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Fu R, Liu H, Zhang Y, Mao L, Zhu L, Jiang H, Zhang L, Liu X. Imidacloprid affects the visual behavior of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) by mediating the expression of opsin and phototransduction genes and altering the metabolism of neurotransmitters. Sci Total Environ 2024; 910:168572. [PMID: 37992846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the visual toxicity of imidacloprid and the underlying molecular mechanisms in adult zebrafish. After exposure to imidacloprid at environmental relevant concentrations (10 and 100μg/L) for 21 days, the detectable contents of imidacloprid were 23.0 ± 0.80 and 121 ± 1.56 ng/mg in eyes of adult zebrafish, respectively. The visual behavior of adult zebrafish was impaired including a reduced ability to track smoothly visual stimuli and visually guided self-motion. The immunofluorescence experiment showed that the content of Rhodopsin (Rho) in the retina of zebrafish was changed significantly. The expression rhythm of genes played key roles in capturing photons in dim (rho) and bright (opn1mw3, opn1lw2 and opn1sw2) light, and in phototransduction (gnb3b, arr3a and rpe65a), was disrupted significantly throughout a 24-h period in adult zebrafish. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that the content of 16 metabolites associated with neurotransmitter function changed significantly, and were enriched in top three metabolism pathways including Arginine biosynthesis, Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and Tryptophan metabolism. These results indicated that imidacloprid exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations could cause optical toxicity through disturbing the expression of opsins and affecting the phototransduction in the retina of zebrafish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chen Z, Huang Y, Wang B, Peng H, Wang X, Wu H, Chen W, Wang M. T cells: an emerging cast of roles in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:153. [PMID: 37156764 PMCID: PMC10167236 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a distinctly heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder with a high individual and social burden. Immune pathway dysregulation is an important pathophysiological feature of BD. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of BD. Therefore, greater insight into T lymphocytes' functioning in patients with BD is essential. In this narrative review, we describe the presence of an imbalance in the ratio and altered function of T lymphocyte subsets in BD patients, mainly in T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 cells and regulatory T cells, and alterations in hormones, intracellular signaling, and microbiomes may be potential causes. Abnormal T cell presence explains the elevated rates of comorbid inflammatory illnesses in the BD population. We also update the findings on T cell-targeting drugs as potentially immunomodulatory therapeutic agents for BD disease in addition to classical mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid). In conclusion, an imbalance in T lymphocyte subpopulation ratios and altered function may be involved in the development of BD, and maintaining T cell immune homeostasis may provide an overall therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Huanqie Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hongzheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wanxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Marano G, Mazza M, Lisci FM, Ciliberto M, Traversi G, Kotzalidis GD, De Berardis D, Laterza L, Sani G, Gasbarrini A, Gaetani E. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Psychoneuroimmunological Insights. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061496. [PMID: 36986226 PMCID: PMC10059722 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role that the intestinal microbiota and the related autoimmune processes may have in the genesis and presentation of some psychiatric diseases. An alteration in the communication of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which constitutes a communicative model between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastro-enteric tract, has been identified as one of the possible causes of some psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe evidence supporting a role of the gut microbiota in psychiatric diseases and the impact of diet on microbiota and mental health. Change in the composition of the gut microbiota could determine an increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier, leading to a cytokine storm. This could trigger a systemic inflammatory activation and immune response: this series of events could have repercussions on the release of some neurotransmitters, altering the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reducing the presence of trophic brain factors. Although gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders seem to be connected, more effort is needed to understand the potential causative mechanisms underlying the interactions between these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Lisci
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ciliberto
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Traversi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucrezia Laterza
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Davidson M, Rashidi N, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. The Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179968. [PMID: 36077360 PMCID: PMC9456464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar, etc., have become a global health concern, causing various detrimental influences on patients. Tryptophan is an important amino acid that plays an indisputable role in several physiological processes, including neuronal function and immunity. Tryptophan’s metabolism process in the human body occurs using different pathways, including the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. Furthermore, other biologically active components, such as serotonin, melatonin, and niacin, are by-products of Tryptophan pathways. Current evidence suggests that a functional imbalance in the synthesis of Tryptophan metabolites causes the appearance of pathophysiologic mechanisms that leads to various neuropsychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the pharmacological influences of tryptophan and its metabolites on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, tryptophan and its metabolites quantification following the neurotransmitters precursor are highlighted. Eventually, the efficiency of various biomarkers such as inflammatory, protein, electrophysiological, genetic, and proteomic biomarkers in the diagnosis/treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders was discussed to understand the biomarker application in the detection/treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Davidson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Palagini L, Geoffroy PA, Miniati M, Perugi G, Biggio G, Marazziti D, Riemann D. Insomnia, sleep loss, and circadian sleep disturbances in mood disorders: a pathway toward neurodegeneration and neuroprogression? A theoretical review. CNS Spectr 2022; 27:298-308. [PMID: 33427150 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852921000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present paper aims at reviewing and commenting on the relationships between sleep and circadian phasing alterations and neurodegenerative/neuroprogressive processes in mood disorder. We carried out a systematic review, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase electronic databases for literature related to mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and neurodegenerative/neuroprogressive processes in relation to (1) neuroinflammation, (2) activation of the stress system, (3) oxidative stress, (4) accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, and (5) neuroprotection deficit. Seventy articles were collectively selected and analyzed. Experimental and clinical studies revealed that insomnia, conditions of sleep loss, and altered circadian sleep may favor neurodegeneration and neuroprogression in mood disorders. These sleep disturbances may induce a state of chronic inflammation by enhancing neuroinflammation, both directly and indirectly, via microglia and astrocytes activation. They may act as neurobiological stressors that by over-activating the stress system may negatively influence neural plasticity causing neuronal damage. In addition, sleep disturbances may favor the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, favor oxidative stress, and a deficit in neuroprotection hence contributing to neurodegeneration and neuroprogression. Targeting sleep disturbances in the clinical practice may hold a neuroprotective value for mood disorders.
