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Xiong J, Lu DL, Chen BQ, Liu TY, Wang ZX. Dimethyl Itaconate Reduces Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2022:10.1007/s12017-022-08725-y. [PMID: 35939256 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Dimethyl itaconate (DI), a membrane-permeable derivative of itaconate, has been recently reported to limit inflammation. However, the effect of DI in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mouse model of AD remains unclear. We treated APP/PS1 mice with DI or saline. Our results showed that DI ameliorated the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice. Further, DI significantly decreased brain Aβ deposition and Aβ levels, inhibited cell apoptosis, decreased hippocampal and cortical neuronal damage. We also found that DI promoted the expression of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, while inhibited cognitive impairment, cell apoptosis, and the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Our results indicated that DI attenuated memory impairment and neuroinflammation via the Nrf2 signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting that DI might be recognized as a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dong-Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Bai-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Neurorehabilitation and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tong-Yun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Institute of Neurorehabilitation and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Krátký M, Novotná E, Stolaříková J, Švarcová M, Vinšová J. Substituted N-phenylitaconamides as inhibitors of mycobacteria and mycobacterial isocitrate lyase. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Elicitor-Induced Metabolomics Analysis of Halodule pinifolia Suspension Culture for an Alternative Antifungal Screening Approach against Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060609. [PMID: 35736092 PMCID: PMC9224785 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elicitors are the agents that stimulate the defense responses of plants, and accumulate specialized metabolites in plant tissue culture. This study investigated the elicitor-feeding response of H. pinifolia suspension cell cultures (SCC) for metabolomics analysis and screening of specialized compounds against Candida albicans. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was used as an elicitor, and treatment of SCC at a concentration of 20 µM MeJA resulted in the maximum rosmarinic acid (RA) accumulation (117 mg/g dry weight), with transcript levels of RA biosynthetic genes HpPAL, HpC4H, and Hp4CL being 4.2, 2.5, and 3.7-fold higher, respectively, than the controls. GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis revealed a total of 47 metabolites, including 30 organic acids, six amino acids, six flavonoids, two sugars, two plant growth regulators, and one vitamin, which were significantly different between control and MeJA-treated cells. Furthermore, five phenolic acids were discovered at higher concentrations, including p-anisic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, and rosmarinic acid, and were purified and structurally elucidated for alternative antifungal screening against C. albicans and the evaluation of ADMET properties. The results from antifungal screening revealed that RA at MIC of 31.25 mg/L exhibited the lowest growth percentage of C. albicans (1.99%), with higher inhibition of isocitrate lyase 1 (ICL 1) enzyme (93.1%), followed by p-anisic acid (86.2%) and caffeic acid (85.1%), respectively. The drug likeliness and ADMET properties of RA exhibited promising results, with a bioactivity score of 0.57, 0.15, and 0.24 for nuclear receptor ligand, protease inhibitor, and enzyme inhibitor, respectively. Therefore, MeJA appears to have a significant effect on enhanced RA accumulation in H. pinifoia cells with phenylpropanoid transcript expression, and acts as an ICL1 inhibitor of C. albicans.
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4
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Host cell targeting of novel antimycobacterial 4-aminosalicylic acid derivatives with tuftsin carrier peptides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 174:111-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Lutsenko IA, Baravikov DE, Koshenskova KA, Kiskin MA, Nelyubina YV, Primakov PV, Voronina YK, Garaeva VV, Aleshin DA, Aliev TM, Danilenko VN, Bekker OB, Eremenko IL. What are the prospects for using complexes of copper(ii) and zinc(ii) to suppress the vital activity of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis? RSC Adv 2022; 12:5173-5183. [PMID: 35425585 PMCID: PMC8981969 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08555g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New complexes of zinc(ii) and copper(ii) with 2-furoic acid (Hfur), acetic acids and N-donor ligands with the compositions [Zn2(fur)4]n (1), [Zn2(fur)4(NH2py)2] (2, NH2py = 3-aminopyridine), [Zn(fur)2(neoc)] (3, neoc = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenantroline), [Zn(OAc)2(neoc)] (4, OAc = acetat-anion), and [Cu(fur)2(neoc)(H2O)] (5) were synthesized. The structures of the compounds were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 are binuclear; whereas 3–5 are mononuclear. The stabilization of supramolecular architectures in crystals for compounds 1–5 occurs due to π–π-bonding between heterocycles and hydrogen interactions that provide good solubility in aqueous solutions. The stability of the complexes upon dissolution in 5% dextrose and 0.9% NaCl was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopic and NMR (1H) data. The study of in vitro biological activity was carried out against the non-pathogenic strain of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis that is a model for M. tuberculosis. The synergistic effect