1
|
Kalantar M, Hilpert GA, Mosca ER, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M. Engineering metalloproteinase inhibitors: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases or antibodies, that is the question. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103094. [PMID: 38430575 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Targeting metalloproteinases (MPs) has been the center of attention for developing therapeutics due to their contribution to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative disease, and preterm labor. Protein-based MP inhibitors offer higher stability and selectivity, which is critical for developing efficient therapeutics with low off-target effects. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), natural inhibitors of MPs, and antibodies provide excellent protein scaffolds for engineering selective or multispecific MP inhibitors. Advances in protein engineering and design techniques, such as rational design and directed evolution using yeast display to develop potent MP inhibitors, are discussed, including but not limited to loop grafting, swapping, and counterselective selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Kalantar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Gregory A Hilpert
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Ethan R Mosca
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Slapak EJ, El Mandili M, Brink MST, Kros A, Bijlsma MF, Spek CA. Preclinical Assessment of ADAM9-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10704. [PMID: 37445886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains largely refractory to chemotherapeutic treatment regimens and, consequently, has the worst survival rate of all cancers. The low efficacy of current treatments results largely from toxicity-dependent dose limitations and premature cessation of therapy. Recently, targeted delivery approaches that may reduce off-target toxicities have been developed. In this paper, we present a preclinical evaluation of a PDAC-specific drug delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized with a protease linker that is specifically cleaved by PDAC cells. Our previous work demonstrated that ADAM9 is a PDAC-enriched protease and that paclitaxel-loaded ADAM9-responsive MSNs effectively kill PDAC cells in vitro. Here, we show that paclitaxel-loaded ADAM9-MSNs result in off-target cytotoxicity in clinically relevant models, which spurred the development of optimized ADAM9-responsive MSNs (OPT-MSNs). We found that these OPT-MSNs still efficiently kill PDAC cells but, as opposed to free paclitaxel, do not induce death in neuronal or bone marrow cells. In line with these in vitro data, paclitaxel-loaded OPT-MSNs showed reduced organ damage and leukopenia in a preclinical PDAC xenograft model. However, no antitumor response was observed upon OPT-MSN administration in vivo. The poor in vivo antitumor activity of OPT-MSNs despite efficient antitumor effects in vitro highlights that although MSN-based tumor-targeting strategies may hold therapeutic potential, clinical translation does not seem as straightforward as anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne J Slapak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mouad El Mandili
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke S Ten Brink
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Arnold Spek
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng Z, Konai MM, Avila-Cobian LF, Wang M, Mobashery S, Chang M. MMP-1 and ADAM10 as Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:548-554. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mohini Mohan Konai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Luis F. Avila-Cobian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clinical Evaluation of Pathognomonic Salivary Protease Fingerprinting for Oral Disease Diagnosis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090866. [PMID: 34575643 PMCID: PMC8472161 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental decay (Caries) and periodontal disease are globally prevalent diseases with significant clinical need for improved diagnosis. As mediators of dental disease-specific extracellular matrix degradation, proteases are promising analytes. We hypothesized that dysregulation of active proteases can be functionally linked to oral disease status and may be used for diagnosis. To address this, we examined a total of 52 patients with varying oral disease states, including healthy controls. Whole mouth saliva samples and caries biopsies were collected and subjected to analysis. Overall proteolytic and substrate specific activities were assessed using five multiplexed, fluorogenic peptides. Peptide cleavage was further described by inhibitors targeting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and cysteine, serine, calpain proteases (CSC). Proteolytic fingerprints, supported by supervised machine-learning analysis, were delineated by total proteolytic activity (PepE) and substrate preference combined with inhibition profiles. Caries and peridontitis showed increased enzymatic activities of MMPs with common (PepA) and divergent substrate cleavage patterns (PepE), suggesting different MMP contribution in particular disease states. Overall, sensitivity and specificity values of 84.6% and 90.0%, respectively, were attained. Thus, a combined analysis of protease derived individual and arrayed substrate cleavage rates in conjunction with inhibitor profiles may represent a sensitive and specific tool for oral disease detection.
