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Zhao X, Ma Y, Luo J, Xu K, Tian P, Lu C, Song J. Blocking the WNT/β-catenin pathway in cancer treatment:pharmacological targets and drug therapeutic potential. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35989. [PMID: 39253139 PMCID: PMC11381626 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis and relapse, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor stemness maintenance. In most tumors, the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is often aberrantly activated. The therapeutic usefulness of inhibition of WNT/β-catenin signaling has been reported to improve the efficiency of different cancer treatments and this inhibition of signaling has been carried out using different methods including pharmacological agents, short interfering RNA (siRNA), and antibodies. Here, we review the WNT-inhibitory effects of some FDA-approved drugs and natural products in cancer treatment and focus on recent progress of the WNT signaling inhibitors in improving the efficiency of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and physical therapy. We also classified these FDA-approved drugs and natural products according to their structure and physicochemical properties, and introduced briefly their potential mechanisms of inhibiting the WNT signaling pathway. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of inhibitors of WNT/β-catenin pathway in various cancer therapeutics. This will benefit novel WNT inhibitor development and optimal clinical use of WNT signaling-related drugs in synergistic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- China Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yunong Ma
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- China Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiayang Luo
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Peilin Tian
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Cuixia Lu
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- China Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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2
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Simões MM, Paiva KLR, de Souza IF, Mello VC, Martins da Silva IG, Souza PEN, Muehlmann LA, Báo SN. The Potential of Photodynamic Therapy Using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Aluminum Phthalocyanine Chloride as a Nanocarrier for Modulating Immunogenic Cell Death in Murine Melanoma In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:941. [PMID: 39065638 PMCID: PMC11280393 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill target cells. In cancer treatments, PDT can potentially induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is characterized by a well-controlled exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate dendritic cells (DCs) and consequently modulate the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. However, PDT still has limitations, such as the activity of photosensitizers in aqueous media and poor bioavailability. Therefore, a new photosensitizer system, SLN-AlPc, has been developed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. In vitro experiments showed that the light-excited nanocarrier increased ROS production in murine melanoma B16-F10 cells and modulated the profile of DCs. PDT induced cell death accompanied by the exposure of DAMPs and the formation of autophagosomes. In addition, the DCs exposed to PDT-treated B16-F10 cells exhibited morphological changes, increased expression of MHCII, CD86, CD80, and production of IL-12 and IFN-γ, suggesting immune activation towards an antitumor profile. These results indicate that the SLNs-AlPc protocol has the potential to improve PDT efficacy by inducing ICD and activating DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M. Simões
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (K.L.R.P.); (I.F.d.S.); (V.C.M.); (I.G.M.d.S.)
| | - Karen L. R. Paiva
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (K.L.R.P.); (I.F.d.S.); (V.C.M.); (I.G.M.d.S.)
| | - Isadora Florêncio de Souza
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (K.L.R.P.); (I.F.d.S.); (V.C.M.); (I.G.M.d.S.)
| | - Victor Carlos Mello
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (K.L.R.P.); (I.F.d.S.); (V.C.M.); (I.G.M.d.S.)
| | - Ingrid Gracielle Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (K.L.R.P.); (I.F.d.S.); (V.C.M.); (I.G.M.d.S.)
| | - Paulo Eduardo Narcizo Souza
- Optical Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Luis Alexandre Muehlmann
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Immunology, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (K.L.R.P.); (I.F.d.S.); (V.C.M.); (I.G.M.d.S.)
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Mazepa E, Cunha ES, Valerio HP, Di Mascio P, Batista M, Marchini FK, Meira WV, Noleto GR, Winnischofer SMB, Martinez GR. Unveiling novel targets in melanoma under melanogenesis stimulation and photodynamic therapy by redox proteomics. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38961772 DOI: 10.1111/php.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Melanogenesis-stimulated B16-F10 cells enter in a quiescent state, present inhibited mitochondrial respiration and increased reactive oxygen species levels. These alterations suggest that these cells may be under redox signaling, allowing tumor survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate redox-modified proteins in B16-F10 cells after melanogenesis stimulation and rose bengal-photodynamic therapy (RB-PDT). A redox proteomics label-free approach based on the biotin switch assay technique with biotin-HPDP and N-ethylmaleimide was used to assess the thiol-oxidized protein profile. Aconitase was oxidized at Cys-448 and Cys-451, citrate synthase was oxidized at Cys-202 and aspartate aminotransferase (Got2) was oxidized at Cys-272 and Cys-274, exclusively after melanogenesis stimulation. After RB-PDT, only guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 (Gnb2l1) was oxidized (Cys-168). In contrast, melanogenesis stimulation followed by RB-PDT led to the oxidation of different cysteines in Gnb2l1 (Cys-153 and Cys-249). Besides that, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) presented oxidation at Cys-245, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (Ppia) was oxidized at Cys-161 and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase (Tyrp1) was oxidized at Cys-65, Cys-30, and Cys-336 after melanogenesis stimulation followed by RB-PDT. The redox alterations observed in murine melanoma cells and identification of possible target proteins are of great importance to further understand tumor resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Mazepa
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Sousa Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hellen Paula Valerio
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Batista
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technologies in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technologies in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Willian Vanderlei Meira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilhermina Rodrigues Noleto
