1
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Sudewi S, Sai Sashank PV, Kamaraj R, Zulfajri M, Huang GG. Understanding Antibiotic Detection with Fluorescence Quantum Dots: A Review. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03743-4. [PMID: 38771407 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of fluorescent quantum dots (FL QDs) has gained significant traction in the realm of antibiotic detection, owing to their exceptional FL properties and versatility. Various types of QDs have been tailored to exhibit superior FL characteristics, employing diverse capping agents such as metals, surfactants, polymers, and biomass to protect and stabilize their surfaces. In their evolution, FL QDs have demonstrated both "turn-off" and "turn-on" mechanisms in response to the presence of analytes, offering promising avenues for biosensing applications. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in antibiotic detection utilizing FL QDs as biosensors. It encompasses an extensive examination of different types of FL QDs, including carbon, metal, and core-shell QDs, deployed for the detection of antibiotics. Furthermore, the synthesis methods employed for the fabrication of various FL QDs are elucidated, shedding light on the diverse approaches adopted in their preparation. Moreover, this review delves into the intricate sensing mechanisms underlying FL QDs-based antibiotic detection. Various mechanisms, such as photoinduced electron transfer, electron transfer, charge transfer, Forster resonance energy transfer, static quenching, dynamic quenching, inner filter effect, hydrogen bonding, and aggregation-induced emission, are discussed in detail. These mechanisms provide a robust scientific rationale for the detection of antibiotics using FL QDs, showcasing their potential for sensitive and selective sensing applications. Finally, the review addresses current challenges and offers perspectives on the future improvement of FL QDs in sensing applications. Insights into overcoming existing limitations and harnessing emerging technologies are provided, charting a course for the continued advancement of FL QDs-based biosensing platforms in the field of antibiotic detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Sudewi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado, 95115, Indonesia
| | - Penki Venkata Sai Sashank
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Rajiv Kamaraj
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Zulfajri
- Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23245, Indonesia.
| | - Genin Gary Huang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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2
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Yudhawati R, Wicaksono NF. Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:761. [PMID: 38672119 PMCID: PMC11048665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is reported as one of the infectious diseases that leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system is the first line of defence against microbial invasion; however, its dysregulation during infection, resulting in an increased pathogen load, stimulates the over-secretion of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This phenomenon causes damage to the epithelial-endothelial barrier of the pulmonary alveoli and the leakage of the intravascular protein into the alveolar lumen. Fluoroquinolones are synthetic antimicrobial agents with immunomodulatory properties that can inhibit bacterial proliferation as well as exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. It has been demonstrated that the structure of fluoroquinolones, particularly those with a cyclopropyl group, exerts immunomodulatory effects. Its capability to inhibit phosphodiesterase activity leads to the accumulation of intracellular cAMP, which subsequently enhances PKA activity, resulting in the inhibition of transcriptional factor NF-κB and the activation of CREB. Another mechanism reported is the inhibition of TLR and ERK signalling pathways. Although the sequence of events has not been completely understood, significant progress has been made in comprehending the specific mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of fluoroquinolones. Here, we review the indirect immunomodulatory effects of FQs as an alternative to empirical therapy in patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resti Yudhawati
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60015, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
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3
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Toyting J, Miura N, Utrarachkij F, Tanomsridachchai W, Belotindos LP, Suwanthada P, Kapalamula TF, Kongsoi S, Koide K, Kim H, Thapa J, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. Exploration of the novel fluoroquinolones with high inhibitory effect against quinolone-resistant DNA gyrase of Salmonella Typhimurium. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0133023. [PMID: 37795999 PMCID: PMC10715191 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01330-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Quinolone-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella is a pressing public health concern, demanding the exploration of novel treatments. In this study, we focused on two innovative synthetic fluoroquinolones, WQ-3034 and WQ-3154. Our findings revealed that these new compounds demonstrate potent inhibitory effects, even against mutant strains that cause resistance to existing quinolones. Hence, WQ-3034 and WQ-3154 could potentially be effective therapeutic agents against quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Furthermore, the data obtained in this study will be baseline information for antimicrobial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirachaya Toyting
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nami Miura
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wimonrat Tanomsridachchai
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lawrence P. Belotindos
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Research and Development Division, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool Science City of Munoz, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Pondpan Suwanthada
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research & Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research & Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Lv C, Yang J, Zhao L, Zou Z, Kang C, Zhang Q, Wu C, Yang L, Cheng C, Zhao Y, Liao Q, Hu X, Li C, Sun X, Jin M. Bacillus subtilis partially inhibits African swine fever virus infection in vivo and in vitro based on its metabolites arctiin and genistein interfering with the function of viral topoisomerase II. J Virol 2023; 97:e0071923. [PMID: 37929962 PMCID: PMC10688316 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00719-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly fatal swine disease that severely affects the pig industry. Although ASFV has been prevalent for more than 100 years, effective vaccines or antiviral strategies are still lacking. In this study, we identified four Bacillus subtilis strains that inhibited ASFV proliferation in vitro. Pigs fed with liquid biologics or powders derived from four B. subtilis strains mixed with pellet feed showed reduced morbidity and mortality when challenged with ASFV. Further analysis showed that the antiviral activity of B. subtilis was based on its metabolites arctiin and genistein interfering with the function of viral topoisomerase II. Our findings offer a promising new strategy for the prevention and control of ASFV that may significantly alleviate the economic losses in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Zou
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuxing Cheng
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Mohammed HHH, Ali DME, Badr M, Habib AGK, Mahmoud AM, Farhan SM, Gany SSHAE, Mohamad SA, Hayallah AM, Abbas SH, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Synthesis and molecular docking of new N4-piperazinyl ciprofloxacin hybrids as antimicrobial DNA gyrase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1751-1765. [PMID: 36152132 PMCID: PMC10415461 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-4 piperazinyl ciprofloxacin derivatives as urea-tethered ciprofloxacin-chalcone hybrids 2a-j and thioacetyl-linked ciprofloxacin-pyrimidine hybrids 5a-i were synthesized. The target compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans strains, respectively. Ciprofloxacin derivatives 2a-j and 5a-i revealed broad antibacterial activity against either Gram positive or Gram negative strains, with MIC range of 0.06-42.23 µg/mL compared to ciprofloxacin with an MIC range of 0.15-3.25 µg/mL. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 2b, 2c, 5a, 5b, 5h, and 5i exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC range of 0.06-1.53 µg/mL against the tested bacterial strains. On the other hand, compounds 2c, 2e, 5c, and 5e showed comparable antifungal activity to ketoconazole against candida albicans with MIC range of 2.03-3.89 µg/mL and 2.6 µg/mL, respectively. Further investigations showed that some ciprofloxacin hybrids have inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase as potential molecular target compared to ciprofloxacin with IC50 range of 0.231 ± 0.01-7.592 ± 0.40 µM and 0.323 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Docking studies of compounds 2b, 2c, 5b, 5c, 5e, 5h, and 5i on the active site of DNA gyrase (PDB: 2XCT) confirmed their ability to form stable complex with the target enzyme like that of ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada H H Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, 61768, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G K Habib
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Abobakr Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, 61768, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Farhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, 61768, Egypt
| | | | - Soad A Mohamad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minya, 61768, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, El Fateh, 71526, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, 61768, Egypt.
