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Krishnamoorthi R, Ganapathy A A, Hari Priya VM, Kumaran A. Future aspects of plant derived bioactive metabolites as therapeutics to combat benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 330:118207. [PMID: 38636573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by prostate enlargement due to cell proliferation, is a common urinary disorder in men over 50, manifesting as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Currently, several therapeutic options are accessible for treating BPH, including medication therapy, surgery and watchful waiting. Conventional drugs such as finasteride and dutasteride are used as 5α-reductase inhibitors for the treatment of BPH. However long-term use of these drugs is restricted due to their unpleasant side effects. Despite the range of available medical therapies, the effective treatment against BPH is still inadequate. Certain therapeutic plants and their phytochemicals have the aforementioned goals and work by regulating this enzyme. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight to advancements in diagnosis of BPH, modern treatment methods and the significance of ethnobotanically relevant medicinal plants as alternative therapeutics for managing BPH. MATERIAL AND METHODS A thorough and systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases and search engines such as PubMed, Web of Science, NCBI and SciFinder till October 2023. Specific keywords such as "benign prostatic hyperplasia", "medicinal plants", "phytochemicals", "pharmacology", "synergy", "ethnobotany", "5-alpha reductase", "alpha blocker" and "toxicology". By include these keywords, a thorough investigation of pertinent papers was assured, and important data about the many facets of BPH could be retrieved. RESULTS After conducting the above investigation, 104 herbal remedies were found to inhibit Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibition, alpha-blockers, or 5α -reductase inhibition effects which are supported by in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies evidence. Of these, 89 plants have ethnobotanical significance as alpha-blockers, alpha-reductase inhibition, or PDE-5 inhibition, and the other fifteen plants were chosen based on their ability to reduce BPH risk factors. Several phytocompounds, including, rutaecarpine, vaccarin, rutin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, quercetin, dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutaevin, and phytosterol-F have been reported to be useful for the management of BPH. The use of combination therapy offers a strong approach to treating long-term conditions compare to single plant extract drugs. Furthermore, several botanical combinations such as lycopene and curcumin, pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil, combinations of extracts from Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf and Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik., and Hypselodelphys poggeana (K.Schum.) Milne-Redh. and Spermacoce radiata (DC.) Sieber ex Hiern are also supported through in vitro and in vivo studies for managing BPH through recuperation in patients with chronic long-term illnesses, as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score. CONCLUSION The review proposes and endorses careful utilization of conventional medications that may be investigated further to discover possible PDE-5, 5 alpha-reductase, an alpha-blocker inhibitor for managing BPH. Even though most conventional formulations, such as 5 alpha-reductase, are readily available, systemic assessment of the effectiveness and mechanism of action of the herbal constituents is still necessary to identify novel chemical moieties that can be further developed for maximum efficacy. However, there exist abundant botanicals and medicinal plants across several regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas, which can be further studied and developed for utilization as a potential phytotherapeutic for the management of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Krishnamoorthi
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Anand Ganapathy A
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - V M Hari Priya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Alaganandam Kumaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Yang L, Liu J, Yin J, Li Y, Liu J, Liu D, Wang Z, DiSanto ME, Zhang W, Zhang X. S100A4 modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis in the hyperplastic prostate. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106551. [PMID: 38360265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men worldwide that may result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). At present, the specific pathophysiological mechanism for BPH/LUTS LUTS remains unclear. S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), a member of the calcium binding protein family, regulates a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis. The aim of the current study was to explore and clarify the possible role of S100A4 in BPH/LUTS. The human prostate stromal cell line (WPMY-1), rat prostate epithelial cells, human prostate tissues and two BPH rat models were employed in this study. The expression and localization of S100A4 were detected by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. Also, S100A4 knockdown or overexpression cell models were constructed and a BPH rat model was induced with testosterone propionate (T) or phenylephrine (PE). The BPH animals were treated with Niclosamide, a S100A4 transcription inhibitor. Results demonstrated that S100A4 was mainly localized in human prostatic stroma and rat prostatic epithelium, and showed a higher expression in BPH. Knockdown of S100A4 induced cell apoptosis, cell proliferation arrest and a reduction of tissue fibrosis markers. Overexpression of S100A4 reversed the aforementioned changes. We also demonstrated that S100A4 regulated proliferation and apoptosis mainly through the ERK pathway and modulated fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, our novel data demonstrate that S100A4 could play a crucial role in BPH development and may be explored as a new therapeutic target of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daoquan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Kim M, Tran P, Yin J, Song J, Kim H. Cinnamomum cassia and Rosa laevigata Mixture Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating Androgen Receptor Signaling and Apoptosis. