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Jin C, Yan K, Wang M, Song W, Wang B, Men Y, Niu J, He Y, Zhang Q, Qi J. Dissecting the dynamic cellular transcriptional atlas of adult teleost testis development throughout the annual reproductive cycle. Development 2024; 151:dev202296. [PMID: 38477640 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Teleost testis development during the annual cycle involves dramatic changes in cellular compositions and molecular events. In this study, the testicular cells derived from adult black rockfish at distinct stages - regressed, regenerating and differentiating - were meticulously dissected via single-cell transcriptome sequencing. A continuous developmental trajectory of spermatogenic cells, from spermatogonia to spermatids, was delineated, elucidating the molecular events involved in spermatogenesis. Subsequently, the dynamic regulation of gene expression associated with spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation was observed across spermatogonia subgroups and developmental stages. A bioenergetic transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration of spermatogonia during the annual developmental cycle was demonstrated, and a deeper level of heterogeneity and molecular characteristics was revealed by re-clustering analysis. Additionally, the developmental trajectory of Sertoli cells was delineated, alongside the divergence of Leydig cells and macrophages. Moreover, the interaction network between testicular micro-environment somatic cells and spermatogenic cells was established. Overall, our study provides detailed information on both germ and somatic cells within teleost testes during the annual reproductive cycle, which lays the foundation for spermatogenesis regulation and germplasm preservation of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Kai Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Weihao Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yu Men
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jingjing Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Jie Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
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Albrecht M, Hummitzsch L, Rusch R, Heß K, Steinfath M, Cremer J, Lichte F, Fändrich F, Berndt R, Zitta K. Characterization of large extracellular vesicles (L-EV) derived from human regulatory macrophages (Mreg): novel mediators in wound healing and angiogenesis? J Transl Med 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 36717876 PMCID: PMC9887800 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large extracellular vesicles (L-EV) with a diameter between 1 and 10 µm are released by various cell types. L-EV contain and transport active molecules which are crucially involved in cell to cell communication. We have shown that secretory products of human regulatory macrophages (Mreg) bear pro-angiogenic potential in-vitro and our recent findings show that Mreg cultures also contain numerous large vesicular structures similar to L-EV with so far unknown characteristics and function. AIM OF THIS STUDY To characterize the nature of Mreg-derived L-EV (L-EVMreg) and to gain insights into their role in wound healing and angiogenesis. METHODS Mreg were differentiated using blood monocytes from healthy donors (N = 9) and L-EVMreg were isolated from culture supernatants by differential centrifugation. Characterization of L-EVMreg was performed by cell/vesicle analysis, brightfield/transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry and proteome profiling arrays. The impact of L-EVMreg on wound healing and angiogenesis was evaluated by means of scratch and in-vitro tube formation assays. RESULTS Mreg and L-EVMreg show an average diameter of 13.73 ± 1.33 µm (volume: 1.45 ± 0.44 pl) and 7.47 ± 0.75 µm (volume: 0.22 ± 0.06 pl) respectively. Flow cytometry analyses revealed similarities between Mreg and L-EVMreg regarding their surface marker composition. However, compared to Mreg fewer L-EVMreg were positive for CD31 (P < 0.01), CD206 (P < 0.05), CD103 (P < 0.01) and CD45 (P < 0.05). Proteome profiling suggested that L-EVMreg contain abundant amounts of pro-angiogenic proteins (i.e. interleukin-8, platelet factor 4 and serpin E1). From a functional point of view L-EVMreg positively influenced in-vitro wound healing (P < 0.05) and several pro-angiogenic parameters in tube formation assays (all segment associated parameters, P < 0.05; number of meshes, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION L-EVMreg with regenerative and pro-angiogenic potential can be reproducibly isolated from in-vitro cultured human regulatory macrophages. We propose that L-EVMreg could represent a putative therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic wounds and ischemia-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lars Hummitzsch
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rene Rusch
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Heß
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Steinfath
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Lichte
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Fändrich
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic for Applied Cell Therapy, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rouven Berndt
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Embedded Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Spheroids Enhance Cementogenic Differentiation via Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042340. [PMID: 35216454 PMCID: PMC8878532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spheroids reproduce the tissue structure that is found in vivo more accurately than classic two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. We cultured human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPLSCs) as spheroids that were embedded in collagen gel to examine whether their cementogenic differentiation could be enhanced by treatment with recombinant human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (rhPAI-1). The upregulated expression of cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) and cementum attachment protein (CAP), established cementoblast markers, was observed in the 2D monolayer HPLSCs that were treated with rhPAI-1 for 3 weeks compared with that in the control and osteogenic-induction medium groups. In the embedded HPLSC spheroids, rhPAI-1 treatment induced interplay between the spheroids and collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM), indicating that disaggregated HPLSCs migrated and spread into the surrounding ECM 72 h after three-dimensional (3D) culture. Western blot and immunocytochemistry analyses showed that the CEMP1 expression levels were significantly upregulated in the rhPAI-1-treated embedded HPLSC spheroids compared with all the 2D monolayer HPLSCs groups and the 3D spheroid groups. Therefore, 3D collagen-embedded spheroid culture in combination with rhPAI-1 treatment may be useful for facilitating cementogenic differentiation of HPLSCs.
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The significance of Fas, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and fibrinolytic factors in the assessment of malignant pleural effusion. ARCH BIOL SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/abs220316010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the usefulness of soluble apoptotic markers for the
screening of pleural effusion. This study aimed to investigate the
significance of Fas, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
(TRAIL) and fibrinolytic factors for the assessment of patients with
malignant pleural effusion. A total of 137 patients with pleural effusion
were evaluated. Soluble Fas, TRAIL, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA),
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), D-dimers and lactate
dehydrogenase (LD) levels were measured. Pleural fluid/blood ratios (P/B) of
fibrinolytic factors were calculated. Fas and TRAIL levels were
significantly higher in patients with malignant effusion than in those with
non-malignant effusion. Malignant effusion was 1.6-fold more prevalent in
patients with elevated Fas than in those without (48.5% vs 30.4%, P=0.031).
The P/B ratio of tPA was 2.5-fold higher in malignant effusion than in
non-malignant effusion (4.65 vs 1.83, P<0.001). Fas was positively
correlated with tPA and D-dimers, but not with biochemical parameters. The
ability of Fas to identify malignant effusions was significantly greater
than those of tPA and LD. In conclusion, measurements of Fas and TRAIL in
conjunction with fibrinolytic factors may provide information useful for
monitoring patients with suspected malignant pleural effusion.
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5
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Ismail AA, Shaker BT, Bajou K. The Plasminogen-Activator Plasmin System in Physiological and Pathophysiological Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010337. [PMID: 35008762 PMCID: PMC8745544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process associated with the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (EC) to form new blood vessels. It is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions and is controlled by a wide range of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules. The plasminogen activator–plasmin system plays a major role in the extracellular matrix remodeling process necessary for angiogenesis. Urokinase/tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA/tPA) convert plasminogen into the active enzyme plasmin, which in turn activates matrix metalloproteinases and degrades the extracellular matrix releasing growth factors and proangiogenic molecules such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main inhibitor of uPA and tPA, thereby an inhibitor of pericellular proteolysis and intravascular fibrinolysis, respectively. Paradoxically, PAI-1, which is expressed by EC during angiogenesis, is elevated in several cancers and is found to promote angiogenesis by regulating plasmin-mediated proteolysis and by promoting cellular migration through vitronectin. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) also induces EC cellular migration during angiogenesis via interacting with signaling partners. Understanding the molecular functions of the plasminogen activator plasmin system and targeting angiogenesis via blocking serine proteases or their interactions with other molecules is one of the major therapeutic strategies scientists have been attracted to in controlling tumor growth and other pathological conditions characterized by neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Anwar Ismail
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Baraah Tariq Shaker
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Bajou
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.I.); (B.T.S.)