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6
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Baran A, Kwiatkowska A, Potocki L. Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance-A Short Story of an Endless Arms Race. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065777. [PMID: 36982857 PMCID: PMC10056106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the undisputed development of medicine, antibiotics still serve as first-choice drugs for patients with infectious disorders. The widespread use of antibiotics results from a wide spectrum of their actions encompassing mechanisms responsible for: the inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, the disruption of cell membrane integrity, the suppression of nucleic acids and/or proteins synthesis, as well as disturbances of metabolic processes. However, the widespread availability of antibiotics, accompanied by their overprescription, acts as a double-edged sword, since the overuse and/or misuse of antibiotics leads to a growing number of multidrug-resistant microbes. This, in turn, has recently emerged as a global public health challenge facing both clinicians and their patients. In addition to intrinsic resistance, bacteria can acquire resistance to particular antimicrobial agents through the transfer of genetic material conferring resistance. Amongst the most common bacterial resistance strategies are: drug target site changes, increased cell wall permeability to antibiotics, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps. A better understanding of the interplay between the mechanisms of antibiotic actions and bacterial defense strategies against particular antimicrobial agents is crucial for developing new drugs or drug combinations. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the current nanomedicine-based strategies that aim to improve the efficacy of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Baran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, ul. Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Leszek Potocki
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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7
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Zhai Y, Minnick PJ, Pribis JP, Garcia-Villada L, Hastings PJ, Herman C, Rosenberg SM. ppGpp and RNA-polymerase backtracking guide antibiotic-induced mutable gambler cells. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1298-1310.e4. [PMID: 36965481 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat and often results from new mutations. Antibiotics can induce mutations via mechanisms activated by stress responses, which both reveal environmental cues of mutagenesis and are weak links in mutagenesis networks. Network inhibition could slow the evolution of resistance during antibiotic therapies. Despite its pivotal importance, few identities and fewer functions of stress responses in mutagenesis are clear. Here, we identify the Escherichia coli stringent starvation response in fluoroquinolone-antibiotic ciprofloxacin-induced mutagenesis. Binding of response-activator ppGpp to RNA polymerase (RNAP) at two sites leads to an antibiotic-induced mutable gambler-cell subpopulation. Each activates a stress response required for mutagenic DNA-break repair: surprisingly, ppGpp-site-1-RNAP triggers the DNA-damage response, and ppGpp-site-2-RNAP induces σS-response activity. We propose that RNAP regulates DNA-damage processing in transcribed regions. The data demonstrate a critical node in ciprofloxacin-induced mutagenesis, imply RNAP-regulation of DNA-break repair, and identify promising targets for resistance-resisting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P J Minnick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John P Pribis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Libertad Garcia-Villada
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P J Hastings
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christophe Herman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Susan M Rosenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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8
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Dhiman S, Ramirez D, Li Y, Kumar A, Arthur G, Schweizer F. Chimeric Tobramycin-Based Adjuvant TOB-TOB-CIP Potentiates Fluoroquinolone and β-Lactam Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:864-885. [PMID: 36917096 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. Of particular importance are infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for which limited treatment options exist. Multiple and simultaneously occurring resistance mechanisms including outer membrane impermeability, overexpression of efflux pumps, antibiotic-modifying enzymes, and modification of genes and antibiotic targets have made antibiotic drug development more difficult against these pathogens. One strategy to cope with these challenges is the use of outer membrane permeabilizers that increase the intracellular concentration of antibiotics when used in combination. In some circumstances, this approach can rescue antibiotics from resistance or repurpose currently marketed antibiotics. Tobramycin-based hybrid antibiotic adjuvants that combine two outer membrane-active components have been previously shown to potentiate antibiotics by facilitating transit through the outer membrane, resulting in increased antibiotic accumulation within the cell. Herein, we extended the concept of tobramycin-based hybrid antibiotic adjuvants to tobramycin-based chimeras by engineering up to three different membrane-active antibiotic warheads such as tobramycin, 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine, ciprofloxacin, and cyclam into a central 1,3,5-triazine scaffold. Chimera 4 (TOB-TOB-CIP) consistently synergized with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin against wild-type and fluoroquinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the susceptibility breakpoints of ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem were reached using the triple combination of chimera 4 with ceftazidime/avibactam, aztreonam/avibactam, and imipenem/relebactam, respectively, against β-lactamase-harboring P. aeruginosa. Our findings demonstrate that tobramycin-based chimeras form a novel class of antibiotic potentiators capable of restoring the activity of antibiotics against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danyel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gilbert Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
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9
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Liu Z, Zhang L, Song Q, Song H, Xu Y, Lu J, Xu Q, Tang Y, Liu Y, Wang G, Lin X. Quantitative Proteomics Reveal the Inherent Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism against Norfloxacin Resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1193-1200. [PMID: 36856436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophila antibiotic-resistant strains has been reported in aquaculture, but its intrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, a label-free proteomics technology was used to compare the differential protein abundances in response to norfloxacin (NOR) stress in A. hydrophila. The results showed that there were 186 proteins decreasing and 220 proteins increasing abundances in response to NOR stress. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in several biological processes, such as sulfur metabolism and homologous recombination. Furthermore, the antibiotic sensitivity assays showed that the deletion of AHA_0904, cirA, and cysI significantly decreased the resistance against NOR, whereas ΔAHA_1239, ΔcysA, ΔcysD, and ΔcysN significantly increased the resistance against NOR. Our results provide insights into NOR resistance mechanisms and indicate that AHA_0904, cirA, AHA_1239, and sulfur metabolism may play important roles in NOR resistance in A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiu Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingli Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunqi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinlian Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiaozhen Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuze Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangmin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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10
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Carter HE, Wildman B, Schwanz HA, Kerns RJ, Aldred KJ. Role of the Water-Metal Ion Bridge in Quinolone Interactions with Escherichia coli Gyrase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2879. [PMID: 36769202 PMCID: PMC9917921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are an important class of antibacterials, and rising levels of resistance threaten their clinical efficacy. Gaining a more full understanding of their mechanism of action against their target enzymes-the bacterial type II topoisomerases gyrase and topoisomerase IV-may allow us to rationally design quinolone-based drugs that overcome resistance. As a step toward this goal, we investigated whether the water-metal ion bridge that has been found to mediate the major point of interaction between Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV and Bacillus anthracis topoisomerase IV and gyrase, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase, exists in E. coli gyrase. This is the first investigation of the water-metal ion bridge and its function in a Gram-negative gyrase. Evidence suggests that the water-metal ion bridge does exist in quinolone interactions with this enzyme and, unlike the Gram-positive B. anthracis gyrase, does use both conserved residues (serine and acidic) as bridge anchors. Furthermore, this interaction appears to play a positioning role. These findings raise the possibility that the water-metal ion bridge is a universal point of interaction between quinolones and type II topoisomerases and that it functions primarily as a binding contact in Gram-positive species and primarily as a positioning interaction in Gram-negative species. Future studies will explore this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Carter
