1
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Jo HS, Eum WS, Park EY, Ko JY, Kim DY, Kim DW, Shin MJ, Son O, Cho SB, Park JH, Lee CH, Yeo EJ, Yeo HJ, Choi YJ, Youn JK, Cho SW, Park J, Park JH, Choi SY. Effects of PEP-1-FK506BP on cyst formation in polycystic kidney disease. BMB Rep 2018; 50:460-465. [PMID: 28760196 PMCID: PMC5625693 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.9.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common inherited disorders, involving progressive cyst formation in the kidney that leads to renal failure. FK506 binding protein 12 (FK506BP) is an immunophilin protein that performs multiple functions, including regulation of cell signaling pathways and survival. In this study, we determined the roles of PEP-1-FK506BP on cell proliferation and cyst formation in PKD cells. Purified PEP-1-FK506BP transduced into PKD cells markedly inhibited cell proliferation. Also, PEP-1-FK506BP drastically inhibited the expression levels of p-Akt, p-p70S6K, p-mTOR, and p-ERK in PKD cells. In a 3D-culture system, PEP-1-FK506BP significantly reduced cyst formation. Furthermore, the combined effects of rapamycin and PEP-1-FK506BP on cyst formation were markedly higher than the effects of individual treatments. These results suggest that PEP-1-FK506BP delayed cyst formation and could be a new therapeutic strategy for renal cyst formation in PKD. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(9): 460-465].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sang Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Je Young Ko
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ora Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Su Bin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Chi Hern Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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2
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Hausch F. FKBPs and their role in neuronal signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2035-40. [PMID: 25615537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligands for FK506-binding proteins, also referred to as neuroimmunophilin ligands, have repeatedly been described as neuritotrophic, neuroprotective or neuroregenerative agents. However, the precise molecular mechanism of action underlying the observed effects has remained elusive, which eventually led to a reduced interest in FKBP ligand development. SCOPE OF REVIEW A survey is presented on the pharmacology of neuroimmunophilin ligands, of the current understanding of individual FKBP homologs in neuronal processes and an assessment of their potential as drug targets for CNS disorders. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS FKBP51 is the major target accounting for the neuritotrophic effect of neuroimmunophilin ligands. Selectivity against the homolog FKBP52 is essential for optimal neuritotrophic efficacy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Selectivity within the FKBP family, in particular selective inhibition of FKBP12 or FKBP51, is possible. FKBP51 is a pharmacologically tractable target for stress-related disorders. The role of FKBPs in neurodegeneration remains to be clarified. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hausch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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3
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Pomplun S, Wang Y, Kirschner A, Kozany C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Rationales Design und asymmetrische Synthese potenter neuritotropher Liganden für FK506‐bindende Proteine (FKBPs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
| | - Yansong Wang
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
- Derzeitige Adresse: Europäisches Labor für Molekularbiologie, 69117 Heidelberg (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Kirschner
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
| | - Christian Kozany
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Biochemie, 82152 Martinsried (Deutschland)
| | - Felix Hausch
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstraße 2–10, 80804 München (Deutschland)
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4
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Pomplun S, Wang Y, Kirschner A, Kozany C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Rational design and asymmetric synthesis of potent and neurotrophic ligands for FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:345-8. [PMID: 25412894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To create highly efficient inhibitors for FK506-binding proteins, a new asymmetric synthesis for pro-(S)-C(5) -branched [4.3.1] aza-amide bicycles was developed. The key step of the synthesis is an HF-driven N-acyliminium cyclization. Functionalization of the C(5) moiety resulted in novel protein contacts with the psychiatric risk factor FKBP51, which led to a more than 280-fold enhancement in affinity. The most potent ligands facilitated the differentiation of N2a neuroblastoma cells with low nanomolar potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich (Germany)
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5
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Targeting FKBP isoforms with small-molecule ligands. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:365-71. [PMID: 21803654 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The FK506 binding protein (FKBP) family of proteins provide an interesting series of drug targets since different isoforms modulate diverse cellular pathways. There are therapeutic opportunities in the fields of cancer therapy, neurodegenerative conditions and psychiatric disorders. X-ray crystallographic or NMR data are available for eight of fourteen human FKBPs covering ten of the twenty-two different FKBP domains. We have made a detailed sequence and structural comparison of human FKBP domains. These data show that the chemical scaffolds common to the immunosuppressive inhibitors FK506 and rapamycin bind to the most conserved region of the binding site. This observation opens the way to the design of isoform specific inhibitors.
