICs), and common chemotherapy drug sensitivity in LGG was explored through Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Spearman correlation analysis. FAM109B levels and their distribution were studied using the TIMER database and single-cell analysis. The potential role of FAM109B in gliomas was further investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

RESULTS

FAM109B was significantly elevated in various tumor types and was associated with poor prognosis. Its expression was related to aggressive progression and poor prognosis in low-grade glioma patients, serving as an independent prognostic marker for LGG. Glioma grade was negatively correlated with FAM109B DNA promoter methylation. Immune infiltration and single-cell analysis showed significant expression of FAM109B in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The expression of FAM109B was closely related to gene mutations, immune checkpoints (ICs), and chemotherapy drugs in LGG. In vitro studies showed increased FAM109B expression in LGG, closely related to cell proliferation. In vivo studies showed that mice in the sh-FAM109B group had slower tumor growth, slower weight loss, and longer survival times.

CONCLUSIONS

FAM109B, as a novel prognostic biomarker for low-grade gliomas, exhibits specific overexpression in TAMs and may be a potential therapeutic target for LGG patients.

PART1 facilitates tumorigenesis and inhibits ferroptosis by regulating the miR-490-3p/SLC7A11 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Ferroptosis is associated with cancer progression and has a promising application for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) participates widely in the regulation of ferroptosis, but the key lncRNA regulators implicated in ferroptosis and their molecular mechanisms remain to be identified.

METHODS

Bioinformatic analysis was performed in R based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) public database. The relative expression of genes was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK8 assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Migration and invasion of HCC cells were detected by Transwell assay and wound healing assay. Expression of relevant proteins was detected by Western blotting. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect interactions between PART1 (or SLC7A11) and miR-490-3p.

RESULTS

The PART1/miR-490-3p/SLC7A11 axis was identified as a potential regulatory pathway of ferroptosis in HCC. PART1 silencing reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis and promoted apoptosis and erastin-reduced ferroptosis. Further investigation revealed that PART1 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-490-3p to enhance SLC7A11 expression. Overexpression of miR-490-3p downregulated the expression of SLC7A11, inhibiting the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells while promoting apoptosis and erastin-induced ferroptosis. Knockdown of PART1 in HCC cells significantly improved the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib.

CONCLUSION

Our results revealed that the PART1/miR-490-3p/SLC7A11 axis enhances HCC cell malignancy and suppresses ferroptosis, which provides a new perspective for understanding of the function of long chain non-coding RNAs in HCC. The PART1/miR-490-3p/SLC7A11 axis may be target for improving sorafenib sensitivity in HCC.

lncRNA Biomarkers of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules of 200 nucleotides or more in length that are not translated into proteins. Their expression is tissue-specific, with the vast majority involved in the regulation of cellular processes and functions. Many human diseases, including cancer, have been shown to be associated with deregulated lncRNAs, rendering them potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for differential diagnosis. The expression of lncRNAs in the nervous system varies in different cell types, implicated in mechanisms of neurons and glia, with effects on the development and functioning of the brain. Reports have also shown a link between changes in lncRNA molecules and the etiopathogenesis of brain neoplasia, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is an aggressive variant of brain cancer with an unfavourable prognosis and a median survival of 14-16 months. It is considered a brain-specific disease with the highly invasive malignant cells spreading throughout the neural tissue, impeding the complete resection, and leading to post-surgery recurrences, which are the prime cause of mortality. The early diagnosis of GBM could improve the treatment and extend survival, with the lncRNA profiling of biological fluids promising the detection of neoplastic changes at their initial stages and more effective therapeutic interventions. This review presents a systematic overview of GBM-associated deregulation of lncRNAs with a focus on lncRNA fingerprints in patients' blood.

Downregulation of lncRNA SATB2‑AS1 facilitates glioma cell proliferation by sponging miR‑671‑5p

The antisense transcript of SATB2 protein (SATB2-AS1) is a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which is involved in the development of colorectal cancer, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the consequent situation of SATB2-AS1 in tissue and cell lines of glioma. The expression of SATB2-AS1 in glioma cases was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. The glycolytic metabolism was determined in glioma cells by detection of extracellular glucose level, oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cells. The interaction between SATB2-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-671-5p was verified by bioinformatic analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The expression levels of the downstream targets of SATB2-AS1 were studied by western blotting. Results demonstrated that SATB2-AS1 was a downregulated lncRNA in low grade glioma and glioblastoma. Gain-of-function assay demonstrated that SATB2-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, and glycolytic metabolism, while induced cell apoptosis in glioma cells. SATB2-AS1 sponged and suppressed the expression of an oncogenic miRNA miR-671-5p. By regulation of miR-671-5p, SATB2-AS1 upregulated cerebellar degeneration related protein 1 (CDR1) and Visinin-like 1 (VSNL1) expression in glioma cells. miR-671-5p overexpression partially reversed the antitumor effect of SATB2-AS1 in glioma. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that there was a downregulation of SATB2-AS1 in glioma, and SATB2-AS1 regulated miR-671-5p/CDR1 axis and miR-671-5p/VSNL1 axis in glioma.