- Biology Department, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722, USA
| | - Baylee Wildman
- Biology Department, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722, USA
| | - Heidi A. Schwanz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 42232, USA
| | - Robert J. Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 42232, USA
| | - Katie J. Aldred
- Biology Department, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722, USA
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11
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Xie M, Gao M, Yun Y, Malmsten M, Rotello VM, Zboril R, Akhavan O, Kraskouski A, Amalraj J, Cai X, Lu J, Zheng H, Li R. Antibacterial Nanomaterials: Mechanisms, Impacts on Antimicrobial Resistance and Design Principles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217345. [PMID: 36718001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to the environment and health. AMR rapidly invalidates conventional antibiotics, and antimicrobial nanomaterials have been increasingly explored as alternatives. Interestingly, several antimicrobial nanomaterials show AMR-independent antimicrobial effects without detectable new resistance and have therefore been suggested to prevent AMR evolution. In contrast, some are found to trigger the evolution of AMR. Given these seemingly conflicting findings, a timely discussion of the two faces of antimicrobial nanomaterials is urgently needed. This review systematically compares the killing mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of antibiotics and antimicrobial nanomaterials. We then focus on nano-microbe interactions to elucidate the impacts of molecular initiating events on AMR evolution. Finally, we provide an outlook on future antimicrobial nanomaterials and propose design principles for the prevention of AMR evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, USA
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.,Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Condensed Matter National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1956838861, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliaksandr Kraskouski
- Department of Physicochemistry of Thin Film Materials, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of NAS of Belarus, 36 F. Skaryna Str., 220084, Minsk, Belarus
| | - John Amalraj
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, National Center for International Research on Intelligent Nano-Materials and Detection Technology in Environmental Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huizhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Spencer AC, Panda SS. DNA Gyrase as a Target for Quinolones. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020371. [PMID: 36830908 PMCID: PMC9953508 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils to DNA substrates and is a clinically-relevant target for the development of new antibacterials. DNA gyrase is one of the primary targets of quinolones, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents and are used as a first-line drug for various types of infections. However, currently used quinolones are becoming less effective due to drug resistance. Common resistance comes in the form of mutation in enzyme targets, with this type being the most clinically relevant. Additional mechanisms, conducive to quinolone resistance, are arbitrated by chromosomal mutations and/or plasmid-gene uptake that can alter quinolone cellular concentration and interaction with the target, or affect drug metabolism. Significant synthetic strategies have been employed to modify the quinolone scaffold and/or develop novel quinolones to overcome the resistance problem. This review discusses the development of quinolone antibiotics targeting DNA gyrase to overcome bacterial resistance and reduce toxicity. Moreover, structural activity relationship (SAR) data included in this review could be useful for the development of future generations of quinolone antibiotics.
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13
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Liu Y, Deng Y, Li S, Wang-Ngai Chow F, Liu M, He N. Monitoring and detection of antibiotic residues in animal derived foods: Solutions using aptamers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Mechanisms of evolution and evolution of antibiotic resistance are both fundamental and world health problems. Stress-induced mutagenesis defines mechanisms of mutagenesis upregulated by stress responses, which drive adaptation when cells are maladapted to their environments—when stressed. Work in mutagenesis induced by antibiotics had produced tantalizing clues but not coherent mechanisms. We review recent advances in antibiotic-induced mutagenesis that integrate how reactive oxygen species (ROS), the SOS and general stress responses, and multichromosome cells orchestrate a stress response-induced switch from high-fidelity to mutagenic repair of DNA breaks. Moreover, while sibling cells stay stable, a mutable “gambler” cell subpopulation is induced by differentially generated ROS, which signal the general stress response. We discuss other evolvable subpopulations and consider diverse evolution-promoting molecules as potential targets for drugs to slow evolution of antibiotic resistance, cross-resistance, and immune evasion. An FDA-approved drug exemplifies “stealth” evolution-slowing drugs that avoid selecting resistance to themselves or antibiotics.
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15
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Alla K, Vijayakumar V, Sarveswari S. Synthesis and In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Quinolone Based 2-Arylamino Pyrimidines. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2056209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Sarveswari
- Department of Chemistry, VIT, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
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16
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Saini M, Das R, Mehta DK, Chauhan S. Styrylquinolines Derivatives: SAR study and Synthetic Approaches. Med Chem 2022; 18:859-870. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220214085856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
In the present-day scenario, heterocyclic derivatives have revealed the primary function of various medicinal agents precious for humanity. Out of a diverse range of heterocycles, Styrylquinolines scaffolds have been proved to play an essential role in a broad range of biological activities, includinganti-HIV-1, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer activity with antiproliferative effects on tumor cell lines.
Due to the immense pharmacological importance, distinct synthetic methods have been executed to attain new drug entities from Styrylquinolines. Various schemes for synthesizing Styrylquinolines derivatives like one-pot, ultrasound-promoted heterogeneous acid-catalysed, microwave-assisted, solvent-free, and green synthesis were discussed in the present review. Some products of Styrylquinolines are in clinical trials, and patents are also granted for the novel synthesis of Styrylquinolines. According to the structure-activity relationship, replacement at the R-7 and R-8 positions is required for various activities.
In this review, recent synthetic approaches in the medicinal chemistry of Styrylquinolines and potent Styrylquinolines derivatives based on structural activity relationships (SAR) are outlined. Moreover, their primary methods and modifications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Saini
- MM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Hr, India
| | - Rina Das
- MM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Hr, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- MM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Hr, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- MM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Hr, India
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17
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Guo Q, Zhang RF, Hua XW, Li QL, Du XM, Ru J, Ma CL. Syntheses, structures, in vitro cytostatic activity and antifungal activity evaluation of four diorganotin( iv) complexes based on norfloxacin and levofloxacin. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four organotin(iv) complexes have been designed and synthesized from the reactions of R2SnO (R = Me, Ph) with the corresponding ligands norfloxacin and levofloxacin. And the cytostatic and antifungal activity test have been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ru-Fen Zhang
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Xue-Wen Hua
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, 252000, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Qian-Li Li
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Du
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Jing Ru
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Chun-Lin Ma
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
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18