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Tan P, Chen H, Huang Z, Huang M, Du Y, Li T, Chen Z, Liu Y, Fu W. MMP25-AS1/hsa-miR-10a-5p/SERPINE1 axis as a novel prognostic biomarker associated with immune cell infiltration in KIRC. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 22:307-325. [PMID: 34553021 PMCID: PMC8426181 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in multiple human cancers as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, a systematic mRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-lncRNA network linked to kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) prognosis has not been described. In this study, we aimed to identify the prognosis-related ceRNA regulatory network and analyzed its relationship with immune cell infiltration to predict KIRC patient survival. The MMP25-AS1/hsa-miR-10a-5p/SERPINE1 ceRNA network related to the prognosis of KIRC was obtained through bioinformatics analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Meanwhile, we constructed a three-gene-based survival predictor model, which could be referential for future clinical research. Methylation analyses suggested that the abnormal upregulation of the SERPINE1 likely resulted from hypomethylation. Furthermore, the immune infiltration analysis showed that the MMP25-AS1/hsa-miR-10a-5p/SERPINE1 axis could affect the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment and the development of KIRC by affecting the expression of chemokines (CCL4, CCL5, CXCL13, and XCL2). Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) analysis indicated that the high expression of SERPINE1 might be related to tumor immune evasion in KIRC. In summary, the current study constructing the MMP25-AS1/hsa-miR-10a-5p/SERPINE1 ceRNA network might be a novel significant prognostic factor associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Meizhou Huang
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yichao Du
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tongxi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhongyao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- General Surgery, Xichang People's Hospital, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, China
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Moik F, Prager G, Thaler J, Posch F, Wiedemann S, Schramm T, Englisch C, Mackman N, Pabinger I, Ay C. Hemostatic Biomarkers and Venous Thromboembolism Are Associated With Mortality and Response to Chemotherapy in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2837-2847. [PMID: 34470475 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Moik
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology (F.M., J.T., S.W., T.S., C.E., I.P., C.A.), Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Prager
- Clinical Division of Oncology (G.P.), Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Thaler
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology (F.M., J.T., S.W., T.S., C.E., I.P., C.A.), Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Posch
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Austria (F.P.)
| | - Sarah Wiedemann
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology (F.M., J.T., S.W., T.S., C.E., I.P., C.A.), Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Schramm
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology (F.M., J.T., S.W., T.S., C.E., I.P., C.A.), Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Englisch
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology (F.M., J.T., S.W., T.S., C.E., I.P., C.A.), Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology (F.M., J.T., S.W., T.S., C.E., I.P., C.A.), Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology (F.M., J.T., S.W., T.S., C.E., I.P., C.A.), Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russia (C.A.)
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8
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Valls MD, Soldado M, Arasa J, Perez-Aso M, Williams AJ, Cronstein BN, Noguera MA, Terencio MC, Montesinos MC. Annexin A2-Mediated Plasminogen Activation in Endothelial Cells Contributes to the Proangiogenic Effect of Adenosine A 2A Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654104. [PMID: 33986681 PMCID: PMC8111221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor mediates the promotion of wound healing and revascularization of injured tissue, in healthy and animals with impaired wound healing, through a mechanism depending upon tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a component of the fibrinolytic system. In order to evaluate the contribution of plasmin generation in the proangiogenic effect of adenosine A2A receptor activation, we determined the expression and secretion of t-PA, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and annexin A2 by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by the selective agonist CGS-21680. The plasmin generation was assayed through an enzymatic assay and the proangiogenic effect was studied using an endothelial tube formation assay in Matrigel. Adenosine A2A receptor activation in endothelial cells diminished the release of PAI-1 and promoted the production of annexin A2, which acts as a cell membrane co-receptor for plasminogen and its activator tPA. Annexin A2 mediated the increased cell membrane-associated plasmin generation in adenosine A2A receptor agonist treated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and is required for tube formation in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which adenosine A2A receptor activation promotes angiogenesis: increased endothelial expression of annexin A2, which, in turn, promotes fibrinolysis by binding tPA and plasminogen to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Valls
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Soldado
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Arasa
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Perez-Aso
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adrienne J Williams
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Medical Science Building, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Antonia Noguera
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Terencio
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Montesinos
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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9
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PAI-1, the Plasminogen System, and Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197066. [PMID: 32993026 PMCID: PMC7582753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen system is a critical proteolytic system responsible for the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The master regulator of the plasminogen system, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), has been implicated for its role in exacerbating various disease states not only through the accumulation of ECM (i.e., fibrosis) but also its role in altering cell fate/behaviour. Examination of PAI-1 has extended through various tissues and cell-types with recent investigations showing its presence in skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, the role of this protein has been implicated throughout the regeneration process, and in skeletal muscle pathologies (muscular dystrophy, diabetes, and aging-driven pathology). Needless to say, the complete function of this protein in skeletal muscle has yet to be fully elucidated. Given the importance of skeletal muscle in maintaining overall health and quality of life, it is critical to understand the alterations—particularly in PAI-1—that occur to negatively impact this organ. Thus, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of PAI-1 in skeletal muscle health and function. We aim to shed light on the relevance of this protein in skeletal muscle and propose potential therapeutic approaches to aid in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health.
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10
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Marín-Ramos NI, Thein TZ, Ghaghada KB, Chen TC, Giannotta SL, Hofman FM. miR-18a Inhibits BMP4 and HIF-1α Normalizing Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Circ Res 2020; 127:e210-e231. [PMID: 32755283 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal tangles of vessels where arteries and veins directly connect without intervening capillary nets, increasing the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and stroke. Current treatments are highly invasive and often not feasible. Thus, effective noninvasive treatments are needed. We previously showed that AVM-brain endothelial cells (BECs) secreted higher VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and lower TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) levels than control BEC; and that microRNA-18a (miR-18a) normalized AVM-BEC function and phenotype, although its mechanism remained unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism of action and potential clinical application of miR-18a as an effective noninvasive treatment to selectively restore the phenotype and functionality of AVM vasculature. METHODS AND RESULTS The molecular pathways affected by miR-18a in patient-derived BECs and AVM-BECs were determined by Western blot, RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), ELISA, co-IP, immunostaining, knockdown and overexpression studies, flow cytometry, and luciferase reporter assays. miR-18a was shown to increase TSP-1 and decrease VEGF by reducing PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1/SERPINE1) levels. Furthermore, miR-18a decreased the expression of BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), blocking the BMP4/ALK (activin-like kinase) 2/ALK1/ALK5 and Notch signaling pathways. As determined by Boyden chamber assays, miR-18a also reduced the abnormal AVM-BEC invasiveness, which correlated with a decrease in MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), MMP9, and ADAM10 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10) levels. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that miR-18a reaches the brain following intravenous and intranasal administration. Intranasal co-delivery of miR-18a and NEO100, a good manufacturing practices-quality form of perillyl alcohol, improved the pharmacokinetic profile of miR-18a in the brain without affecting its pharmacological properties. Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography angiography and immunostaining studies in an Mgp-/- AVM mouse model showed that miR-18a decreased abnormal cerebral vasculature and restored the functionality of the bone marrow, lungs, spleen, and liver. CONCLUSIONS miR-18a may have significant clinical value in preventing, reducing, and potentially reversing AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore I Marín-Ramos
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Thu Zan Thein
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G.)
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.,Departments of Pathology (T.C.C., F.M.H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Steven L Giannotta
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Florence M Hofman
- Departments of Pathology (T.C.C., F.M.H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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11
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Oh J, An HJ, Kim JO, Jun HH, Kim WR, Kim EJ, Oh D, Kim JW, Kim NK. Association between Five Common Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124334. [PMID: 32570732 PMCID: PMC7352892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is expressed in many cancer cell types and modulates cancer growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. The present study investigated the association between five PAI-1 gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Five PAI-1 polymorphisms (−844G > A [rs2227631], −675 4G > 5G [rs1799889], +43G > A [rs6092], +9785G > A [rs2227694], and +11053T > G [rs7242]) were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay in 459 CRC cases and 416 controls. Increased CRC risk was more frequently associated with PAI-1 −675 5G5G polymorphism than with 4G4G (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.556; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.012–2.391; p = 0.04). In contrast, for the PAI-1 +11053 polymorphism, we found a lower risk of CRC with the GG genotype (AOR = 0.620; 95% CI: 0.413–0.932; p = 0.02) than with the TT genotype, as well as for recessive carriers (TT + TG vs. GG, AOR = 0.662; 95% CI: 0.469–0.933; p = 0.02). The +43AA genotype was associated with lower overall survival (OS) than the +43GG genotype. Our results suggest that the PAI-1 genotype plays a role in CRC risk. This is the first study to identify an association between five PAI-1 polymorphisms and CRC incidence worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.O.); (D.O.)
| | - Hui Jeong An
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (H.J.A.); (J.O.K.)