Up-Regulation of miR-26a-5p Promoted Cell Growth and Tumor Metastasis of Intracranial Malignancy Through Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome Ten/Phosphatidylinositol3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway

Objective: Intracranial malignancy has ranked the 6th and 3rd in terms of global tumor morbidity and mortality, respectively. MicroRNA (miRNA) can regulate the cell physiological process. Methods: In previous study, we explored the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of miR-26a-5p in human glioma. MiR-26a-5p expression was increased in patient with glioma. Up-regulation of miR-26a-5p promoted cell growth and tumor metastasis of human glioma through inactivation of PTEN/PI3K/Akt. Results: Down-regulation of miR-26a-5p reduced cell growth and tumor metastasis of human glioma. Downregulation of miR-26a-5p induced PTEN protein expression, and reduced PI3K and p-Akt protein expression in human glioma. PTEN or PI3K inhibitor reduced the effects of miR-26a-5p on cell growth and tumor metastasis of human glioma. Conclusion: Our findings proved that the cancer effect of MiR-26a-5p regulates PTEN expression and promoted cell growth of human glioma through PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

A review on the role of long non-coding RNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) in the etiology of different disorders

LncRNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) is an important lncRNA in the carcinogenesis whose role has been firstly unraveled in prostate cancer. Expression of this lncRNA is activated by androgen in prostate cancer cells. In addition, this lncRNA has a role in the pathogenesis intervertebral disc degeneration, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and Parkinson's disease. Diagnostic role of PART1 has been assessed in some types of cancers. Moreover, dysregulation of PART1 expression is regarded as a prognostic factor in a variety of cancers. The current review provides a concise but comprehensive summary of the role of PART1 in different cancers and non-malignant disorders.

Particulate Matters Affecting lncRNA Dysregulation and Glioblastoma Invasiveness: In Silico Applications and Current Insights

With a reported rise in global air pollution, more than 50% of the population remains exposed to toxic air pollutants in the form of particulate matters (PMs). PMs, from various sources and of varying sizes, have a significant impact on health as long-time exposure to them has seen a correlation with various health hazards and have also been determined to be carcinogenic. In addition to disrupting known cellular pathways, PMs have also been associated with lncRNA dysregulation-a factor that increases predisposition towards the onset or progression of cancer. lncRNA dysregulation is further seen to mediate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression. The vast array of information regarding cancer types including GBM and its various precursors can easily be obtained via innovative in silico approaches in the form of databases such as GEO and TCGA; however, a need to obtain selective and specific information correlating anthropogenic factors and disease progression-in the case of GBM-can serve as a critical tool to filter down and target specific PMs and lncRNAs responsible for regulating key cancer hallmarks in glioblastoma. The current review article proposes an in silico approach in the form of a database that reviews current updates on correlation of PMs with lncRNA dysregulation leading to GBM progression.

Long non‑coding RNA PART1: dual role in cancer

Increasing evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are non-coding endogenous single-stranded RNAs, play an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes through transcriptional interference, post-transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic modification. Moreover, lncRNAs, as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, play an important role in the occurrence and development of human cancers. Prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) was initially identified as a carcinogenic lncRNA in prostate adenomas. The upregulated expression of PART1 plays a tumor-promoting role in liver, prostate, lung cancers, and other tumors. In contrast, the expression of PART1 is downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, and other tumors, which may inhibit the tumor. PART1 plays a dual role in cancer and regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis through a variety of potential mechanisms. These findings suggest that PART1 is a promising tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. This article reviews the biological functions, related mechanisms, and potential clinical significance of PART1 in a variety of human cancers.