of ligands is observed for complexes 3–5 and is characterized by an increase in the biological activity values. On passage from Zn2+ to Cu2+ complexes, the biological activity increases and the maximum effect is observed for compound [Cu(fur)2(phen)]. Analysis of the transcriptomic profiles of the M. smegmatis mc2155 strain under the pressure of the copper complex [Cu(fur)2(phen)] made it possible to isolate 185 genes, one quarter of which are associated with the compensation of iron deficiency in the bacterial strain. Genes associated with the transport and metabolism of heavy metals, biosynthesis of fatty and amino acids, biodegradation and transport of urea were also isolated. New complexes of zinc(ii) and copper(ii) with 2-furoic acid (Hfur), acetic acids and N-donor ligands with the compositions [Zn2(fur)4]n, [Zn2(fur)4(NH2py)2], [Zn(fur)2(neoc)], [Zn(OAc)2(neoc)], and [Cu(fur)2(neoc)(H2O)] were synthesized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Lutsenko
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation +7-495-952-1279
| | - Dmitry E Baravikov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation +7-495-952-1279.,D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia M. Pirogovskaya str. 1a 119435 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya A Koshenskova
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation +7-495-952-1279.,D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia M. Pirogovskaya str. 1a 119435 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Kiskin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation +7-495-952-1279
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Petr V Primakov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yulia K Voronina
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation +7-495-952-1279
| | - Veronika V Garaeva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 9 Institutskiy per, Dolgoprudny Moscow Region 141701 Russian Federation
| | - Dmytry A Aleshin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Teimur M Aliev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valery N Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Gubkina 3119333 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Olga B Bekker
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Gubkina 3119333 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor L Eremenko
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation +7-495-952-1279
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6
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Effect of Metabolic Regulators and Aeration on Isocitric Acid Synthesis by Yarrowia lipolytica Grown on Ester-Aldehyde Fraction. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isocitric acid (ICA) has found wide application in medicine as a promising compound with powerful antioxidant activity to combat oxidative stress. In the known microbiological processes of ICA production by non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, the pure carbon sources are commonly used. ICA can be also synthetized by Y. lipolytica from ester-aldehyde fraction (EAF)-waste of the ethanol production process. A highly effective method of ICA production from EAF based on regulation of key enzymes (aconitate hydratase and isocitrate lyase) by metabolic regulators (iron and itaconic acid) and aeration was developed. It is recommended to cultivate Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 under nitrogen deficiency conditions, a high aeration (60% of air saturation), an addition of 15 mM itaconic acid, and 2.4 mg/L iron. Under optimal conditions, Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 produced 83 g/L ICA with isocitrate to citrate ratio of 4.1:1 and mass yield of 1.1 g/g. The putative mechanism of ICA overproduction from EAF by Y. lipolytica was suggested.
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7
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Hwang JY, Chung B, Kwon OS, Park SC, Cho E, Oh DC, Shin J, Oh KB. Inhibitory Effects of Epipolythiodioxopiperazine Fungal Metabolites on Isocitrate Lyase in the Glyoxylate Cycle of Candida albicans. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060295. [PMID: 34067454 PMCID: PMC8224697 DOI: 10.3390/md19060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four epipolythiodioxopiperazine fungal metabolites (1-4) isolated from the sponge-derived Aspergillus quadrilineatus FJJ093 were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit isocitrate lyase (ICL) in the glyoxylate cycle of Candida albicans. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques and comparisons with previously reported data. We found secoemestrin C (1) (an epitetrathiodioxopiperazine derivative) to be a potent ICL inhibitor, with an inhibitory concentration of 4.77 ± 0.08 μM. Phenotypic analyses of ICL-deletion mutants via growth assays with acetate as the sole carbon source demonstrated that secoemestrin C (1) inhibited C. albicans ICL. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that secoemestrin C (1) inhibits ICL mRNA expression in C. albicans under C2-assimilating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Beomkoo Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (B.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Oh-Seok Kwon
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Eunji Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (B.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Jongheon Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.H.); (O.-S.K.); (S.C.P.); (D.-C.O.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (K.-B.O.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2484 (J.S.); +82-2-880-4646 (K.-B.O.)
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (B.C.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (K.-B.O.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2484 (J.S.); +82-2-880-4646 (K.-B.O.)