Collapse
|
5
|
Slapak EJ, Kong L, el Mandili M, Nieuwland R, Kros A, Bijlsma MF, Spek CA. ADAM9-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3321. [PMID: 34282781 PMCID: PMC8268056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst survival rate of all cancers. This poor prognosis results from the lack of efficient systemic treatment regimens, demanding high-dose chemotherapy that causes severe side effects. To overcome dose-dependent toxicities, we explored the efficacy of targeted drug delivery using a protease-dependent drug-release system. To this end, we developed a PDAC-specific drug delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) functionalized with an avidin-biotin gatekeeper system containing a protease linker that is specifically cleaved by tumor cells. Bioinformatic analysis identified ADAM9 as a PDAC-enriched protease, and PDAC cell-derived conditioned medium efficiently cleaved protease linkers containing ADAM9 substrates. Cleavage was PDAC specific as conditioned medium from leukocytes was unable to cleave the ADAM9 substrate. Protease linker-functionalized MSNs were efficiently capped with avidin, and cap removal was confirmed to occur in the presence of PDAC cell-derived ADAM9. Subsequent treatment of PDAC cells in vitro with paclitaxel-loaded MSNs indeed showed high cytotoxicity, whereas no cell death was observed in white blood cell-derived cell lines, confirming efficacy of the nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery system. Taken together, this research introduces a novel ADAM9-responsive, protease-dependent, drug delivery system for PDAC as a promising tool to reduce the cytotoxicity of systemic chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne J. Slapak
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.e.M.); (C.A.S.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lily Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Mouad el Mandili
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.e.M.); (C.A.S.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Arnold Spek
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.e.M.); (C.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Fede M, Biagini M, Cartocci E, Parillo C, Greco A, Martinelli M, Marchi S, Pezzicoli A, Delany I, Rossi Paccani S. Neisseria Heparin Binding Antigen is targeted by the human alternative pathway C3-convertase. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194662. [PMID: 29579105 PMCID: PMC5868813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA) is a surface-exposed lipoprotein specific for Neisseria and constitutes one of the three main protein antigens of the Bexsero vaccine. Meningococcal and human proteases, cleave NHBA protein upstream or downstream of a conserved Arg-rich region, respectively. The cleavage results in the release of the C-terminal portion of the protein. The C-terminal fragment originating from the processing of meningococcal proteases, referred to as C2 fragment, exerts a toxic effect on endothelial cells altering the endothelial permeability. In this work, we reported that recombinant C2 fragment has no influence on the integrity of human airway epithelial cell monolayers, consistent with previous findings showing that Neisseria meningitidis traverses the epithelial barrier without disrupting the junctional structures. We showed that epithelial cells constantly secrete proteases responsible for a rapid processing of C2 fragment, generating a new fragment that does not contain the Arg-rich region, a putative docking domain reported to be essential for C2-mediated toxic effect. Moreover, we found that the C3-convertase of the alternative complement pathway is one of the proteases responsible for this processing. Overall, our data provide new insights on the cleavage of NHBA protein during meningococcal infection. NHBA cleavage may occur at different stages of the infection, and it likely has a different role depending on the environment the bacterium is interacting with.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mygind KJ, Schwarz J, Sahgal P, Ivaska J, Kveiborg M. Loss of ADAM9 expression impairs β1 integrin endocytosis, focal adhesion formation and cancer cell migration. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.205393. [PMID: 29142101 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protease ADAM9 is frequently upregulated in human cancers, and it promotes tumour progression in mice. In vitro, ADAM9 regulates cancer cell adhesion and migration by interacting with integrins. However, how ADAM9 modulates integrin functions is not known. We here show that ADAM9 knockdown increases β1 integrin levels through mechanisms that are independent of its protease activity. In ADAM9-silenced cells, adhesion to collagen and fibronectin is reduced, suggesting an altered function of the accumulated integrins. Mechanistically, ADAM9 co-immunoprecipitates with β1 integrin, and both internalization and subsequent degradation of β1 integrin are significantly decreased in ADAM9-silenced cells, with no effect on β1 integrin recycling. Accordingly, the formation of focal adhesions and actin stress fibres in ADAM9-silenced cells is altered, possibly explaining the reduction in cell adhesion and migration in these cells. Taken together, our data provide mechanistic insight into the ADAM9-integrin interaction, demonstrating that ADAM9 regulates β1 integrin endocytosis. Moreover, our findings indicate that the reduced migration of ADAM9-silenced cells is, at least in part, caused by the accumulation and altered activity of β1 integrin at the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper J Mygind
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Schwarz