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839177 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common condition in elderly men that is characterized by an increase in the size of the prostate gland. Cinnamomum cassia and Rosa laevigata have been reported to treat the symptoms associated with BPH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HT080, an herbal extract of C. cassia and R. laevigata, on a testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model. The rats received a daily subcutaneous injection of TP (3 mg/kg) for 4 weeks to induce BPH. Rats were divided into four groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (BPH, TP alone), group 3 (Fina, TP + finasteride 1 mg/kg/day), and group 4 (HT080, TP + HT080 200 mg/kg/day). At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed, and their prostate glands were removed, weighed, and subjected to histopathological examination and western blot analyses. Serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were determined. In addition, serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels were measured to evaluate the toxicity in the liver. The Hershberger bioassay was also conducted to investigate the effects of HT080 on androgenic and antiandrogenic activities. In the BPH model, the prostate weight, prostate index, prostate epithelial thickness, and serum testosterone and DHT levels in the HT080 group were significantly reduced compared to the BPH group. Histological studies showed that HT080 reduced prostatic hyperplasia. The protein expression of androgen receptor from the HT080 group was significantly reduced in comparison with the BPH group (p < 0.05). HT080 also induced apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression. In addition, HT080 showed no toxicity in the liver and did not exhibit androgenic and antiandrogenic activities. Our finding revealed that HT080 can be a potential candidate for the treatment of BPH by regulating androgen receptor signaling and apoptosis.
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Sengel-Turk CT, Alcigir ME, Ekim O, Bakar-Ates F, Hascicek C. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of lonidamine-entrapped lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: An experimental rat model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 157:211-220. [PMID: 33129926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive proliferative disease, the incidence of which is constantly increasing due to aging of population. In this research, a hexokinase-II enzyme inhibiting agent, lonidamine - the use of which is limited in BPH treatment due to high hepatic toxicity observed after three months of treatment - was selected as an active agent, based on its mechanism of action in treating BPH. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo therapeutic efficacy and hepatic toxicity of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles of lonidamine in a rat BPH model created in rat prostates. After local injections of hybrid nanoparticles of lonidamine were administered to the rat prostates, hyperplasic structures of prostates were evaluated in terms of prostatic index values, immunohistochemical evaluations, and histopathological findings. Liver blood enzyme values were also determined to specify hepatic toxicity. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) reaction and histopathological methods to determine intravital degenerative destruction in liver. Through this study, lonidamine-loaded hybrid nanoparticles were found to reduce the hepatic toxicity and increase therapeutic efficiency of lonidamine. Therefore, lonidamine-entrapped hybrid nanoparticles may provide a promising, and very safe, drug delivery strategy in the treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Tuba Sengel-Turk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Eray Alcigir
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Okan Ekim
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Hascicek
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang J, Zhang M, Tang J, Yin G, Long Z, He L, Zhou C, Luo L, Qi L, Wang L. Animal models of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 24:49-57. [PMID: 32873917 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-00277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms are common clinical concerns that affect aging men all over the world. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Over the past few years, a number of animal models of BPH, including spontaneous model, BPH-induction model, xenograft model, metabolic syndrome model, mechanical obstruction model, and transgenic model, have been established that may provide useful tools to fill these critical knowledge gaps. In this review, we therefore outlined the present status quo for animal models of BPH, comparing the pros and cons with respect to their ability to mimic the etiological, histological, and clinical hallmarks of BPH and discussed their applicability for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mengda Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanchi Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lufeng Luo
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Karunasagara S, Hong GL, Jung DY, Kim KH, Cho K, Jung JY. Protective effects of combination of Stauntonia hexaphylla and Cornus officinalis on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia through inhibition of 5α- reductase type 2 and induced cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236879. [PMID: 32790676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive pathological condition associated with proliferation of prostatic tissues, prostate enlargement, and lower-urinary tract symptoms. However, the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of BPH is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of a combination of Stauntonia hexaphylla and Cornus officinalis (SC extract) on a testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH model. The effect of SC extract was examined in a TP-induced human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6) for in vivo experiments. To induce BPH, all rats, except those in the control group, were administered daily with subcutaneous injections of TP (5 mg/kg) and orally treated with appropriate phosphate buffered saline/drugs (finasteride/saw palmetto/SC extract) for 4 consecutive weeks. SC extract significantly downregulated the androgen receptor (AR), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and 5α-reductase type 2 in TP-induced BPH in vitro. In in vivo experiments, SC extract significantly reduced prostate weight, size, serum testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. Histologically, SC extract markedly recovered TP-induced abnormalities and reduced prostatic hyperplasia, thereby improving the histo-architecture of TP-induced BPH rats. SC extract also significantly downregulated AR and PSA expression, as assayed using immunoblotting. Immunostaining revealed that SC extract markedly reduced the 5α-reductase type 2 and significantly downregulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In addition, immunoblotting of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins indicated that SC extract significantly downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and markedly upregulated pro-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-associated X (Bax) expression. Furthermore, SC treatment significantly decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, indicating induced prostate cell apoptosis in TP-induced BPH rats. Thus, our findings demonstrated that SC extract protects against BPH by inhibiting 5α-reductase type 2 and inducing prostate cell apoptosis. Therefore, SC extract might be useful in the clinical treatment of BPH.