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (H.J.A.); (J.O.K.)
| | - Hak Hoon Jun
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (H.H.J.); (W.R.K.)
| | - Woo Ram Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (H.H.J.); (W.R.K.)
| | - Eo Jin Kim
- Department on Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.O.); (D.O.)
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (H.H.J.); (W.R.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.K.); (N.K.K.); Tel.: +82-31-881-7137 (N.K.K.); Fax: +82-31-881-7249 (N.K.K.)
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (H.J.A.); (J.O.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.K.); (N.K.K.); Tel.: +82-31-881-7137 (N.K.K.); Fax: +82-31-881-7249 (N.K.K.)
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12
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Nossin Y, Farrell E, Koevoet WJLM, Somoza RA, Caplan AI, Brachvogel B, van Osch GJVM. Angiogenic Potential of Tissue Engineered Cartilage From Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Modulated by Indian Hedgehog and Serpin E1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:327. [PMID: 32363188 PMCID: PMC7180203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With rising demand for cartilage tissue repair and replacement, the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into cartilage tissue forming cells provides a promising solution. Often, the BMSC-derived cartilage does not remain stable and continues maturing to bone through the process of endochondral ossification in vivo. Similar to the growth plate, invasion of blood vessels is an early hallmark of endochondral ossification and a necessary step for completion of ossification. This invasion originates from preexisting vessels that expand via angiogenesis, induced by secreted factors produced by the cartilage graft. In this study, we aimed to identify factors secreted by chondrogenically differentiated bone marrow-derived human BMSCs to modulate angiogenesis. The secretome of chondrogenic pellets at day 21 of the differentiation program was collected and tested for angiogenic capacity using in vitro endothelial migration and proliferation assays as well as the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Taken together, these assays confirmed the pro-angiogenic potential of the secretome. Putative secreted angiogenic factors present in this medium were identified by comparative global transcriptome analysis between murine growth plate cartilage, human chondrogenic BMSC pellets and human neonatal articular cartilage. We then verified by PCR eight candidate angiogenesis modulating factors secreted by differentiated BMSCs. Among those, Serpin E1 and Indian Hedgehog (IHH) had a higher level of expression in BMSC-derived cartilage compared to articular chondrocyte derived cartilage. To understand the role of these factors in the pro-angiogenic secretome, we used neutralizing antibodies to functionally block them in the conditioned medium. Here, we observed a 1.4-fold increase of endothelial cell proliferation when blocking IHH and 1.5-fold by Serpin E1 blocking compared to unblocked control conditioned medium. Furthermore, endothelial migration was increased 1.9-fold by Serpin E1 blocking and 2.7-fold by IHH blocking. This suggests that the pro-angiogenic potential of chondrogenically differentiated BMSC secretome could be further augmented through inhibition of specific factors such as IHH and Serpin E1 identified as anti-angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Nossin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy J L M Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo A Somoza
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered-Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered-Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Wang C, Zhang S, Liu J, Tian Y, Ma B, Xu S, Fu Y, Luo Y. Secreted Pyruvate Kinase M2 Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis through Activating the Integrin Beta1/FAK Signaling Pathway. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1780-1797.e6. [PMID: 32049010 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell-derived secretomes have been documented to play critical roles in cancer progression. Intriguingly, alternative extracellular roles of intracellular proteins are involved in various steps of tumor progression, which can offer strategies to fight cancer. Herein, we identify lung cancer progression-associated secretome signatures using mass spectrometry analysis. Among them, PKM2 is verified to be highly expressed and secreted in lung cancer cells and clinical samples. Functional analyses demonstrates that secreted PKM2 facilitates tumor metastasis. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis and functional validation identify integrin β1 as a receptor of secreted PKM2. Mechanistically, secreted PKM2 directly bound to integrin β1 and subsequently activated the FAK/SRC/ERK axis to promote tumor metastasis. Collectively, our findings suggest that PKM2 is a potential serum biomarker for diagnosing lung cancer and that targeting the secreted PKM2-integrin β1 axis can inhibit lung cancer development, which provides evidence of a potential therapeutic strategy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaosen Zhang
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siran Xu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-Tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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14
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Lu Y, Fang Z, Zeng T, Li M, Chen Q, Zhang H, Zhou Q, Hu Y, Chen L, Su S. Chronic hepatitis B: dynamic change in Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome by dynamic network biomarkers. Chin Med 2019; 14:52. [PMID: 31768187 PMCID: PMC6873721 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical practice, TCM syndromes help to understand human homeostasis and guide individualized treatment. However, the TCM syndrome changes with disease progression, of which the scientific basis and mechanism remain unclear. Methods To demonstrate the underlying mechanism of dynamic changes in the TCM syndrome, we applied a dynamic network biomarker (DNB) algorithm to obtain the DNBs of changes in the TCM syndrome, based on the transcriptomic data of patients with chronic hepatitis B and typical TCM syndromes, including healthy controls and patients with liver-gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome (LGDHS), liver-depression spleen-deficiency syndrome (LDSDS), and liver-kidney yin-deficiency syndrome (LKYDS). The DNB model exploits collective fluctuations and correlations of the observed genes, then diagnoses the critical state. Results Our results showed that the DNBs of TCM syndromes were comprised of 52 genes and the tipping point occurred at the LDSDS stage. Meanwhile, there were numerous differentially expressed genes between LGDHS and LKYDS, which highlighted the drastic changes before and after the tipping point, implying the 52 DNBs could serve as early-warning signals of the upcoming change in the TCM syndrome. Next, we validated DNBs by cytokine profiling and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). The results showed that PLG (plasminogen) and coagulation factor XII (F12) were significantly expressed during the progression of TCM syndrome from LGDHS to LKYDS. Conclusions This study provides a scientific understanding of changes in the TCM syndrome. During this process, the cytokine system was involved all the time. The DNBs PLG and F12 were confirmed to significantly change during TCM-syndrome progression and indicated a potential value of DNBs in auxiliary diagnosis of TCM syndrome in CHB. Trial registration Identifier: NCT03189992. Registered on June 4, 2017. Retrospectively registered (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Lu
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- 2Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Tao Zeng
- 2Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Meiyi Li
- 5Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199 China
| | - Qilong Chen
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qianmei Zhou
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- 4Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Luonan Chen
- 2Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China.,3CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Shibing Su
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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15
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Barberi S, Montagna G, Rossi L. Expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in the leukocytes and tissues of patients with benign and malignant breast lesions. Breast Dis 2019; 38:15-23. [PMID: 30562887 DOI: 10.3233/bd-180348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To show that the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in the leucocytes of patients with benign and malignant breast lesions correlates with its expression in the lesions, and to explore the role of uPA as a tumour marker in breast cancer. METHODS Using real time reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we examined the expression of uPA in leukocytes and tissues of three groups of women: a) with breast cancer (BC), b) with benign breast lesions and c) a control group of healthy women. An arbitrary value of 1 was assigned to the level of uPA expressed in the leucocytes of the healthy controls; all other measurements were expressed as a function of this value. RESULTS The expression of uPA was significantly higher in BC samples compared to benign breast lesion (5.7 versus 3.8 times; p < 0.001). The leukocyte uPA of healthy volunteers was significantly lower than the leukocyte uPA from patients with breast lesions (p < 0.001). Leukocyte uPA level of patients with BC was higher compared to leukocyte uPA of women with benign lesions (p < 0.01). The expression of tissue uPA was the highest in triple-negative breast cancer. Methylation status was similar across tissue and leukocyte samples. CONCLUSIONS Leukocyte uPA can be considered a surrogate of the tissue uPA expressed in BC samples. These results further support the use of leukocyte uPA as a biochemical marker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Barberi
- Università di Roma `La Sapienza' - Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Montagna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Breast Center, University Hospital Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Breast Unit of Southern Switzerland (CSSI), 6500, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
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16
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Alotaibi FT, Peng B, Klausen C, Lee AF, Abdelkareem AO, Orr NL, Noga H, Bedaiwy MA, Yong PJ. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in endometriosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219064. [PMID: 31315131 PMCID: PMC6637014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is defined as an endometriotic lesion penetrating to a depth of >5 mm and is associated with pelvic pain, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Our objective is to investigate whether plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression (PAI-1) in endometriotic tissues is increased in women with DIE. Methods In this blinded in vitro study, immunohistochemistry and Histoscore were used to examine the expression of PAI-1 in glandular epithelium (GECs) and stroma (SCs) in a total of 62 women: deep infiltrating uterosacral/rectovaginal endometriosis (DIE; n = 13), ovarian endometrioma (OMA; n = 14), superficial peritoneal uterosacral/cul-de-sac endometriosis (SUP; n = 23), uterine (eutopic) endometrium from women with endometriosis (UE; n = 6), and non-endometriosis eutopic endometrium (UC; n = 6). The following patient characteristics were also collected: age, American Fertility Society stage, hormonal suppression, phase of menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea score and deep dyspareunia score. Results PAI-1 expression in GECs and SCs of the DIE group was significantly higher than that of SUP group (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively) and UE group (p = 0.03, p = 0.04, respectively). Interestingly, increased PAI-1 expression in GECs and SCs was also significantly correlated with increased dysmenorrhea (r = 0.38, p = 0.01; r = 0.34, p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions We found higher expression of PAI-1 in DIE, and an association between PAI-1 and worse dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad T. Alotaibi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anna F. Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amr O. Abdelkareem