Pediatric Pan-Central Nervous System Tumor Methylome Analyses Reveal Immune-Related LncRNAs

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common cancer diagnosis among children. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerge as critical regulators of gene expression, and they play fundamental roles in immune regulation. However, knowledge on epigenetic changes in lncRNAs in diverse types of pediatric CNS tumors is lacking. Here, we integrated the DNA methylation profiles of 2,257 pediatric CNS tumors across 61 subtypes with lncRNA annotations and presented the epigenetically regulated landscape of lncRNAs. We revealed the prevalent lncRNA methylation heterogeneity across pediatric pan-CNS tumors. Based on lncRNA methylation profiles, we refined 14 lncRNA methylation clusters with distinct immune microenvironment patterns. Moreover, we found that lncRNA methylations were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltrations in diverse tumor subtypes. Immune-related lncRNAs were further identified by investigating their correlation with immune cell infiltrations and potentially regulated target genes. LncRNA with methylation perturbations potentially regulate the genes in immune-related pathways. We finally identified several candidate immune-related lncRNA biomarkers (i.e., SSTR5-AS1, CNTN4-AS1, and OSTM1-AS1) in pediatric cancer for further functional validation. In summary, our study represents a comprehensive repertoire of epigenetically regulated immune-related lncRNAs in pediatric pan-CNS tumors, and will facilitate the development of immunotherapeutic targets.

LncRNA PART1 Stimulates the Development of Ovarian Cancer by Up-regulating RACGAP1 and RRM2

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a kind of gynecologic malignancy with a high mortality rate. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to exert regulatory roles in multiple diseases. However, the role of lncRNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) has not been investigated in the development of OC. In this study, from RT-qPCR analysis, we discovered that PART1 demonstrated high expression in OC cells. Moreover, data from functional assays manifested that PART1 reduction hindered the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of OC cells. In vivo uncovered that PART1 knockdown impeded OC tumor growth. Furthermore, from the experimental results of RNA pull down, RIP, and luciferase reporter assays, we discovered that PART1 served as a sponge for microRNA-6884-5p (miR-6884-5p) to modulate the expression of Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) and ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2). Finally, rescue assays proved that overexpression of RACGAP1 or RRM2 abrogated the suppressive role of PART1 knockdown on OC cell malignant behaviors. RACGAP1 and RRM2 were also revealed to act as oncogenes in OC cells. In summary, our research verified the PART1/miR-6884-5p/RACGAP1/RRM2 axis in OC cells, which signified that PART1 might act as a novel biomarker in OC.

Long non-coding RNA TPTEP1 exerts inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma by impairing microRNA-454-3p-mediated DLG5 downregulation

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually diagnosed at late stages, making it the second cause of malignancy-related death across the world. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of significance to tumorigenesis, highly suggestive of their functional roles as novel biomarkers for cancer therapy. The current study investigated the specific role of lncRNA TPTE pseudogene 1 (TPTEP1) in HCC.

METHODS

Expression of lncRNA TPTEP1, microRNA-454-3p (miR-454-3p) and discs large homolog 5 (DLG5) was determined in tissues samples from the recruited patients with HCC. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed to determine effects of lncRNA TPTEP1, miR-454-3p and DLG5 on the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. Finally, the mouse HCC model was also established to disclose the tumor suppressor effects of lncRNA TPTEP1 in vivo.

RESULTS

LncRNA TPTEP1 was downregulated both in HCC cells and tissues, and played a negative regulatory role in HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, lncRNA TPTEP1 competitively bound to miR-454-3p, thereby upregulating its endogenous target DLG5. Moreover, lncRNA TPTEP1 hindered activation of the protein kinase B signaling pathway, causing inhibited malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. Also, lncRNA TPTEP1 suppressed tumor growth and extrahepatic metastasis (lung) via miR-454-3p/DLG5 axis.

CONCLUSION

Taken together, this research revealed a concrete mechanism of lncRNA TPTEP1 in HCC.

Non-Coding RNAs and Brain Tumors: Insights Into Their Roles in Apoptosis

A major terrifying ailment afflicting the humans throughout the world is brain tumor, which causes a lot of mortality among pediatric and adult solid tumors. Several major barriers to the treatment and diagnosis of the brain tumors are the specific micro-environmental and cell-intrinsic features of neural tissues. Absence of the nutrients and hypoxia trigger the cells' mortality in the core of the tumors of humans' brains: however, type of the cells' mortality, including apoptosis or necrosis, has been not found obviously. Current studies have emphasized the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) since their crucial impacts on carcinogenesis have been discovered. Several investigations suggest the essential contribution of such molecules in the development of brain tumors and the respective roles in apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the apoptosis-related non-coding RNAs in brain tumors.