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Kohestani Y, Kohestani B, Shirmohamadi Z, Faghani M. Effect of tamsulosin on testis histopathology and serum hormones in adult rats: Experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:531-538. [PMID: 32803117 PMCID: PMC7385916 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i7.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tamsulosin is an inhibitory factor of alpha-adrenergic receptors that is used for relieving of the clinical symptoms and management of acute urinary retention. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tamsulosin on the endocrine axis and testicular tissue in adult male rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 gr) were divided into three groups: 1) control (received distilled water), 2) experimental 1 (received 0.2 mg/kg/day tamsulosin) and 3) experimental 2 (received 0.4 mg/kg/day tamsulosin) through oral gavage for 28 days. Serum hormones level and testicular histopathology were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results In this study, the testicular weight decreased significantly in the experimental groups compared to the control group. A significant decrease was seen in testicular weight (p = 0.004) and the number of Leydig cells in tamsulosin-treated groups (p = 0.012). Tamsulosin improved the hormone profile in experimental groups. Also, higher dose of tamsulosin significantly changed the number of Leydig, spermatogonia cells, the thickness of germinal layer, and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules. Conclusion Results showed that using tamsulosin, possibly reduces the testosterone concentration through adrenergic axis system and in turn has destructive effects on proliferative activity of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Kohestani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Bandar-Anzali Pardis, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Anzali, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Kohestani
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shirmohamadi
- Department of Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Faghani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Solanki A, Patel S, Solanki N, Shah U. Inhibitory Effect of Artemisinin on Testosterone Propionate Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:518-524. [PMID: 32532194 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200612151150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostate hyperplasia [BPH] is an abnormal growth of prostate observed commonly in elderly males. Artemisinin has been reported to reduce the levels of testosterone. OBJECTIVE This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of Artemisinin on testosterone propionate [TP] induced benign prostate hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats [n=24] were separated into four groups of six rats each. Group I served as control and distilled water using tween 80 as an emulsifying agent was administered subcutaneously. BPH was induced by testosterone propionate 3mg/kg [Group II], S.C. daily for 28 days. Group III was BPH + Finasteride treated group (10mg/kg orally for 28 days) and BPH + Artemisinin treated group (Group IV) (50 mg/kg orally for 28 days). RESULT The study results showed significantly high levels of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and an elevation in prostate weight and prostatic index in Group II (BPH) when compared with Group I. The histopathological examination showed an increase in the epithelial proliferation of prostatic cells with involutions protruding into the lumen in BPH group when compared to the normal group. Treatment with Artemisinin (50 mg/kg) reduced the levels of PAP, LDH, prostate weight and prostatic index to a significant extent and restored the histoarchitectural features of the cells. CONCLUSION The present study concludes that Artemisinin is efficacious in testosterone propionate induced BPH. This could be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory property or its role in testosterone level reduction or as a Vitamin D receptor modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Solanki
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Nilay Solanki
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Umang Shah
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
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Cai H, Zhang G, Yan Z, Shang X. The Effect of Xialiqi Capsule on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018; 2018:5367814. [PMID: 30364022 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5367814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common among elderly men, of which inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferative, and apoptotic changes play important roles. Xialiqi (XLQ) capsule, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is used as a potential drug in treating BPH. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of XLQ capsule on testosterone propionate- (TP-) induced BPH in rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham control, BPH model, high and low dose of XLQ, and finasteride as a positive control group. All groups were treated with appropriate drugs/normal saline for 28 consecutive days. Prostate weights were recorded; histopathological changes and content of IL-8, TNF-α, DHT, SOD, MDA, caspase-3, and PCNA of the prostate were determined. Animals with BPH demonstrated significantly increased prostate weights and prostate index, higher levels of IL-8, TNF-α, DHT, MDA, and PCNA, but lower activity of SOD and reduced expression of caspase-3. After treatment with XLQ, significant reductions of prostate weights, prostate index, IL-8, TNF-α, DHT, MDA, and PCNA, increased activity of SOD, and higher level of caspase-3 were shown. The present study indicates that XLQ can effectively prevent the development of TP-induced BPH model through mechanisms of anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antiproliferation, and proapoptosis.