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Natasha L. Orr
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Heather Noga
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mohamed A. Bedaiwy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul J. Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
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17
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Mukhopadhyay S, Johnson TA, Duru N, Buzza MS, Pawar NR, Sarkar R, Antalis TM. Fibrinolysis and Inflammation in Venous Thrombus Resolution. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1348. [PMID: 31258531 PMCID: PMC6587539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations and accumulating laboratory evidence support a complex interplay between coagulation, inflammation, innate immunity and fibrinolysis in venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE, which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and the subsequent complications of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients. Clinical risk factors for VTE include cancer, major trauma, surgery, sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, paralysis, prolonged periods of immobility, and aging. Abnormalities in venous blood flow or stasis initiates the activation of endothelial cells, and in concert with platelets, neutrophils and monocytes, propagates VTE in an intact vein. In addition, inflammatory cells play crucial roles in thrombus recanalization and restoration of blood flow via fibrinolysis and vascular remodeling. Faster resolution of the thrombus is key for improved disease prognosis. While in the clinical setting, anticoagulation therapy is successful in preventing propagation of venous thrombi, current therapies are not designed to inhibit inflammation, which can lead to the development of PTS. Animal models of DVT have provided many insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation, propagation, and resolution of venous thrombi as well as the roles of key components of the fibrinolytic system in these processes. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of fibrinolysis and inflammation in the resolution of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradip Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tierra A. Johnson
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nadire Duru
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marguerite S. Buzza
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nisha R. Pawar
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rajabrata Sarkar
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Toni M. Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Amin MN, Hussain MS, Sarwar MS, Rahman Moghal MM, Das A, Hossain MZ, Chowdhury JA, Millat MS, Islam MS. How the association between obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1213-1224. [PMID: 31336467 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction and over nutrition. Increased body mass index and obesity are strongly amalgamated with changes in the physiological function of adipose tissue, leading to altered secretion of adipocytokines, inflammatory mediators release as well as chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. The purposes of this study were to review the evidence of how obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer. SUMMARY Recent findings suggested that increased level of inflammatory mediators in obesity, plays an introductory and cabalistic role in the development of different types of inflammatory disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Link between elevated body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several of the factors-such as increased levels of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, decreased levels of adiponectin, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation etc. consequently result in carcinogenesis and carcinogenic progression too. CONCLUSION This review summarizes how cytokine production in adipose tissue of obese subject creates a chronic inflammatory environment that favors tumor cell motility and invasion to enhance the metastatic potential of tumor cells. High levels of cytokine in the circulation of affected individuals have been associated with a significantly worse outcome. This article also reconnoiters the mechanisms that link obesity to numerous disorders such as inflammation, diabetes, cancers and most specifically combine these processes in a single image. Understanding these mechanisms may assist to understand the consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Sonapur, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, 1902, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1206, Bangladesh
| | - Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Kugaevskaya EV, Gureeva TA, Timoshenko OS, Solovyeva NI. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator System in Norm and in Life-Threatening Processes (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-6-61-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (uPA-system) includes serine proteinase — uPA or urokinase, its receptor (uPAR) and two inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). The review discusses the structural features and involvement of the system components in the development of life-threatening processes including carcinogenesis, inflammation, neurogenesis and fibrinolysis, in regulation of which the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM), cell mobility and signaling inside and outside the cell play a decisive role. uPA triggers the processes by activating the plasminogen and its convertion into plasmin involved in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in addition to the regulation of fibrinolysis. MMPs can hydrolyze all the major ECM components and therefore play a key role in invasion, metastasis, and cell mobility. MMPs activates a cassette of biologically active regulatory molecules and release them from ECM. uPAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2 are responsible for regulation of the uPA activity. In addition, being a signaling receptor, uPAR along with MMPs lead to the stimulation of a number of signaling pathways that are associated with the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, growth and migration of cells contributing to tumor progression, inflammation, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Effective participation of the uPA system components in ECM destruction and regulation of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways demonstrates that the system significantly contributes to the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes.
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miR-34a exerts as a key regulator in the dedifferentiation of osteosarcoma via PAI-1-Sox2 axis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:777. [PMID: 29991717 PMCID: PMC6039486 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone cancer with severe chromosomal abnormalities and genetic aberrations. Our previous work reported the dedifferentiation of OS, which is related to poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism that regulates OS dedifferentiation is still a subject of exploration. Emerging evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the pathogenesis of OS and could potentially be developed for use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we intended to illustrate the role of miR-34a in the dedifferentiation of OS. Upregulation of miR-34a was observed while OS cells were induced into stem-like phenotype. Notably, inhibition of miR-34a could promote the reprogramming transition of OS. Further exploration on the downstream network of miR-34a identified that blocking plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression could restrain OS dedifferentiation into cancer stem-like cells by downregulating SRY-related-HMG box (Sox) 2. We also showed that Sox2 overexpression rescued the suppression phenotype driven by PAI-1 inhibition. Conversely, PAI-1 inhibitor (PAI-039) could suppress the upregulation of Sox2 expression caused by miR-34a inhibition. Be applying bone extracellular matrix (BEM)-OS models, we demonstrated the phenotypic heterogeneity of OS cells, consistent with a strong concordance between PAI-1 and Sox2 expression levels. Taken together, our findings proved miR-34a to be a bona fide suppressor involved in the regulation of OS dedifferentiation. Targeting miR-34a or its direct target PAI-1 could offer new strategies for OS treatment.
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Srivastava A, Shukla V, Tiwari D, Gupta J, Kumar S, Kumar A. Targeted therapy of chronic liver diseases with the inhibitors of angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:256-266. [PMID: 29859468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis appears to be intrinsically associated with the progression of chronic liver diseases, which eventually leads to the development of cirrhosis and related complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Several studies have suggested that this association is relevant for chronic liver disease (CLD) progression, with angiogenesis. The fact that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in CLDs gives rise to new opportunities for treating CLDs. Inhibitor of angiogenesis has proved effective for the treatment of patients suffering from CLD. However, it is limited in diagnosis. The last decade has witnessed a plethora of publications which elucidate the potential of angiogenesis inhibitors for the therapy of CLD. The close relationship between the progression of CLDs and angiogenesis emphasizes the need for anti-angiogenic therapy to block/slow down CLD progression. The present review summarizes all these discussions, the results of the related studies carried out to date and the future prospects in this field. We discuss liver angiogenesis in normal and pathophysiologic conditions with a focus on the role and future use of angiogenic factors as second-line treatment of CLD. This review compiles relevant findings and offers opinions that have emerged in last few years relating liver angiogenesis and its treatment using anti-angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanistha Shukla
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Tiwari
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Gupta
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Weitnauer M, Petry A, BelAiba R, Görlach A. Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxyde synthase increases capillary formation via Rac1-dependent induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:849-62. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-04-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SummaryDisruption of endothelial homeostasis results in endothelial dysfunction, characterised by a dysbalance between nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels often accompanied by a prothrombotic and proproliferative state. The serine protease thrombin not only is instrumental in formation of the fibrin clot, but also exerts direct effects on the vessel wall by activating proliferative and angiogenic responses. In endothelial cells, thrombin can induce NO as well as ROS levels. However, the relative contribution of these reactive species to the angiogenic response towards thrombin is not completely clear. Since plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a direct target of the proangiogenic transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), exerts prothrombotic and proangiogenic activities we investigated the role of ROS and NO in the regulation of HIF-1α, PAI-1 and capillary formation in response to thrombin. Thrombin enhanced the formation of NO as well as ROS generation involving the GTPase Rac1 in endothelial cells. Rac1-dependent ROS formation promoted induction of HIF-1α, PAI-1 and capillary formation by thrombin, while NO reduced ROS bioavailability and subsequently limited induction of HIF-1α, PAI-1 and the angiogenic response. Importantly, thrombin activation of Rac1 was diminished by NO, but enhanced by ROS. Thus, our findings show that capillary formation induced by thrombin via Rac1-dependent activation of HIF-1 and PAI-1 is limited by the concomitant release of NO which reduced ROS bioavailability. Rac1 activity is sensitive to ROS and NO, thereby playing an essential role in fine tuning the endothelial response to thrombin.