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8
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Kwon S, Chun HL, Ha HJ, Lee SY, Park HH. Heterogeneous multimeric structure of isocitrate lyase in complex with succinate and itaconate provides novel insights into its inhibitory mechanism. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251067. [PMID: 33951112 PMCID: PMC8099091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the glyoxylate cycle, isocitrate lyases (ICLs) catalyze the lysis of isocitrate to glyoxylate and succinate. Itaconate has been reported to inhibit an ICL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tbICL). To elucidate the molecular mechanism of ICL inhibition, we determined the crystal structure of tbICL in complex with itaconate. Unexpectedly, succinate and itaconate were found to bind to the respective active sites in the dimeric form of tbICL. Our structure revealed the active site architecture as an open form, although the substrate and inhibitor were bound to the active sites. Our findings provide novel insights into the conformation of tbICL upon its binding to a substrate or inhibitor, along with molecular details of the inhibitory mechanism of itaconate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghark Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kwai BXC, Collins AJ, Middleditch MJ, Sperry J, Bashiri G, Leung IKH. Itaconate is a covalent inhibitor of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:57-61. [PMID: 34046597 PMCID: PMC8130629 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Itaconate is a mammalian antimicrobial metabolite that inhibits the isocitrate lyases (ICLs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein, we report that ICLs form a covalent adduct with itaconate through their catalytic cysteine residue. These results reveal atomic details of itaconate inhibition and provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke X C Kwai
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Annabelle J Collins
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Martin J Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Auckland Science Analytical Services, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Ghader Bashiri
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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Lutsenko IA, Yambulatov DS, Kiskin MA, Nelyubina YV, Primakov PV, Bekker OB, Sidorov AA, Eremenko IL. Mononuclear Cu(II), Zn(II), and Co(II) Complexes with 2-Furoate Anions and 2,2'-Bpy: Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Activity. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328420120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The microbiological production of isocitric acid (ICA) is more preferable for its application in medicine and food, because the resulting product contains only the natural isomer—threo-DS. The aim of the present work was to study ICA production by yeast using sunflower oil as carbon source. 30 taxonomically different yeast strains were assessed for their capability for ICA production, and Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 was selected as a promising producer. It was found that ICA production required: the limitation of Y. lipolytica growth by nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur or magnesium, and an addition of iron, activating aconitate hydratase, a key enzyme of isocitrate synthesis. Another regulatory approach capable to shift acid formation to a predominant ICA synthesis is the use of inhibitors (itaconic and oxalic acids), which blocks the conversion of isocitrate at the level of isocitrate lyase. It is recommended to cultivate Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 under nitrogen deficiency conditions with addition of 1.5 mg/L iron and 30 mM itaconic acid. Such optimized nutrition medium provides 70.6 g/L ICA with a ratio between ICA and citric acid (CA) equal 4:1, a mass yield (YICA) of 1.25 g/g and volume productivity (QICA) of 1.19 g/L·h.
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12
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Lutsenko IA, Yambulatov DS, Kiskin MA, Nelyubina YV, Primakov PV, Bekker OB, Levitskiy OA, Magdesieva TV, Imshennik VK, Maksimov YV, Sidorov AA, Danilenko VN, Eremenko IL. Improved In Vitro Antimycobacterial Activity of Trinuclear Complexes Cobalt(II,III) and Iron(III) with 2‐Furoic Acid against
Mycolicibacterium smegmatis. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Lutsenko
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy S. Yambulatov
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Kiskin
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova Str. 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Petr V. Primakov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova Str. 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Olga B. Bekker
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Gubkina Str. 3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Oleg A. Levitskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V. Magdesieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir K. Imshennik
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Kosygina Str. 4 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yurii V. Maksimov
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Kosygina Str. 4 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Aleksey A. Sidorov
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valery N. Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Gubkina Str. 3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor L. Eremenko
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova Str. 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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13
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Appetecchia F, Consalvi S, Scarpecci C, Biava M, Poce G. SAR Analysis of Small Molecules Interfering with Energy-Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E227. [PMID: 32878317 PMCID: PMC7557483 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the world's top infectious killer: it caused a total of 1.5 million deaths and 10 million people fell ill with TB in 2018. Thanks to TB diagnosis and treatment, mortality has been falling in recent years, with an estimated 58 million saved lives between 2000 and 2018. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains is a major concern that might reverse this progress. Therefore, the development of new drugs acting upon novel mechanisms of action is a high priority in the global health agenda. With the approval of bedaquiline, which targets mycobacterial energy production, and delamanid, which targets cell wall synthesis and energy production, the energy-metabolism in Mtb has received much attention in the last decade as a potential target to investigate and develop new antimycobacterial drugs. In this review, we describe potent anti-mycobacterial agents targeting the energy-metabolism at different steps with a special focus on structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the most advanced compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.B.)