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Ub Wijerathne C, Park HS, Jeong HY, Song JW, Moon OS, Seo YW, Won YS, Son HY, Lim JH, Yeon SH, Kwun HJ. Quisqualis indica Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating Prostate Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:2125-2133. [PMID: 28943529 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quisqualis indica (QI) has been used for treating disorders such as stomach pain, constipation, and digestion problem. This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of QI extract on treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line and a testosterone-induced BPH rat model. LNCaP cells were treated with QI plus testosterone propionate (TP), and androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression levels were assessed by Western blotting. To induce BPH, the rats were subjected to a daily subcutaneous injection of TP (3 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The rats in treatment group were orally gavaged with QI (150 mg/kg) together with the TP injection. In-vitro studies showed that TP-induced increases in AR and PSA expression in LNCaP cells were reduced by QI treatment. In BPH-model rats, the prostate weight, testosterone in serum, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentration and 5α-reductase type 2 mRNA expression in prostate tissue were significantly reduced following the treatment with QI. TP-induced prostatic hyperplasia and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 were significantly attenuated in QI-treated rats. In addition, QI induced apoptosis by up-regulating caspase-3 and -9 activity and decreasing the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) ratio in prostate tissues of BPH rats. Further investigation showed that TP-induced activation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was reduced by QI administration. Therefore, our findings suggest that QI attenuates the BPH state in rats through anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities and might be useful in the clinical treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charith Ub Wijerathne
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Hee-Seon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Ji-Won Song
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Og-Sung Moon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Young-Won Seo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Young-Suk Won
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Jong-Hwan Lim
- HUONS Research Center, Hanyang University in ERICA campus
| | - Sung-Hum Yeon
- HUONS Research Center, Hanyang University in ERICA campus
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwun
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
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Ishola IO, Tijani HK, Dosumu OO, Anunobi CC, Oshodi TO. Atorvastatin attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and cyclo-oxygenase-2. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28636803 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity have been reported to alter sex steroid hormone metabolism. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the protective effect of atorvastatin (ATR) in combination with celecoxib (CEL) or pioglitazone (PIO) on testosterone-induced BPH in rats. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 8) and orally treated as follows for 28 consecutive days: group 1: vehicle control (10 mL/kg); group 2: vehicle testosterone (10 mL/kg); groups 3 - 5: ATR (0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg, respectively); group 6: CEL (20 mg/kg); group 7: PIO (20 mg/kg); and groups 8-9: ATR 0.5 mg/kg, and 15 min later, animals were given CEL (20 mg/kg) or PIO (20 mg/kg), respectively. One hour post-treatment, animals in groups 2-9 were given testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg, s.c.). Twenty-four hours after last treatment on day 28, blood was collected for serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) analysis. Prostate was harvested for biochemical and histological assays. Subcutaneous injection of testosterone increased serum levels of testosterone and PSA which was ameliorated by pretreatments of rat with ATR, celecoxib, or pioglitazone. Similarly, testosterone-induced increase in MDA and reduction in the activity of GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase were attenuated by ATR. Conversely, celecoxib or pioglitazone treatment failed to affect the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The histology of the prostate showed significant improvement in prostatic cells of ATR, celecoxib, or pioglitazone treated. Findings from the study showed that atorvastatin attenuated testosterone-induced BPH. Moreover, synergistic effect was observed when atorvastatin was combined with celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, 234, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Habeeb K Tijani
- Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Charles C Anunobi
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope O Oshodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, 234, Lagos, Nigeria