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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de Oliveira GV, Soares MV, Cordeiro LM, da Silva AF, Venturini L, Ilha L, Baptista FBO, da Silveira TL, Soares FAA, Iglesias BA. Toxicological assessment of photoactivated tetra-cationic porphyrin molecules under white light exposure in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Toxicology 2024; 504:153793. [PMID: 38574843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the potential of photosensitizing substances to absorb light energy and produce reactive oxygen species. Tetra-cationic porphyrins, which have organic or coordination compounds attached to their periphery, are heterocyclic derivatives with well-described antimicrobial and antitumoral properties. This is due to their ability to produce reactive oxygen species and their photobiological properties in solution. Consequently, these molecules are promising candidates as new and more effective photosensitizers with biomedical, environmental, and other biomedical applications. Prior to human exposure, it is essential to establish the toxicological profile of these molecules using in vivo models. In this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans, a small free-living nematode, as a model for assessing toxic effects and predicting toxicity in preclinical research. We evaluated the toxic effects of porphyrins (neutral and tetra-cationic) on nematodes under dark/light conditions. Our findings demonstrate that tetra-methylated porphyrins (3TMeP and 4TMeP) at a concentration of 3.3 µg/mL (1.36 and 0.93 µM) exhibit high toxicity (as evidenced by reduced survival, development, and locomotion) under dark conditions. Moreover, photoactivated tetra-methylated porphyrins induce higher ROS levels compared to neutral (3TPyP and 4TPyP), tetra-palladated (3PdTPyP and 4PdTPyP), and tetra-platinated (3PtTPyP and 4PtTPyP) porphyrins, which may be responsible for the observed toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vitória de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcell Valandro Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Venturini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Ilha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Bicca Obetine Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tássia Limana da Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Ma Y, Zhao X, Tian P, Xu K, Luo J, Li H, Yuan M, Liu X, Zhong Y, Wei P, Song J, Wen L, Lu C. Laser-Ignited Lipid Peroxidation Nanoamplifiers for Strengthening Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Through Aggravating Ferroptotic Propagation and Sustainable High Immunogenicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306402. [PMID: 37992239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is extensively investigated for tumor therapy in the clinic. However, the efficacy of PDT is severely limited by the tissue penetrability of light, short effective half-life and radius of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the weak immunostimulatory effect. In this study, a glutathione (GSH)-activatable nano-photosensitizer is developed to load with arachidonic acid (AA) and camouflage by erythrocyte membrane, which serves as a laser-ignited lipid peroxidation nanoamplifier (MAR). The photosensitive effect of MAR is recovered accompanied by the degradation in the tumor microenvironment and triggers the peroxidation of AA upon laser excitation. Interestingly, it aggravates the propagation of ferroptosis among cancer cells by driving the continuous lipid peroxidation chain reactions with the participation of the degradation products, ferrous ions (Fe2+), and AA. Consequently, even the deep-seated tumor cells without illumination also undergo ferroptosis owing to the propagation of ferroptotic signal. Moreover, the residual tumor cells undergoing ferroptosis still maintain high immunogenicity after PDT, thus continuously triggering sufficient tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) release to remarkably promote the anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, this study will provide a novel "all-in-one" nano-photosensitizer that not only amplifies the damaging effect and expands the effective range of PDT but also improves the immunostimulatory effect after PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Ma
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Peilin Tian
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiayang Luo
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Mingqing Yuan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yanping Zhong
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Pingzhen Wei
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Liewei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Cuixia Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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6
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Dragicevic N, Predic-Atkinson J, Nikolic B, Pajovic SB, Ivkovic S, Adzic M. Nanocarriers in topical photodynamic therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:279-307. [PMID: 38349540 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2318460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained significant attention due to its superiority over conventional treatments. In the context of skin cancers and nonmalignant skin diseases, topical application of photosensitizer formulations onto affected skin, followed by illumination, offers distinct advantages. Topical PDT simplifies therapy by providing easy access to the skin, increasing drug concentration within the target area, and confining residual photosensitivity to the treated skin. However, the effectiveness of topical PDT is often hindered by challenges such as limited skin penetration or photosensitizer instability. Additionally, the hypoxic tumor environment poses further limitations. Nanocarriers present a promising solution to address these challenges. AREAS COVERED The objective of this review is to comprehensively explore and highlight the role of various nanocarriers in advancing topical PDT for the treatment of skin diseases. The primary focus is to address the challenges associated with conventional topical PDT approaches and demonstrate how nanotechnology-based strategies can overcome these challenges, thereby improving the overall efficiency and efficacy of PDT. EXPERT OPINION Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of PDT, offering innovative tools to combat the unfavorable features of photosensitizers and hurdles in PDT. Nanocarriers enhance skin penetration and stability of photosensitizers, provide controlled drug release, reduce needed dose, increase production of reactive oxygen species, while reducing side effects, thereby improving PDT effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dragicevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bojan Nikolic
- Faculty of Health and Business studies, Singidunum University, Valjevo, Serbia
| | - Snezana B Pajovic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Adzic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Saeed W, Shahbaz E, Maqsood Q, Ali SW, Mahnoor M. Cutaneous Oncology: Strategies for Melanoma Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241274978. [PMID: 39133519 PMCID: PMC11320697 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241274978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer comprises one-third of all diagnosed cancer cases and remains a major health concern. Genetic and environmental parameters serve as the two main risk factors associated with the development of skin cancer, with ultraviolet radiation being the most common environmental risk factor. Studies have also found fair complexion, arsenic toxicity, indoor tanning, and family history among the prevailing causes of skin cancer. Prevention and early diagnosis play a crucial role in reducing the frequency and ensuring effective management of skin cancer. Recent studies have focused on exploring minimally invasive or non-invasive diagnostic technologies along with artificial intelligence to facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis. The treatment of skin cancer ranges from traditional surgical excision to various advanced methods such as phototherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination therapy. Recent studies have focused on immunotherapy, with the introduction of new checkpoint inhibitors and personalized immunotherapy enhancing treatment efficacy. Advancements in multi-omics, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence have further deepened the understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumoral growth and their interaction with therapeutic effects, which has paved the way for precision oncology. This review aims to highlight the recent advancements in the understanding and management of skin cancer, and provide an overview of existing and emerging diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic modalities, while highlighting areas that require further research to bridge the existing knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Esha Shahbaz