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Elmoamly S, Afif A. Can biomarkers of coagulation, platelet activation, and inflammation predict mortality in patients with hematological malignancies? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 23:89-95. [PMID: 28823228 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1365458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer commonly demonstrate laboratory evidence for hypercoagulability. Coagulation and inflammation play a role in the pathophysiology of hematological malignancies and the correlation between hypercoagulability and inflammation with tumor outcomes and the patient's prognosis are well studied. OBJECTIVE To identify an association between hemostasis activation, fibrinolysis and inflammation with mortality in patients with hematological malignancies to determine their prognostic significance. METHODS This study is a prospective observational cohort study; Hypercoagulability and inflammatory biomarkers including:(1) Coagulation and fibrinolysis activation Markers (D-dimer, Fibrinogen, Antithrombin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [PAI-1]);(2) Endothelium and platelet activation Markers (von Willebrand Factor [vWF], soluble P-selectin); and (3) Inflammation Markers (Tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], Interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were assayed on a group of 171 patients with hematological malignancies at time of diagnosis. They have been followed up for an average period of 416.8 days with an endpoint of mortality. RESULTS Sixty patients died during follow up. There were statistically significant associations between Plasma cell dyscrasias mortality and ECOG performance status (P value:<0.005), Hemoglobin level (P value: 0.04), serum Albumin level (P value: 0.001), vWF (P value: 0.006) and IL-6 (P value 0.015), and between lymphoproliferative disorders mortality and presence of B symptoms (P value: 0.02), ECOG performance status (P value:<0.02), serum Albumin level (P value: 0.038), Antithrombin (P value: 0.004). CONCLUSION Some biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation showed statistically significant associations with plasma cell dyscrasias mortality (vWF and IL-6) and lymphoproliferative disorders mortality (Antithrombin) and potentially could be used as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereef Elmoamly
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Alaa Afif
- b Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) impact on vascular remodeling and prevent muscle damage in acute hind limb ischemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8180. [PMID: 28811546 PMCID: PMC5557987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum is an abundant and accessible source of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). Serum-EV (sEV) pro-angiogenic capability and mechanisms are herein analyzed using an in vitro assay which predicts sEV angiogenic potential in vivo. Effective sEVs (e-sEVs) also improved vascular remodeling and prevented muscle damage in a mouse model of acute hind limb ischemia. e-sEV angiogenic proteomic and transcriptomic analyses show a positive correlation with matrix-metalloproteinase activation and extracellular matrix organization, cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways, Insulin-like Growth Factor and platelet pathways, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor signaling. A discrete gene signature, which highlights differences in e-sEV and ineffective-EV biological activity, was identified using gene ontology (GO) functional analysis. An enrichment of genes associated with the Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) signaling cascade is associated with e-sEV administration but not with ineffective-EVs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis on the inhibitor of DNA binding I (ID1) promoter region, and the knock-down of small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD)1–5 proteins confirmed GO functional analyses. This study demonstrates sEV pro-angiogenic activity, validates a simple, sEV pro-angiogenic assay which predicts their biological activity in vivo, and identifies the TGFβ1 cascade as a relevant mediator. We propose serum as a readily available source of EVs for therapeutic purposes.
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Van Tongelen A, Loriot A, De Smet C. Oncogenic roles of DNA hypomethylation through the activation of cancer-germline genes. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kodaman N, Sobota RS, Asselbergs FW, Oetjens MT, Moore JH, Brown NJ, Aldrich MC, Williams SM. Genetic Effects on the Correlation Structure of CVD Risk Factors: Exome-Wide Data From a Ghanaian Population. Glob Heart 2017; 12:133-140. [PMID: 28408189 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is highly correlated with several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. It also plays a direct role in CVD, including myocardial infarction and stroke, by impeding the dissolution of thrombi in the blood. Insofar as PAI-1 links CVD's risk factors to its endpoints, genetic variants modulating the relationship between PAI-1 and risk factors may be of particular clinical and biological interest. The high heritability of PAI-1, which has not been explained by genetic association studies, may also, in large part, be due to this relationship with CVD risk factors. Using exome-wide data from 1,032 Ghanaian study participants, we tested for heterogeneity of correlation by genotype between PAI-1 and 4 CVD risk factors (body mass index, triglycerides, mean arterial pressure, and fasting glucose) under the hypothesis that loci involved in the relationship between PAI-1 and other risk factors will also modify their correlational structure. We found more significant heterogeneities of correlation by genotype than we found marginal effects, with no evidence of type I inflation. The most significant result among all univariate and multivariate tests performed in this study was the heterogeneity of correlation between PAI-1 and mean arterial pressure at rs10738554, near SLC24A2, a gene previously associated with high blood pressure in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Kodaman
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Rafal S Sobota
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, UMC (University Medical Center) Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Isoform-B Stimulates Neurovascular Repair After Ischemic Stroke by Promoting the Function of Pericytes via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3611-3626. [PMID: 28290152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke triggers endogenous angiogenic mechanisms, which correlates with longer survival in patients. As such, promoting angiogenesis appears to be a promising approach. Experimental studies investigated mostly the potent angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor isoform-A (VEGF-A). However, VEGF-A increases the risk of destabilizing the brain microvasculature, thus hindering the translation of its usage in clinics. An attractive alternative VEGF isoform-B (VEGF-B) was recently reported to act as a survival factor rather than a potent angiogenic factor. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of VEGF-B in ischemic stroke using different in vivo and in vitro approaches. We showed that the delayed intranasal administration of VEGF-B reduced neuronal damage and inflammation. Unexpectedly, VEGF-B stimulated the formation of stable brain microvasculature within the injured region by promoting the interaction between endothelial cells and pericytes. Our data indicate that the effects of VEGF-B were mediated via its specific receptor VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) that is predominately expressed in brain pericytes. Importantly, VEGF-B promoted the survival of pericytes, and not brain endothelial cells, by inducing expression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and the main protein involved in energy homeostasis AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). Moreover, we showed that VEGF-B stimulated the pericytic release of factors stimulating a "reparative angiogenesis" that does not compromise microvasculature stability. Our study unraveled hitherto unknown role of VEGF-B/VEGFR-1 signaling in regulating the function of pericytes. Furthermore, our findings suggest that brain microvasculature stabilization via VEGF-B constitutes a safe therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
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Fortenberry YM, Brandal SM, Carpentier G, Hemani M, Pathak AP. Intracellular Expression of PAI-1 Specific Aptamers Alters Breast Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Angiogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164288. [PMID: 27755560 PMCID: PMC5068744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is elevated in various cancers, where it has been shown to effect cell migration and invasion and angiogenesis. While, PAI-1 is a secreted protein, its intercellular levels are increased in cancer cells. Consequently, intracellular PAI-1 could contribute to cancer progression. While various small molecule inhibitors of PAI-1 are currently being investigated, none specifically target intracellular PAI-1. A class of inhibitors, termed aptamers, has been used effectively in several clinical applications. We previously generated RNA aptamers that target PAI-1 and demonstrated their ability to inhibit extracellular PAI-1. In the current study we explored the effect of these aptamers on intracellular PAI-1. We transiently transfected the PAI-1 specific aptamers into both MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and studied their effects on cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Aptamer expressing MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a decrease in cell migration and invasion. Additionally, intracellular PAI-1 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) protein levels decreased, while the PAI-1/uPA complex increased. Moreover, a significant decrease in endothelial tube formation in HUVECs transfected with the aptamers was observed. In contrast, conditioned media from aptamer transfected MDA-MB-231 cells displayed a slight pro-angiogenic effect. Collectively, our study shows that expressing functional aptamers inside breast and endothelial cells is feasible and may exhibit therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda M Fortenberry
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M Brandal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Gilles Carpentier
- Laboratoire CRRET, Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du général De Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Malvi Hemani
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Arvind P Pathak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Hartner A, Jagusch L, Cordasic N, Amann K, Veelken R, Jacobi J, Hilgers KF. Impaired Neovascularization and Reduced Capillary Supply in the Malignant vs. Non-malignant Course of Experimental Renovascular Hypertension. Front Physiol 2016; 7:370. [PMID: 27625610 PMCID: PMC5003830 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant hypertension develops in some cases of hypertension but not in others. We hypothesized that an impaired neovascularization and a reduced capillary supply characterizes the malignant course of experimental hypertension. Two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension was induced in rats; controls (sham) were sham operated. To distinguish malignant hypertension from non-malignant hypertension, we considered two factors: weight loss, and the number of typical vascular lesions (onion skin lesions and fibrinoid necroses) per kidney section of the nonclipped kidney. Animals in the upper half for both criteria were defined as malignant hypertensives. After 5 weeks, mean arterial blood pressure was elevated to the same degree in malignant hypertension and non-malignant hypertension whereas plasma renin and aldosterone were significantly higher in malignant hypertensives. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was elevated (up to 14-fold) in non-malignant but significantly more increased (up to 36-fold) in malignant hypertensive rats, compared to sham. As a bioassay for neovascularization, the area of granulation tissue ingrowth in polyvinyl discs (implanted subcutaneously) was reduced in malignant hypertension compared to non-malignant hypertension and sham, while there was no difference between non-malignant hypertension and sham. The number of renal and left ventricular capillaries was significantly lower in malignant hypertension compared to non-malignant hypertension, as was the number of proliferating endothelial cells. We conclude that an impaired neovascularization and capillarization occurs in malignant renovascular hypertension but not in the non-malignant course of the disease despite comparable blood pressure levels. This might contribute to the unique vascular lesions and progressive target organ damage observed in malignant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Jagusch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Jacobi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