miR-190a-5p Partially Represses the Abnormal Electrical Activity of SCN3B in Cardiac Arrhythmias by Downregulation of IL-2

Cardiac arrhythmias (CAs) are generally caused by disruption of the cardiac conduction system; interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a key player in the pathological process of CAs. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of IL-2 and the sodium channel current of sodium voltage-gated channel beta subunit 3 (SCN3B) by miR-190a-5p in the progression of CAs. ELISA results suggested the concentration of peripheral blood serum IL-2 in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to be increased compared to that in normal controls; fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that the expression of IL-2 in the cardiac tissues of patients with AF to be upregulated and that miR-190a-5p to be downregulated. Luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time-PCR, and whole-cell patch-clamp experiments confirmed the downregulation of IL-2 by miR-190a-5p and influence of the latter on the sodium current of SCN3B. Overall, miR-190a-5p suppressed the increase in SCN3B sodium current caused by endogenous IL-2, whereas miR-190a-5p inhibitor significantly reversed this effect. IL-2 was demonstrated to be directly regulated by miR-190a-5p. We, therefore, concluded that the miR-190a-5p/IL-2/SCN3B pathway could be involved in the pathogenesis of CAs and miR-190a-5p might acts as a potential protective factor in pathogenesis of CAs.

An updated review on the therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic value of long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer

As a novel group of non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) can substantially regulate various biological processes. Downregulated tumor-suppressive lncRNAs and upregulated oncogenic lncRNAs (onco-lncRNAs) have been implicated in gastric cancer (GC) development. These dysregulations have been associated with decreased chemosensitivity, inhibited apoptosis, and increased tumor migration in GC. Besides, growing evidence indicates that lncRNAs can be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and their expression levels are substantially associated with the clinicopathological features of affected patients. The current study aims to review the recent findings of the tumor-suppressive lncRNAs and onco-lncRNAs in GC development and highlight their therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic values in treating GC cells. Besides, it intends to highlight the future direction of lncRNAs in treating GC.

NR2F1-AS1/miR-190a/PHLDB2 Induces the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation Process in Gastric Cancer by Promoting Phosphorylation of AKT3

The median survival time of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy was <1 year. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) gives GC cells the ability to invade, which is an essential biological mechanism in the progression of GC. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-based competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) system has been shown to play a key role in the GC-related EMT process. Although the AKT pathway is essential for EMT in GC, the relationship between AKT3 subtypes and EMT in GC is unclear. Here, we evaluated the underlying mechanism of ceRNA involving NR2F1-AS1/miR-190a/PHLDB2 in inducing EMT by promoting the expression and phosphorylation of AKT3. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of NR2F1-AS1/miR-190a/PHLDB2 in GC was positively associated with the pathological features, staging, poor prognosis, and EMT process. We performed cell transfection, qRT-PCR, western blot, cell viability assay, TUNEL assay, Transwell assay, cell morphology observation, and double luciferase assay to confirm the regulation of NR2F1-AS1/miR-190a/PHLDB2 and its effect on EMT transformation. Finally, GSEA and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis identified that PI3K/AKT pathway was positively correlated to NR2F1-AS1/miR-190a/PHLDB2 expression. AKT3 knockout cells were co-transfected with PHLDB2-OE, and the findings revealed that AKT3 expression and phosphorylation were essential for the PHLDB2-mediated EMT process. Thus, our results showed that NR2F1-AS1/miR-190a/PHLDB2 promoted the phosphorylation of AKT3 to induce EMT in GC cells. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism involved in the EMT process as well as the identification of new EMT markers.

Molecular Features of Glioma Determined and Validated Using Combined TCGA and GTEx Data Analyses