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Solid-state synthesis of the phyllosilicate Effenbergerite (BaCuSi4O10) for electrochemical sensing of ciprofloxacin antibiotic in pharmaceutical drug formulation. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Aziz HA, El-Saghier AMM, Badr M, Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Shoman ME. Thiazolidine-2,4-dione-linked ciprofloxacin derivatives with broad-spectrum antibacterial, MRSA and topoisomerase inhibitory activities. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1743-1759. [PMID: 34455532 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of ciprofloxacin/thiazolidine-2,4-dione hybrids 3a-m were prepared and identified by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity results of the designed hybrids revealed a shift of spectrum toward Gram-positive bacteria. They exhibited excellent activity against S. aureus ATCC 6538, with the most potent compounds being 3a, 3e, 3g, 3i, 3k, 3l and 3m possessing MICs of 0.02, 2.03, 0.64, 0.35, 1.04, 0.22 and 0.36 µM, respectively, compared to their parent compound ciprofloxacin (MIC: 5.49 µM). They also showed interesting activity against MRSA AUMC 261 with 3a, 3e and 3l showing MIC values of 5 nM. Reduced activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria with compound 3l exhibiting a slightly higher activity against K. pneumoniae ATCC10031 with a MIC value of 0. 08 µM. Mechanistically, the incorporation of thiazolidine-2,4-dione ring into ciprofloxacin retained its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis via inhibiting both topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase of S. aureus. Compounds 3a, 3l and 3m were more potent than ciprofloxacin for topoisomerase IV (IC50 = 0.3-1.9 μM) and gyrase (IC50 = 0.22-0.31 µM) inhibition, which coincide with their antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 6538. Docking against DNA gyrase active site confirmed the ability of the tested compounds to form stable complexes with the enzyme; like that of ciprofloxacin, 3a, 3i, 3k, 3m and 3l reconsidered promising broad-spectrum antibacterial agents targeting topoisomerase IV and gyrase enzymes and have good activity against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossameldin A Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.,Sohag Cancer Center, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
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20
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Abdel-Aal MAA, Shaykoon MSA, Abuo-Rahma GEDAA, Mohamed MFA, Badr M, Abdel-Aziz SA. Synthesis, antitumor, antibacterial and urease inhibitory evaluation of new piperazinyl N-4 carbamoyl functionalized ciprofloxacin derivatives. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:891-906. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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The Not-So-Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in Antibiotic Research: An Interdisciplinary Opportunity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010019. [PMID: 33379290 PMCID: PMC7824619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Literary-rhetorical devices like figurative language and analogy can help explain concepts that exceed our capacity to grasp intuitively. It is not surprising these devices are used to discuss virulence, pathogenesis, and antibiotics. Allusions to Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde seem to be used with particular frequency in research pertaining to pathogens, especially in studies contemporary with our evolving understanding of antibiotic resistance. More recent references to the text have appeared in research parsing definitions of virulence and acknowledging the role of anti-virulence in future therapeutics. While it is obvious that scientists invoke Stevenson’s story for stylistic purposes, its use could go beyond the stylistic—and might even generate rhetorical and imaginative possibilities for framing research. This perspective discusses the first published allusion to Jekyll and Hyde in reference to virulence and pathogenesis; comments on a select number of specific instances of Jekyll and Hyde in contemporary scientific literature; briefly contextualizes the novel; and concludes with the implications of a more productive engagement with humanistic disciplines in the face of antibiotic resistance.
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22
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Kirk R, Ratcliffe A, Noonan G, Uosis-Martin M, Lyth D, Bardell-Cox O, Massam J, Schofield P, Hindley S, Jones DR, Maclean J, Smith A, Savage V, Mohmed S, Charrier C, Salisbury AM, Moyo E, Metzger R, Chalam-Judge N, Cheung J, Stokes NR, Best S, Craighead M, Armer R, Huxley A. Rational design, synthesis and testing of novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitors for the treatment of bacterial infections part 1. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1366-1378. [PMID: 34095844 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming reduction in drug effectiveness against bacterial infections has created an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents that circumvent bacterial resistance mechanisms. We report here a series of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors that demonstrate potent activity against a range of Gram-positive and selected Gram-negative organisms, including clinically-relevant and drug-resistant strains. In part 1, we present a detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis that led to the discovery of our previously disclosed compound, REDX05931, which has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.06 μg mL-1 against fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Although in vitro hERG and CYP inhibition precluded further development, it validates a rational design approach to address this urgent unmet medical need and provides a scaffold for further optimisation, which is presented in part 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kirk
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Ratcliffe
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - G Noonan
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - M Uosis-Martin
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - D Lyth
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - O Bardell-Cox
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Massam
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - P Schofield
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Hindley
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - D R Jones
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Maclean
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Smith
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - V Savage
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Mohmed
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - C Charrier
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A-M Salisbury
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - E Moyo
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - R Metzger
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - N Chalam-Judge
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Cheung
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - N R Stokes
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Best
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - M Craighead
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - R Armer
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Huxley
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
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23
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Design, synthesis, molecular docking study, and antibacterial evaluation of some new fluoroquinolone analogues bearing a quinazolinone moiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:661-672. [PMID: 33030668 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing bacterial resistance to quinolones is concerning. Hence, the development of novel quinolones by chemical modifications to overcome quinolone resistance is an attractive perspective in this context. OBJECTIVE In this study, it is aimed to design and synthesize a novel series of functionalized fluoroquinolones using ciprofloxacin and sarafloxacin cores by hybridization of quinazolinone derivatives. This objective was tested by a comprehensive set of in vitro antibacterial assays in addition to SAR (structure-activity relationship) characterisation studies. METHODS A nucleophilic reaction of ciprofloxacin and sarafloxacin with 2-(chloromethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one in the presence of NaHCO3 in dimethylformamide (DMF) was performed to obtain the desired compounds 5a-j. Novel compounds were characterised by 1H, 13C- NMR and IR spectroscopy, MS and elemental analysis. In silico pharmacokinetics prediction assays and molecular docking studies were performed to explore the binding characteristics and interactions. Antibacterial activities of the novel compounds were evaluated by Broth microdilution, well diffusion and disc diffusion assays against three gram-positive (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and three gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli). RESULTS The compounds exhibited moderate to good activities against gram-positive bacteria and weak to moderate activities against gram-negative bacteria. Amongst all ciprofloxacin-derivatives, compound 5d was the most potent agent with high antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA and S. aureus ((minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 16 nM for both), that is 60 times more potent than ciprofloxacin as parent drug. Compound 5i from sarafloxacin-derivatives was the most potent compound against MRSA and S. aureus (MIC = 0.125 μM). Well diffusion and disk diffusion assay results demonstrated confirmatory outcomes for the quantitative broth microdilution assay. Molecular docking study results were in accordance with the results of antibacterial activity assays. CONCLUSION The results of the current study demonstrated that the novel ciprofloxacin and sarafloxacin derivatives synthesized here have promising antibacterial activities. Particularly, compounds 5d and 5i have potential for wider antibacterial applications following further analysis.