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Down-regulation of SerpinB2 is associated with gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer and enhances invadopodia-like structure protrusions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32258. [PMID: 27558531 PMCID: PMC4997607 DOI: 10.1038/srep32258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of targeted therapy due to the resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib, is considered a major problem in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. SerpinB2, a component of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system, has been recognized as a biomarker for the progression and metastasis of lung cancer. Nevertheless, the relationship between SerpinB2 and EGFR-TKI resistance has not been elucidated. Here, we report that SerpinB2 is down-regulated in gefitinib-resistant (H292-Gef) cells compared to gefitinib-sensitive (H292) cells. The low SerpinB2 levels in H292-Gef cells were also associated with an enhancement in invasiveness and increase in the length of invadopodia-like structures in the cells. The effect on invasiveness and gefitinib sensitivity was confirmed by knockdown and overexpression of SerpinB2. In addition, the possibility to overcome the resistance through the up-regulation of SerpinB2 was supported by employing an antitumor agent yuanhuadine (YD). Treatment with YD effectively elevated SerpinB2 levels and suppressed invasive properties in H292-Gef cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the prospective role of SerpinB2 as a novel biomarker for acquired gefitinib resistance and a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
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Eccles SA, Court W, Patterson L. In Vitro Assays for Endothelial Cell Functions Required for Angiogenesis: Proliferation, Motility, Tubular Differentiation, and Matrix Proteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1430:121-147. [PMID: 27172950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3628-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deconstructs the process of angiogenesis into its component parts in order to provide simple assays to measure discrete endothelial cell functions. The techniques described will be suitable for studying stimulators and/or inhibitors of angiogenesis and determining which aspect of the process is modulated. The assays are designed to be robust and straightforward, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but with an option to use other sources such as microvascular endothelial cells from various tissues or lymphatic endothelial cells. It must be appreciated that such reductionist approaches cannot cover the complexity of the angiogenic process as a whole, incorporating as it does a myriad of positive and negative signals, three-dimensional interactions with host tissues and many accessory cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, pericytes and platelets. The extent to which in vitro assays predict physiological or pathological processes in vivo (e.g., wound healing, tumor angiogenesis) or surrogate techniques such as the use of Matrigel™ plugs, sponge implants, corneal assays etc remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - William Court
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lisa Patterson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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Jin H, Choung HW, Lim KT, Jin B, Jin C, Chung JH, Choung PH. Recombinant Human Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promotes Cementogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2817-28. [PMID: 25808697 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontium, consisting of gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone, is necessary for the maintenance of tooth function. Specifically, the regenerative abilities of cementum with inserted PDL are important for the prevention of tooth loss. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which are located in the connective tissue PDL between the cementum and alveolar bone, are an attractive candidate for hard tissue formation. We investigated the effects of recombinant human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (rhPAI-1) on cementogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Untreated and rhPAI-1-treated hPDLSCs mixed with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) and dentin matrix were transplanted subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of immunocompromised mice to assess their capacity for hard tissue formation at 8 and 10 weeks posttransplantation. rhPAI-1 accelerated mineral nodule formation and increased the mRNA expression of cementoblast-associated markers in hPDLSCs. We also observed that rhPAI-1 upregulated the levels of osterix (OSX) and cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) through Smad2/3 and p38 pathways, whereas specific inhibitors of Smad3 and p38 inhibited the enhancement of mineralization of hPDLSCs by rhPAI-1. Furthermore, transplantation of hPDLSCs with rhPAI-1 showed a great ability to promote cementogenic differentiation. Notably, rhPAI-1 induced hPDLSCs to regenerate cementum-like tissue with PDL fibers inserted into newly formed cementum-like tissue. These results suggest that rhPAI-1 may play a key role in cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. rhPAI-1 with hPDLSCs may be a good candidate for future clinical applications in periodontal tissue regeneration and possibly in tooth root bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiu Jin
- 1 Tooth Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Wool Choung
- 2 Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Histology and Development Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- 3 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Bin Jin
- 1 Tooth Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Chengbiao Jin
- 2 Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Histology and Development Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Chung
- 4 Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- 1 Tooth Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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Chen H, Peng H, Liu W, Sun Y, Su N, Tang W, Zhang X, Wang J, Cui L, Hu P, Liu S. Silencing of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 suppresses colorectal cancer progression and liver metastasis. Surgery 2015; 158:1704-13. [PMID: 26275833 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is reported to be expressed in many cancer cell types and regarded as one of the most informative biochemical markers for poor prognosis. However, no previous study has evaluated whether PAI-1 could serve as a target in antitumor and antimetastasis therapies of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The plasma level of PAI-1 in CRC patients was detected and its correlation with the clinicopathologic features was evaluated. PAI-1 protein expression was assessed by Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. The biologic consequences of PAI-1 silencing in colon cancer cell lines and CRC bearing nude mice were also investigated. RESULTS Plasma PAI-1 level was higher in CRC patients with liver metastasis and correlated with liver metastasis, tumor size, differentiation, serosa infiltration, Duke's stage, and lymphatic metastasis. PAI-1 protein expression in the CRC tissue of patients with liver metastasis was significantly greater than that in those without liver metastasis. In addition, the abilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration of CRC cells transfected with lentivirus expressing PAI-1 small interfering RNA were reduced significantly. Nude mice inoculated with PAI-1 knockdown cells also had fewer metastatic nodules in the liver and smaller tumor volumes. CONCLUSION Plasma PAI-1 level was increased in CRC patients with liver metastasis, and PAI-1 silencing may significantly compromise the malignant behaviors of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings may provide evidence for PAI-1 targeted therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 411 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 411 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingfang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 411 Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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WYGANOWSKA-ŞWIĄTKOWSKA MARZENA, JANKUN JERZY. Plasminogen activation system in oral cancer: Relevance in prognosis and therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 47:16-24. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Early systemic microvascular damage in pigs with atherogenic diabetes mellitus coincides with renal angiopoietin dysbalance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121555. [PMID: 25909188 PMCID: PMC4409307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a range of microvascular complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Microvascular abnormalities in the kidneys are common histopathologic findings in DN, which represent one manifestation of ongoing systemic microvascular damage. Recently, sidestream dark-field (SDF) imaging has emerged as a noninvasive tool that enables one to visualize the microcirculation. In this study, we investigated whether changes in the systemic microvasculature induced by DM and an atherogenic diet correlated spatiotemporally with renal damage. Methods Atherosclerotic lesion development was triggered in streptozotocin-induced DM pigs (140 mg/kg body weight) by administering an atherogenic diet for approximately 11 months. Fifteen months following induction of DM, microvascular morphology was visualized in control pigs (n = 7), non-diabetic pigs fed an atherogenic diet (ATH, n = 5), and DM pigs fed an atherogenic diet (DM+ATH, n = 5) using SDF imaging of oral mucosal tissue. Subsequently, kidneys were harvested from anethesized pigs and the expression levels of well-established markers for microvascular integrity, such as Angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1) and Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2) were determined immunohistochemically, while endothelial cell (EC) abundance was determined by immunostaining for von Willebrand factor (vWF). Results Our study revealed an increase in the capillary tortuosity index in DM+ATH pigs (2.31±0.17) as compared to the control groups (Controls 0.89±0.08 and ATH 1.55±0.11; p<0.05). Kidney biopsies showed marked glomerular lesions consisting of mesangial expansion and podocyte lesions. Furthermore, we observed a disturbed Angpt2/ Angpt1balance in the cortex of the kidney, as evidenced by increased expression of Angpt2 in DM+ATH pigs as compared to Control pigs (p<0.05). Conclusion In the setting of DM, atherogenesis leads to the augmentation of mucosal capillary tortuosity, indicative of systemic microvascular damage. Concomitantly, a dysbalance in renal angiopoietins was correlated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. As such, our studies strongly suggest that defects in the systemic microvasculature mirror the accumulation of microvascular damage in the kidney.