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6
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Mingoti MED, Bertollo AG, Simões JLB, Francisco GR, Bagatini MD, Ignácio ZM. COVID-19, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in the Depression Route. J Mol Neurosci 2022. [PMID: 35322375 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with oxidative stress, peripheral hyper inflammation, and neuroinflammation, especially in individuals with a more severe form of the disease. Some studies provide evidence on the onset or exacerbation of major depressive disorder (MDD), among other psychiatric disorders due to COVID-19. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are associated conditions, especially in the more severe form of MDD and in refractoriness to available therapeutic strategies. Inflammatory cytokines in the COVID-19 hyper inflammation process can activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme. IDO activation can reduce tryptophan and increase toxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, which increases glial activation, neuroinflammation, toxicity, and neuronal death. This review surveyed a number of studies and analyzed the mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuroinflammation involved in COVID-19 and depression. Finally, the importance of more protocols that can help elucidate the interaction between these mechanisms underlying COVID-19 and MDD and the possible therapeutic strategies involved in the interaction of these mechanisms are highlighted.
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7
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Huang Y, Zhao M, Chen X, Zhang R, Le A, Hong M, Zhang Y, Jia L, Zang W, Jiang C, Wang J, Fan X, Wang J. Tryptophan Metabolism in Central Nervous System Diseases: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Aging Dis 2022; 14:858-878. [PMID: 37191427 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of L-tryptophan (TRP) regulates homeostasis, immunity, and neuronal function. Altered TRP metabolism has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases of the central nervous system. TRP is metabolized through two main pathways, the kynurenine pathway and the methoxyindole pathway. First, TRP is metabolized to kynurenine, then kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and finally 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid along the kynurenine pathway. Second, TRP is metabolized to serotonin and melatonin along the methoxyindole pathway. In this review, we summarize the biological properties of key metabolites and their pathogenic functions in 12 disorders of the central nervous system: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Furthermore, we summarize preclinical and clinical studies, mainly since 2015, that investigated the metabolic pathway of TRP, focusing on changes in biomarkers of these neurologic disorders, their pathogenic implications, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting this metabolic pathway. This critical, comprehensive, and up-to-date review helps identify promising directions for future preclinical, clinical, and translational research on neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Fellendorf FT, Gostner JM, Lenger M, Platzer M, Birner A, Maget A, Queissner R, Tmava-Berisha A, Pater CA, Ratzenhofer M, Wagner-Skacel J, Bengesser SA, Dalkner N, Fuchs D, Reininghaus EZ. Tryptophan Metabolism in Bipolar Disorder in a Longitudinal Setting. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1795. [PMID: 34829665 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory processes and oxidative stress are involved in the aetiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) and weight-associated comorbidities. Tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) along the kynurenine axis concomitant with a pro-inflammatory state was found to be more active in BD, and associated with overweight/obesity. This study aimed to investigate tryptophan metabolism in BD compared to controls (C), stratified by weight classes, in a longitudinal setting, dependent on the incidence of BD episodes. Peripheral tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin were assessed in the serum of 226 BD individuals and 142 C. Three samples in a longitudinal assessment were used for 75 BD individuals. Results showed a higher kynurenine/tryptophan in both BD compared to C and overweight compared to normal weight persons. Levels remained stable over time. In the longitudinal course, no differences were found between individuals who were constantly euthymic or not, or who had an illness episode or had none. Findings indicate that tryptophan, kynurenine, and IDO-1 activity may play a role in pathophysiology in BD but are not necessarily associated with clinical manifestations. Accelerated tryptophan breakdown along the kynurenine axis may be facilitated by being overweight. This may increase the risk of accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites, impacting BD symptomatology, cognition, and somatic comorbidities.
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Bartoli F, Misiak B, Callovini T, Cavaleri D, Cioni RM, Crocamo C, Savitz JB, Carrà G. The kynurenine pathway in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis on the peripheral blood levels of tryptophan and related metabolites. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3419-29. [PMID: 33077852 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that a dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) occurs in bipolar disorder (BD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the possible differences in peripheral blood levels of KP metabolites between individuals with BD and healthy controls. We searched Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo electronic databases for articles indexed up to February 2020. We included any observational study comparing the peripheral blood levels of at least one KP metabolite between adults with BD and healthy controls. Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out generating pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs). Heterogeneity between studies was estimated using the I2 index. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria and were included in our study. Meta-analyses showed that individuals with BD have lower peripheral blood levels of tryptophan (SMD = -0.29), kynurenine (SMD = -0.28), kynurenic acid (SMD = -0.30), and xanthurenic acid (SMD = -0.55), along with lower kynurenic acid to kynurenine (SMD = -0.60) and kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid (SMD = -0.37) ratios, than healthy controls. Individuals with a manic episode showed the greatest reductions in tryptophan levels (SMD = -0.51), whereas kynurenic acid levels were more reduced among subjects in a depressive phase (SMD = -0.70). Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses confirmed our results. The findings of the present meta-analysis support the hypothesis of an abnormality of the KP in BD. Considering the partial inconsistency of the findings and the small-to-medium magnitude of the estimated effect sizes, additional research assessing possible mediators or confounders is needed.