Gliomas are among the most common intracranial tumors which originated from neuroepithelial cells. Increasing evidence has revealed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA module regulation and tumor-infiltrating immune cells play important regulatory roles in the occurrence and progression of gliomas. However, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Data on gliomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas lack normal control samples; to overcome this limitation, we combined 665 The Cancer Genome Atlas glioma RNA sequence datasets with 188 Genotype-Tissue Expression normal brain RNA sequences to construct an expression matrix profile after normalization. We systematically analyzed the expression of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs between gliomas and normal brain tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were conducted to screen differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs. A prognostic miRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA network was constructed, and the core subnetworks were filtered using 6 miRNAs, 3 lncRNAs, and 11 mRNAs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the biological functions of significantly dysregulated mRNAs. Co-expression network analysis was performed to analyze and screen the core genes. Furthermore, single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and immune checkpoint gene expression analysis were performed, as co-expression analysis indicated immune gene dysregulation in glioma. Finally, the expression of representative dysregulated genes was validated in U87 cells at the transcriptional level, establishing a foundation for further research. We identified 7017 mRNAs, 437 lncRNAs, and 9 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in gliomas. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed 5684 mRNAs, 61 lncRNAs, and 7 miRNAs with potential as prognostic signatures in patients with glioma. The hub subnetwork of the competing endogenous RNA network between PART1-hsa-mir-25-SLC12A5/TACC2/BSN/TLN2/ZDHHC8 was screened out. Gene co-expression network, single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and immune checkpoint expression analysis demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating immune cells are closely related to gliomas. We identified novel potential biomarkers to predict survival and therapeutic targets for patients with gliomas based on a large-scale sample. Importantly, we filtered pivotal genes that provide valuable information for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma tumorigenesis and progression.

Downregulation of PART1 Inhibits Proliferation and Differentiation of Hep3B Cells by Targeting hsa-miR-3529-3p/FOXC2 Axis

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important subtype of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and microRNA sponges regulate protein-coding gene expression. The lncRNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) was implicated in the process of several cancer pathogeneses. However, studies on the regulation of PART1 expression and its mechanism in liver cancer are lacking.

Methods

qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect PART1 levels in liver cancer serums and cell lines. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using CCK8 assays, cell clones, and transwell assays. Interaction between PART1 and miR-3529-3p and forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assays.

Results

We revealed that expression levels of PART1 and FOXC2 are significantly upregulated and the miR-3529-3p expression level significantly decreases in the serum while high expression level of PART1 is positively associated with tumour size, BCLC stage, and TNM stage. shRNA of PART1 can significantly reduce the ability of cell migration and invasion by regulating AKT signalling associated with the reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that PART1 can sponge miR-3529-3p, which targets FOXC2 in liver cancer cells. The promoting or suppressing effect of PART1 for Hep3B cell proliferation, invasion, and migration is revised by miR-3529-3p mimics and inhibitors.

Conclusion

Results showed that downregulation of PART1 can partially inhibit proliferation and differentiation by targeting hsa-miR-3529-3p/FOXC2 axis.

lncRNA PART1 mitigates MPP+-induced neuronal injury in SH-SY5Y cells via micRNA-106b-5p/MCL1 axis

OBJECTIVE

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Here, we aimed to explore the function of LncRNA PART1 in PD and its underlying mechanisms.

METHODS

An in vivo MPTP-induced mouse model of PD was generated and the SH-SY5Y cells were treated with MPP⁺ to induce neuronal damage in vitro. The expressions of LncRNA PART1 and microRNA-106b-5p were assessed by RT-qPCR. The level of caspase 3 protein was detected by western blot. CCK8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining were used for detecting cell viability and survival rate, respectively. The interactions between microRNA-106b-5p and LncRNA PART1 or MCL1 were determined by RNA pull-down assay, RIP assay and DLR assay. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA, and the levels of LDH, ROS or SOD were verified using the appropriate assay kits.

RESULTS

The expression of LncRNA PART1 was decreased in PD model in vivo and in vitro (all P<0.05). In SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP⁺, the overexpression of LncRNA PART1 increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress reaction (all P<0.05). Furthermore, LncRNA PART1 sponged microRNA-106b-5p which directly targeted MCL1 and thus regulated the expression of MCL1. LncRNA PART1 attenuated the injury of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP⁺ via targeting microRNA-106b-5p and enhancing MCL1 expression.

CONCLUSION

LncRNA PART1 could alleviate the damage effects of MPP⁺ on SH-SY5Y cells by regulating microRNA-106b-5p/MCL1 axis, suggesting the potential therapeutic value of LncRNA PART1 as a target in PD.

The Role of Tumor-related LncRNA PART1 in cancer

BACKGROUND

As we all know, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) affects tumor progression, which has caused a great upsurge in recent years. It can also affect the growth, migration, and invasion of tumors. When we refer to the abnormal expression of lncRNA, we will find it associated with malignant tumors. In addition, lncRNA has been proved to be a key targeted gene for the treatment of some diseases. PART1, a member of lncRNA, has been reported as a regulator in the process of tumor occurrence and development. This study aims to reveal the biological functions, specific mechanisms, and clinical significance of PART1 in various tumor cells.

METHODS

Through the careful search of PUBMED, the mechanisms of the effect of PART1 on tumorigenesis and development are summarized.