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Maqsood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shinawar Waseem Ali
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammada Mahnoor
- Sehat Medical Complex Lake City, University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan
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Gaballo A, Ragusa A, Nobile C, Gallo N, Salvatore L, Piccirillo C, Nito A, Caputo A, Guida G, Zito A, Filotico R, Quarta A. Enhanced Delivery of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Lecithin Invasomes in 3D Melanoma Cancer Model. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5593-5606. [PMID: 37755323 PMCID: PMC10630953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin cancer and diseases. 5-Aminolevulinic acid is a prodrug clinically approved for PDT. Once internalized by cancer cells, it is rapidly metabolized to the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX, which under the proper light irradiation, stimulates the deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and leads to cell death. The high hydrophilicity of 5-aminolevulinic acid limits its capability to cross the epidermis. Lipophilic derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid only partly improved skin penetration, thus making its incorporation into nanocarriers necessary. Here we have developed and characterized 5-aminolevulinic acid loaded invasomes made of egg lecithin, either 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and the terpene limonene. The obtained invasomes are highly thermostable and display a spherical morphology with an average size of 150 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 80%; moreover, the ex vivo epidermis diffusion tests established that nanovesicles containing the terpene led to a much higher skin penetration (up to 80% in 3 h) compared to those without limonene and to the free fluorescent tracer (less than 50%). Finally, in vitro studies with 2D and 3D human cell models of melanoma proved the biocompatibility of invasomes, the enhanced intracellular transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid, its ability to generate ROS upon irradiation, and consequently, its antiproliferative effect. A simplified scaffold-based 3D skin model containing melanoma spheroids was also prepared. Considering the results obtained, we conclude that the lecithin invasomes loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid have a good therapeutic potential and may represent an efficient tool that can be considered a valid alternative in the topical treatment of melanoma and other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gaballo
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Concetta Nobile
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Nunzia Gallo
- Department
of Engineering for Innovation, University
of Salento, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Luca Salvatore
- Typeone
Biomaterials Srl, Muro Leccese, Lecce, 73036, Italy
| | - Clara Piccirillo
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Alessia Nito
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Caputo
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Alfredo Zito
- Pathology
Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni
Paolo II”, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Raffaele Filotico
- Dermato-Oncology
Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni
Paolo II”, Bari, 70124, Italy
- Section
of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative
Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University
of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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Hasan N, Nadaf A, Imran M, Jiba U, Sheikh A, Almalki WH, Almujri SS, Mohammed YH, Kesharwani P, Ahmad FJ. Skin cancer: understanding the journey of transformation from conventional to advanced treatment approaches. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:168. [PMID: 37803407 PMCID: PMC10559482 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a global threat to the healthcare system and is estimated to incline tremendously in the next 20 years, if not diagnosed at an early stage. Even though it is curable at an early stage, novel drug identification, clinical success, and drug resistance is another major challenge. To bridge the gap and bring effective treatment, it is important to understand the etiology of skin carcinoma, the mechanism of cell proliferation, factors affecting cell growth, and the mechanism of drug resistance. The current article focusses on understanding the structural diversity of skin cancers, treatments available till date including phytocompounds, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, surgery, combination therapy, molecular targets associated with cancer growth and metastasis, and special emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches for downregulating the deleterious disease. A detailed analysis with respect to types of nanoparticles and their scope in overcoming multidrug resistance as well as associated clinical trials has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Arif Nadaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Umme Jiba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 24381, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Kuthambakkam, India.
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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10
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Lara-Vega I, Vega-López A. Combinational photodynamic and photothermal - based therapies for melanoma in mouse models. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103596. [PMID: 37148952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a highly metastatic skin cancer with limited response to current therapies in advanced patients. To overcome resistance, novel treatments based on photodynamic and photothermal therapies (PDT and PTT, respectively) have been developed to treat melanoma in preclinical murine models. Despite success inhibiting implanted tumors' growth, there has been limited evaluation of their long-term effectiveness in preventing metastasis, recurrence, or improving survival rates. METHODS Combined and multidrug therapies based on PDT and/or PTT to treat cutaneous malignant melanoma in the preclinical mouse model were reviewed from 2016 onwards. PubMed® was the database in which the search was performed using mesh search algorithms resulting in fifty-one studies that comply with strict inclusion rules of screening. RESULTS B16 melanoma-bearing C57BLACK6 mice model was the most used to evaluate immunotherapies, chemotherapies, and targeted therapies in combination with PDT and/or PTT. Combined therapies demonstrated a synergistic effect, resulting in intense antitumor activity. The most extensively studied protocol for developing metastatic models involved the intravenous administration of malignant cells, with some combined therapies being tested. Furthermore, the review presents the composition of the nanostructures utilized for delivering the drugs and light-responsive agents and the treatment plans for each combined approach. CONCLUSIONS The identified mechanisms to simulate metastatic melanoma models and the therapeutic combinations may aid in evaluating the systemic protection of combined PDT and PTT-based therapies, particularly in conducting short-term preclinical experiments. Such simulations could have relevance to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Lara-Vega
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City C. P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City C. P. 07738, Mexico.