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10
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with a high individual and societal burden. While not all patients display overt markers of elevated inflammation, significant evidence suggests that aberrant immune signaling contributes to all stages of the disease, and likely explains the elevated rates of comorbid inflammatory illnesses seen in this population. While individual systems have been intensely studied and targeted, a relative paucity of attention has been given to the interconnecting role of inflammatory signals therein. This review presents an updated overview of some of the most prominent pathophysiologic mechanisms in bipolar disorder, from mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticular, and calcium homeostasis, to purinergic, kynurenic, and hormonal/neurotransmitter signaling, showing inflammation to act as a powerful nexus between these systems. Several areas with a high degree of mechanistic convergence within this paradigm are highlighted to present promising future targets for therapeutic development and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Courtney M Vecera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Omar F Pinjari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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11
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Ioannou M, Foiselle M, Mallet J, Stam EL, Godin O, Dubertret C, Terro E, Sommer IEC, Haarman BCM, Leboyer M, Schoevers RA. Towards precision medicine: What are the stratification hypotheses to identify homogeneous inflammatory subgroups. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 45:108-121. [PMID: 33189523 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diverse lines of research testify a link, presumably causal, between immune dysregulation and the development, course and clinical outcome of psychiatric disorders. However, there is a large heterogeneity among the patients' individual immune profile and this heterogeneity prevents the development of precise diagnostic tools and the identification of therapeutic targets. The aim of this review was to delineate possible subgroups of patients on the basis of clinical dimensions, investigating whether they could lead to particular immune signatures and tailored treatments. We discuss six clinical entry points; genetic liability to immune dysregulation, childhood maltreatment, metabolic syndrome, cognitive dysfunction, negative symptoms and treatment resistance. We describe the associated immune signature and outline the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs so far. Finally, we discuss advantages of this approach, challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ioannou
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cells and Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M Foiselle
- Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Est Créteil DMU Impact, Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, Mondor University Hospitals, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, IMRB, Team 15, "Translational NeuroPsychiatry", Créteil, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - J Mallet
- Hôpitaux de Paris Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France; INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - E L Stam
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - O Godin
- INSERM U955, IMRB, Team 15, "Translational NeuroPsychiatry", Créteil, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - C Dubertret
- Hôpitaux de Paris Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France; INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - E Terro
- INSERM U955, IMRB, Team 15, "Translational NeuroPsychiatry", Créteil, France
| | - I E C Sommer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cells and Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B C M Haarman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Leboyer
- Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Est Créteil DMU Impact, Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, Mondor University Hospitals, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, IMRB, Team 15, "Translational NeuroPsychiatry", Créteil, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - R A Schoevers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Afridi R, Seol S, Kang HJ, Suk K. Brain-immune interactions in neuropsychiatric disorders: Lessons from transcriptome studies for molecular targeting. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114532. [PMID: 33773976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders has been a challenging quest for neurobiologists. Recent years have witnessed enormous technological advances in the field of neuroimmunology, blurring boundaries between the central nervous system and the periphery. Consequently, the discipline has expanded to cover interactions between the nervous and immune systems in health and diseases. The complex interplay between the peripheral and central immune pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders has recently been documented in various studies, but the genetic determinants remain elusive. Recent transcriptome studies have identified dysregulated genes involved in peripheral immune cell activation, blood-brain barrier integrity, glial cell activation, and synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Herein, the key transcriptomic techniques applied in investigating differentially expressed genes and pathways responsible for altered brain-immune interactions in neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed. The application of transcriptomics that can aid in identifying molecular targets in various neuropsychiatric disorders is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihwan Seol
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Geoffroy PA, Palagini L. Biological rhythms and chronotherapeutics in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110158. [PMID: 33152388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depressive syndromes are frequent and heterogeneous brain conditions with more than 90% of patients suffering from sleep complaints. Better characterizing this "sleep" domain may allow to both better treat acute episodes with existing chronotherapeutics, but also to prevent the manifestation or recurrences of mood disorders. This work aims to i) review theoretical and fundamental data of chronotherapeutics, and ii) provide practical recommendations. Light therapy (LT) can be used as a first-line monotherapy of moderate to severe depression of all subtypes. LT can be also used as a combination with antidepressant to maximize patients' response rates, which has a clear superiority to antidepressant alone. Sleep deprivation (SD) is a rapid and powerful chronotherapeutic with antidepressant responses within hours in 45-60% of patients with unipolar or bipolar depression. Different strategies should be combined to stabilize the SD antidepressant effect, including concomitant medications, repeated SD, combination with sleep phase advance and/or LT (triple chronotherapy). Melatonin treatment is of interest in remitted patients with mood disorder to prevent relapses or recurrences, if a complaint of insomnia, poor sleep quality or phase delay syndrome is associated. During the acute phase, melatonin could be used as an adjuvant treatment for symptoms of insomnia associated with depression. The cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can be recommend to treat insomnia during euthymic phases. The Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) is indicated for the acute treatment of bipolar depression and for the prevention of mood episodes. Chronotherapeutics should always be associated with behavioral measures for healthy sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France; GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.