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Marie Kveiborg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Madl CM, LeSavage BL, Dewi RE, Dinh CB, Stowers RS, Khariton M, Lampe KJ, Nguyen D, Chaudhuri O, Enejder A, Heilshorn SC. Maintenance of neural progenitor cell stemness in 3D hydrogels requires matrix remodelling. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:1233-1242. [PMID: 29115291 PMCID: PMC5708569 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) culture within three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels is an attractive strategy for expanding a therapeutically relevant number of stem cells. However, relatively little is known about how 3D material properties such as stiffness and degradability affect the maintenance of NPC stemness in the absence of differentiation factors. Over a physiologically relevant range of stiffness from ∼0.5 to 50 kPa, stemness maintenance did not correlate with initial hydrogel stiffness. In contrast, hydrogel degradation was both correlated with, and necessary for, maintenance of NPC stemness. This requirement for degradation was independent of cytoskeletal tension generation and presentation of engineered adhesive ligands, instead relying on matrix remodelling to facilitate cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact and promote β-catenin signalling. In two additional hydrogel systems, permitting NPC-mediated matrix remodelling proved to be a generalizable strategy for stemness maintenance in 3D. Our findings have identified matrix remodelling, in the absence of cytoskeletal tension generation, as a previously unknown strategy to maintain stemness in 3D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bauer L. LeSavage
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ruby E. Dewi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Cong B. Dinh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ryan S. Stowers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Kyle J. Lampe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Corresponding Author: Sarah C. Heilshorn, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough Room 246, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4045, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yoneyama T, Gorry M, Miller MA, Gaither-Davis A, Lin Y, Moss ML, Griffith LG, Lauffenburger DA, Stabile LP, Herman JG, Vujanovic NL. Modification of proteolytic activity matrix analysis (PrAMA) to measure ADAM10 and ADAM17 sheddase activities in cell and tissue lysates. J Cancer 2017; 8:3916-3932. [PMID: 29187866 PMCID: PMC5705993 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 genes and proteins have been evaluated, but not validated as cancer biomarkers. Specific enzyme activities better reflect enzyme cellular functions, and might be better biomarkers than enzyme genes or proteins. However, no high throughput assay is available to test this possibility. Recent studies have developed the high throughput real-time proteolytic activity matrix analysis (PrAMA) that integrates the enzymatic processing of multiple enzyme substrates with mathematical-modeling computation. The original PrAMA measures with significant accuracy the activities of individual metalloproteinases expressed on live cells. To make the biomarker assay usable in clinical practice, we modified PrAMA by testing enzymatic activities in cell and tissue lysates supplemented with broad-spectrum non-MP enzyme inhibitors, and by maximizing the assay specificity using systematic mathematical-modeling analyses. The modified PrAMA accurately measured the absence and decreases of ADAM10 sheddase activity (ADAM10sa) and ADAM17sa in ADAM10-/- and ADAM17-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and ADAM10- and ADAM17-siRNA transfected human cancer cells, respectively. It also measured the restoration and inhibition of ADAM10sa in ADAM10-cDNA-transfected ADAM10-/- MEFs and GI254023X-treated human cancer cell and tissue lysates, respectively. Additionally, the modified PrAMA simultaneously quantified with significant accuracy ADAM10sa and ADAM17sa in multiple human tumor specimens, and showed the essential characteristics of a robust high throughput multiplex assay that could be broadly used in biomarker studies. Selectively measuring specific enzyme activities, this new clinically applicable assay is potentially superior to the standard protein- and gene-expression assays that do not distinguish active and inactive enzyme forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Yoneyama
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.,VAPHS, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael Gorry
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.,VAPHS, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Autumn Gaither-Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biologic Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | | | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James G Herman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nikola L Vujanovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.,VAPHS, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Characterization of the catalytic properties of the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase ADAM9 in cell-based assays. Biochem J 2017; 474:1467-1479. [PMID: 28264989 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ADAM9 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 9) is a membrane-anchored metalloproteinase that has been implicated in pathological retinal neovascularization and in tumor progression. ADAM9 has constitutive catalytic activity in both biochemical and cell-based assays and can cleave several membrane proteins, including epidermal growth factor and Ephrin receptor B4; yet little is currently known about the catalytic properties of ADAM9 and its post-translational regulation and inhibitor profile in cell-based assays. To address this question, we monitored processing of the