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14
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Fernández-García M, Rey-Stolle F, Boccard J, Reddy VP, García A, Cumming BM, Steyn AJC, Rudaz S, Barbas C. Comprehensive Examination of the Mouse Lung Metabolome Following Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Using a Multiplatform Mass Spectrometry Approach. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2053-2070. [PMID: 32285670 PMCID: PMC7199213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms whereby Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) rewires the host metabolism in vivo are surprisingly unexplored. Here, we used three high-resolution mass spectrometry platforms to track altered lung metabolic changes associated with Mtb infection of mice. The multiplatform data sets were merged using consensus orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (cOPLS-DA), an algorithm that allows for the joint interpretation of the results from a single multivariate analysis. We show that Mtb infection triggers a temporal and progressive catabolic state to satisfy the continuously changing energy demand to control infection. This causes dysregulation of metabolic and oxido-reductive pathways culminating in Mtb-associated wasting. Notably, high abundances of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), produced by the host from the bacterial metabolite trimethylamine upon infection, suggest that Mtb could exploit TMAO as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. Overall, these new pathway alterations advance our understanding of the link between Mtb pathogenesis and metabolic dysregulation and could serve as a foundation for new therapeutic intervention strategies. Mass spectrometry data has been deposited in the Metabolomics Workbench repository (data-set identifier: ST001328).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández-García
- Centro
de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU
Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte 28660, Spain
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro
de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU
Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte 28660, Spain
| | - Julien Boccard
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Lausanne and University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Vineel P. Reddy
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Antonia García
- Centro
de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU
Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte 28660, Spain
| | | | - Adrie J. C. Steyn
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Africa
Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South Africa
- UAB
Centers for AIDS Research and Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Lausanne and University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro
de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU
Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte 28660, Spain
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15
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Multitargeting Compounds: A Promising Strategy to Overcome Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051239. [PMID: 32182964 PMCID: PMC7179463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still an urgent global health problem, mainly due to the spread of multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains, which lead to the need of new more efficient drugs. A strategy to overcome the problem of the resistance insurgence could be the polypharmacology approach, to develop single molecules that act on different targets. Polypharmacology could have features that make it an approach more effective than the classical polypharmacy, in which different drugs with high affinity for one target are taken together. Firstly, for a compound that has multiple targets, the probability of development of resistance should be considerably reduced. Moreover, such compounds should have higher efficacy, and could show synergic effects. Lastly, the use of a single molecule should be conceivably associated with a lower risk of side effects, and problems of drug–drug interaction. Indeed, the multitargeting approach for the development of novel antitubercular drugs have gained great interest in recent years. This review article aims to provide an overview of the most recent and promising multitargeting antitubercular drug candidates.
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16
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Bae J, Cho E, Park JS, Won TH, Seo SY, Oh DC, Oh KB, Shin J. Isocadiolides A-H: Polybrominated Aromatics from a Synoicum sp. Ascidian. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:429-437. [PMID: 31967465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Isocadiolides A-H (1-8) and cadiolide N (9), new polybrominated aromatic compounds, were isolated from a Korean Synoicum sp. ascidian. On the basis of the results of extensive spectroscopic analyses, these compounds possessed tris-bromohydroxyphenyl moieties as a common structural motif, while their cores varied [cyclopentenedione (1-5), dihydrofuran (6 and 7), pyranone (8), and furanone (9)], reflecting different extents of rearrangement and oxidation. Several of these compounds exhibited weak antibacterial activities and moderate abilities to inhibit the microbial enzymes sortase A and isocitrate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkyoon Bae
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , San 56-1 , Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742 , Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Seoul National University , San 56-1 , Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-921 , Korea
| | - Jae Sung Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , San 56-1 , Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742 , Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Won
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , San 56-1 , Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742 , Korea
| | - Su-Yuan Seo
- Natural History Museum , Ehwa Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun, Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , San 56-1 , Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742 , Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science , Seoul National University , San 56-1 , Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-921 , Korea
| | - Jongheon Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , San 56-1 , Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742 , Korea
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17
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da Silva LS, Barbosa UR, Silva LDC, Soares CMA, Pereira M, da Silva RA. Identification of a new antifungal compound against isocitrate lyase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:1589-1606. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To perform virtual screening of compounds based on natural products targeting isocitrate lyase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Materials & methods: Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations were applied in order to obtain conformational models for virtual screening. The selected hits were tested in vitro against enzymatic activity of ICL of the dimorphic fungus P. brasiliensis and growth of the Paracoccidioides spp. The cytotoxicity and selectivity index of the compounds were defined. Results & conclusion: Carboxamide, lactone and β-carboline moieties were identified as interesting chemical groups for the design of new antifungal compounds. The compounds inhibited ICL of the dimorphic fungus P. brasiliensis activity. The compound 4559339 presented minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.3 μg/ml in P. brasiliensis with fungicidal effect at this concentration. Thus, a new potential antifungal against P. brasiliensis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane S da Silva
- LBM – Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
- Collaborative Nucleus of Biosystems, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, 75804-020, Brazil
| | - Uessiley R Barbosa
- Collaborative Nucleus of Biosystems, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, 75804-020, Brazil
- UNIFIMES, Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Mineiros, Goiás, 75833-130, Brazil
| | - Lívia do C Silva
- LBM – Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Célia MA Soares
- LBM – Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- LBM – Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt A da Silva
- Collaborative Nucleus of Biosystems, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, 75804-020, Brazil
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18
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Phenolic N-monosubstituted carbamates: Antitubercular and toxicity evaluation of multi-targeting compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Inhibitory Effects of Diketopiperazines from Marine-Derived Streptomyces puniceus on the Isocitrate Lyase of Candida albicans. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112111. [PMID: 31167388 PMCID: PMC6600163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxylate cycle is a sequence of anaplerotic reactions catalyzed by the key enzymes isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of microorganisms during infection. An icl-deletion mutant of Candida albicans exhibited reduced virulence in mice compared with the wild type. Five diketopiperazines, which are small and stable cyclic peptides, isolated from the marine-derived Streptomyces puniceus Act1085, were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on C. albicans ICL. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data and comparisons with previously reported data. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) was identified as a potent ICL inhibitor, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 27 μg/mL. Based on the growth phenotype of the icl-deletion mutants and icl expression analyses, we demonstrated that cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) inhibits the gene transcription of ICL in C. albicans under C2-carbon-utilizing conditions.