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Wang YR, Xu Y, Jiang ZZ, Zhang LY, Wang T. Triptolide reduces prostate size and androgen level on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague Dawley rats. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:341-346. [PMID: 28558869 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease of unknown etiology, characterized by prostatic enlargement coincident with distinct alterations in tissue histology. In the present study, we investigated whether triptolide can prevent testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Castration was performed via the scrotal route after urethane aesthesia. BPH was induced in experimental groups by daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate (TP) for two weeks. Triptolide was administered daily by oral gavage at a dose of 100 and 50 μg·kg-1 for 2 weeks, along with the TP injections. On day 14, the animals were humanely killed by cervical dislocation after aesthesia. Prostates were excised, weighed, and used for histological studies. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in serum and prostate were measured. The results showed that triptolide significantly reduced the prostate weight, and the testosterone and DHT levels in both the serum and prostate. Histopathological examination also showed that triptolide treatment suppressed TP-induced prostatic hyperplasia. In conclusion, triptolide effectively inhibits the development of BPH induced by testosterone in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Oyarzábal A, Pérez Y, Molina V, Mas R, Ravelo Y, Jiménez S. D-004 ameliorates phenylephrine-induced urodynamic changes and increased prostate and bladder oxidative stress in rats. Transl Androl Urol 2016; 4:391-7. [PMID: 26816837 PMCID: PMC4708592 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) mainly depend on alpha1-adrenoreceptors (α1-ADR) stimulation, but a link with oxidative stress (OS) is also involved. D-004, a lipid extract of Roystonea regia fruits, antagonizes ADR-induced responses and produces antioxidant effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether D-004 produce antioxidant effects in rats with phenylephrine (PHE)-induced urodynamic changes. METHODS Rats were randomized into eight groups (ten rats/group): a negative vehicle control and seven groups injected with PHE: a positive control, three treated with D-004 (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) and three others with tamsulosin (0.4 mg/kg), grape seed extract (GSE) (250 mg/kg) and vitamin E (VE) (250 mg/kg), respectively. RESULTS Effects on urinary total volume (UTV), volume voided per micturition (VM), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl groups (CG) concentrations in prostate and bladder homogenates were study outcomes. While VM and UTV lowered significantly in the positive control as compared to the negative control group, the opposite occurred with prostate and bladder MDA and CG values. D-004 (200-800 mg/kg) increased significantly both VM and UTV, lowered significantly MDA in prostate and bladder homogenates, and reduced GC levels only in the prostate. Tamsulosin increased significantly VM and UTV, but unchanged oxidative variables. GSE and VE unchanged the UTV, whereas VE, not GSE, modestly but significantly attenuated the PHE-induced decrease of VM. CONCLUSIONS Single oral administration of D-004 (200-800 mg/kg) was the only treatment that ameliorated the urodynamic changes and reduced increased oxidative variables in the prostate of rats with PHE-induced prostate hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambar Oyarzábal
- Pharmacology Department, Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNIC), Havana City, Cuba
| | - Yohani Pérez
- Pharmacology Department, Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNIC), Havana City, Cuba
| | - Vivian Molina
- Pharmacology Department, Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNIC), Havana City, Cuba
| | - Rosa Mas
- Pharmacology Department, Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNIC), Havana City, Cuba
| | - Yazmin Ravelo
- Pharmacology Department, Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNIC), Havana City, Cuba
| | - Sonia Jiménez
- Pharmacology Department, Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNIC), Havana City, Cuba
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Allkanjari O, Vitalone A. What do we know about phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Life Sci 2015; 126:42-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gutiérrez A, Gámez R, Noa M, Mas R, Valle M, Mendoza N, Nodal C, Pérez Y, Oyarzábal Á, Bucarano I, Goicochea E, Jiménez S, García H. Long-Term (24 Months) Carcinogenicity Study of D-004, a Lipid Extract From Roystonea regia Fruits, in Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:138-50. [PMID: 25823441 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815576375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Gutiérrez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rafael Gámez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Miriam Noa
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rosa Mas
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Valle
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nilda Mendoza
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Carlos Nodal
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yohani Pérez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ámbar Oyarzábal
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Isury Bucarano
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Edy Goicochea
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Sonia Jiménez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Haydee García
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