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11
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Udrea AM, Smarandache A, Dinache A, Mares C, Nistorescu S, Avram S, Staicu A. Photosensitizers-Loaded Nanocarriers for Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy in Melanoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2124. [PMID: 37631339 PMCID: PMC10460031 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma poses a significant global health burden. It is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, attributed to various risk factors such as UV radiation exposure, genetic modifications, chemical carcinogens, immunosuppression, and fair complexion. Photodynamic therapy is a promising minimally invasive treatment that uses light to activate a photosensitizer, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, which ultimately promote cell death. When selecting photosensitizers for melanoma photodynamic therapy, the presence of melanin should be considered. Melanin absorbs visible radiation similar to most photosensitizers and has antioxidant properties, which undermines the reactive species generated in photodynamic therapy processes. These characteristics have led to further research for new photosensitizing platforms to ensure better treatment results. The development of photosensitizers has advanced with the use of nanotechnology, which plays a crucial role in enhancing solubility, optical absorption, and tumour targeting. This paper reviews the current approaches (that use the synergistic effect of different photosensitizers, nanocarriers, chemotherapeutic agents) in the photodynamic therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Udrea
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Adriana Smarandache
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Andra Dinache
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Catalina Mares
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Simona Nistorescu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Speranta Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Angela Staicu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
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12
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Pillarisetti S, Vijayan V, Rangasamy J, Bardhan R, Uthaman S, Park IK. A Multi-Stimuli Responsive Alginate Nanogel for Anticancer Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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13
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de Oliveira ACV, de Morais FAP, Campanholi KDSS, Bidóia DL, Balbinot RB, Nakamura CV, Caetano W, Hioka N, Monteiro ODS, da Rocha CQ, Gonçalves RS. Melanoma-targeted photodynamic therapy based on hypericin-loaded multifunctional P123-spermine/folate micelles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103103. [PMID: 36057363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional P123 micelle linked covalently with spermine (SM) and folic acid (FA) was developed as a drug delivery system of hypericin (HYP). The chemical structures of the modified copolymers were confirmed by spectroscopy and spectrophotometric techniques (UV-vis, FTIR, and 1H NMR). The copolymeric micelles loading HYP were prepared by solid dispersion and characterized by UV-vis, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results provided a good level of stability for HYP-loaded P123-SM, P123-FA, and P123-SM/P123-FA in the aqueous medium. The morphology analysis showed that all copolymeric micelles are spherical. Well-defined regions of different contrast allow us to infer that SM and FA were localized on the surface of micelles, and the HYP molecules are located in the core region of micelles. The uptake potential of multifunctional P123 micelle was accessed by exposing the micellar systems loading HYP to two cell lines, B16-F10 and HaCaT. HYP-loaded P123 micelles reveal a low selectivity for melanoma cells, showing significant photodamage for HaCat cells. However, the exposition of B16-F10 cells to Hyp-loaded SM- and FA-functionalized P123 micelles under light irradiation revealed the lowest CC50 values. The interpretation of these results suggested that the combination of SM and FA on P123 micelles is the main factor in enhancing the HYP uptake by melanoma cells, consequently leading to its photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danielle Lazarin Bidóia
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Bento Balbinot
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Odair Dos Santos Monteiro
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Renato Sonchini Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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14
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Udrea AM, Dinache A, Staicu A, Avram S. Target Prediction of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4'-Sulfonatophenyl)-Porphyrin Using Molecular Docking. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2390. [PMID: 36365208 PMCID: PMC9692331 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has the potential to be a new and effective cancer treatment. Even if in vitro and in vivo research show promise, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, molecular docking simulations predict the binding affinity of the 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4'-sulfonatophenyl)-porphyrin tetraammonium photosensitizer on several potential targets in photodynamic treatment. Our results indicate that this photosensitizer binds to several receptor targets, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and other related proteins BCL-xL, MCL-1, or A1. The binding affinity of the porphyrin derivative with human serum albumin was determined using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and predicted using molecular docking. We conclude that the studied porphyrin photosensitizer binds to human serum albumin and may inhibit the cancer cell line through its interactions with HIS and MET AA residues from BCL-2, MCL-1, and β-catenin receptors or through its low estimated free energy of binding when interacting with A1 and BCL-B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Udrea
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra Dinache
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Angela Staicu
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Speranta Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Wagstaff W, Mwamba RN, Grullon K, Armstrong M, Zhao P, Hendren-Santiago B, Qin KH, Li AJ, Hu DA, Youssef A, Reid RR, Luu HH, Shen L, He TC, Haydon RC. Melanoma: Molecular genetics, metastasis, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1608-1623. [PMID: 36157497 PMCID: PMC9485270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a common cancer and cases have steadily increased since the mid 70s. For some patients, early diagnosis and surgical removal of melanomas is lifesaving, while other patients typically turn to molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies as treatment options. Easy sampling of melanomas allows the scientific community to identify the most prevalent mutations that initiate melanoma such as the BRAF, NRAS, and TERT genes, some of which can be therapeutically targeted. Though initially effective, many tumors acquire resistance to the targeted therapies demonstrating the need to investigate compensatory pathways. Immunotherapies represent an alternative to molecular targeted therapies. However, inter-tumoral immune cell populations dictate initial therapeutic response and even tumors that responded to treatment develop resistance in the long term. As the protocol for combination therapies develop, so will our scientific understanding of the many pathways at play in the progression of melanoma. The future direction of the field may be to find a molecule that connects all of the pathways. Meanwhile, noncoding RNAs have been shown to play important roles in melanoma development and progression. Studying noncoding RNAs may help us to understand how resistance - both primary and acquired - develops; ultimately allow us to harness the true potential of current therapies. This review will cover the basic structure of the skin, the mutations and pathways responsible for transforming melanocytes into melanomas, the process by which melanomas metastasize, targeted therapeutics, and the potential that noncoding RNAs have as a prognostic and treatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Wagstaff
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rimel N. Mwamba
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Karina Grullon
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mikhayla Armstrong
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Bryce Hendren-Santiago
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin H. Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander J. Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel A. Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew Youssef
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Le Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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16
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Ratkaj I, Mušković M, Malatesti N. Targeting Microenvironment of Melanoma and Head and Neck Cancers
in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3261-3299. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210709113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in comparison to other skin cancers,
is still far less effective for melanoma, due to the strong absorbance and the role of
melanin in cytoprotection. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a significant role in
tumour progression, and the hypoxic TME is one of the main reasons for melanoma progression
to metastasis and its resistance to PDT. Hypoxia is also a feature of solid tumours
in the head and neck region that indicates negative prognosis.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to individuate and describe systematically the main
strategies in targeting the TME, especially hypoxia, in PDT against melanoma and head
and neck cancers (HNC), and assess the current success in their application.