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20
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Tiwari A, Kumar A, Srivastava G, Sharma A. Screening of Anti-mycobacterial Phytochemical Compounds for Potential Inhibitors against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isocitrate Lyase. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:600-608. [PMID: 30836915 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304125603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosiswith high morbidity and mortality. Isocitrate lyase (MtbICL), a key enzyme of glyoxylate pathway has been shown to be involved in mycobacterial persistence, is attractive drug target against persistent tuberculosis. METHODS Virtual screening, molecular docking and MD simulation study has been integrated for screening of phytochemical based anti-mycobacterial compounds. Docking study of reported MtbICL inhibitors has shown an average binding affinity score -7.30 Kcal/mol. In virtual screening, compounds exhibiting lower binding energy than calculated average binding energy were selected as top hit compounds followed by calculation of drug likeness property. Relationship between experimental IC50 value and calculated binding gibbs free energy of reported inhibitors was also calculated through regression analysis to predict IC50 value of potential inhibitors. RESULTS Docking and MD simulation studies of top hit compounds have identified shinjudilactone (quassinoid), lecheronol A (pimarane) and caniojane (diterpene) as potential MtbICL inhibitors. CONCLUSION Phytochemical based anti-mycobacterial compound can further developed into effective drugs against persistence tuberculosis with lesser toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Tiwari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurava Srivastava
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Tumor Energy Metabolism and Potential of 3-Bromopyruvate as an Inhibitor of Aerobic Glycolysis: Implications in Tumor Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030317. [PMID: 30845728 PMCID: PMC6468516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor formation and growth depend on various biological metabolism processes that are distinctly different with normal tissues. Abnormal energy metabolism is one of the typical characteristics of tumors. It has been proven that most tumor cells highly rely on aerobic glycolysis to obtain energy rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon called “Warburg effect”. Thus, inhibition of aerobic glycolysis becomes an attractive strategy to specifically kill tumor cells, while normal cells remain unaffected. In recent years, a small molecule alkylating agent, 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), being an effective glycolytic inhibitor, has shown great potential as a promising antitumor drug. Not only it targets glycolysis process, but also inhibits mitochondrial OXPHOS in tumor cells. Excellent antitumor effects of 3-BrPA were observed in cultured cells and tumor-bearing animal models. In this review, we described the energy metabolic pathways of tumor cells, mechanism of action and cellular targets of 3-BrPA, antitumor effects, and the underlying mechanism of 3-BrPA alone or in combination with other antitumor drugs (e.g., cisplatin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, etc.) in vitro and in vivo. In addition, few human case studies of 3-BrPA were also involved. Finally, the novel chemotherapeutic strategies of 3-BrPA, including wafer, liposomal nanoparticle, aerosol, and conjugate formulations, were also discussed for future clinical application.