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Iweala EEJ, Ogidigo JO. Prostate Specific Antigen, Antioxidant and Hematological Parameters in Prostatic Rats Fed Solanum macrocarpon L. Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2015.30.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Afriyie DK, Asare GA, Bugyei K, Adjei S, Lin JM, Peng J, Hong ZF. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with Croton membranaceus in an experimental animal model. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 157:90-98. [PMID: 25256687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Croton membranaceus leaf extracts are used in the Bahamas to aromatize tobacco. In Nigeria it is used to improve digestion and in Ghana, the root extract is used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Despite claims of efficacy no data exists to support this. The aim of this study was to determine if Croton membranaceus aqueous root extract (CMARE) could attenuate the development of BPH in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty (50) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250g were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 served as the control and received normal saline p.o. Groups 2-5 were castrated and injected with 5mg/kg b.wt. testosterone propionate subcutaneously for 28 days. Group 2 (model group) had no further treatment. Group 3 was simultaneously given 0.5mg/kg b.wt. finasteride p.o. throughout. Groups 4 and 5 received 30mg/kg b.wt. [low dose (LD)] and 300mg/kg b.wt. [high dose (HD)] CMARE, respectively, for 28 days. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the study and all prostate organs harvested. Wet weights, volumes and prostatic index (PI) were determined. Tissues were histologically examined. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were determined. RESULTS Prostate volume of the control group was 0.67±0.23cm(3). The model, finasteride, CMARE LD and HD groups had the following volumes: 0.92±0.12, 0.84±0.16, 0.79±0.16 and 0.80±0.19cm(3), respectively. Only the model group showed significant statistical differences with the control (p=0.007). PI for control, model, finasteride, LD and HD groups was as follows: 0.19±0.04, 0.30±0.04, 0.25±0.04, 0.21±0.05 and 0.22±0.05. No statistical differences between the control PI and the CMARE treated groups were observed. Histologically, the model group had massive growth of columnar stromal and epithelial cells. CMARE and finasteride attenuated this growth with a resultant thin layer of stromal and epithelial cells similar to the control. PSA levels were significantly lower in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION CMARE reduces stromal and epithelial cell growth, and subsequently shrinks enlarged prostate. This is the first scientific proof validating the anecdotal evidence of CMARE efficacy in the management of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Afriyie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Ghana
| | - George A Asare
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Chemical Pathology Unit, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - K Bugyei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjei
- Animal Experimentation Unit, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Jiu-mao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhen-feng Hong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Shin IS, Lee MY, Lim HS, Seo CS, Ha HK, Shin H. Jaeumganghwa-tang, a traditional herbal formula inhibits the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 55:205-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-1174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shin IS, Lee MY, Ha HK, Seo CS, Shin HK. Inhibitory effect of Yukmijihwang-tang, a traditional herbal formula against testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:48. [PMID: 22520510 PMCID: PMC3457905 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Yukmijihwang-tang, a traditional herbal formula, has been used for treating disorder, diabetic mellitus and neurosis in China (Liu-wei-di-huang-tang in Chinese), Japan (Lokumijio-to in Japanese) and Korea for many years. In this study, we investigated the effects of Yukmijihwang-tang water extract (YJT) on the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a rat model of testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH. Methods A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups. One group was used as a control and the other groups received subcutaneous injections of TP for 4 weeks to induce BPH. YJT (200 or 400 mg/kg) was administered daily for 4 weeks to two groups by oral gavage concurrently with the TP. The animals were euthanized, the prostate and body weights were recorded, and tissues were subjected to hormone assays and histomorphology. In addition, we investigated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in the prostate using immunoblotting. Results Animals with BPH showed significantly increased absolute and relative prostate weights, increased dihydrotestosterone levels in the serum or prostate and increased PCNA expression in the prostate; however, YJT-treated animals showed significant reductions compared with the animals with TP-induced BPH. Histomorphology also showed that YJT inhibited TP-induced prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusions These findings indicate that YJT effectively inhibited the development of BPH and might be a useful drug clinically.