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24
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Laws M, Hind C, Favaron A, Jamshidi S, Evans B, Clifford M, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. N1-Benzofused Modification of Fluoroquinolones Reduces Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11923-11934. [PMID: 32548371 PMCID: PMC7271024 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics has a well-established structure-activity relationship (SAR) and a long history in the clinic, but the effect of electron-rich benzofused substituents at the N1 position remains poorly explored. Because groups at this position are part of the topoisomerase-DNA binding complex and form a hydrophobic interaction with the major groove of DNA, it was hypothesized that an electron-rich benzofused N1 substituent could enhance this interaction. Molecular modeling techniques were employed to evaluate the binding of certain N1-modified fluoroquinolones to DNA gyrase targets from both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae species compared with ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Seven N1-modified fluoroquinolones were subsequently synthesized and tested against a panel of Gram-negative pathogens to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Gram-negative outer membrane penetration was investigated using the membrane permeabilizer polymyxin B nonapeptide and compound efflux via resistance-nodulation-division-family efflux transporters was evaluated using the known efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide. Additionally, the target inhibitory activity of representative compound 6e was determined in a cell-free environment. A correlation between N1 substituent hydrophobicity and activity was observed across the MIC panel, with compound activity decreasing with increased hydrophobicity. Those compounds with highest hydrophobicity were inactive because of poor solubility profiles whereas compounds with intermediate hydrophobicity were inactive because of impaired outer membrane penetration, and reduced inhibition of topoisomerase targets, the latter in contrast to modeling predictions. This study adds new information to the fluoroquinolone SAR and suggests limited utility of large hydrophobic substituents at the N1 position of fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laws
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Charlotte Hind
- Public
Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development
Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - Andrea Favaron
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Bonnie Evans
- Public
Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development
Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Public
Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development
Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Public
Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development
Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
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Tiwari PB, Chapagain PP, Seddek A, Annamalai T, Üren A, Tse-Dinh YC. Covalent Complex of DNA and Bacterial Topoisomerase: Implications in Antibacterial Drug Development. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:623-631. [PMID: 32043806 PMCID: PMC7133791 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A topoisomerase-DNA transient covalent complex can be a druggable target for novel topoisomerase poison inhibitors that represent a new class of antibacterial or anticancer drugs. Herein, we have investigated molecular features of the functionally important Escherichia coli topoisomerase I (EctopoI)-DNA covalent complex (EctopoIcc) for molecular simulations, which is very useful in the development of new antibacterial drugs. To demonstrate the usefulness of our approach, we used a model small molecule (SM), NSC76027, obtained from virtual screening. We examined the direct binding of NSC76027 to EctopoI as well as inhibition of EctopoI relaxation activity of this SM via experimental techniques. We then performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the dynamics and stability of EctopoIcc and EctopoI-NSC76027-DNA ternary complex. Our simulation results show that NSC76027 forms a stable ternary complex with EctopoIcc. EctopoI investigated here also serves as a model system for investigating a complex of topoisomerase and DNA in which DNA is covalently attached to the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prem P Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular sciences institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ahmed Seddek
- Biomolecular sciences institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Annamalai
- Biomolecular sciences institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
- Biomolecular sciences institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Second-generation 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[ d]thiazoles as novel DNA gyrase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:277-297. [PMID: 32043377 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are essential bacterial enzymes, and in the fight against bacterial resistance, they are important targets for the development of novel antibacterial drugs. Results: Building from our first generation of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-based DNA gyrase inhibitors, we designed and prepared an optimized series of analogs that show improved inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Importantly, these inhibitors also show improved antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains. Conclusion: The most promising inhibitor, 29, is active against Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and S. aureus wild-type and resistant strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 4 and 8 μg/ml, which represents good starting point for development of novel antibacterials.
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Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010092. [PMID: 31941152 PMCID: PMC7017377 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been adapted to generate genome-wide maps and sequence context of binding and cleavage of DNA topoisomerases (topos). Continuous refinements of these techniques have resulted in the acquisition of data with unprecedented depth and resolution, which has shed new light on in vivo topo behavior. Topos regulate DNA topology through the formation of reversible single- or double-stranded DNA breaks. Topo activity is critical for DNA metabolism in general, and in particular to support transcription and replication. However, the binding and activity of topos over the genome in vivo was difficult to study until the advent of NGS. Over and above traditional chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq approaches that probe protein binding, the unique formation of covalent protein–DNA linkages associated with DNA cleavage by topos affords the ability to probe cleavage and, by extension, activity over the genome. NGS platforms have facilitated genome-wide studies mapping the behavior of topos in vivo, how the behavior varies among species and how inhibitors affect cleavage. Many NGS approaches achieve nucleotide resolution of topo binding and cleavage sites, imparting an extent of information not previously attainable. We review the development of NGS approaches to probe topo interactions over the genome in vivo and highlight general conclusions and quandaries that have arisen from this rapidly advancing field of topoisomerase research.
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Gibson EG, Oviatt AA, Cacho M, Neuman KC, Chan PF, Osheroff N. Bimodal Actions of a Naphthyridone/Aminopiperidine-Based Antibacterial That Targets Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4447-4455. [PMID: 31617352 PMCID: PMC7450530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gyrase and topoisomerase IV are the targets of fluoroquinolone antibacterials. However, the rise in antimicrobial resistance has undermined the clinical use of this important drug class. Therefore, it is critical to identify new agents that maintain activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. One approach is to develop non-fluoroquinolone drugs that also target gyrase and topoisomerase IV but interact differently with the enzymes. This has led to the development of the "novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor" (NBTI) class of antibacterials. Despite the clinical potential of NBTIs, there is a relative paucity of data describing their mechanism of action against bacterial type II topoisomerases. Consequently, we characterized the activity of GSK126, a naphthyridone/aminopiperidine-based NBTI, against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial type II topoisomerases, including gyrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gyrase and topoisomerase IV from Bacillus anthracis and Escherichia coli. GSK126 enhanced single-stranded DNA cleavage and suppressed double-stranded cleavage mediated by these enzymes. It was also a potent inhibitor of gyrase-catalyzed DNA supercoiling and topoisomerase IV-catalyzed decatenation. Thus, GSK126 displays a similar bimodal mechanism of action across a variety of species. In contrast, GSK126 displayed a variable ability to overcome fluoroquinolone resistance mutations across these same species. Our results suggest that NBTIs elicit their antibacterial effects by two different mechanisms: inhibition of gyrase/topoisomerase IV catalytic activity or enhancement of enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage. Furthermore, the relative importance of these two mechanisms appears to differ from species to species. Therefore, we propose that the mechanistic basis for the antibacterial properties of NBTIs is bimodal in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Alexandria A. Oviatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Monica Cacho
- Department of Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Calle de Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, United States
| | - Pan F. Chan
- Infectious Diseases Discovery, Medicines Opportunities Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
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30
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Pham TDM, Ziora ZM, Blaskovich MAT. Quinolone antibiotics. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1719-1739. [PMID: 31803393 PMCID: PMC6836748 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00120d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The quinolone antibiotics arose in the early 1960s, with the first examples possessing a narrow-spectrum of activity with unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Over time, the development of new quinolone antibiotics has led to improved analogues with an expanded spectrum and high efficacy. Nowadays, quinolones are widely used for treating a variety of infections. Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including mycobacteria, and anaerobes. They exert their actions by inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis through disrupting the enzymes topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase, and by causing breakage of bacterial chromosomes. However, bacteria have acquired resistance to quinolones, similar to other antibacterial agents, due to the overuse of these drugs. Mechanisms contributing to quinolone resistance are mediated by chromosomal mutations and/or plasmid gene uptake that alter the topoisomerase targets, modify the quinolone, and/or reduce drug accumulation by either decreased uptake or increased efflux. This review discusses the development of this class of antibiotics in terms of potency, pharmacokinetics and toxicity, along with the resistance mechanisms which reduce the quinolones' activity against pathogens. Potential strategies for future generations of quinolone antibiotics with enhanced activity against resistant strains are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu D M Pham
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
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Synthesis, molecular docking, antimicrobial evaluation, and DNA cleavage assay of new thiadiazole/oxadiazole ciprofloxacin derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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DNA double-strand break formation and repair as targets for novel antibiotic combination chemotherapy. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO411. [PMID: 31534779 PMCID: PMC6745595 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unrepaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) is lethal to cells. In bacteria, DSBs are usually repaired either via an error-prone pathway, which ligates the ends of the break or an accurate recombination pathway. Due to this lethality, drugs that induce persistent DSBs have been successful in bacterial infection treatment. However, recurrent usage of these drugs has led to emergence of resistant strains. Several articles have thoroughly reviewed the causes, mechanisms and effects of bacterial drug resistance while others have also discussed approaches for facilitating drug discovery and development. Here, we focus on a hypothetical chemotherapeutic strategy that can be explored for minimizing development of resistance to novel DSB-inducing compounds. We also highlight the possibility of utilizing bacterial DSB repair pathways as targets for the discovery and development of novel antibiotics. Our health systems face a huge challenge in the form of antimicrobial resistance, which may result in many common infections becoming untreatable. The same antibiotics that gave modern medicine its power are fast losing their hold on the germs that cause disease. Many options are being developed to restore the control that antibiotics have on the microbes that cause many diseases. In this perspective, we outline a concept that is built around the way and manner in which bacteria mend their DNA whenever there is a break in the DNA chain. We discuss the merits of finding a new class of drugs that obstruct bacterial ability to mend their broken DNA. In this scenario, a combination of these new drugs with existing drugs or other new drugs that cause breaks in bacterial DNA would become a powerful therapeutic regimen. This concept, when fully developed, will offer hope in our effort to combat antimicrobial-resistant infections.