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22
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Jagielski T, Niedźwiecka K, Roeske K, Dyląg M. 3-Bromopyruvate as an Alternative Option for the Treatment of Protothecosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:375. [PMID: 29725298 PMCID: PMC5917324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protothecosis is an unusual infection of both humans and animals caused by opportunistically pathogenic microalgae of the genus Prototheca. Until now, no standardized treatment protocols exist for the protothecal disease, boosted by a remarkable resistance of Prototheca spp. to a wide array of antimicrobial agents currently available in clinical use. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new effective drugs against Prototheca algae. In this study, the anti-Prototheca activity of 3-bromopyruvate (3BP), either alone or in combination with amphotericin B (AMB) was assessed in vitro, as well as the cytotoxicity of 3BP toward the bovine mammary epithelial cells and murine skin fibroblasts. The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum algaecidal concentrations (MAC) were 0.85 ± 0.21 and 2.25 ± 0.54 mM for Prototheca wickerhamii, 1.25 ± 0.47 and 4.8 ± 1.03 mM for Prototheca blaschkeae, and 1.55 ± 0.69 and 5.6 ± 1.3 mM for Prototheca zopfii gen. 2, respectively. For all Prototheca strains tested, a synergistic interaction between 3BP and AMB was observed, resulting in about 4-fold reduction of their individual MICs, when used together. The elevated content of intracellular glutathione (GSH) was associated with a decreased susceptibility to 3BP. Both epithelial and fibroblast cells retained high viability upon treatment with 3BP at concentrations equivalent to the highest MIC recorded (3 mM) and 10-fold higher (30 mM), with the mean cell viability exceeding 80%, essentially the same as for the untreated cells. The results from these in vitro studies emphasize the high activity of 3BP against the Prototheca algae, its synergistic effect when used in combination with AMB, and the safety of the drug toward the tested mammalian cells. Along with the advantageous physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties, 3BP may be considered an effective and safe novel agent against the protothecal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jagielski
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niedźwiecka
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Roeske
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dyląg
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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23
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Bhusal RP, Patel K, Kwai BXC, Swartjes A, Bashiri G, Reynisson J, Sperry J, Leung IKH. Development of NMR and thermal shift assays for the evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:2155-2163. [PMID: 30108733 PMCID: PMC6072051 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes isocitrate lyase (ICL) isoforms 1 and 2 are essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival within macrophages during latent tuberculosis (TB). As such, ICLs are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, there are few biophysical assays that are available for accurate kinetic and inhibition studies of ICL in vitro. Herein we report the development of a combined NMR spectroscopy and thermal shift assay to study ICL inhibitors for both screening and inhibition constant (IC50) measurement. Operating this new assay in tandem with virtual high-throughput screening has led to the discovery of several new ICL1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad Bhusal
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand . (JS) ; (IKHL)
| | - Krunal Patel
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand . (JS) ; (IKHL)
| | - Brooke X C Kwai
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand . (JS) ; (IKHL)
| | - Anne Swartjes
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand . (JS) ; (IKHL)
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Ghader Bashiri
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand . (JS) ; (IKHL)
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand . (JS) ; (IKHL)
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand . (JS) ; (IKHL)
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24
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Gupta VK, Kumar MM, Singh D, Bisht D, Sharma S. Drug targets in dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: can the conquest against tuberculosis become a reality? Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 50:81-94. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1377346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - M. Madhan Kumar
- Department of Immunology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
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25
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Bhusal RP, Bashiri G, Kwai BXC, Sperry J, Leung IKH. Targeting isocitrate lyase for the treatment of latent tuberculosis. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1008-1016. [PMID: 28458043 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can remain dormant for many years before becoming active. One way to control and eliminate TB is the identification and treatment of latent TB, preventing infected individuals from developing active TB and thus eliminating the subsequent spread of the disease. Isocitrate lyase (ICL) is involved in the mycobacterial glyoxylate and methylisocitrate cycles. ICL is important for the growth and survival of M. tuberculosis during latent infection. ICL is not present in humans and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for the development of anti-TB agents. Here, we explore the evidence linking ICL to persistent survival of M. tuberculosis. The structure, mechanism and inhibition of the enzyme is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad Bhusal
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ghader Bashiri
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Brooke X C Kwai
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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26
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Baranyai Z, Krátký M, Vosátka R, Szabó E, Senoner Z, Dávid S, Stolaříková J, Vinšová J, Bősze S. In vitro biological evaluation of new antimycobacterial salicylanilide-tuftsin conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:152-173. [PMID: 28384546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an intracellular pathogen that can survive in host cells, mainly in macrophages. An increase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis qualifies this infectious disease as a major public health problem worldwide. The cellular uptake of the antimycobacterial agents by infected host cells is limited. Our approach is to enhance the cellular uptake of the antituberculars by target cell-directed delivery using drug-peptide conjugates to achieve an increased intracellular efficacy. In this study, salicylanilide derivatives (2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides) with remarkable antimycobacterial activity were conjugated to macrophage receptor specific tuftsin based peptide carriers through oxime bond directly or by insertion of a GFLG tetrapeptide spacer. We have found that the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of the salicylanilides against M. tuberculosis H37Rv is preserved in the conjugates. While the free drug was ineffective on infected macrophage model, the conjugates were active against the intracellular bacteria. The fluorescently labelled peptide carriers that were modified with different fatty acid side chains showed outstanding cellular uptake rate to the macrophage model cells. The conjugation of the salicylanilides to tuftsin based carriers reduced or abolished the in vitro cytostatic activity of the free drugs with the exception of the palmitoylated conjugates. The conjugates degraded in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenate leading to the formation of an oxime bond-linked salicylanilide-amino acid fragment as the smallest active metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, P.O. Box 32, 1518, H-1117 Budapest 112, Hungary.
| | - Martin Krátký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Rudolf Vosátka
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Eleonóra Szabó
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Senoner
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Dávid
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, P.O. Box 32, 1518, H-1117 Budapest 112, Hungary; Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Partyzánské náměstí 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, P.O. Box 32, 1518, H-1117 Budapest 112, Hungary.