membrane-anchored Ephrin receptor B4 (EphB4) by co-expressing ADAM9, with the catalytically inactive ADAM9 E > A mutant serving as a negative control. We found that ADAM9-dependent shedding of EphB4 was not stimulated by three commonly employed activators of ADAM-dependent ectodomain shedding: phorbol esters, pervanadate or calcium ionophores. With respect to the inhibitor profile, we found that ADAM9 was inhibited by the hydroxamate-based metalloprotease inhibitors marimastat, TAPI-2, BB94, GM6001 and GW280264X, and by 10 nM of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-3, but not by up to 20 nM of TIMP-1 or -2. Additionally, we screened a non-hydroxamate small-molecule library for novel ADAM9 inhibitors and identified four compounds that selectively inhibited ADAM9-dependent proteolysis over ADAM10- or ADAM17-dependent processing. Taken together, the present study provides new information about the molecular fingerprint of ADAM9 in cell-based assays by showing that it is not stimulated by strong activators of ectodomain shedding and by defining a characteristic inhibitor profile. The identification of novel non-hydroxamate inhibitors of ADAM9 could provide the basis for designing more selective compounds that block the contribution of ADAM9 to pathological neovascularization and cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Moss ML, Miller MA, Vujanovic N, Yoneyama T, Rasmussen FH. Fluorescent substrates for ADAM15 useful for assaying and high throughput screening. Anal Biochem 2016; 514:42-47. [PMID: 27637923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15), also known as metargidin, plays important roles in regulating inflammation, wound healing, neovascularization, and is an attractive drug target. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based peptide substrates were tested to identify candidate reagents for high throughput screening and detection of ADAM15 in biological samples. ADAM15 exhibits a unique and diverse activity profile compared to other metalloproteinases. Two FRET substrates, Dabcyl-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Met-Arg-Gly-Lys(FAM)-NH2 (PEPDAB011) and Dabcyl-Ala-Pro-Arg-Trp-Ile-Gln-Asp-Lys(FAM)-NH2 (PEPDAB017), which also detect activities of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs -2, -9, and -13), were efficiently cleaved by ADAM15 with specificity constants of 5800 M-1 s-1 and 4300 M-1 s-1, respectively. Additionally, ADAM15 efficiently processed Dabcyl-Leu-Arg-Glu-Gln-Gln-Arg-Leu-Lys-Ser-Lys(FAM)-NH2 (PEPDAB022), which is based on a physiological CD23 cleavage site, with a specificity constant (kcat/Km) of 5200 M-1 s-1. PEPDAB022 was used to screen the ability of known metalloproteinase inhibitors including TAPI-2, marimastat, GI-254023, and the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases(TIMPs) 1 and 3 to block ADAM15 activity. Even though ADAM15 exhibits similar substrate preferences to other metalloproteinases, many broad spectrum inhibitors failed to block ADAM15 activity at concentrations as high as 50 μM. Thus, a clear need exists to develop potent and selective ADAM15 inhibitors, and the FRET substrates described herein should aid future research efforts towards this aim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L Moss
- BioZyme Inc, 1513 Old White Oak Church Rd., Apex, NC 27523, USA.
| | - Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nikola Vujanovic
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Departments of Pathology, VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Toshie Yoneyama
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Departments of Pathology, VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moss ML, Minond D, Yoneyama T, Hansen HP, Vujanovic N, Rasmussen FH. An improved fluorescent substrate for assaying soluble and membrane-associated ADAM family member activities. Anal Biochem 2016; 507:13-7. [PMID: 27177841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent resonance energy transfer substrate with improved sensitivity for ADAM17, -10, and -9 (where ADAM represents a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) has been designed. The new substrate, Dabcyl-Pro-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Homophe-Thr-Ser-Pro-Lys(FAM)-NH2, has specificity constants of 6.3 (±0.3) × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and 2.4 (±0.3) × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for ADAM17 and ADAM10, respectively. The substrate is more sensitive than widely used peptides based on the precursor tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) cleavage site, PEPDAB010 or Dabcyl-Ser-Pro-Leu-Ala-Gln-Ala-Val-Arg-Ser-Ser-Lys(FAM)-NH2 and Mca-Pro-Leu-Ala-Gln-Ala-Val-Dpa-Arg-Ser-Ser-Arg-NH2. ADAM9 also processes the new peptide more than 18-fold better than the TNF-alpha-based substrates. The new substrate has a unique selectivity profile because it is processed less efficiently by ADAM8 and MMP1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -12, and -14. This substrate provides a unique tool in which to assess ADAM17, -10, and -9 activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Toshie Yoneyama