Methods:
PubMed was used for searching, in MEDLINE and other databases, for the
most recent publications on PDT against melanoma and HNC in combination with the
TME targeting and hypoxia.
Results:
In PDT for melanoma and HNC, it is very important to control hypoxia levels,
and amongst the different approaches, oxygen self-supply systems are often applied. Vascular
targeting is promising, but to improve it, optimal drug-light interval, and formulation
to increase the accumulation of the photosensitiser in the tumour vasculature, have to
be established. On the other side, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as those interfering
with VEGF signalling, is somewhat less successful than expected and needs to be
further investigated.
Conclusion:
The combination of PDT with immunotherapy by using multifunctional nanoparticles
continues to develop and seems to be the most promising for achieving a
complete and lasting antitumour effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ratkaj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martina Mušković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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17
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Efficient Delivery of Chlorin e6 by Polyglycerol-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Conjugated Doxorubicin for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3601-3615. [PMID: 34388342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorin e6 (Ce6) is a promising photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the efficacy of Ce6 PDT is limited by Ce6's poor water solubility, rapid blood clearance, and inadequate accumulation in the tumor tissue. This problem is tackled in this work, wherein functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) were used as carriers to deliver Ce6 to melanoma. The IO-NPs were coated with polyglycerol (PG) to afford good aqueous solubility. The chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) was attached to the PG coating via the hydrazone bond to afford affinity to the cell membrane and thereby promote the cell uptake. The hydrophobic nature of DOX also induced the aggregation of IO-NPs to form nanoclusters. Ce6 was then loaded onto the IO nanoclusters through physical adsorption and coordination with surface iron atoms, yielding the final composites IO-PG-DOX-Ce6. In vitro experiments showed that IO-PG-DOX-Ce6 markedly increased Ce6 uptake in mouse melanoma cells, leading to much-enhanced photocytotoxicity characterized by intensified reactive oxygen species production, loss of viability, DNA damage, and stimulation of tumor cell immunogenicity. In vivo experiments corroborated the in vitro findings and demonstrated prolonged blood clearance of IO-PG-DOX-Ce6. Importantly, IO-PG-DOX-Ce6 markedly increased the Ce6 distribution and retention in mouse subcutaneous melanoma grafts and significantly improved the efficacy of Ce6-mediated PDT. No apparent vital organ damage was observed at the same time. In conclusion, the IO-PG-DOX NPs provide a simple and safe delivery platform for efficient tumor enrichment of Ce6, thereby enhancing antimelanoma PDT.
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18
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Castro KADF, Ramos L, Mesquita M, Biazzotto JC, Moura NMM, Mendes RF, Almeida Paz FA, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS, Simões MMQ, Faustino MAF, Jager AV, Nakagaki S, P M S Neves MG, da Silva RS. Comparison of the Photodynamic Action of Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Isobacteriochlorin Derivatives toward a Melanotic Cell Line. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4925-4935. [PMID: 35007041 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, with an abrupt growth of its incidence over the last years. It is extremely resistant to traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but therapies for this cancer are gaining attention. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered an effective modality to treat several types of skin cancers and can offer the possibility to treat one of the most aggressive ones: melanoma. In this work, the effect of PDT on a melanotic cell line (B16F10 cells) was assessed by exposing cultured cells to 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)-20-(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (PS1) and to its chlorin (PS2) and isobacteriochlorin (PS3) corresponding derivatives and red LED light (λ = 660 ± 20 nm). The PDT effect in the cells' viability was measured using the MTT assay. The cell apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry, and the subcellular localization of the photosensitizer was determined by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the ability of PS2 to generate superoxide radicals was qualitatively assessed by tyrosine nitration. The results show that the efficiency of the PDT process is dependent on the structure of the PS and on their ability to produce singlet oxygen. Besides that, the photoactivation efficiency is highly dependent on the cellular sublocalization of the PS and on its cellular uptake and singlet oxygen production. We also found that the resistant cell line B16F10 has distinctive chlorin, isobacteriochlorin, or porphyrin-specific resistance profiles. Furthermore, it is shown that the highly fluorescent chlorin derivative PS2 can also be considered in imaging diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A D F Castro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 SP, Brazil.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Loyanne Ramos
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mesquita
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana Cristina Biazzotto
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 SP, Brazil
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo F Mendes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipe A Almeida Paz
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário M Q Simões
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alessandra Vincenzi Jager
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 SP, Brazil
| | - Shirley Nakagaki
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Paraná, Brazil
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 SP, Brazil
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19
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Liu D, Huang H, Zhao B, Guo W. Natural Melanin-Based Nanoparticles With Combined Chemo/Photothermal/Photodynamic Effect Induce Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) on Tumor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:635858. [PMID: 33681171 PMCID: PMC7935529 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.635858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin, as a natural product, has been used as an extraordinary ingredient for nanomedicine due to its great biocompatibility and light responsive property. In this study, polydopamine (PDA), an analog of melanin, was extracted from dopamine and encapsulated with doxorubicin (DOX). The as-prepared nanoparticles (NPs) with good stability, great biosafety and high near infrared (NIR) responsive property ameliorated the cell uptake of DOX in OS-RC-2/ADR cells, exhibited synergistic chemo/photothermal (PTT)/photodynamic (PDT) effects, induced the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and finally, led to immunogenic cell death (ICD). In general, it was suggested that PDA-DOX NPs with NIR irradiation could serve as a promising agent for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxia Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Dual