| | - Laura Palagini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Section, University of Pisa; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AUOP), Pisa, Italy
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14
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Dos Santos LC, Junqueira Ayres DD, de Sousa Pinto ÍA, Silveira MA, Albino MDC, Holanda VAD, Lima RH, André E, Padovan CM, Gavioli EC, de Paula Soares V. Early and late behavioral consequences of ethanol withdrawal: focus on brain indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity. Alcohol 2021; 90:1-9. [PMID: 33031882 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are symptoms associated with ethanol withdrawal that lead individuals to relapse. In the kynurenine pathway, the enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is responsible for the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, and dysregulation of this pathway has been associated with psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. The present study evaluated the early and late behavioral and biochemical effects of ethanol withdrawal in rats. Male Wistar rats were submitted to increasing concentrations of ethanol in drinking water during 21 days. In experiment 1, both control and withdrawal groups were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests 3, 5, 10, 19, and 21 days following ethanol removal. In experiment 2, animals were euthanized 3 days (short-term) or 21 days (long-term) after withdrawal, and the brains were dissected altogether, following kynurenine concentration analysis in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Short-term ethanol withdrawal decreased the exploration of the open arms in the elevated plus-maze. In the forced swimming test, long-term ethanol-withdrawn rats displayed higher immobility time than control animals. Ethanol withdrawal altered neither locomotion nor motor coordination of rats. In experiment 2, kynurenine concentrations were increased in the prefrontal cortex after a long-term period of withdrawal. In conclusion, short-term ethanol withdrawal produced anxiety-like behaviors, while long-term withdrawal favored depressive-like behaviors. Long-term ethanol withdrawal elevated kynurenine levels, specifically in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting that the depressive-like responses observed after long-term withdrawal might be related to the increased IDO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Carla Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Décio Dutra Junqueira Ayres
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Aleksei de Sousa Pinto
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marana Ali Silveira
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Maryelle de Cássia Albino
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Victor Anastácio Duarte Holanda
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ramón Hypolito Lima
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute for Neuroscience, Macaiba, RN, Brazil
| | - Eunice André
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Padovan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Paula Soares
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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15
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Abstract
The gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in a bidirectional relationship with the host. Bacterial functions in the gut play a critical role in healthy host functioning, and its disruption can contribute to many medical conditions. The relationship between gut microbiota and the brain has gained attention in mental health due to the mounting evidence supporting the association of gut bacteria with mood and behavior. Patients with bipolar disorder exhibit an increased frequency of gastrointestinal illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease, which mechanistically has been linked to microbial community function. While the heterogeneity in microbial communities between individuals might be associated with disease risk, it may also moderate the efficacy or adverse effects associated with the use of medication. The following review highlights published evidence linking the function of gut microbiota both to bipolar disorder risk and to the effect of medications that influence microbiota, inflammation, and mood symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Flowers
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,
| | - Kristen M Ward
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Crystal T Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Zhang L, Verwer RWH, Lucassen PJ, Huitinga I, Swaab DF. Sex difference in glia gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder: Relation to psychotic features. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 125:66-74. [PMID: 32208195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide, psychotic features and gender influence the epidemiology and clinical prognosis of bipolar disorder (BD). Differences in glial function between the genders might contribute to these clinical variables. Here we studied expression of glial genes in human post-mortem prefrontal cortex of BD and control subjects in relation to suicide, psychotic features and sex. METHODS Real time PCR was used to detect transcriptional alterations of 16 glia-related genes in two brain areas, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), from 30 patients with BD subdivided by suicide and psychotic features, and from 34 well-matched control cases. RESULTS We found no evidence of immune activation in BD. Instead, we found three microglial genes to be downregulated in the DLPFC of non-suicidal individuals with BD, i.e. CD68, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and purinergic receptor 12 (P2RY12). A remarkable sex difference was observed in the DLPFC of patients with BD: 14 glia-related genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in males, including all three glial cell types. A subset analysis showed that the sex differences were closely associated with the presence of psychotic features. CONCLUSIONS No evidence of immune activation was found in these two brain regions in BD. The sex-specific differences in glial gene expression in BD, found particularly in patients with psychotic features, may be associated with the potential co-existence of mania and psychotic features and could potentially contribute to the gender-biased characteristics in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald W H Verwer
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Brain Plasticity Group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neuroimmunology Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Maget A, Platzer M, Bengesser SA, Fellendorf FT, Birner A, Queissner R, Hamm C, Reininghaus B, Hecker A, Tomberger L, Pilz R, Dalkner N, Moll N, Schütze G, Schwarz M, Kapfhammer HP, Reininghaus EZ. Differences in Kynurenine Metabolism During Depressive, Manic, and Euthymic Phases of Bipolar Affective Disorder. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1344-1352. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190802145128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objectives:
The kynurenine pathway is involved in inflammatory diseases. Alterations
of this pathway were shown in psychiatric entities as well. The aim of this study was to determine
whether specific changes in kynurenine metabolism are associated with current mood symptoms in bipolar
disorder.
Methods:
Sum scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Young Mania
Rating Scale were collected from 156 bipolar individuals to build groups of depressive, manic and
euthymic subjects according to predefined cut-off scores. Severity of current mood symptoms was correlated
with activities of the enzymes kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (ratio of 3-hydroxykynurenine/
kynurenine), kynurenine aminotransferase (ratio of kynurenic acid/ kynurenine) and kynureninase (ratio of
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid/ 3-hydroxykynurenine), proxied by ratios of serum concentrations.
Results:
Individuals with manic symptoms showed a shift towards higher kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
activity (χ2 = 7.14, Df = 2, p = .028), compared to euthymic as well as depressed individuals. There were no
differences between groups regarding activity of kynurenine aminotransferase and kynureninase. Within
the group of depressed patients, Hamilton Depression Scale and kynurenine aminotransferase showed a
significant negative correlation (r = -0.41, p = .036), displaying lower metabolism in the direction of
kynurenic acid.