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Hinrich P Hansen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Nikola Vujanovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dreymueller D, Ludwig A. Considerations on inhibition approaches for proinflammatory functions of ADAM proteases. Platelets 2016; 28:354-361. [PMID: 27460023 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1203396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family mediate the proteolytic shedding of various surface molecules including cytokine precursors, adhesion molecules, growth factors, and receptors. Within the vasculature ADAM10 and ADAM17 regulate endothelial permeability, transendothelial leukocyte migration, and the adhesion of leukocytes and platelets. In vivo studies show that both proteases are implicated in several inflammatory pathologies, for example, edema formation, leukocyte infiltration, and thrombosis. However, both proteases also contribute to developmental and regenerative processes. Thus, although ADAMs can be regarded as valuable drug targets in many aspects, the danger of severe side effects is clearly visible. To circumvent these side effects, traditional inhibition approaches have to be improved to target ADAMs at the right time in the right place. Moreover, the inhibitors need to be more selective for the target protease and if possible also for the substrate. Antibodies recognizing the active conformation of ADAMs or small molecules blocking exosites of ADAM proteases may represent inhibitors with the desired selectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dreymueller
- a Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- a Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kotzsch A, Skovgaard T, Buus U, Andersen S, Devkota K, Berthelsen J. A substrate-optimized electrophoretic mobility shift assay for ADAM12. Anal Biochem 2014; 452:34-42. [PMID: 24534253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ADAM12 belongs to the A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family of secreted sheddases activating extracellular growth factors such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). ADAM proteases, most notably ADAM17 (TNF-α-converting enzyme), have long been investigated as pharmaceutical drug targets; however, due to lack of potency and in vivo side effects, none of the small-molecule inhibitors discovered so far has made it beyond clinical testing. Ongoing research on novel selective inhibitors of ADAMs requires reliable biochemical assays to validate molecular probes from large-scale screening efforts. Here we describe an electrophoretic mobility shift assay for ADAM12 based on the identification of an optimized peptide substrate that is characterized by excellent performance and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kotzsch
- Facility for Protein Purification and Function at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Tine Skovgaard
- Facility for Protein Purification and Function at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Uwe Buus
- Facility for Protein Purification and Function at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Simon Andersen
- Facility for Protein Purification and Function at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kanchan Devkota
- Facility for Protein Purification and Function at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens Berthelsen
- Facility for Protein Purification and Function at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Herzog C, Haun RS, Ludwig A, Shah SV, Kaushal GP. ADAM10 is the major sheddase responsible for the release of membrane-associated meprin A. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13308-22. [PMID: 24662289 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.559088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meprin A, composed of α and β subunits, is a membrane-bound metalloproteinase in renal proximal tubules. Meprin A plays an important role in tubular epithelial cell injury during acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study demonstrated that during ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI, meprin A was shed from proximal tubule membranes, as evident from its redistribution toward the basolateral side, proteolytic processing in the membranes, and excretion in the urine. To identify the proteolytic enzyme responsible for shedding of meprin A, we generated stable HEK cell lines expressing meprin β alone and both meprin α and meprin β for the expression of meprin A. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin stimulated ectodomain shedding of meprin β and meprin A. Among the inhibitors of various proteases, the broad spectrum inhibitor of the ADAM family of proteases, tumor necrosis factor-α protease inhibitor (TAPI-1), was most effective in preventing constitutive, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-, and ionomycin-stimulated shedding of meprin β and meprin A in the medium of both transfectants. The use of differential inhibitors for ADAM10 and ADAM17 indicated that ADAM10 inhibition is sufficient to block shedding. In agreement with these results, small interfering RNA to ADAM10 but not to ADAM9 or ADAM17 inhibited meprin β and meprin A shedding. Furthermore, overexpression of ADAM10 resulted in enhanced shedding of meprin β from both transfectants. Our studies demonstrate that ADAM10 is the major ADAM metalloproteinase responsible for the constitutive and stimulated shedding of meprin β and meprin A. These studies further suggest that inhibiting ADAM 10 activity could be of therapeutic benefit in AKI.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wojtalewicz N, Sadeqzadeh E, Weiß JV, Tehrani MM, Klein-Scory S, Hahn S, Schmiegel W, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, de Bock CE, Thorne RF, Schwarte-Waldhoff I. A soluble form of the giant cadherin Fat1 is released from pancreatic cancer cells by ADAM10 mediated ectodomain shedding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90461. [PMID: 24625754 PMCID: PMC3953070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, there is a clear unmet need to identify new serum markers for either early diagnosis, therapeutic stratification or patient monitoring. Proteomic analysis of tumor cell secretomes is a promising approach to indicate proteins released from tumor cells in vitro. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins has previously been shown to contribute significant fractions the tumor cell secretomes and to generate valuable serum biomarkers. Here we introduce a soluble form of the giant cadherin Fat1 as a novel biomarker candidate. Fat1 expression and proteolytic processing was analyzed by mass spectrometry and Western blotting using pancreatic cancer cell lines as compared to human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. RNA expression in cancer tissues was assessed by in silico analysis of publically available microarray data. Involvement of ADAM10 (A Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10) in Fat1 ectodomain shedding was analyzed by chemical inhibition and knockdown experiments. A sandwich ELISA was developed to determine levels of soluble Fat1 in serum samples. In the present report we describe the release of high levels of the ectodomain of Fat1 cadherin into the secretomes of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, a process that is mediated by ADAM10. We confirm the full-length and processed heterodimeric form of Fat1 expressed on the plasma membrane and also show the p60 C-terminal transmembrane remnant fragment corresponding to the shed ectodomain. Fat1 and its sheddase ADAM10 are overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and ectodomain shedding is also recapitulated in vivo leading to increased Fat1 serum levels in some pancreatic cancer patients. We suggest that soluble Fat1 may find an application as a marker for patient monitoring complementing carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). In addition, detailed analysis of the diverse processed protein isoforms of the candidate tumor suppressor Fat1 can also contribute to our understanding of cell biology and tumor behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wojtalewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, IMBL, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elham Sadeqzadeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jakob V. Weiß
- Department of Internal Medicine, IMBL, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Klein-Scory
- Department of Internal Medicine, IMBL, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolff Schmiegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles E. de Bock
- Center for the Biology of Disease, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rick F. Thorne
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Irmgard Schwarte-Waldhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, IMBL, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu HY, Gehrig S, Reither G, Subramanian D, Mall MA, Plettenburg O, Schultz C. FRET-based and other fluorescent proteinase probes. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:266-81. [PMID: 24464820 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The continuous detection of enzyme activities and their application in medical diagnostics is one of the challenges in the translational sciences. Proteinases represent one of the largest groups of enzymes in the human genome and many diseases are based on malfunctions of proteolytic activity. Fluorescent sensors may shed light on regular and irregular proteinase activity in vitro and in vivo and provide a deeper insight into the function of these enzymes and their role in pathophysiological processes. The focus of this review is on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based proteinase sensors and reporters because these probes are most likely to provide quantitative data. The medical relevance of proteinases are discussed using lung diseases as a prominent example. Probe design and probe targeting are described and fluorescent probe development for disease-relevant proteinases, including matrix-metalloproteinases, cathepsins, caspases, and other selected proteinases, is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Hu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Sanofi Deutschland GmbH, Diabetes Division, R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chavaroche A, Cudic M, Giulianotti M, Houghten RA, Fields GB, Minond D. Glycosylation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 affects its activity and inhibition. Anal Biochem 2013; 449:68-75. [PMID: 24361716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17) is believed to be a tractable target in various diseases, including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis; however, it is not known whether glycosylation of ADAM17 expressed in healthy cells differs from that found in diseased tissue and, if so, whether glycosylation affects inhibitor binding. We expressed human ADAM17 in mammalian and insect cells and compared their glycosylation, substrate kinetics, and inhibition profiles. We found that ADAM17 expressed in mammalian cells was more heavily glycosylated than its insect-expressed analog. To determine whether differential glycosylation modulates enzymatic activity, we performed kinetic studies with both ADAM17 analogs and various TNFα-based substrates. The mammalian form of ADAM17 exhibited 10- to 30-fold lower kcat values than the insect analog, while the KM was unaffected, suggesting that glycosylation of ADAM17 can potentially play a role in regulating enzyme activity in vivo. Finally, we tested ADAM17 forms for inhibition by several well-characterized inhibitors. Active-site zinc-binding small molecules did not exhibit differences between the two ADAM17 analogs, while a non-zinc-binding exosite inhibitor of ADAM17 showed significantly lower potency toward the mammalian-expressed analog. These results suggest that glycosylation of ADAM17 can affect cell signaling in disease and might provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention using exosite inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anais Chavaroche
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Mare Cudic
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Marc Giulianotti