Encapsulated Dacarbazine and Zinc Phthalocyanine Polymeric Nanoparticle for Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma. Pharm Res 2021; 38:335-346. [PMID: 33604784 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma is an invasive and very aggressive skin cancer due to its multi-drug resistance that results in poor patient survival. There is a need to test new treatment approaches to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects of conventional treatments. METHODS PLA/PVA nanoparticles carrying both Dacarbazine and zinc phthalocyanine was produced by double emulsion technique. The characterization was performed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. In vitro photodynamic therapy test assay using MV3 melanoma cells as a model has been performed. In vitro cell viability (MTT) was performed to measure cell toxicity of of nanoparticles with and without drugs using human endothelial cells as a model. The in vivo assay (biodistribution/tissue deposition) has been performed using radiolabeled PLA/PVA NPs. RESULTS The nanoparticles produced showed a mean diameter of about 259 nm with a spherical shape. The in-vitro photodynamic therapy tests demonstrated that the combination is critical to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and it is dose dependent. The in vitro cell toxicity assay using endothelial cells demonstrated that the drug encapsulated into nanoparticles had no significant toxicity compared to control samples. In-vivo results demonstrated that the drug loading affects the biodistribution of the nanoparticle formulations (NPs). Low accumulation of the NPs into the stomach, heart, brain, and kidneys suggested that common side effects of Dacarbazine could be reduced. CONCLUSION This work reports a robust nanoparticle formulation with the objective to leveraging the synergistic effects of chemo and photodynamic therapies to potentially suppressing the drug resistance and reducing side effects associated with Dacarbazine. The data corroborates that the dual encapsulated NPs showed better in-vitro efficacy when compared with the both compounds alone. The results support the need to have a dual modality NP formulation for melanoma therapy by combining chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy.
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21
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Castro KADF, Costa LD, Prandini JA, Biazzotto JC, Tomé AC, Hamblin MR, da Graça P M S Neves M, Faustino MAF, da Silva RS. The Photosensitizing Efficacy of Micelles Containing a Porphyrinic Photosensitizer and KI against Resistant Melanoma Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:1990-1994. [PMID: 33185284 PMCID: PMC7921759 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative to overcome the resistance of melanoma to conventional therapies. Currently applied photosensitizers (PS) are often based on tetrapyrrolic macrocycles like porphyrins. Unfortunately, in some cases the use of this type of derivative is limited due to their poor solubility in the biological environment. Feasible approaches to surpass this drawback are based on lipid formulations. Besides that, and inspired in the efficacy of potassium iodide (KI) for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), the combined effect of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) with KI was assessed in this work, as an alternative strategy to potentiate the effect of PDT against resistant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A D F Castro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Letícia D Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana A Prandini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Biazzotto
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | | | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Park J, Lee YK, Park IK, Hwang SR. Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:85. [PMID: 33467201 PMCID: PMC7830249 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and clinical tests for second-generation photosensitizers with improved physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, or singlet oxygen quantum yield have been conducted. Progress is also being made in cancer theranostics by using fluorescent signals generated by photosensitizers. In order to obtain the effective cytotoxic effects on the target cells and prevent off-target side effects, photosensitizers need to be localized to the target tissue. The use of nanocarriers combined with photosensitizers can enhance accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor site, owing to preferential extravasation of nanoparticles into the tumor vasculature by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers provide good loading efficiency and sustained release of hydrophobic photosensitizers. In addition, prodrug nanomedicines for PDT can be activated by stimuli in the tumor site. In this review, we introduce current limitations and recent progress in nanomedicine for PDT and discuss the expected future direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Park
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Seung Rim Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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Shao J, Jiang F, Hu M, Mei E, Pan Z, Chen C, Lin L, Zheng T, Cai W, Li Z, Liu J. The role of FOS-mediated autophagy activation in the indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy for treating melanoma. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 214:112101. [PMID: 33316624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of melanoma which accounts for 90% of cutaneous neoplasm-related deaths is growing over the last few decades. Common treatments for melanoma are limited to poor tissue selectivity, high toxicity and drug resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective adjuvant therapy and could be a promising therapy for melanoma. Multiple mechanisms are involved in PDT2 and programmed cell death (PCD) which comprises of autophagy and apoptosis is likely to be a critical one. Whereas, the molecular mechanism and subsequent effect of PDT-induced autophagy in melanoma are still unclear. In this study, we first analyzed gene expression data in the TCGA3 and GEO4 databases to clarify that PDT-induced-autophagy improved the prognosis of melanoma. The expression of FOS which generally defined as an immediate-early gene (IEG) and related to cell autophagy was found significantly elevated after PDT. To further investigate whether FOS played a key role in PDT-induced-autophagy of melanoma, we first determined the optimum concentration of ICG solution for autophagy observation. Then, relative FOS expression was detected at mRNA and protein level and cell autophagy was observed by western blot and flow cytometry. We found that ICG-PDT treatment could significantly elevate FOS expression in SKCM5 B16 cells, and FOS promoted ICG-PDT-induced cell autophagy. To sum up, our data indicated that FOS was involved in ICG-PDT-induced-autophagy in melanoma and furthermore improved the prognosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Shao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Murong Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Enci Mei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhaoqi Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Cunguo Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Lele Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Tianyin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Weiyang Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Pan Z, Fan