Conclusion:
Depression severity in bipolar disorder seems to be associated with a decreased synthesis of
putative neuroprotective kynurenic acid. Furthermore, higher kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity in currently
manic individuals indicates an increased inflammatory state within bipolar disorder with more severe
inflammation during manic episodes. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the different affective
episodes could represent parallel mechanisms rather than opposed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne A. Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T. Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carlo Hamm
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrzej Hecker
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Tomberger
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renè Pilz
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Natalie Moll
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Medical Center of Munich University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Schütze
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Medical Center of Munich University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Medical Center of Munich University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Hans P. Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Z. Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Quan C, Wang S, Duan K, Ma J, Yu H, Yang M, Hu N, Long G, Zeng G, Huang Z. The role of kynurenine pathway and kynurenic aminotransferase alleles in postpartum depression following cesarean section in Chinese women. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01566. [PMID: 32101387 PMCID: PMC7177593 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A growing body of data indicates that the kynurenine pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). Kynurenic aminotransferase (KAT) is an important kynurenine pathway enzyme, catalyzing kynurenine (KYN) into kynurenic acid (KYNA). This study investigated as to whether genetic variations in KAT are associated with PDS. METHODS A cohort of 360 Chinese women scheduled to undergo cesarean delivery was enrolled into this study. PDS was determined by an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥ 13. A total of eight KAT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and their association with PDS investigated. Serum concentrations of KYN, KYNA, and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in women with or without PDS were also measured. This allowed the determination of the KYNA/KYN ratio, which is reflective of KAT activity. RESULTS Postpartum depressive symptoms incidence was 7.2%. Advanced maternal age, lower education, antenatal depression, and postpartum blues were risk factors for PDS (p < .05). Women with PDS, versus non-PDS, had heightened KYN levels one day prior to surgery (ante-d1) (p < .05), as well as having significantly lower KYNA and higher QUIN levels at postnatal day three (post-d3) (p < .05). Women with, versus without, PDS also had a significantly higher QUIN/KYNA ratio at post-d3 (p < .05). KAT activity was significantly lower in women with, versus without, PDS at ante-d3 (p < .05). No significant association was evident between the KAT SNPs and PDS. CONCLUSION Our data support a role for alterations in the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of PDS, although no significant association was found for the eight tested KAT SNPs with PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxuan Quan
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiming Duan
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Heya Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Long
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesia, Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of worldwide disability among mood disorders. Pathological mechanisms are still vastly unclear, and current treatments with conventional medications are often unsatisfactory in maintaining symptoms control and an adequate quality of life. Consequently, current research is focusing on shedding new light on disease pathogenesis, to improve therapeutic effectiveness. Recent evidence has suggested a prominent role of inflammation in mood disorders. Elevated levels of peripheral proinflammatory mediators have been reported in BD, as well as in other mood disorders, and people with systemic autoimmune diseases have an increased risk of developing BD. These immunological alterations are stable, and current medications are unable to alter peripheral concentrations even when clinical improvement is evident. These findings have also been replicated in the central nervous system (CNS) milieu, whereas genetic studies have shown that these immune alterations are not due to the disorder itself, being detectable before the illness onset. Moreover, these inflammatory modifications seem to be affected by and linked to other biomarkers of the disorder, such as alterations of white matter (WM) microstructure, metabolism, kynurenine pathway, and circadian rhythmicity. Finally, these immune variations seem to be useful as predictors of therapeutic responsiveness to medications, and in discriminating between clinically different outcomes. The objective of this review is to summarize available evidence on the connection between inflammation and BD, focusing on peripheral inflammatory markers and recent findings on their connection with other typical features of BD, to outline a general overview of the disorder. Moreover, it is meant to analyze the issues with data gathering and interpretation, given the partially contradictory and inconsistent nature of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Aggio
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Pratesi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Greco
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Yi G, Safdar B, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu X. A study of the mechanism of small-molecule soybean-protein-derived peptide supplement to promote sleep in a mouse model. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11264-11273. [PMID: 35495343 PMCID: PMC9050437 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the effects of dietary supplementation with small-molecule soybean-protein-derived peptide (SBP) on sleep duration in mice are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Yi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Bushra Safdar
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - You Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
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Poletti S, Melloni E, Aggio V, Colombo C, Valtorta F, Benedetti F, Comai S. Grey and white matter structure associates with the activation of the tryptophan to kynurenine pathway in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:404-412. [PMID: 31610997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness characterised by reduced grey matter (GM) volumes and cortical thickness, and disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure. Activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase following a pro-inflammatory state could increase the amount of tryptophan (Trp) converted to kynurenine (Kyn) possibly leading to the production of detrimental catabolites of the Kyn pathway with neurotoxic effects. We investigated if peripheral levels of Trp-and Kyn and the breakdown of Trp-into Kyn (Kyn/Trp-ratio) are related to WM and GM integrity in BD. METHODS Peripheral levels of Trp-and Kyn were analysed in 72 patients with BD and 33 controls. Patients also underwent MRI in a Philips 3T scanner. RESULTS Patients showed higher Kyn levels and Kyn/Trp-ratio compared to controls. MRI analyses performed in patients with BD showed a negative association between the Kyn/Trp-ratio and the integrity of corpus callosum microstructure, the volume of the amygdala and cortical thickness in fronto-parietal regions. LIMITATION The lack of information on the levels of downstream metabolites of Kyn prevent us to confirm the possible unbalance between quinolinic and kynurenic acids as well as their possible relationship with changes in GM and WM markers. The activation of the Kyn pathway as suggested by the increased Kyn/Trp-ratio may lead to an imbalance of the neurotoxic vs the neuroprotective arm of the biochemical pathway, resulting in significant changes in GM and WM regions of brain areas strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of BD, such as amygdala and corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Melloni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Aggio
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Comai
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
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22
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Geoffroy P, Micoulaud Franchi JA, Lopez R, Schroder C. The use of melatonin in adult psychiatric disorders: Expert recommendations by the French institute of medical research on sleep (SFRMS). Encephale 2019; 45:413-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Naguy
- Al-Manara Child&Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Kuwait Centre for Mental Health, Shuwaikh, State of Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Konstantinos Francis
- National&Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece&Al-Manara Child&Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Kuwait Centre for Mental Health, Shuwaikh, State of Kuwait, Kuwait.