RESULTS

On the one hand, the up-regulated expression of PART1 plays a tumor-promoting role in tumors, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and so on. On the other hand, PART1 is down-regulated in gastric cancer, glioma and other tumors to play a tumor inhibitory role. In addition, PART1 regulates tumor growth mainly by targeting microRNA such as miR-635, directly regulating the expression of proteins such as FUS/EZH2, affecting signal pathways such as the Toll-like receptor pathway, or regulating immune cells.

CONCLUSION

PART1 is closely related to tumors by regulating a variety of molecular mechanisms. In addition, PART1 can be used as a clinical marker for the early diagnosis of tumors and plays an important role in tumor-targeted therapy.

The Roles Played by Long Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma Resistance

Glioma originates in the central nervous system and is classified based on both histological features and molecular genetic characteristics. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides and are known to regulate tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and even confer therapeutic resistance to glioma cells. Since oncogenic lncRNAs have been frequently upregulated to promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioma cells, while tumor-suppressive lncRNAs responsible for the inhibition of apoptosis and decrease in therapeutic sensitivity in glioma cells have been generally downregulated, the dysregulation of lncRNAs affects many features of glioma patients, and the expression profiles associated with these lncRNAs are needed to diagnose the disease stage and to determine suitable therapeutic strategies. Accumulating studies show that the orchestrations of oncogenic lncRNAs and tumor-suppressive lncRNAs in glioma cells result in signaling pathways that influence the pathogenesis and progression of glioma. Furthermore, several lncRNAs are related to the regulation of therapeutic sensitivity in existing anticancer therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Consequently, we undertook this review to improve the understanding of signaling pathways influenced by lncRNAs in glioma and how lncRNAs affect therapeutic resistance.

LncRNA PART1 Promotes Proliferation and Migration, Is Associated with Cancer Stem Cells, and Alters the miRNA Landscape in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are aggressive, lack targeted therapies and are enriched in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Novel therapies which target CSCs within these tumors would likely lead to improved outcomes for TNBC patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential therapeutic targets for TNBC and CSCs. We demonstrate that lncRNA prostate androgen regulated transcript 1 (PART1) is enriched in TNBCs and in Aldefluor^high CSCs, and is associated with worse outcomes among basal-like breast cancer patients. Although PART1 is androgen inducible in breast cancer cells, analysis of patient tumors indicates its androgen regulation has minimal clinical impact. Knockdown of PART1 in TNBC cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft decreased cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth, and mammosphere formation potential. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the lncRNA affects expression of hundreds of genes (e.g., myosin-Va, MYO5A; zinc fingers and homeoboxes protein 2, ZHX2). MiRNA 4.0 GeneChip and TaqMan assays identified multiple miRNAs that are regulated by cytoplasmic PART1, including miR-190a-3p, miR-937-5p, miR-22-5p, miR-30b-3p, and miR-6870-5p. We confirmed the novel interaction between PART1 and miR-937-5p. In general, miRNAs altered by PART1 were less abundant than PART1, potentially leading to cell line-specific effects in terms miRNA-PART1 interactions and gene regulation. Together, the altered miRNA landscape induced by PART1 explains most of the protein-coding gene regulation changes (e.g., MYO5A) induced by PART1 in TNBC.

Novel insights into the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in glioma

Glioma is the most common brain tumor of the central nervous system. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to play a vital role in the initiation and progression of glioma, including tumor cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, invasion, and therapy resistance. New documents emerged, which indicated that the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs contributes to the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of glioma. LncRNAs can act as competing for endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and molecular sponge/deregulator in regulating miRNAs. These interactions stimulate different molecular signaling pathways in glioma, including the lncRNAs/miRNAs/Wnt/β-catenin molecular signaling pathway, the lncRNAs/miRNAs/PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecular signaling pathway, the lncRNAs-miRNAs/MAPK kinase molecular signaling pathway, and the lncRNAs/miRNAs/NF-κB molecular signaling pathway. In this paper, the basic roles and molecular interactions of the lncRNAs and miRNAs pathway glioma were summarized to better understand the pathogenesis and tumorigenesis of glioma.

lncRNA PART1, manipulated by transcriptional factor FOXP2, suppresses proliferation and invasion in ESCC by regulating the miR‑18a‑5p/SOX6 signaling axis