J, Xie Q, Zhang X, Zhang W, Ren Q, Li M, Zheng Q, Lu J, Li D. Novel sulfonamide porphyrin TBPoS-2OH used in photodynamic therapy for malignant melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111042. [PMID: 33378950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of skin diseases has been receiving much attention. Here, we examined the anti-tumor effect of a novel porphyrin-based photosensitizer TBPoS-2OH in the malignant melanoma A375 and B16 cells. TBPoS-2OH has obvious cell photo-cytotoxicity, but it has low cell dark-cytotoxicity. Further research showed that TBPoS-2OH is enriched in lysosomes after being taken up by cells. Subsequently, the apoptotic rates were significantly increased in TBPoS-2OH-treated A375 and B16 cells. The specific mechanism may be that after receiving light stimulation, TBPoS-2OH could effectively increase the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby activating mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins in A375 and B16 cells. We found an increase in the content of cytochrome C in the cytoplasm, and the levels of related proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved PARP1, were significantly increased in TBPoS-2OH-treated cells. These results indicated that the new compound TBPoS-2OH could be developed and become an alternative drug for the treatment of melanoma. Some reference ideas for the development of new photosensitizers are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Pan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, 9 Science and Technology Avenue, Huaian, 223005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Minjing Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Defang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China.
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25
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Cupido-Sánchez MG, Herrera-González NE, Mendoza CCB, Hernández MLM, Ramón-Gallegos E. In silico analysis of the association of hsa-miR-16 expression and cell survival in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells subjected to photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102106. [PMID: 33217568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy effecting women, and the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is particularly aggressive. This study aimed to evaluate the differential expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) between untreated MDA-MB-231 cells (TNBC cell model) and those that survived photodynamic therapy (PDT) to gain insights into cell survival mechanisms. METHODS Two PDT cycles were applied to MDA-MB-231 cells, using δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) followed by laser light at 635 nm. RNA was obtained from cells surviving PDT and untreated cells. The miRNAs expression profile was analyzed to detect the differences between the two groups. The potential target network of hsa-miR-16 was examined in silico with the integrative database Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis software. RESULTS After the first and second PDT cycles, 17.8% and 49.6% of the MDA-MB-231 cells were viable. Microarray profiling of miRNAs showed decreased hsa-miR-16 expression (p < 0.05) in MDA-MB-231 cells surviving PDT when compared to the control cells. The predicted downstream targets of hsa-miR-16 were: 1) tumor suppressor protein 53; 2) molecules related to the cell cycle, such as cyclin D1, D3, and E1, and checkpoint kinase 1; 3) cell proliferation molecules, including fibroblast growth factor 1, 2 and 7 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; and 4) apoptosis-related molecules, consisting of BCL-2, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, caspase 3, and cytochrome c. CONCLUSIONS The differential expression of hsa-miR-16 between untreated MDA-MB-231 cells and those surviving PDT has not been previously reported. There was a lower expression of hsa-miR-16 in treated cells, which probably altered its downstream target network. In silico analysis predicted, a network related to the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. These results are congruent with previous descriptions of hsa-miR-16 as a tumor suppressor and suggest that the treated population has increased their capacity to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Cupido-Sánchez
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Norma Estela Herrera-González
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Columba Citlalli Barrera Mendoza
- Environmental Cytopathology Lab, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Cda. Manuel Stampa Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07736, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Luisa Morales Hernández
- Environmental Cytopathology Lab, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Cda. Manuel Stampa Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07736, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Environmental Cytopathology Lab, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Cda. Manuel Stampa Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07736, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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26
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Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and a Flagellin-Adjuvanted Cancer Vaccine Potentiated the Anti-PD-1-Mediated Melanoma Suppression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112432. [PMID: 33171765 PMCID: PMC7694978 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors become a standard therapy for malignant melanoma. As immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies proved to have limited efficacy in significant portion of patients, it is envisaged that combination with other therapeutic modalities may improve clinical outcomes. We investigated the effect of combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and TLR5 agonist flagellin-adjuvanted tumor-specific peptide vaccination (FlaB-Vax) on the promotion of PD-1 blockade-mediated melanoma suppression using a mouse B16-F10 implantation model. Using a bilateral mouse melanoma cancer model, we evaluated the potentiation of PD-1 blockade by the combination of peritumoral FlaB-Vax delivery and PDT tumor ablation. A photosensitizing agent, pheophorbide A (PhA), was used for laser-triggered photodynamic destruction of the primary tumor. The effect of combination therapy in conjunction with PD-1 blockade was evaluated for tumor growth and survival. The effector cytokines that promote the activation of CD8+ T cells and antigen-presenting cells in tumor tissue and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) were also assayed. PDT and FlaB-Vax combination therapy induced efficacious systemic antitumor immune responses for local and abscopal tumor control, with a significant increase in tumor-infiltrating effector memory CD8+ T cells and systemic IFNγ secretion. The combination of PDT and FlaB-Vax also enhanced the infiltration of tumor antigen-reactive CD8+ T cells and the accumulation of migratory CXCL10-secreting CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) presumably contributing to tumor antigen cross-presentation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The CD8+ T-cell-dependent therapeutic benefits of PDT combined with FlaB-Vax was significantly enhanced by a PD-1-targeting checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Conclusively, the combination of FlaB-Vax with PDT-mediated tumor ablation would serve a safe and feasible combinatorial therapy for enhancing PD-1 blockade treatment of malignant melanoma.