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24
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Castillo MFR, Murata S, Schwarz M, Schütze G, Moll N, Martin B, Burger B, Weidinger E, Mueller N, Halaris A. Celecoxib augmentation of escitalopram in treatment-resistant bipolar depression and the effects on Quinolinic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Maruani J, Anderson G, Etain B, Lejoyeux M, Bellivier F, Geoffroy PA. The neurobiology of adaptation to seasons: Relevance and correlations in bipolar disorders. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1335-1353. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1487975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maruani
- Inserm, U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis – Lariboisière – F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | | | - Bruno Etain
- Inserm, U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis – Lariboisière – F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Michel Lejoyeux
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology, Paris Hospital Group – Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictive Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University – Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Inserm, U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis – Lariboisière – F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Pierre A. Geoffroy
- Inserm, U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis – Lariboisière – F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
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Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Anderson G, Rosati J, Mazzoccoli G, Linkova NS. Reciprocal Interactions of Mitochondria and the Neuroimmunoendocrine System in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Important Role for Melatonin Regulation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:199. [PMID: 29593561 PMCID: PMC5857592 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional alterations of mitochondria are intimately linked to a wide array of medical conditions. Many factors are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function, including cytokines, chaperones, chemokines, neurosteroids, and ubiquitins. The role of diffusely located cells of the neuroendocrine system, including biogenic amines and peptide hormones, in the management of mitochondrial function, as well as the role of altered mitochondrial function in the regulation of these cells and system, is an area of intense investigation. The current article looks at the interactions among the cells of the neuronal-glia, immune and endocrine systems, namely the diffuse neuroimmunoendocrine system (DNIES), and how DNIES interacts with mitochondrial function. Whilst changes in DNIES can impact on mitochondrial function, local, and systemic alterations in mitochondrial function can alter the component systems of DNIES and their interactions. This has etiological, course, and treatment implications for a wide range of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders. Available data on the role of melatonin in these interactions, at cellular and system levels, are reviewed, with directions for future research indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Polyakova
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductology, Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor M Kvetnoy
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductology, Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - George Anderson
- CRC Scotland and London Clinical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Natalya S Linkova
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Mukherjee D, Krishnamurthy VB, Millett CE, Reider A, Can A, Groer M, Fuchs D, Postolache TT, Saunders EF. Total sleep time and kynurenine metabolism associated with mood symptom severity in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:27-34. [PMID: 28833866 PMCID: PMC5807208 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic, low-level inflammation is associated with symptomatic bipolar disorder (BD) and with chronic insomnia. Disrupted sleep is a feature of episodes of both mania and depression. We examined the effect of neopterin, a marker of cellular immune activation, and kynurenine (KYN), an inflammatory byproduct of the serotonin pathway, on the association between total sleep time and depression severity in BD. METHOD Twenty-one symptomatic BD participants and 28 healthy controls (HC) were recruited and followed during usual clinical care. At baseline and after symptomatic recovery, total sleep time was objectively measured with actigraphy for 1 week and blood plasma was collected to measure the serotonin precursor tryptophan (TRP), KYN, the KYN/TRP ratio, and neopterin levels. Statistical analyses were conducted using chi-square, independent t tests and hierarchical linear multiple regression models. RESULTS Total sleep time was correlated positively with depressive severity and negatively with manic severity. TRP was significantly reduced in BD participants compared to HC. KYN, TRP, and the KYN/TRP ratio were associated with depressive severity when total sleep time and body mass index (BMI) were included in the model. The KYN/TRP ratio trended towards a negative association with mania symptoms, controlling for BMI and total sleep time, in acutely symptomatic BD participants. Neopterin was not associated with sleep or mood severity. After usual clinical care, BD participants showed significantly decreased clinical symptoms but no significant differences in sleep phenotype or biomarkers. CONCLUSION Inflammation, sleep, and mood are closely intertwined. Future research into the effect of inflammation on sleep in BD may lead to clinical markers of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Mukherjee
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Venkatesh Bassapa Krishnamurthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Caitlin E. Millett
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Aubrey Reider
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Adem Can
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen Groer
- University of South Florida, School of Nursing, Tampa FL
| | | | - Teodor T Postolache
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Rocky Mountain MIRECC (Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center), Denver, Co,The Military and Veteran Microbiome, Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-Core), Denver, Colorado
| | - Erika F.H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin has a role in affective disorders such as depression and anxiety, as well as sleep, cognitive function and appetite. This review examines the evidence that serotonin-related genotypes may moderate the behavioural effects of supplementation with the serotonin precursor amino acidl-tryptophan (TRP), on which synthesis of serotonin (or 5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) depends. However, 95 % of serotonin is synthesised and used in the periphery, and TRP is also metabolised via non-5-HT routes such as the kynurenine pathway. Moreover, understanding of genotypes involved in regulation of serotonin raises questions over the generalisability of TRP effects on behaviour across individuals with varied serotonergic genotypes. To date, only differences between variants of the 5-HT transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) have been investigated in relation to behavioural effects of TRP supplementation. Effects of 5-HTTLPR genotypes are usually compared between the alleles that are either high (L/L′) or low (S/S′) expressing of mRNA for the 5-HT transporter receptor. Yet, another key genetic variable is sex: in women, the S/S′ genotype predicts sensitivity to improved mood and reduced cortisol by TRP supplementation, during stressful challenges, whereas the L/L′ genotype protects against stress-induced mood deterioration. In men, the L/L′ genotype may confer risk of stress-induced increases in negative affect; there are insufficient data to assess effects on male S/S′ genotypes. However, better-powered studies to detect sex by genotype by stress by TRP interactions, as well as consideration of more genotypes, are needed before strong conclusions and recommendations for behavioural effects of TRP treatment can be reached.