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that long non-coding (lnc)RNAs are associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and the prognosis of patients with a variety of different tumors. However, the roles of lncRNA prostate androgen regulated transcript 1 (PART1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unknown. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to investigate the levels of PART1, SRY-box transcription factor 6 (SOX6) and miR-18a-5p in ESCC tissues and cells. The functions of PART1 in ESCC were demonstrated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Matrigel assays. Promoter activity and dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation and western blot analyses were also used to determine the potential mechanisms of PART1 in ESCC cell lines. It was found that PART1 and SOX6 were both downregulated in ESCC tissues and cells, and their low expression levels were associated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. Forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) exhibited low expression level in ESCC tissues, and its expression was positively correlated with PART1 expression level in ESCC tissues. FOXP2 was found to bind to the promoter region of PART1 to regulate its expression in ESCC cells. Functionally, PART1 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, whereas PART1 downregulation promoted cell proliferation and invasion in the ESCC cell lines. Mechanistically, PART1 functions as a competing endogenous (ce)RNA by sponging miR-18a-5p, resulting in the upregulation of the downstream target gene, SOX6, coupled with the inactivation of the β-catenin/c-myc signaling axis, to suppress ESCC cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, data from the present study unveil a potential ceRNA regulatory pathway, in which PART1 affects SOX6 expression level by sponging miR-18a-5p, to ultimately suppress ESCC development and progression.

Role of lncRNA PART1 in intervertebral disc degeneration and associated underlying mechanism

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a chronic skeletal muscle degeneration disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert significant roles in serious illnesses. Prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) is an identified lncRNA that has been reported to be a regulator in a number of diseases. However, the potential effects of PART1 in IDD have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of lncRNA PART1 in IDD and identify a possible underlying mechanism. Human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were first exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct in vitro IDD models. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to measure lncRNA PART1 expression levels in 10 ng/ml LPS-stimulated NP cells and normal cells (untreated cells). Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to verify the possible binding sites of microRNA (miR)-190a-3p on lncRNA PART1. In addition, NP cell viability and apoptosis were measured by performing MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Expression and secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation-related proteins (aggrecan and collagen type II) were measured using ELISA, RT-qPCR and western blotting. Expression levels of lncRNA PART1 in LPS-treated NP cells were found to be higher compared with those in the control groups. miR-190a-3p directly targeted lncRNA PART1. PART1 knockdown enhanced cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, inhibited inflammatory factor secretion and promoted ECM degradation in LPS-stimulated NP cells. However, transfection with the miR-190a-3p inhibitor reversed the aforementioned PART1 knockdown-induced alterations in cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine and ECM degradation. Collectively, these results suggest that PART1 accelerates the progression of IDD by directly targeting miR-190a-3p, which provides a novel target for IDD diagnosis and treatment.

MiRNA-190 exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke through Rho/Rho-kinase pathway

Ischemic stroke is an urgent public health concern and one of the major causes of deaths and disabilities over the world. MicroRNA (miRNA) has become a key mediator of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries. However, whether miR-190 is involved in cerebral I/R-induced neuronal damage remains unknown. This study was to investigate the role of miR-190 in the brain I/R injury. We divided the rats into sham, I/R, control, and miR-190-mim (miR-190 mimics) groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Nissl staining, flow cytometry, and western blot were conducted to examine the expression of miR-190 and cell apoptosis in different groups. The results showed that the expression of miR-190 was greatly decreased in rats suffering with I/R. Overexpression of miR-190 significantly reduced the increased neurological scores, brain water contents, infarct volumes, and neuronal apoptosis in rats suffering with I/R. In addition, we found that the expression of RhoA and Rho kinase was greatly elevated in rats suffering with I/R. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that Rho was a target of miR-190. Moreover, overexpression of miR-190 significantly downregulated the increased mRNA and protein expression of Rho/Rho kinase and cell apoptosis, while inhibition of miR-190 further upregulated the increased mRNA and protein expression of Rho/Rho kinase and cell apoptosis in rats suffering with I/R. Furthermore, knockdown of Rho significantly downregulated the increased mRNA and protein expression of Rho/Rho kinase and cell apoptosis, while these effects were inhibited by miR-190 inhibitors in rats suffering with I/R. These results indicate that miR-190 confers protection against brain I/R damage by modulating Rho/Rho-kinase signaling.