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Efimenko AY, Kochegura TN, Akopyan ZA, Parfyonova YV. Autologous Stem Cell Therapy: How Aging and Chronic Diseases Affect Stem and Progenitor Cells. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:26-38. [PMID: 26309780 PMCID: PMC4497652 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years different types of adult stem/progenitor cells have been successfully applied for the treatment of many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. The regenerative potential of these cells is considered to be due to their high proliferation and differentiation capacities, paracrine activity, and immunologic privilege. However, therapeutic efficacy of the autologous stem/progenitor cells for most clinical applications remains modest, possibly because of the attenuation of their regenerative potential in aged patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. In this review we will discuss the risk factors affecting the therapeutic potential of adult stem/progenitor cells as well as the main approaches to mitigating them using the methods of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Yu. Efimenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana N. Kochegura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zhanna A. Akopyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yelena V. Parfyonova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Bertelmann T, Stief T, Sekundo W, Witteborn M, Strodthoff S, Mennel S, Nguyen N, Koss M. Intravitreale Fibrinolyse und retinaler Venenverschluss. Ophthalmologe 2014; 112:155-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00347-014-3107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bertelmann T, Sekundo W, Strodthoff S, Witteborn MC, Stief T, Irle S, Nguyen N, Koss MJ, Mennel S. Intravitreal Functional Plasminogen in Eyes with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion. Ophthalmic Res 2014; 52:74-80. [DOI: 10.1159/000362340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Damare J, Brandal S, Fortenberry YM. Inhibition of PAI-1 antiproteolytic activity against tPA by RNA aptamers. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 24:239-49. [PMID: 24922319 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2013.0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1; SERPINE1) inhibits the plasminogen activators: tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Elevated levels of PAI-1 have been correlated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacologically suppressing PAI-1 might prevent, or successfully treat PAI-1 related vascular diseases. This can potentially be accomplished by using small RNA molecules (aptamers). This study's goal is to develop RNA aptamers to a region of PAI-1 that will prevent the ability of PAI-1 to interact with the plasminogen activators. The aptamers were generated through a systematic evolution of ligands via exponential enrichment approach that ensures the creation of RNA molecules that bind to our target protein, PAI-1. In vitro assays were used to determine the effect of these aptamers on PAI-1's inhibitory activity. Three aptamers that bind to PAI-1 with affinities in the nanomolar range were isolated. The aptamer clones R10-4 and R10-2 inhibited PAI-1's antiproteolytic activity against tPA and disrupted PAI-1's ability to form a stable covalent complex with tPA. Increasing aptamer concentrations correlated positively with an increase in cleaved PAI-1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of RNA molecules that inhibit the antiproteolytic activity of PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Damare
- 1 Department of Pediatric Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Wyganowska-Świątkowska M, Surdacka A, Skrzypczak-Jankun E, Jankun J. The plasminogen activation system in periodontal tissue (Review). Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:763-8. [PMID: 24535478 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen activation system (PAS) plays an essential role in tissue proteolysis in physiological and pathological processes. Periodontitis is a chronic infection associated with increased proteolysis driven by plasminogen activation. In this comprehensive review, we summarise the effects of PAS in wound healing, tissue remodelling, inflammation, bacterial infection, and in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Specifically, we discuss the role of plasminogen activators (PAs), including urokinase PA (uPA), tissue-type PA (tPA), PA inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and 2 (PAI-2) and activated plasminogen in periodontal tissue, where their concentrations can reach much higher values than those found in other parts of the body. We also discuss whether PA deficiencies can have effects on periodontal tissue. We conclude that in periodontal disease, PAS is unbalanced and equalizing its function can improve the clinical periodontal tissue condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-820, Poland
| | - Ewa Skrzypczak-Jankun
- Urology Research Center, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jerzy Jankun
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Differentiation of tumour-promoting stromal myofibroblasts by cancer exosomes. Oncogene 2014; 34:290-302. [PMID: 24441045 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activation of myofibroblast rich stroma is a rate-limiting step essential for cancer progression. The responsible factors are not fully understood, but TGFβ1 is probably critical. A proportion of TGFβ1 is associated with extracellular nano-vesicles termed exosomes, secreted by carcinoma cells, and the relative importance of soluble and vesicular TGFβ in stromal activation is presented. Prostate cancer exosomes triggered TGFβ1-dependent fibroblast differentiation, to a distinctive myofibroblast phenotype resembling stromal cells isolated from cancerous prostate tissue; supporting angiogenesis in vitro and accelerating tumour growth in vivo. Myofibroblasts generated using soluble TGFβ1 were not pro-angiogenic or tumour-promoting. Cleaving heparan sulphate side chains from the exosome surface had no impact on TGFβ levels yet attenuated SMAD-dependent signalling and myofibroblastic differentiation. Eliminating exosomes from the cancer cell secretome, targeting Rab27a, abolished differentiation and lead to failure in stroma-assisted tumour growth in vivo. Exosomal TGFβ1 is therefore required for the formation of tumour-promoting stroma.