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Mohammed HH, Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Abbas SH, Abdelhafez ESM. Current Trends and Future Directions of Fluoroquinolones. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3132-3149. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones represent an interesting synthetic class of antimicrobial agents with broad spectrum and potent activity. Since the discovery of nalidixic acid, the prototype of quinolones, several structural modifications to the quinolone nucleus have been carried out for improvement of potency, spectrum of activity, and to understand their structure activity relationship (SAR). The C-7 substituent was reported to have a major impact on the activity. Accordingly, Substitution at C-7 or its N-4-piperazinyl moiety was found to affect potency, bioavailability, and physicochemical properties. Also, it can increase the affinity towards mammalian topoisomerases that may shift quinolones from antibacterial to anticancer candidates. Moreover, the presence of DNA topoisomerases in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells makes them excellent targets for chemotherapeutic intervention in antibacterial and anticancer therapies. Based on this concept, several fluoroquionolones derivatives have been synthesized and biologically evaluated as antibacterial, antituberculosis, antiproliferative, antiviral and antifungal agents. This review is an attempt to focus on the therapeutic prospects of fluoroquinolones with an updated account on their atypical applications such as antitubercular and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada H.H. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | | | - Samar H. Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Mokaber‐Esfahani M, Eshghi H, Akbarzadeh M, Gholizadeh M, Mirzaie Y, Hakimi M, Lari J. Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of New Pyrimidyl N‐Ciprofloxacin Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mokaber‐Esfahani
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of Mashhad 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceGonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of Mashhad 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of Mashhad 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | - Mostafa Gholizadeh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of Mashhad 91775-1436 Mashhad Iran
| | - Yahya Mirzaie
- Department of ChemistryPayame Noor University 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hakimi
- Department of ChemistryPayame Noor University 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
| | - Jalil Lari
- Department of ChemistryPayame Noor University 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
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Synergistic Effects of Anionic/Cationic Dendrimers and Levofloxacin on Antibacterial Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162894. [PMID: 31395831 PMCID: PMC6719981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the numerous studies on dendrimers for biomedical applications, the antibacterial activity of anionic phosphorus dendrimers has not been explored. In our research, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of modified polycationic and polyanionic dendrimers in combination with levofloxacin (LVFX) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus hauseri ATCC 15442) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) bacteria. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, we concluded that a combination of dendrimers and antibiotic gave satisfactory results due to a synergistic effect. The use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as LVFX, not only caused resistance in disease-causing microorganisms but also increased environmental pollution. Therefore, reduction of drug dosage is of general interest.
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Mohammed HH, Abdelhafez ESM, Abbas SH, Moustafa GA, Hauk G, Berger JM, Mitarai S, Arai M, Abd El-Baky RM, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Design, synthesis and molecular docking of new N-4-piperazinyl ciprofloxacin-triazole hybrids with potential antimicrobial activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Aldaghi SA, Jalal R. Concentration-Dependent Dual Effects of Ciprofloxacin on SB-590885-Resistant BRAF V600E A375 Melanoma Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:645-658. [PMID: 30829029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have been applied to treat melanoma harboring V600E mutations. Several studies showed that BRAFi-resistant melanomas are dependent on mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a mitochondria-targeting antibiotic, on SB-590885-resistant BRAFV600E A375 melanoma (A375/SB) cells. The cytotoxicity activity of CIP and SB-590885, a potent and specific BRAFi, on A375 and A375/SB cells was evaluated by MTT, colony formation, migration, and spheroid formation assays. Moreover, SB-590885-induced cell death in A375 cells was analyzed. SB-590885 showed time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on A375 cells. Twenty-five μg/mL CIP decreased the cell viability of A375 and A375/SB cells in a time-dependent manner. This concentration of CIP markedly decreased clonogenicity in both cells and caused a reduction in the growth of A375/SB spheroids. The cytotoxicity of 5 μg/mL CIP on A375/SB cells was less than that of A375 cells. The colony formation and migration ability of A375/SB cells was increased in the presence of 5 μg/mL CIP. Ten μM SB-590885 induced a massive vacuolization in A375 cells. Cell death assays suggested a simultaneous activation of autophagy, paraptosis, apoptosis, and necrosis. For the first time, this study reveals that CIP at the maximum concentration in serum (5 μg/mL) can enhance the colony formation and migration abilities in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, while it has cytotoxic activity against these cells at a higher concentration than serum level. This study suggests that CIP may promote aggressive growth properties in BRAFi-resistant melanomas, at a concentration present in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyede Araste Aldaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Razieh Jalal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran.,Department of Research Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
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Gibson EG, Bax B, Chan PF, Osheroff N. Mechanistic and Structural Basis for the Actions of the Antibacterial Gepotidacin against Staphylococcus aureus Gyrase. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:570-581. [PMID: 30757898 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gepotidacin is a first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor (NBTI). The compound has successfully completed phase II trials for the treatment of acute bacterial skin/skin structure infections and for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea. It also displays robust in vitro activity against a range of wild-type and fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria. Due to the clinical promise of gepotidacin, a detailed understanding of its interactions with its antibacterial targets is essential. Thus, we characterized the mechanism of action of gepotidacin against Staphylococcus aureus gyrase. Gepotidacin was a potent inhibitor of gyrase-catalyzed DNA supercoiling (IC50 ≈ 0.047 μM) and relaxation of positively supercoiled substrates (IC50 ≈ 0.6 μM). Unlike fluoroquinolones, which induce primarily double-stranded DNA breaks, gepotidacin induced high levels of gyrase-mediated single-stranded breaks. No double-stranded breaks were observed even at high gepotidacin concentration, long cleavage times, or in the presence of ATP. Moreover, gepotidacin suppressed the formation of double-stranded breaks. Gepotidacin formed gyrase-DNA cleavage complexes that were stable for >4 h. In vitro competition suggests that gyrase binding by gepotidacin and fluoroquinolones are mutually exclusive. Finally, we determined crystal structures of gepotidacin with the S. aureus gyrase core fusion truncate with nicked (2.31 Å resolution) or intact (uncleaved) DNA (2.37 Å resolution). In both cases, a single gepotidacin molecule was bound midway between the two scissile DNA bonds and in a pocket between the two GyrA subunits. A comparison of the two structures demonstrates conformational flexibility within the central linker of gepotidacin, which may contribute to the activity of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Bax
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Pan F. Chan
- Infectious Diseases Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Avenue S., Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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A RADAR-Based Assay to Isolate Covalent DNA Complexes in Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010017. [PMID: 30818799 PMCID: PMC6466838 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolone antibacterials target the type II topoisomerases gyrase and topoisomerase IV and kill bacterial cells by converting these essential enzymes into cellular poisons. Although much is known regarding the interactions between these drugs and enzymes in purified systems, much less is known regarding their interactions in the cellular context due to the lack of a widely accessible assay that does not require expensive, specialized equipment. Thus, we developed an assay, based on the “rapid approach to DNA adduct recovery,” or RADAR, assay that is used with cultured human cells, to measure cleavage complex levels induced by treating bacterial cultures with the quinolone ciprofloxacin. Many chemical and mechanical lysis conditions and DNA precipitation conditions were tested, and the method involving sonication in denaturing conditions followed by precipitation of DNA via addition of a half volume of ethanol provided the most consistent results. This assay can be used to complement results obtained with purified enzymes to expand our understanding of quinolone mechanism of action and to test the activity of newly developed topoisomerase-targeted compounds. In addition, the bacterial RADAR assay can be used in other contexts, as any proteins covalently complexed to DNA should be trapped on and isolated with the DNA, allowing them to then be quantified.