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Richard A Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stawikowska R, Cudic M, Giulianotti M, Houghten RA, Fields GB, Minond D. Activity of ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17) is regulated by its noncatalytic domains and secondary structure of its substrates. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22871-9. [PMID: 23779109 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.462267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM proteases are implicated in multiple diseases, but no drugs based on ADAM inhibition exist. Most of the ADAM inhibitors developed to date feature zinc-binding moieties that target the active site zinc, which leads to a lack of selectivity and off target toxicity. Targeting secondary substrate binding sites (exosites) can potentially work as an alternative strategy for drug discovery; however, there are only a few reports of potential exosites in ADAM protease structures. In the study presented here, we utilized a series of TNFα-based substrates to probe ADAM10 and 17 interactions with its canonical substrate to identify the structural features that determine ADAM protease substrate specificity. We found that noncatalytic domains of ADAM17 did not directly bind the substrates used in the study but affected the binding nevertheless, most likely because of steric hindrance. Additionally, noncatalytic domains of ADAM17 affected the size/shape of the carbohydrate-binding pocket contained within the catalytic domain of ADAM17. This suggests that noncatalytic domains of ADAM17 play a role in substrate specificity and might help explain differences in substrate repertoires of ADAM17 and its closest homologue, ADAM10. We also addressed the question of which substrate features can affect ADAM protease specificity. We found that all ADAM proteases tested (i.e., ADAM10, 12, and 17) significantly decreased activity when the TNFα-derived sequence was induced into α-helical conformation, suggesting that conformation plays a role in determining ADAM protease substrate specificity. These findings can help in the discovery of ADAM isoform- and substrate-specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roma Stawikowska
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Minond D, Cudic M, Bionda N, Giulianotti M, Maida L, Houghten RA, Fields GB. Discovery of novel inhibitors of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) using glycosylated and non-glycosylated substrates. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36473-87. [PMID: 22927435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.389114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) proteases are implicated in multiple diseases, but no drugs based on ADAM inhibition exist. Most of the ADAM inhibitors developed to date feature zinc-binding moieties that target the active site zinc, which leads to a lack of selectivity and off-target toxicity. We hypothesized that secondary binding site (exosite) inhibitors should provide a viable alternative to active site inhibitors. Potential exosites in ADAM structures have been reported, but no studies describing substrate features necessary for exosite interactions exist. Analysis of ADAM cognate substrates revealed that glycosylation is often present in the vicinity of the scissile bond. To study whether glycosylation plays a role in modulating ADAM activity, a tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) substrate with and without a glycan moiety attached was synthesized and characterized. Glycosylation enhanced ADAM8 and -17 activities and decreased ADAM10 activity. Metalloprotease (MMP) activity was unaffected by TNFα substrate glycosylation. High throughput screening assays were developed using glycosylated and non-glycosylated substrate, and positional scanning was conducted. A novel chemotype of ADAM17-selective probes was discovered from the TPIMS library (Houghten, R. A., Pinilla, C., Giulianotti, M. A., Appel, J. R., Dooley, C. T., Nefzi, A., Ostresh, J. M., Yu, Y., Maggiora, G. M., Medina-Franco, J. L., Brunner, D., and Schneider, J. (2008) Strategies for the use of mixture-based synthetic combinatorial libraries. Scaffold ranking, direct testing in vivo, and enhanced deconvolution by computational methods. J. Comb. Chem. 10, 3-19; Pinilla, C., Appel, J. R., Borràs, E., and Houghten, R. A. (2003) Advances in the use of synthetic combinatorial chemistry. Mixture-based libraries. Nat. Med. 9, 118-122) that preferentially inhibited glycosylated substrate hydrolysis and spared ADAM10, MMP-8, and MMP-14. Kinetic studies revealed that ADAM17 inhibition occurred via a non-zinc-binding mechanism. Thus, modulation of proteolysis via glycosylation may be used for identifying novel, potentially exosite binding compounds. The newly described ADAM17 inhibitors represent research tools to investigate the role of ADAM17 in the progression of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Minond
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roy R, Zurakowski D, Pories S, Moss ML, Moses MA. Potential of fluorescent metalloproteinase substrates for cancer detection. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1434-9. [PMID: 22001071 PMCID: PMC3232457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MMP-2, MMP-9, their complexes and ADAM12 are detected in the urine of breast cancer patients and predict disease status. We assessed the use of FRET-based substrates in an assay to distinguish breast cancer patients from controls. DESIGN AND METHODS Substrates with varying specificities for MMP-9 and MMP-2 and several ADAMs were screened. Flsub21 and Flsub13, substrates for ADAM12 and ADAM8 respectively, were studied. RESULTS Flsub21 and Flsub13 cleavage activities were detected in the urine of patients with invasive and metastatic breast cancers at significantly higher frequencies compared to controls. Our model predicted probabilities of 90% when both Flsub21 and Flsub13 were positive, 65% when Flsub21 alone was positive, 55% when Flsub13 alone was positive and 20% when both substrates were negative. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the potential utility of FRET substrates to non-invasively identify invasive and/or metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/urine