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Mengele K, Napieralski R, Magdolen V, Reuning U, Gkazepis A, Sweep F, Brünner N, Foekens J, Harbeck N, Schmitt M. Characteristics of the level-of-evidence-1 disease forecast cancer biomarkers uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:947-62. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lee JS, Xiao J, Patel P, Schade J, Wang J, Deneen B, Erdreich-Epstein A, Song HR. A novel tumor-promoting role for nuclear factor IA in glioblastomas is mediated through negative regulation of p53, p21, and PAI1. Neuro Oncol 2013; 16:191-203. [PMID: 24305710 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor IA (NFIA), a transcription factor and essential regulator in embryonic glial development, is highly expressed in human glioblastoma (GBM) compared with normal brain, but its contribution to GBM and cancer pathogenesis is unknown. Here we demonstrate a novel role for NFIA in promoting growth and migration of GBM and establish the molecular mechanisms mediating these functions. Methods To determine the role of NFIA in glioma, we examined the effects of NFIA in growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. We used gain-of-function (overexpression) and loss-of-function (shRNA knockdown) of NFIA in primary patient-derived GBM cells and established glioma cell lines in culture and in intracranial xenografts in mouse brains. Results Knockdown of native NFIA blocked tumor growth and induced cell death and apoptosis. Complementing this, NFIA overexpression accelerated growth, proliferation, and migration of GBM in cell culture and in mouse brains. These NFIA tumor-promoting effects were mediated via transcriptional repression of p53, p21, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) through specific NFIA-recognition sequences in their promoters. Importantly, the effects of NFIA on proliferation and apoptosis were independent of TP53 mutation status, a finding especially relevant for GBM, in which TP53 is frequently mutated. Conclusion NFIA is a modulator of GBM growth and migration, and functions by distinct regulation of critical oncogenic pathways that govern the malignant behavior of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Lee
- Corresponding author: Hae-Ri Song, MD, New York University School of Medicine, Smilow Research Center 1306, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
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Kim ER, Yang MH, Lim YJ, Lee JH, Chang DK, Kim YH, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Rhee JC, Kim JY. Association between Plasma Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Colorectal Neoplasms. Gut Liver 2013; 7:519-23. [PMID: 24073308 PMCID: PMC3782665 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.5.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is important for tumor growth, Invasion, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between plasma levels of PAI-1 and colorectal adenomas. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 3,136 subjects who underwent colonoscopy as a screening exam. The subjects were classified into a case group with adenomas (n=990) and a control group (n=2,146). Plasma PAI-1 levels were categorized into three groups based on tertile. Results The plasma levels of PAI-1 were significantly higher in adenoma cases than in controls (p=0.023). The prevalence of colorectal adenomas increased significantly with increasing levels of PAI-1 (p=0.038). In the adenoma group, advanced pathologic features, size, and number of adenomas did not differ among the three groups based on tertiles for plasma PAI-1 levels. Using multivariate analysis, we found that plasma level of PAI-1 was not associated with the risk of colorectal adenomas (p=0.675). Adjusted odds ratios for colorectal adenomas according to increasing plasma levels of PAI-1 were 0.980 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.768 to 1.251) for the second-highest plasma level and 1.091 (95% CI, 0.898 to 1.326) for the highest level, compared with the lowest levels. Conclusions These results suggest that elevated plasma PAI-1 levels are not associated with the risk of colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ran Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is increased in colonic epithelial cells from patients with colitis-associated cancer. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:403-11. [PMID: 22921465 PMCID: PMC5279899 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with long-term ulcerative colitis are at risk for developing colorectal cancer. METHODS Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from ulcerative colitis patients who underwent a colectomy for high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma was examined for changes in expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as well as other mediators of inflammation-associated cancer. Epithelia from areas of colons that showed histologic evidence of carcinoma, high-grade dysplasia, and epithelia that were not dysplastic or malignant but did contain evidence of prior inflammation (quiescent colitis) was microdissected using laser capture microscopy. mRNA was extracted from the microdissected tissue and PCR array analysis was performed. To extend our findings, PAI-1 protein levels were determined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The mRNA expression of PAI-1 is increased 6-fold (p=0.02) when comparing the carcinoma group to the quiescent colitis group; increases were also observed in NFKB2, REL, SRC, and VEGFA. The protein levels of PAI-1 are increased by 50% (p<0.001) in high-grade dysplasia and by 60% (p<0.001) in carcinoma when compared to the quiescent colitis group. CONCLUSIONS The increase in PAI-1 in high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma suggests a functional role for PAI-1 in malignant transformation in colitis-associated cancer. PAI-1 could also prove a useful diagnostic marker to identify patients at risk for neoplasia and it may be a useful therapeutic target to treat colitis-associated cancer.
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Fortenberry YM. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibitors: a patent review (2006-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:801-15. [PMID: 23521527 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.782393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the serine protease inhibitor (serpin), binds to and inhibits the plasminogen activators-tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). This results in both a decrease in plasmin production and a decrease in the dissolution of fibrin clots. Elevated levels of PAI-1 are correlated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and have been linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Consequently, the pharmacological suppression of PAI-1 might prevent or treat vascular disease. AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview of the patenting activity on PAI-1 inhibitors. Patents filed by pharmaceutical companies or individual research groups are described, and the biological and biochemical evaluation of the inhibitors, including in vitro and in vivo studies, is discussed. An overview of patents pertaining to using these inhibitors for treating various diseases is also included. EXPERT OPINION Although there is still no PAI-1 inhibitor being evaluated in a clinical setting or approved for human therapy, research in this field has progressed, and promising new compounds have been designed. Most research has focused on improving the pharmacological profile of these compounds, which will hopefully allow them to proceed to clinical studies. Despite the need for further testing and research, the potential use of PAI-1 inhibitors for treating cardiovascular disease appears quite promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda M Fortenberry
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Department of Pediatrics, 720 Rutland Avenue Ross 1120, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Ichimura A, Matsumoto S, Suzuki S, Dan T, Yamaki S, Sato Y, Kiyomoto H, Ishii N, Okada K, Matsuo O, Hou FF, Vaughan DE, van Ypersele de Strihou C, Miyata T. A small molecule inhibitor to plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 inhibits macrophage migration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:935-42. [PMID: 23471233 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage (Mϕ) migration rests on the adhesion/detachment between Mϕ surface components and extracellular matrixes, and the contribution of numerous inflammatory disorders. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, a serine protease inhibitor, influences Mϕ motility through an action distinct from its classical modulation of the plasmin-based fibrinolytic process. We rely here on a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor (TM5275) to investigate the role of PAI-1 in Mϕ migration in the pathogenesis of renal injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mϕ migration was inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by TM5275. It was also reduced in T-cell-deficient nude mice, but not in PAI-1-deficient mice. Mϕ migration hinged on the interaction of PAI-1 with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, an interaction prevented by TM5275, but not with vitronectin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, or tissue-type plasminogen activator. Fed to rats with anti-Thy-1-induced nephritis, TM5275 significantly decreased Mϕ accumulation and ameliorated the progression of renal injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor represents a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents targeting Mϕ migration by the inhibition of the interaction of PAI-1 with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Altered plasma fibrin clot properties in patients with digestive tract cancers: Links with the increased thrombin generation. Thromb Res 2013; 131:262-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lee JH, Kim Y, Choi JW, Kim YS. Clinicopathological significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:39-45. [PMID: 23291383 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Transcriptional expression of the PAI-1 can be controlled by PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism. However, the significance of PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism in breast cancer patients is contentious. To address this controversy, we conducted a meta-analysis for the relationships between PAI-1 promoter polymorphism and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. METHODS Relevant published studies were identified using a search of PubMed, Embase, and the ISI Web of Science. The effect sizes of PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism on breast cancer risk, lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, and overall survival were calculated by odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio. The effect sizes were combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS Individuals with 4G/4G genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer than those with the combined 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes (OR = 1.388; p = 0.031). Breast cancer patients with the 5G/5G genotype displayed lymph node metastasis more than patients with either the combined other genotypes (OR = 1.495; p = 0.027) or with the 4G/4G genotype (OR = 1.623; p = 0.018). However, the PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism was not associated with histological grade or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with a relatively increased risk of breast cancer development and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Choi M, Lee HS, Naidansaren P, Kim HK, O E, Cha JH, Ahn HY, Yang PI, Shin JC, Joe YA. Proangiogenic features of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their ability to form functional vessels. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:560-70. [PMID: 23246593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells derived from human Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSC) have emerged as a favorable source for autologous and allogenic cell therapy. Here, we characterized the proangiogenic features of WJ-MSCs and examined their ability to form functional vessels in in vivo models. First, we examined whether WJ-MSCs express endothelial and smooth muscle cell specific markers after culture in endothelial growth media. WJ-MSCs expressed an endothelial specific marker, VEGFR1, at mRNA and protein levels, but did not express other specific markers (VEGFR2, Tie2, vWF, CD31, and VE-cadherin). Rather, WJ-MSCs expressed smooth muscle cell specific markers, α-SMA, PDGFR-β and calponin, and were unable to form tube-like structures with lumen on Matrigel. WJ-MSCs secreted growth factors including angiogenin, IGFBP-3, MCP-1, and IL-8, which stimulated endothelial proliferation, migration, and tube formation. When WJ-MSCs suspended in Matrigel were implanted into nude mice, it led to formation of functional vessels containing erythrocytes after 7 days. However, implantation of endothelial cell-suspended Matrigel resulted in no perfused vessels. The implanted WJ-MSCs were stained positively for calponin or PDGFR-β and were located adjacent to the lining of mouse endothelial cells that were stained with labeled BS-lectin B4. In a murine hindlimb ischemia model, the transplantation of MSCs (5×10(5)cells) into the ischemic limbs improved perfusion recovery and neovascularization of the limbs compared to control group. Therefore, the results suggest that WJ-MSCs promote neovascularization and perfusion by secreting paracrine factors and by functioning as perivascular precursor cells, and that WJ-MSCs can be used efficiently for cell therapy of ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Choi
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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