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6
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Salminen A, Ojala J, Kaarniranta K, Hiltunen M, Soininen H. Hsp90 regulates tau pathology through co-chaperone complexes in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 93:99-110. [PMID: 21056617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a tauopathy which involves the deposition of microtubule-associated tau proteins into neurofibrillary tangles. Post-translational modifications, in particular site-specific phosphorylations, affect the conformation of tau protein which is an intrinsically disordered protein. These structural changes significantly increase the affinity of tau protein for certain molecular chaperones. Hsp90 is a major cellular chaperone which assembles large complexes with a variety of co-chaperones. The main function of Hsp90 complexes is to maintain protein quality control and assist in protein degradation via proteasomal and autophagic-lysosomal pathways. Tau protein is a client protein for these Hsp90 complexes. If the tau protein is in an abnormal or modified form, then it can trigger the recruitment of CHIP protein, a co-chaperone with E3 activity, to the complex which induces the ubiquitination of tau protein and activates its downstream degradation processes. Large immunophilins, FKBP51 and FKBP52 are also co-chaperones of Hsp90-tau complexes. These proteins contain peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase activity which catalyzes phosphorylation-dependent rotation in pSer/Thr-Pro peptide bond. The proline switch in the tau conformation triggers dephosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues phosphorylated, e.g. by two well-known tau kinases Cdk5 and GSK-3β. Binding of PP5 protein phosphatase to Hsp90 complex, can also dephosphorylate tau protein. Subsequently, dephosphorylated tau protein can be shuttled back to the microtubules. It seems that high-affinity binding of abnormal tau to Hsp90 complexes may have some counteracting effects on the aggregation process, since Hsp90 inhibitors can ameliorate the aggregation process in several neurodegenerative diseases. We will review the role of Hsp90 chaperone network in the regulation of tau biology and pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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7
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Puthanveetil P, Wang Y, Wang F, Kim MS, Abrahani A, Rodrigues B. The increase in cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 after short-term dexamethasone is controlled by an Akt-p38-forkhead box other factor-1 signaling axis. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2306-18. [PMID: 20181797 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids increase pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) mRNA and protein expression, which phosphorylates pyruvate dehydrogenase, thereby preventing the formed pyruvate from undergoing mitochondrial oxidation. This increase in PDK4 expression is mediated by the mandatory presence of Forkhead box other factors (FoxOs) in the nucleus. In the current study, we examined the importance of the nongenomic effects of dexamethasone (Dx) in determining the compartmentalization of FoxO and hence its transcriptional activity. Rat cardiomyocytes exposed to Dx produced a robust decrease in glucose oxidation. Measurement of FoxO compartmentalization demonstrated increase in nuclear but resultant decrease in cytosolic content of FoxO1 with no change in the total content. The increase in nuclear content of FoxO1 correlated to an increase in nuclear phospho-p38 MAPK together with a robust association between this transcription factor and kinase. Dx also promoted nuclear retention of FoxO1 through a decrease in phosphorylation of Akt, an effect mediated by heat shock proteins binding to Akt. Measurement of the nuclear and total expression of sirtuin-1 protein showed no change after Dx. Instead, Dx increased the association of sirtuin-1 with FoxO1, thereby causing a decrease in FoxO acetylation. Manipulation of FoxO1 through agents that interfere with its nuclear shuttling or acetylation were effective in reducing Dx-induced increase in PDK4 protein expression. Our data suggest that FoxO1 has a major PDK4-regulating function. In addition, given the recent suggestions that altering glucose use can set the stage for heart failure, manipulating FoxO could assist in devising new therapeutic strategies to optimize cardiac metabolism and prevent PDK4 induced cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Puthanveetil
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Brecht S, Waetzig V, Hidding U, Hanisch UK, Walther M, Herdegen T, Neiss WF. FK506 Protects Against Various Immune Responses and Secondary Degeneration Following Cerebral Ischemia. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:1993-2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Erdmann F, Jarczowski F, Weiwad M, Fischer G, Edlich F. Hsp90-mediated inhibition of FKBP38 regulates apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5709-14. [PMID: 18036348 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38) is a pro-apoptotic regulator of Bcl-2 in neuroblastoma cells. Hsp90 inhibits the pro-apoptotic FKBP38/CaM/Ca(2+) complex and thus prevents interactions between FKBP38 and Bcl-2. Here we show that Hsp90 increases cell survival rates of neuroblastoma cells after apoptosis induction. Depletion of FKBP38 by short interference RNA significantly decreased the anti-apoptotic effect of Hsp90 expression. In addition, the influence of high cellular Hsp90 levels was only observed in post-stimulation apoptosis that is sensitive to selective FKBP38 active site inhibition. Similar anti-apoptotic effects in neuroblastoma cells were observed after stimulation of endogenous Hsp90 expression. Hence, the inhibition of FKBP38 by Hsp90 participates in programmed cell death control of neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Erdmann