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27
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The HK2 Dependent "Warburg Effect" and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cancer: Targets for Effective Therapy with 3-Bromopyruvate. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121730. [PMID: 27983708 PMCID: PMC6273842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the metabolism of cancer cells, especially with respect to the "Warburg" and "Crabtree" effects. This work also summarizes two key discoveries, one of which relates to hexokinase-2 (HK2), a major player in both the "Warburg effect" and cancer cell immortalization. The second discovery relates to the finding that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, derive as much as 60% of their ATP from glycolysis via the "Warburg effect", and the remaining 40% is derived from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Also described are selected anticancer agents which generally act as strong energy blockers inside cancer cells. Among them, much attention has focused on 3-bromopyruvate (3BP). This small alkylating compound targets both the "Warburg effect", i.e., elevated glycolysis even in the presence oxygen, as well as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells. Normal cells remain unharmed. 3BP rapidly kills cancer cells growing in tissue culture, eradicates tumors in animals, and prevents metastasis. In addition, properly formulated 3BP shows promise also as an effective anti-liver cancer agent in humans and is effective also toward cancers known as "multiple myeloma". Finally, 3BP has been shown to significantly extend the life of a human patient for which no other options were available. Thus, it can be stated that 3BP is a very promising new anti-cancer agent in the process of undergoing clinical development.
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Gonec T, Pospisilova S, Holanova L, Stranik J, Cernikova A, Pudelkova V, Kos J, Oravec M, Kollar P, Cizek A, Jampilek J. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 1-[(2-Substituted phenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl Carbamates. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091189. [PMID: 27617988 PMCID: PMC6273964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Series of thirteen 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl carbamates and thirteen 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl carbamates with alkyl/cycloalkyl/arylalkyl chains were prepared and characterized. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, two methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, Mycobacterium marinum, and M. kansasii. 1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl ethylcarbamate and 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl ethylcarbamate showed antistaphylococcal (MICs = 42 µM against MRSA) and antimycobacterial (MICs = 21 µM) activity against the tested strains comparable with or higher than that of the standards ampicillin and isoniazid. In the case of bulkier carbamate tails (R > propyl/isopropyl), the activity was similar (MICs ca. 70 µM). Screening of the cytotoxicity of both of the most effective compounds was performed using THP-1 cells, and no significant lethal effect was observed (LD50 >30 µM). The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gonec
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Holanova
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Stranik
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Aneta Cernikova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Valeria Pudelkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Kos
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Belidla 986/4a, Brno 60300, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kollar
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, Bratislava 83232, Slovakia.
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Kamzolova SV, Allayarov RK, Lunina JN, Morgunov IG. The effect of oxalic and itaconic acids on threo-Ds-isocitric acid production from rapeseed oil by Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:128-133. [PMID: 26851896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of oxalic and itaconic acids, the inhibitors of the isocitrate lyase, on the production of isocitric acid by the wild strain Yarrowia lipolytica VKM Y-2373 grown in the medium containing rapeseed oil was studied. In the presence of oxalic and itaconic acids, strain Y. lipolytica accumulated in the medium isocitric acid (70.0 and 82.7 g/L, respectively) and citric acid (23.0 and 18.4 g/L, respectively). In control experiment, when the inhibitors were not added to the medium, the strain accumulated isocitric and citric acids at concentrations of 62.0 and 28.0 g/L, respectively. Thus, the use of the oxalic and itaconic acids as additives to the medium is a simple and convenient method of isocitric acid production with a minimum content of citric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Kamzolova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Ramil K Allayarov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Julia N Lunina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Igor G Morgunov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
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Baranyai Z, Krátký M, Vinšová J, Szabó N, Senoner Z, Horváti K, Stolaříková J, Dávid S, Bősze S. Combating highly resistant emerging pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis with novel salicylanilide esters and carbamates. Eur J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26210507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the Mycobacterium genus over one hundred species are already described and new ones are periodically reported. Species that form colonies in a week are classified as rapid growers, those requiring longer periods (up to three months) are the mostly pathogenic slow growers. More recently, new emerging species have been identified to lengthen the list, all rapid growers. Of these, Mycobacterium abscessus is also an intracellular pathogen and it is the most chemotherapy-resistant rapid-growing mycobacterium. In addition, the cases of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are also increasing. Therefore there is an urgent need to find new active molecules against these threatening strains. Based on previous results, a series of salicylanilides, salicylanilide 5-chloropyrazinoates and carbamates was designed, synthesized and characterised. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro activity on M. abscessus, susceptible M. tuberculosis H37Rv, multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis MDR A8, M. tuberculosis MDR 9449/2006 and on the extremely-resistant Praha 131 (XDR) strains. All derivatives exhibited a significant activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the low micromolar range. Eight salicylanilide carbamates and two salicylanilide esters exhibited an excellent in vitro activity on M. abscessus with MICs from 0.2 to 2.1 μM, thus being more effective than ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. This finding is potentially promising, particularly, as M. abscessus is a threateningly chemotherapy-resistant species. M. tuberculosis H37Rv was inhibited with MICs from 0.2 μM, and eleven compounds have lower MICs than isoniazid. Salicylanilide esters and carbamates were found that they were effective also on MDR and XDR M. tuberculosis strains with MICs ≥1.0 μM. The in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50) was also determined on human MonoMac-6 cells, and selectivity index (SI) of the compounds was established. In general, salicylanilide derivatives substituted by halogens on both salicyl and aniline rings showed better activity, than 4-benzoylaniline derivatives. The ester or carbamate bond formation of parent salicylanilides mostly retained or improved antimycobacterial potency with moderate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary, P.O. Box 32, 1518 Budapest 112, Hungary.