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/urine
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/urine
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/secondary
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/urine
- Case-Control Studies
- Enzyme Assays
- Female
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Logistic Models
- Metalloendopeptidases/urine
- Multivariate Analysis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- ROC Curve
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Roy
- Program in Vascular Biology and the Department of Surgery
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Orthopedics, Children’s Hospital Boston
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marsha A. Moses
- Program in Vascular Biology and the Department of Surgery
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moss ML, Powell G, Miller MA, Edwards L, Qi B, Sang QXA, De Strooper B, Tesseur I, Lichtenthaler SF, Taverna M, Zhong JL, Dingwall C, Ferdous T, Schlomann U, Zhou P, Griffith LG, Lauffenburger DA, Petrovich R, Bartsch JW. ADAM9 inhibition increases membrane activity of ADAM10 and controls α-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40443-51. [PMID: 21956108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.280495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodomains of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) metallopeptidases can act as highly specific intra- and intermolecular inhibitors of ADAM catalytic activity. The mouse ADAM9 prodomain (proA9; amino acids 24-204), expressed and characterized from Escherichia coli, is a competitive inhibitor of human ADAM9 catalytic/disintegrin domain with an overall inhibition constant of 280 ± 34 nM and high specificity toward ADAM9. In SY5Y neuroblastoma cells overexpressing amyloid precursor protein, proA9 treatment reduces the amount of endogenous ADAM10 enzyme in the medium while increasing membrane-bound ADAM10, as shown both by Western and activity assays with selective fluorescent peptide substrates using proteolytic activity matrix analysis. An increase in membrane-bound ADAM10 generates higher levels of soluble amyloid precursor protein α in the medium, whereas soluble amyloid precursor protein β levels are decreased, demonstrating that inhibition of ADAM9 increases α-secretase activity on the cell membrane. Quantification of physiological ADAM10 substrates by a proteomic approach revealed that substrates, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), HER2, osteoactivin, and CD40-ligand, are increased in the medium of BT474 breast tumor cells that were incubated with proA9, demonstrating that the regulation of ADAM10 by ADAM9 applies for many ADAM10 substrates. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ADAM10 activity is regulated by inhibition of ADAM9, and this regulation may be used to control shedding of amyloid precursor protein by enhancing α-secretase activity, a key regulatory step in the etiology of Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Miller MA, Barkal L, Jeng K, Herrlich A, Griffith LG, Lauffenburger DA. Proteolytic Activity Matrix Analysis (PrAMA) for simultaneous determination of multiple protease activities. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:422-38. [PMID: 21180771 PMCID: PMC3173501 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) are two related protease families that play key roles in matrix remodeling and growth factor ligand shedding. Directly ascertaining the proteolytic activities of particular MMPs and ADAMs in physiological environments in a non-invasive, real-time, multiplex manner remains a challenge. This work describes Proteolytic Activity Matrix Analysis (PrAMA), an integrated experimental measurement and mathematical analysis framework for simultaneously determining the activities of particular enzymes in complex mixtures of MMPs and ADAMs. The PrAMA method interprets dynamic signals from panels of moderately specific FRET-based polypeptide protease substrates to deduce a profile of specific MMP and ADAM proteolytic activities. Deconvolution of signals from complex mixtures of proteases is accomplished using prior data on individual MMP/ADAM cleavage signatures for the substrate panel measured with purified enzymes. We first validate PrAMA inference using a compendium of roughly 4000 measurements involving known mixtures of purified enzymes and substrates, and then demonstrate application to the live-cell response of wildtype, ADAM10-/-, and ADAM17-/- fibroblasts to phorbol ester and ionomycin stimulation. Results indicate PrAMA can distinguish closely related enzymes from each other with high accuracy, even in the presence of unknown background proteolytic activity. PrAMA offers a valuable tool for applications ranging from live-cell in vitro assays to high-throughput inhibitor screening with complex enzyme mixtures. Moreover, our approach may extend to other families of proteases, such as caspases and cathepsins, that also can lack highly-specific substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles A. Miller
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Layla Barkal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Karen Jeng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Linda G. Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| |
Collapse
|