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Lee MY, Shin IS, Seo CS, Lee NH, Ha HK, Son JK, Shin HK. Effects of Melandrium firmum methanolic extract on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:320-4. [PMID: 22231294 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease of unknown aetiology characterized by prostatic enlargement coincident with distinct alterations in tissue histomorphology. Instead of therapeutic agents that can cause severe side effects, plant extracts are frequently used to treat BPH. In this study, we investigated whether the Melandrium firmum methanolic extract (MFME) improves BPH, using the testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model. Castration was performed via the scrotal route under sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia. BPH in castrated rats was generated via daily subcutaneous injections of TP (3 mg kg(-1)) dissolved in corn oil, for 4 weeks. MFME was administered daily by oral gavage at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1) for 4 weeks, along with the TP injections. The control group received injections of corn oil subcutaneously. At the scheduled termination of the experiment, all rats were killed and their prostates weighed; the relative prostate weight (prostate/body weight ratio) was calculated, and histomorphological changes in the prostate were examined. Additionally, we measured the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the serum and the prostate. Experimentally induced BPH led to marked decreases in the relative prostate weight and the DHT levels in the serum and the prostate. Histologically, BPH was evident in the ventral lobe of the prostate, and MFME treatment suppressed the severity of the lesions. These results indicate that MFME effectively inhibits the development of BPH induced by testosterone in a rat model. Further studies will be needed to identify the compound(s) responsibility for inducing the protective effect against BPH and determine its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine EBM Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Exporo 483, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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Martínez AG, Pardo B, Gámez R, Mas R, Noa M, Marrero G, Valle M, García H, Curveco D, Mendoza N, Goicochea E. Effects of in utero exposure to D-004, a lipid extract from Roystonea regia fruits, in the male rat: a comparison with finasteride. J Med Food 2011; 14:1663-9. [PMID: 21861713 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
D-004 is a lipid extract obtained from Cuban royal palm fruits, consisting of a mixture of free fatty acids, that prevents prostate hyperplasia induced with testosterone in rodents. This study investigated the possible alterations due to D-004 of androgen-dependent development after exposure in utero and compared them with those due to finasteride. Rats were randomized into five experimental groups: a control group, three groups treated with D-004 at 500, 750, or 1,000 mg/kg/day, respectively, and a group treated with finasteride (10 mg/kg/day). Male rats were treated 10 weeks before and during mating. Female rats were treated for 15 days prior mating, during mating, during pregnancy, and until lactation (day 21) except for those treated with finasteride, which were only administered the drug on gestational days 12-21. All male offspring were monitored individually until necropsy after postnatal day 90. The results of the present study indicate that D-004 induced no alterations in androgen-dependent development after the exposure in utero. Also, the current study demonstrated a permanent reduction in anogenital distance and retention of nipples in adult male rats exposed to finasteride during late gestation. Significant alterations induced by exposure to finasteride were mainly in tissues dependent on dihydrotestosterone during development.
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Gutiérrez A, Gámez R, Noa M, Mas R, Arencibia D, Pardo B, Valle M, Oyarzábal A, Curveco D, García H, Goicochea E, Mendoza N, Jiménez S. One year oral Toxicity of D-004, a lipid extract from Roystonea regia fruits, in Sprague Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2855-61. [PMID: 21839798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
D-004, a lipid extract of royal palm (Roystonea regia) fruits that contains a reproducible mixture of fatty acids, has been shown to prevent testosterone and phenylephrine-induced prostate hyperplasia in rodents. This study investigated the long-term oral toxicity of D-004 in rats. Rats from both sexes were randomized into four groups (20 rats sex/group): a control and three treated with D-004 (800, 1500 or 2000 mg/kg/day, respectively). At study completion, rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia. Determinations of blood biochemical and haematological parameters and organ weight were done. Also, necropsy and histopathological studies were performed. Four of 160 rats died before study completion. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed throughout the study. Food and water consumption, bodyweight, blood biochemical and haematological parameters, organ weight ratios and histopathological findings were similar in control and treated groups. The histological lesions found in treated animals are commonly present in this specie and strain according to literature and our historical data. In conclusion, long-term (12 months) oral treatment of rats with D-004 (800-2000 mg/kg/day) did not show evidences of D-004-related toxicity under our conditions. The highest dose tested (2000 mg/kg) was a no-observed adverse effect level in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gutiérrez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, PO Box 6990, 198 Ave. and 19 St. Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