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Bodoev IN, Ilina EN, Smirnov GB. Characteristics of Emergence of Mutants Resistant to Nalidixic Acid and Novobiocin in E. coli Strains with recA and lexA Mutations. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416818010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ilic S, Cohen S, Singh M, Tam B, Dayan A, Akabayov B. DnaG Primase-A Target for the Development of Novel Antibacterial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E72. [PMID: 30104489 PMCID: PMC6163395 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial primase-an essential component in the replisome-is a promising but underexploited target for novel antibiotic drugs. Bacterial primases have a markedly different structure than the human primase. Inhibition of primase activity is expected to selectively halt bacterial DNA replication. Evidence is growing that halting DNA replication has a bacteriocidal effect. Therefore, inhibitors of DNA primase could provide antibiotic agents. Compounds that inhibit bacterial DnaG primase have been developed using different approaches. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current literature on DNA primases as novel drug targets and the methods used to find their inhibitors. Although few inhibitors have been identified, there are still challenges to develop inhibitors that can efficiently halt DNA replication and may be applied in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Shira Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Benjamin Tam
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Adi Dayan
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Barak Akabayov
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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42
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Gibson EG, Blower TR, Cacho M, Bax B, Berger JM, Osheroff N. Mechanism of Action of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gyrase Inhibitors: A Novel Class of Gyrase Poisons. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1211-1222. [PMID: 29746087 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide, and the incidences of drug resistance and intolerance are prevalent. Thus, there is a desperate need for the development of new antitubercular drugs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase inhibitors (MGIs) are napthyridone/aminopiperidine-based drugs that display activity against M. tuberculosis cells and tuberculosis in mouse models [Blanco, D., et al. (2015) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 59, 1868-1875]. Genetic and mutagenesis studies suggest that gyrase, which is the target for fluoroquinolone antibacterials, is also the target for MGIs. However, little is known regarding the interaction of these drugs with the bacterial type II enzyme. Therefore, we examined the effects of two MGIs, GSK000 and GSK325, on M. tuberculosis gyrase. MGIs greatly enhanced DNA cleavage mediated by the bacterial enzyme. In contrast to fluoroquinolones (which induce primarily double-stranded breaks), MGIs induced only single-stranded DNA breaks under a variety of conditions. MGIs work by stabilizing covalent gyrase-cleaved DNA complexes and appear to suppress the ability of the enzyme to induce double-stranded breaks. The drugs displayed little activity against type II topoisomerases from several other bacterial species, suggesting that these drugs display specificity for M. tuberculosis gyrase. Furthermore, MGIs maintained activity against M. tuberuclosis gyrase enzymes that contained the three most common fluoroquinolone resistance mutations seen in the clinic and displayed no activity against human topoisomerase IIα. These findings suggest that MGIs have potential as antitubercular drugs, especially in the case of fluoroquinolone-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim R. Blower
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Monica Cacho
- Department of Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Calle de Severo Ochoa, 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben Bax
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Berger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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43
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Phillips-Jones MK, Harding SE. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) nanomachines-mechanisms for fluoroquinolone and glycopeptide recognition, efflux and/or deactivation. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:347-362. [PMID: 29525835 PMCID: PMC5899746 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss mechanisms of resistance identified in bacterial agents Staphylococcus aureus and the enterococci towards two priority classes of antibiotics-the fluoroquinolones and the glycopeptides. Members of both classes interact with a number of components in the cells of these bacteria, so the cellular targets are also considered. Fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms include efflux pumps (MepA, NorA, NorB, NorC, MdeA, LmrS or SdrM in S. aureus and EfmA or EfrAB in the enterococci) for removal of fluoroquinolone from the intracellular environment of bacterial cells and/or protection of the gyrase and topoisomerase IV target sites in Enterococcus faecalis by Qnr-like proteins. Expression of efflux systems is regulated by GntR-like (S. aureus NorG), MarR-like (MgrA, MepR) regulators or a two-component signal transduction system (TCS) (S. aureus ArlSR). Resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin occurs via efflux regulated by the TcaR regulator in S. aureus. Resistance to vancomycin occurs through modification of the D-Ala-D-Ala target in the cell wall peptidoglycan and removal of high affinity precursors, or by target protection via cell wall thickening. Of the six Van resistance types (VanA-E, VanG), the VanA resistance type is considered in this review, including its regulation by the VanSR TCS. We describe the recent application of biophysical approaches such as the hydrodynamic technique of analytical ultracentrifugation and circular dichroism spectroscopy to identify the possible molecular effector of the VanS receptor that activates expression of the Van resistance genes; both approaches demonstrated that vancomycin interacts with VanS, suggesting that vancomycin itself (or vancomycin with an accessory factor) may be an effector of vancomycin resistance. With 16 and 19 proteins or protein complexes involved in fluoroquinolone and glycopeptide resistances, respectively, and the complexities of bacterial sensing mechanisms that trigger and regulate a wide variety of possible resistance mechanisms, we propose that these antimicrobial resistance mechanisms might be considered complex 'nanomachines' that drive survival of bacterial cells in antibiotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Phillips-Jones
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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44
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Ubiquitous Nature of Fluoroquinolones: The Oscillation between Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6040026. [PMID: 29112154 PMCID: PMC5745469 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are synthetic antibacterial agents that stabilize the ternary complex of prokaryotic topoisomerase II enzymes (gyrase and Topo IV), leading to extensive DNA fragmentation and bacteria death. Despite the similar structural folds within the critical regions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic topoisomerases, clinically relevant fluoroquinolones display a remarkable selectivity for prokaryotic topoisomerase II, with excellent safety records in humans. Typical agents that target human topoisomerases (such as etoposide, doxorubicin and mitoxantrone) are associated with significant toxicities and secondary malignancies, whereas clinically relevant fluoroquinolones are not known to exhibit such propensities. Although many fluoroquinolones have been shown to display topoisomerase-independent antiproliferative effects against various human cancer cells, those that are significantly active against eukaryotic topoisomerase show the same DNA damaging properties as other topoisomerase poisons. Empirical models also show that fluoroquinolones mediate some unique immunomodulatory activities of suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and super-inducing interleukin-2. This article reviews the extended roles of fluoroquinolones and their prospects as lead for the unmet needs of "small and safe" multimodal-targeting drug scaffolds.