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Anderson G. Linking the biological underpinnings of depression: Role of mitochondria interactions with melatonin, inflammation, sirtuins, tryptophan catabolites, DNA repair and oxidative and nitrosative stress, with consequences for classification and cognition. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:255-266. [PMID: 28433458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological underpinnings of neuroprogressive processes in recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) are reviewed. A wide array of biochemical processes underlie MDD presentations and their shift to a recurrent, neuroprogressive course, including: increased immune-inflammation, tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), mitochondrial dysfunction, aryl hydrocarbonn receptor activation, and oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), as well as decreased sirtuins and melatonergic pathway activity. These biochemical changes may have their roots in central, systemic and/or peripheral sites, including in the gut, as well as in developmental processes, such as prenatal stressors and breastfeeding consequences. Consequently, conceptualizations of MDD have dramatically moved from simple psychological and central biochemical models, such as lowered brain serotonin, to a conceptualization that incorporates whole body processes over a lifespan developmental timescale. However, important hubs are proposed, including the gut-brain axis, and mitochondrial functioning, which may provide achievable common treatment targets despite considerable inter-individual variability in biochemical changes. This provides a more realistic model of the complexity of MDD and the pathophysiological processes that underpin the shift to rMDD and consequent cognitive deficits. Such accumulating data on the pathophysiological processes underpinning MDD highlights the need in psychiatry to shift to a classification system that is based on biochemical processes, rather than subjective phenomenology.
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Kanchanatawan B, Sirivichayakul S, Carvalho AF, Anderson G, Galecki P, Maes M. Depressive, anxiety and hypomanic symptoms in schizophrenia may be driven by tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) patterning of IgA and IgM responses directed to TRYCATs. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:205-216. [PMID: 28690204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to delineate the associations between the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway and affective symptoms in schizophrenia. Towards this end we measured immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM responses to relatively noxious TRYCATs, namely quinolinic (QA), xanthurenic (XA), picolinic (PA) acid and 3-OH-kynurenine (3HK), and generally protective TRYCATs, namely anthranilic (AA) and kynurenic (KA) acid in 80 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS) and anxiety (HAMA), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) as well as the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale of Schizophrenia (PANSS) were measured. Depression, anxiety and hypomanic as well as negative and positive symptoms were associated with increased IgA responses to PA. Increased IgA responses to XA were associated with anxiety, hypomanic and negative symptoms. Moreover, depressive, anxiety, hypomanic and negative symptoms were characterized by increased IgA responses to the noxious (XA+3HK+QA+PA)/protective (AA+KA) TRYCAT ratio. All symptom dimensions were associated with increased IgM responses to QA, while depressive, anxiety, positive and negative symptoms were accompanied by lowered IgM responses to 3HK. Hypomanic symptoms were additionally accompanied by lowered IgM responses to AA, and negative symptoms by increased IgM responses to KA. In conclusion, both shared and distinct alterations in the activity of the TRYCAT pathway, as well as its regulatory factors and consequences, may underpin affective and classical psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Increased mucosa-generated production of noxious TRYCATs, especially PA, and specific changes in IgM-mediated regulatory activities may be associated with the different symptom dimensions of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Geoffroy P, Micoulaud Franchi JA, Lopez R, Poirot I, Brion A, Royant-Parola S, Etain B. Comment caractériser et traiter les plaintes de sommeil dans les troubles bipolaires ? Encephale 2017; 43:363-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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de Melo LGP, Nunes SOV, Anderson G, Vargas HO, Barbosa DS, Galecki P, Carvalho AF, Maes M. Shared metabolic and immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways in the metabolic syndrome and mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78:34-50. [PMID: 28438472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the shared immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and metabolic pathways underpinning metabolic syndrome (MetS), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Shared pathways in both MetS and mood disorders are low grade inflammation, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, increased lipid peroxidation with formation of malondialdehyde and oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), hypernitrosylation, lowered levels of antioxidants, most importantly zinc and paraoxonase (PON1), increased bacterial translocation (leaky gut), increased atherogenic index of plasma and Castelli risk indices; and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) cholesterol. Insulin resistance is probably not a major factor associated with mood disorders. Given the high levels of IO&NS and metabolic dysregulation in BD and MDD and the high comorbidity with the atherogenic components of the MetS, mood disorders should be viewed as systemic neuro-IO&NS-metabolic disorders. The IO&NS-metabolic biomarkers may have prognostic value and may contribute to the development of novel treatments targeting neuro-immune, neuro-oxidative and neuro-nitrosative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Piccoli de Melo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Décio Sabbattini Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands; Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Dalkner N, Platzer M, Bengesser SA, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Queissner R, Painold A, Mangge H, Fuchs D, Reininghaus B, Kapfhammer HP, Holasek SJ, Reininghaus EZ. The role of tryptophan metabolism and food craving in the relationship between obesity and bipolar disorder. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1744-1751. [PMID: 28712531 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have a significantly increased risk of obesity-related conditions. The imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure is assumed to be a major risk factor for obesity in BD. This study analyzed food craving in relation to anthropometric, metabolic, and neurobiological parameters in a well-characterized cohort of euthymic individuals with BD. METHODS One-hundred-thirty-five patients completed the Food-Craving Inventory assessing four categories of food craving (fat, fast-food, sweets and carbohydrate craving). Additionally, clinical, metabolic and anthropometric parameters were assessed. RESULTS Higher levels of fat craving were observed in males, versus females, with BD. High levels of carbohydrate craving positively correlated with kynurenine and the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio. Higher serum nitrite and neopterin levels were related to fat craving. Parameters of fat metabolism (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein) were associated with fat and fast-food craving. Anthropometric measures of obesity (e.g. body mass index, waist-to-hip-ratio) were not related to food craving. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obese individuals with BD show an increased driving of tryptophan down the kynurenine pathways, as indicated by an increase in the serum kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio. The driving of tryptophan down the kynurenine pathway is mediated by immune-inflammatory activity and stress. The correlation of increased kynurenine with food craving, especially carbohydrate craving, probably indicates a regulatory deficit in the maintenance of chronic inflammatory processes in obesity and BD. Food craving seems to be of clinical importance in the treatment of metabolic disturbances in BD, although not associated with anthropometric measures of obesity. Rather, food craving correlates with blood metabolic parameters and an increased activation of the kynurenine pathway, both of which are linked to higher affective symptomatology and the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Graz, Austria.