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Arencibia-arrebola DF, Rosario-fernández LA, Suárez-fernández YE. Comparación entre líneas de ratones como biomodelos en el ensayo de la morfología de la cabeza del espermatozoide. Rev Int Androl 2011; 9:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1698-031x(11)70020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many recent papers have documented the phytochemical and pharmacological bases for the use of palms (Arecaceae) in ethnomedicine. Early publications were based almost entirely on interviews that solicited local knowledge. More recently, ethnobotanically guided searches for new medicinal plants have proven more successful than random sampling for identifying plants that contain biodynamic ingredients. However, limited laboratory time and the high cost of clinical trials make it difficult to test all potential medicinal plants in the search for new drug candidates. The purpose of this study was to summarize and analyze previous studies on the medicinal uses of American palms in order to narrow down the search for new palm-derived medicines. METHODS Relevant literature was surveyed and data was extracted and organized into medicinal use categories. We focused on more recent literature than that considered in a review published 25 years ago. We included phytochemical and pharmacological research that explored the importance of American palms in ethnomedicine. RESULTS Of 730 species of American palms, we found evidence that 106 species had known medicinal uses, ranging from treatments for diabetes and leishmaniasis to prostatic hyperplasia. Thus, the number of American palm species with known uses had increased from 48 to 106 over the last quarter of a century. Furthermore, the pharmacological bases for many of the effects are now understood. CONCLUSIONS Palms are important in American ethnomedicine. Some, like Serenoa repens and Roystonea regia, are the sources of drugs that have been approved for medicinal uses. In contrast, recent ethnopharmacological studies suggested that many of the reported uses of several other palms do not appear to have a strong physiological basis. This study has provided a useful assessment of the ethnobotanical and pharmacological data available on palms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sosnowska
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Cracow, Poland
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Build. 1540, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark
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Carbajal D, Ravelo Y, Molina V, Mas R, Arruzazabala MDL. D-004, a lipid extract from royal palm fruit, exhibits antidepressant effects in the forced swim test and the tail suspension test in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 92:465-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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López E, Molina V, Illnait J, Oyarzábal A, Fernández LC, Más R, Gámez R, Fernández JC, Jiménez S, Mesa M, Hollands I, Mendoza S. Antioxidant effects of D-004, a lipid extract from the Roystonea regia fruit, on the plasma of healthy men. Asian J Androl 2009; 11:385-92. [PMID: 19169265 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2008.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of D-004, a lipid extract of the Roystonea regia fruit that prevents testosterone- and phenylepinephrine-induced prostate hyperplasia in rodents, on plasma oxidative markers in healthy men. We enrolled male volunteers (20-55 years) in good health and without lower urinary tract symptoms. Thirty-four eligible participants were randomized to placebo or D-004 (320 mg) capsules administered daily for 6 weeks. An interim check-up and a final visit were conducted after 3 and 6 weeks of therapy, respectively. Physical examinations were performed at each visit, and laboratory tests were performed at baseline and at treatment completion. Oxidative variables included plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total hydroxyperoxides (TOH), sulphydryl (SH) groups and total antioxidant status (TAS). We assessed treatment compliance and addressed adverse experiences (AEs) at weeks 3 and 6. At week 6, with D-004, the mean reductions of plasma MDA (26.7%), TOH (18.8%) and SH groups (31.6%), and the mean increase of TAS (35.3%) were significantly different from those of placebo (P<0.001 for plasma TAS, P<0.0001 for all other comparisons). D-004 did not differ from the placebo in safety indicators. There were two withdrawals (both in the D-004 group), with one due to dyspepsia (the only AE during the trial). In conclusion, D-004 displayed antioxidant effects on plasma oxidative markers in healthy men, which was consistent with findings from laboratory experimental studies.
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Pérez Y, Molina V, Mas R, Menéndez R, González RM, Oyarzábal A, Jiménez S. Ex vivoantioxidant effects of D-004, a lipid extract fromRoystonea regiafruits, on rat prostate tissue. Asian J Androl 2008; 10:659-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Gutiérrez A, Gámez R, Mas R, Noa M, Pardo B, Marrero G, Pérez Y, González R, Curveco D, García H. Oral subchronic toxicity of a lipid extract from Roystonea regia fruits in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2008; 31:217-28. [PMID: 18330783 DOI: 10.1080/01480540701873152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
D-004 is a lipid extract of royal palm (Rosytonea regia) fruits that prevents prostate hyperplasia induced with testosterone in rodents. Previous studies have shown no D-004-related toxicity in rats, but no study in mice had been reported. D-004 (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) was evaluated in a subchronic (eight weeks) study in NMRI mice. No evidences of treatment-related toxicity were detected. Thus, body-weight gain, clinical observations, food consumption, blood biochemical, hematology, organ-weight ratios, and histopathological findings were similar in control and treated groups. This study supports that D-004 orally administered up to 2000 mg/kg did not induce treatment-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriadne Gutiérrez
- Toxicology Department, Natural Products Center, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana City, Cuba
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