Exploring the Roles of lncRNAs in GBM Pathophysiology and Their Therapeutic Potential

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most devastating primary central nervous system malignancy with a median survival of around 15 months. The past decades of research have not yielded significant advancements in the treatment of GBM. In that same time, a novel class of molecules, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has been found to play a multitude of roles in cancer and normal biology. The increased accessibility of next generation sequencing technologies and the advent of lncRNA-specific microarrays have facilitated the study of lncRNA etiology. Molecular and computational methods can be applied to predict lncRNA function. LncRNAs can serve as molecular decoys, scaffolds, super-enhancers, or repressors. These molecules can serve as phenotypic switches for GBM cells at the expression and/or epigenetic levels. LncRNAs can affect stemness/differentiation, proliferation, invasion, survival, DNA damage response, and chromatin dynamics. Aberrant expression of these transcripts may facilitate therapy resistance, leading to tumor recurrence. LncRNAs could serve as novel theragnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GBM and other cancers. RNA-based therapeutics may also be employed to target lncRNAs as a novel route of treatment for primary or recurrent GBM. In this review, we explore the roles of lncRNAs in GBM pathophysiology and posit their novel therapeutic potential for GBM.

LncRNA PART1 Exerts Tumor-Suppressive Functions in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma via miR-503-5p

Background

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) accounts for one-third of oral cancers. Previous studies had reported that lncRNA/miRNA regulated the biological behaviors of different cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of PART1 in regulating tumorigenesis and TSCC development via targeting miR-503-5p had not been studied.

Methods

The expressions of PART1 and miR-503-5p in tissues and cultured cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. StarBase 3.0 was used to predict the binding sites of PART1, then dual-luciferase assay and RNA pull-down assay were executed to confirm whether miR-503-5p was a target of PART1. TSCC cells were co-transfected with PART1-overexpressed plasmid or miR-503-5p mimics in vitro, and the transfection efficiency was evaluated through qRT-PCR. Western blot was performed to assess the expressions of EMT-related proteins. CCK-8 and clone formation assays were conducted to detect cell proliferation, TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis, and transwell assay was executed to test migration and invasion.

Results

The low PART1 expression and high miR-503-5p expression were found in TSCC tissues and cell lines (CAL-27 and SCC9). PART1 expression was positively correlated with patients’ prognosis. The targeting and binding relationship between PART1 and miR-503-5p was confirmed, and overexpressed PART1 diminished the expression of miR-503-5p as well. Moreover, PART1 facilitated apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of TSCC cells, and these influences were impeded by miR-503-5p overexpression.

Conclusion

LncRNA PART1 played a cancer-suppressing role in TSCC by targeting miR-503-5p, which provided a potential target for TSCC treatment.

PTEN: What we know of the function and regulation of this onco-suppressor factor in bladder cancer?

Bladder cancer accounts for high morbidity and mortality around the world and its incidence rate is suggested to be higher in following years. A number of factors involve in bladder cancer development such as lifestyle and drugs. However, it appears that genetic factors play a significant role in bladder cancer development and progression. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a cancer-related transcription factor that is corelated with reduced proliferation and invasion of cancer cells by negatively targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In the present review, we aimed to explore the role of PTEN in bladder cancer cells and how upstream modulators affect PTEN in this life-threatening disorder. Down-regulation of PTEN is associated with poor prognosis, chemoresistance and progression of cancer cells. Besides, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and other molecular pathways such as NF-kB are able to target PTEN in bladder cancer cells. Notably, anti-tumor drugs such as kaempferol, β-elemene and sorafenib upregulate the expression of PTEN to exert their inhibitory effects on bladder cancer cells.

PART1 and hsa-miR-429-Mediated SHCBP1 Expression Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Glioma Patients

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Because of their high degree of malignancy, patient survival rates are unsatisfactory. Therefore, exploring glioma biomarkers will play a key role in early diagnosis, guiding treatment, and monitoring the prognosis of gliomas. We found two lncRNAs, six miRNAs, and nine mRNAs that were differentially expressed by analyzing genomic data of glioma patients. The diagnostic value of mRNA expression levels in gliomas was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Among the nine mRNAs, the area under the ROC curve values of only CEP55 and SHCBP1 were >0.7, specifically 0.834 and 0.816, respectively. Additionally, CEP55 and SHCBP1 were highly expressed in glioma specimens and showed increased expression according to the glioma grade, and outcomes of high expression patients were poor. CEP55 was enriched in the cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, and P53 signaling pathway. SHCBP1 was enriched in the cell cycle, DNA replication, ECM receptor interaction, and P53 signaling pathway. Age, grade, IDH status, chromosome 19/20 cogain, and SHCBP1 were independent factors for prognosis. Our findings suggest the PART1-hsa-miR-429-SHCBP1 regulatory network plays an important role in gliomas.