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27
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Chen W, Goldys EM, Deng W. Light-induced liposomes for cancer therapeutics. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Castro KADF, Costa LD, Guieu S, Biazzotto JC, da Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, da Silva RS, Tomé AC. Photodynamic treatment of melanoma cells using aza-dipyrromethenes as photosensitizers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:885-891. [PMID: 32662457 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time the use of four aza-dipyrromethenes (ADPMs) as photosensitizers for cancer PDT. The synthesis and characterization of the ADPMs and their photodynamic action against B16F10 melanoma cells were assessed. ADPM 2 is the best singlet oxygen generator and the most phototoxic (at 2.5 μM) towards B16F10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A D F Castro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia D Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Samuel Guieu
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal.,CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana C Biazzotto
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto S da Silva
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Li XY, Tan LC, Dong LW, Zhang WQ, Shen XX, Lu X, Zheng H, Lu YG. Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms During Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597. [PMID: 32528867 PMCID: PMC7247862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive malignant skin tumor and arises from melanocytes. The resistance of melanoma cells to various treatments results in rapid tumor growth and high mortality. As a local therapeutic modality, photodynamic therapy has been successfully applied for clinical treatment of skin diseases. Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new treatment method for various types of malignant tumors in humans and, compared to conventional treatment methods, has fewer side effects, and is more accurate and non-invasive. Although several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown encouraging results regarding the potential benefits of photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant treatment for melanoma, its clinical application remains limited owing to its relative inefficiency. This review article discusses the use of photodynamic therapy in melanoma treatment as well as the latest progress made in deciphering the mechanism of tolerance. Lastly, potential targets are identified that may improve photodynamic therapy against melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu-Chang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Wen Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang S, Liu H, Xin J, Rahmanzadeh R, Wang J, Yao C, Zhang Z. Chlorin-Based Photoactivable Galectin-3-Inhibitor Nanoliposome for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy and NK Cell-Related Immunity in Melanoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41829-41841. [PMID: 31617343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an encouraging alternative therapy for melanoma treatment and Ce6-mediated PDT has shown some exciting results in clinical trials. However, PDT in melanoma treatment is still hampered by some melanoma's protective mechanisms like antiapoptosis mechanisms and treatment escape pathways. Combined therapy and enhancing immune stimulation were proposed as effective strategies to overcome this resistance. In this paper, a Chlorin-based photoactivable Galectin-3-inhibitor nanoliposome (PGIL) was designed for enhanced Melanoma PDT and immune activation of Natural Killer (NK) cells. PGIL were synthesized by encapsulating the photosensitizer chlorin e6 and low molecular citrus pectin in the nanoliposome to realize NIR-triggered PDT and low molecular citrus pectin (LCP) release into the cytoplasm. The intracellular release of LCP inhibits the activity of galectin-3, which increases the apoptosis, inhibits the invade ability, and enhances the recognition ability of Natural Killer (NK) cells to tumor cells in melanoma cells after PDT. These effects of PGIL were tested in cells and nude mice, and the mechanisms during the in vivo treatment were preliminarily studied. The results showed that PGIL can be an effective prodrug for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Jing Xin
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Ramtin Rahmanzadeh
- Institute for Biomedical Optics , University of Lübeck , Lübeck 23562 , Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
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31
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Lee EH, Lim SJ, Lee MK. Chitosan-coated liposomes to stabilize and enhance transdermal delivery of indocyanine green for photodynamic therapy of melanoma. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Emerging Perspective: Role of Increased ROS and Redox Imbalance in Skin Carcinogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8127362. [PMID: 31636809 PMCID: PMC6766104 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8127362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to battle malignant tumors have always been a dynamic research endeavour. Although various vehicles (e.g., chemotherapeutic therapy, radiotherapy, surgical resection, etc.) are used for skin cancer management, they mostly remain unsatisfactory due to the complex mechanism of carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that redox imbalance and aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely implicated in the oncogenesis of skin cancer. When ROS production goes beyond their clearance, excessive or accumulated ROS could disrupt redox balance, induce oxidative stress, and activate the altered ROS signals. These would damage cellular DNA, proteins, and lipids, further leading to gene mutation, cell hyperproliferation, and fatal lesions in cells that contribute to carcinogenesis in the skin. It has been known that ROS-mediated skin carcinogenesis involves multiple ways, including modulating related signaling pathways, changing cell metabolism, and causing the instability of the genome and epigenome. Nevertheless, the exact role of ROS in skin cancer has not been thoroughly elucidated. In spite of ROS inducing skin carcinogenesis, toxic-dose ROS could trigger cell death/apoptosis and, therefore, may be an efficient therapeutic tool to battle skin cancer. Considering the dual role of ROS in the carcinogenesis and treatment of skin cancer, it would be essential to clarify the relationship between ROS and skin cancer. Thus, in this review, we get the related data together to seek the connection between ROS and skin carcinogenesis. Besides, strategies basing on ROS to fight skin cancer are discussed.
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Korkina LG. Current Trends in Medicinal Chemistry of Photoprotection and Phototherapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5466-5468. [PMID: 30704377 DOI: 10.2174/092986732540181120104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila G Korkina
- Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations NANOLAB (CIBI-NANOLAB) Moscow, Russian Federation
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