| | - Martin Krátký
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Nóra Szabó
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Senoner
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary
| | - Kata Horváti
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary, P.O. Box 32, 1518 Budapest 112, Hungary.
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Partyzánské Náměstí 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Sándor Dávid
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary, P.O. Box 32, 1518 Budapest 112, Hungary; Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary, P.O. Box 32, 1518 Budapest 112, Hungary.
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Shukla H, Kumar V, Singh AK, Rastogi S, Khan SR, Siddiqi MI, Krishnan MY, Akhtar MS. Isocitrate lyase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is inhibited by quercetin through binding at N-terminus. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:137-41. [PMID: 25869309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Combating tuberculosis requires new therapeutic strategies that not only target the actively dividing bacilli but also the dormant bacilli during persistent infection. Isocitrate lyase (ICL) is a key enzyme of the glyoxylate shunt, crucial for the survival of bacteria in macrophages and mice. MtbICL is considered as one of the potential and attractive drug targets against persistent infection. We report the inhibition of MtbICL by quercetin with IC50 of 3.57 μM. In addition, quercetin strongly inhibited the growth of Mtb H37Rv utilizing acetate, rather than glucose as the sole carbon source, suggesting the inhibition of glyoxylate shunt. Quercetin binds at the N-terminus of MtbICL (Kd - 6.68 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Shukla
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Shivangi Rastogi
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Shaheb Raj Khan
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Manju Yasoda Krishnan
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Md Sohail Akhtar
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai 600 113, India.
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Cheah HL, Lim V, Sandai D. Inhibitors of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme ICL1 in Candida albicans for potential use as antifungal agents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95951. [PMID: 24781056 PMCID: PMC4004578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes candidiasis in humans. In recent years, metabolic pathways in C. albicans have been explored as potential antifungal targets to treat candidiasis. The glyoxylate cycle, which enables C. albicans to survive in nutrient-limited host niches and its. Key enzymes (e.g., isocitrate lyase (ICL1), are particularly attractive antifungal targets for C. albicans. In this study, we used a new screening approach that better reflects the physiological environment that C. albicans cells experience during infection to identify potential inhibitors of ICL. Three compounds (caffeic acid (CAFF), rosmarinic acid (ROS), and apigenin (API)) were found to have antifungal activity against C. albicans when tested under glucose-depleted conditions. We further confirmed the inhibitory potential of these compounds against ICL using the ICL enzyme assay. Lastly, we assessed the bioavailability and toxicity of these compounds using Lipinski's rule-of-five and ADMET analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Leong Cheah
- Infectomic Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Infectomic Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Abstract
Efforts from the TB Structural Genomics Consortium together with those of tuberculosis structural biologists worldwide have led to the determination of about 350 structures, making up nearly a tenth of the pathogen's proteome. Given that knowledge of protein structures is essential to obtaining a high-resolution understanding of the underlying biology, it is desirable to have a structural view of the entire proteome. Indeed, structure prediction methods have advanced sufficiently to allow structural models of many more proteins to be built based on homology modeling and fold recognition strategies. By means of these approaches, structural models for about 2,877 proteins, making up nearly 70% of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome, are available. Knowledge from bioinformatics has made significant inroads into an improved annotation of the M. tuberculosis genome and in the prediction of key protein players that interact in vital pathways, some of which are unique to the organism. Functional inferences have been made for a large number of proteins based on fold-function associations. More importantly, ligand-binding pockets of the proteins are identified and scanned against a large database, leading to binding site-based ligand associations and hence structure-based function annotation. Near proteome-wide structural models provide a global perspective of the fold distribution in the genome. New insights about the folds that predominate in the genome, as well as the fold combinations that make up multidomain proteins, are also obtained. This chapter describes the structural proteome, functional inferences drawn from it, and its applications in drug discovery.
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