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45
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Ashley RE, Dittmore A, McPherson SA, Turnbough CL, Neuman KC, Osheroff N. Activities of gyrase and topoisomerase IV on positively supercoiled DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:9611-9624. [PMID: 28934496 PMCID: PMC5766186 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV have critical interactions with positively supercoiled DNA, little is known about the actions of these enzymes on overwound substrates. Therefore, the abilities of Bacillus anthracis and Escherichia coli gyrase and topoisomerase IV to relax and cleave positively supercoiled DNA were analyzed. Gyrase removed positive supercoils ∼10-fold more rapidly and more processively than it introduced negative supercoils into relaxed DNA. In time-resolved single-molecule measurements, gyrase relaxed overwound DNA with burst rates of ∼100 supercoils per second (average burst size was 6.2 supercoils). Efficient positive supercoil removal required the GyrA-box, which is necessary for DNA wrapping. Topoisomerase IV also was able to distinguish DNA geometry during strand passage and relaxed positively supercoiled substrates ∼3-fold faster than negatively supercoiled molecules. Gyrase maintained lower levels of cleavage complexes with positively supercoiled (compared with negatively supercoiled) DNA, whereas topoisomerase IV generated similar levels with both substrates. Results indicate that gyrase is better suited than topoisomerase IV to safely remove positive supercoils that accumulate ahead of replication forks. They also suggest that the wrapping mechanism of gyrase may have evolved to promote rapid removal of positive supercoils, rather than induction of negative supercoils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Ashley
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Andrew Dittmore
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Sylvia A McPherson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Charles L Turnbough
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6307, USA
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46
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Li T, Guo J, Zhang H. Design and examination of potent pseudosubstrate-based oligonucleotide inhibitors against bacterial topoisomerase IV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4817-4822. [PMID: 29017783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase IV is an enzyme that is mainly responsible for unwinding interlocked DNA strands at the final stage of prokaryotic DNA replication. Due to its exclusivity in prokaryotes, topoisomerase IV has been identified as a validated target for quinolone-based antibiotics in the past years for treating bacterial infection. In consideration that bacterial resistance to such antibiotics has occurred constantly, several newly designed pseudosubstrate oligonucleotides as DNA topoisomerase IV inhibitors have been examined during our recent investigations. Among them, the nick-, gap- and mismatched base pair-containing oligonucleotides displayed significantly high inhibitory effects toward topoisomerase IV. It is our anticipation that the outcomes of our current studies could be beneficial for the future development of pseudosubstrate-based enzyme inhibitors as well as new types of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Li
- Lexington High School, 251 Waltham Street, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hao Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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47
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Ashley RE, Blower TR, Berger JM, Osheroff N. Recognition of DNA Supercoil Geometry by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gyrase. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5440-5448. [PMID: 28921956 PMCID: PMC5637011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis encodes only a single
type II topoisomerase, gyrase. As a result, this enzyme likely carries
out the cellular functions normally performed by canonical gyrase
and topoisomerase IV, both in front of and behind the replication
fork. In addition, it is the sole target for quinolone antibacterials
in this species. Because quinolone-induced DNA strand breaks generated
on positively supercoiled DNA ahead of replication forks and transcription
complexes are most likely to result in permanent genomic damage, the
actions of M. tuberculosis gyrase on positively supercoiled
DNA were investigated. Results indicate that the enzyme acts rapidly
on overwound DNA and removes positive supercoils much faster than
it introduces negative supercoils into relaxed DNA. Canonical gyrase
and topoisomerase IV distinguish supercoil handedness differently
during the DNA cleavage reaction: while gyrase maintains lower levels
of cleavage complexes on overwound DNA, topoisomerase IV maintains
similar levels of cleavage complexes on both over- and underwound
substrates. M. tuberculosis gyrase maintained lower
levels of cleavage complexes on positively supercoiled DNA in the
absence and presence of quinolone-based drugs. By retaining this important
feature of canonical gyrase, the dual function M. tuberculosis type II enzyme remains a safe enzyme to act in front of replication
forks and transcription complexes. Finally, the N-terminal gate region
of the enzyme appears to be necessary to distinguish supercoil handedness
during DNA cleavage, suggesting that the capture of the transport
segment may influence how gyrase maintains cleavage complexes on substrates
with different topological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim R Blower
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - James M Berger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System , Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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48
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Ashley RE, Lindsey RH, McPherson SA, Turnbough CL, Kerns RJ, Osheroff N. Interactions between Quinolones and Bacillus anthracis Gyrase and the Basis of Drug Resistance. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4191-4200. [PMID: 28708938 PMCID: PMC5560241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gyrase appears to
be the primary cellular target for quinolone
antibacterials in multiple pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. Given
the significance of this type II topoisomerase as a drug target, it
is critical to understand how quinolones interact with gyrase and
how specific mutations lead to resistance. However, these important
issues have yet to be addressed for a canonical gyrase. Therefore,
we utilized a mechanistic approach to characterize interactions of
quinolones with wild-type B. anthracis gyrase and
enzymes containing the most common quinolone resistance mutations.
Results indicate that clinically relevant quinolones interact with
the enzyme through a water–metal ion bridge in which a noncatalytic
divalent metal ion is chelated by the C3/C4 keto acid of the drug.
In contrast to other bacterial type II topoisomerases that have been
examined, the bridge is anchored to gyrase primarily through a single
residue (Ser85). Substitution of groups at the quinolone C7 and C8
positions generated drugs that were less dependent on the water–metal
ion bridge and overcame resistance. Thus, by analyzing the interactions
of drugs with type II topoisomerases from individual bacteria, it
may be possible to identify specific quinolone derivatives that can
overcome target-mediated resistance in important pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvia A McPherson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Charles L Turnbough
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Robert J Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System , Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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49
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Tangella Y, Manasa KL, Sathish M, Alarifi A, Kamal A. Diphenylphosphoryl Azide (DPPA)-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Oxazolo[4,5-c
][1,8]naphthyridin-4(5 H
)-ones, Oxazolo[4,5-c
]quinoline-4(5 H
)-ones, and Tosyloxazol-5-yl Pyridines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yellaiah Tangella
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Kesari Lakshmi Manasa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad- 500 037 India
| | - Manda Sathish
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad- 500 037 India
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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50
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Huang PQ, Ou W. A Direct, Versatile, and Chemoselective Synthesis of Vinylogous Bis- and Monourethanes/amides and β-Keto Esters by Aza-Knoevenagel-Type Reactions of Tertiary Amides with Enolates. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; 300071 Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 P.R. China
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