| | - S A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - A Birner
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - R Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - A Painold
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - H Mangge
- Research Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-associated Risk Biomarkers, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - D Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Reininghaus
- Therapiezentrum Justuspark, Versicherungsanstalt öffentlich Bediensteter, Bad Hall, Austria
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - S J Holasek
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria
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Geoffroy PA, Godin O, Mahee D, Henry C, Aubin V, Azorin JM, Bougerol T, Courtet P, Gard S, Kahn JP, Passerieux C, Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Etain B. Seasonal pattern in bipolar disorders and cardio-vascular risk factors: A study from the FACE-BD cohort. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:845-854. [PMID: 28537802 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1324472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal pattern (SP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are major contributors to poor outcome in bipolar disorders (BD). Patients with seasonal bipolar depression present increased appetite, carbohydrate cravings, weight gain, and hypersomnia, which can increase the development of MetS. MetS also appears to be associated with seasonal mood changes in the general population. This study examines whether a SP in BD is associated with an increased risk of MetS and its sub-components. One thousand four hundred and seventy-one outpatients with BD were systematically enrolled from 2009 to 2016. Inclusion required a disease duration of at least 5 years, with 486 (33%) patients with SP (SP+) and 985 (67%) without (SP-) according to the DSM IV-TR criteria. When using continuous measures of metabolic components, SP+ patients, as compared to SP-, suffered from higher levels for systolic blood pressure (p = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.009), fasting glucose (p = 0.007), triglycerides levels (p = 0.03), a larger abdominal circumference (p = 0.02), and a higher body mass index (p = 0.07). In the covariance analysis, adjusted for gender, age, and bipolar subtype, as well as the number of depressive and hypomanic episode, SP+ patients had a significantly higher level of fasting glucose and higher systolic blood pressure. The frequency of MetS did not differ between groups (21.2% in SP- versus 23.9% in SP+). When using categorical definitions for abnormal metabolic components (International Diabetes Federation criteria), there were no differences between groups, except that SP+ patients were more overweight/obese as compared to SP- patients (55.03% versus 46.7%, respectively; p = 0.002) and tended to have more frequently high fasting glucose (18.2% versus 14.3%, respectively; p = 0.07). MetS was frequent in patients with BD, however not associated with SP. Patients with SP appeared more vulnerable to overweight/obesity and presented with higher levels of MetS subcomponents although these parameters were mainly in the normal range. All patients with BD should benefit from early screening and targeted management of cardio-vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Geoffroy
- a AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Inserm, U1144 , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Ophelia Godin
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,e Inserm, U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle , Créteil , France.,f Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136) , Paris , France.,g INSERM, UMR_S 1136 , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Diane Mahee
- a AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France
| | - Chantal Henry
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,e Inserm, U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle , Créteil , France.,h Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine , Créteil , France.,j Institut Pasteur, Unité Perception et Mémoire , Paris , France
| | - Valérie Aubin
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,k Service de psychiatrie, Centre hospitalier Princesse-Grace , Avenue Pasteur , Monaco
| | - Jean-Michel Azorin
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,l Pôle de psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS , CRN2M UMR 7286 , Marseille , France
| | - Thierry Bougerol
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,m Clinique Universitaire de Psychiatrie, CHU de Grenoble , Grenoble , France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,n Département d'Urgence et Post Urgence Psychiatrique , CHRU Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Université Montpellier 1 , Montpellier , France
| | - Sébastien Gard
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,o Centre Expert Trouble Bipolaire, Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens , Bordeaux , France
| | - Jean-Pierre Kahn
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,p Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy et Pôle 6 de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique - Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy , 1 rue du Docteur Archambault, Laxou Cedex , France
| | - Christine Passerieux
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,q Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte , Le Chesnay , France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France.,e Inserm, U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle , Créteil , France.,h Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine , Créteil , France.,i AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie , Créteil , France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- a AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Inserm, U1144 , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Bruno Etain
- a AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Inserm, U1144 , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
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Anderson G, Maes M. Interactions of Tryptophan and Its Catabolites With Melatonin and the Alpha 7 Nicotinic Receptor in Central Nervous System and Psychiatric Disorders: Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Direct Mitochondria Regulation. Int J Tryptophan Res 2017; 10:1178646917691738. [PMID: 28469467 PMCID: PMC5398327 DOI: 10.1177/1178646917691738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work indicates an intimate interaction of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathways with the melatonergic pathways, primarily via TRYCAT pathway induction taking tryptophan away from the production of serotonin, which is a necessary precursor for the melatonergic pathways. The alpha 7 nicotinic receptor may be significantly modulated by this interaction, given its inactivation by the TRYCAT, kynurenic acid, and its induction by melatonin. Similarly, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is activated by both kynurenic acid and kynurenine, leading to CYP1A2 and melatonin metabolism, whereas melatonin may act to inhibit the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. These 2 receptors and pathways may therefore be intimately linked, with relevance to a host of intracellular processes of clinical relevance. In this article, these interactions are reviewed. Interestingly, mitochondria may be a site for direct interactions of these pathways and receptors, suggesting that their differential induction may not only be modulating neuronal, glia, and immune cell processes and activity but also be directly acting to regulate mitochondrial functioning. This is likely to have significant consequences as to how an array of diverse central nervous system and psychiatric conditions are conceptualized and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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