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
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10
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Edlich F, Erdmann F, Jarczowski F, Moutty MC, Weiwad M, Fischer G. The Bcl-2 Regulator FKBP38-Calmodulin-Ca2+ Is Inhibited by Hsp90. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15341-8. [PMID: 17379601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611594200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FKBP38 is a negative effector of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in neuroblastoma cells. The interaction with Bcl-2 and the enzyme activity of FKBP38 depend on prior binding of calmodulin-Ca(2+) (CaM-Ca(2+)) at high Ca(2+) concentrations. The FKBP38 protein structure contains three tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs corresponding to the Hsp90 interaction sites of other immunophilins. In this study we show that the TPR domain of FKBP38 interacts with the C-terminal domain of Hsp90, but only if the FKBP38-CaM-Ca(2+) complex is preformed. Hence, FKBP38 is the first example of a TPR-containing immunophilin that interacts cofactor-dependently with Hsp90. In the ternary Hsp90-FKBP38-CaM-Ca(2+) complex the active site of FKBP38 is blocked, thus preventing interactions with Bcl-2. The dual control of the active site cleft of FKBP38 by CaM-Ca(2+) and Hsp90 highlights the importance of the enzyme activity of the FKBP38-CaM-Ca(2+) complex in the regulation of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Edlich
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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11
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Chambraud B, Belabes H, Fontaine-Lenoir V, Fellous A, Baulieu EE. The immunophilin FKBP52 specifically binds to tubulin and prevents microtubule formation. FASEB J 2007; 21:2787-97. [PMID: 17435176 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7667com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The FK506 binding protein FKBP52 belongs to the large family of immunophilins and is known as a steroid receptor-associated protein. Previous data suggest that FKBP52 is associated with the motor protein dynein and with the cytoskeleton during mitosis. Here we demonstrate a specific and direct interaction between FKBP52 and tubulin. The region of FKBP52 located between aa 267 and 400, which includes the tetratricopeptide repeat domain, is required for tubulin binding. We provide evidence that FKBP52 prevents tubulin polymerization and that an 84 residue sequence located in the C-terminal part of the molecule (aa 375-458) is necessary and sufficient for its microtubule depolymerization activity. In colocalization experiments in PC12 cells, FKBP52 is associated with tubulin in motile cellular compartments. Furthermore, we suggest that, by using siRNA, a decrease of FKBP52 expression in PC12 cells may lead to differentiated cell phenotype characterized by neurite extensions. Collectively, our data define an unexpected property of FKBP52 as a novel regulator of microtubule dynamics. The possible role of microtubule formation and tubulin binding of other immunophilins such as FKBP12 and FKBP51 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Chambraud
- INSERM, Unité mixte de recherche 788, Université ParisXI, 80 rue du Général leclerc, Kremlin Bicêtre 94276, France
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12
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Abstract
Designed peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) inhibitors of Pin1, cyclophilin (CyP), and FK506 binding protein (FKBP) are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the design, structure, and biological activity of the inhibitors. While CyP and FKBP inhibitors have been explored fairly thoroughly, inhibitors of the relatively new Pin1 cell cycle regulator are in their infancy. Ligands designed for Pin1 and CyP have primarily been ground state analogues: alkenes and bicyclic compounds. For FKBP, more of the focus has been on analogues of bonds at the reactive center, the prolyl amide, because of the idea that the alpha-ketoamide of FK506 is an analogue of the twisted amide in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong J Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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13
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Edlich F, Weiwad M, Wildemann D, Jarczowski F, Kilka S, Moutty MC, Jahreis G, Lücke C, Schmidt W, Striggow F, Fischer G. The Specific FKBP38 Inhibitor N-(N′,N′-Dimethylcarboxamidomethyl)cycloheximide Has Potent Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Properties in Brain Ischemia. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:14961-70. [PMID: 16547004 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600452200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506 and FK506-derived inhibitors of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP)-type peptidylprolyl cis/trans-isomerases (PPIase) display potent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in various neurodegeneration models, showing the importance of neuroimmunophilins as targets for the treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. However, the PPIase activity targeted by active site-directed ligands remains unknown so far. Here we show that neurotrophic FKBP ligands, such as GPI1046 and N-[methyl(ethoxycarbonyl)]cycloheximide, inhibit the calmodulin/Ca(2+) (CaM/Ca(2+))-regulated FKBP38 with up to 80-fold higher affinity than FKBP12. In contrast, the non-neurotrophic rapamycin inhibits FKBP38.CaM/Ca(2+) 500-fold less affine than other neuroimmunophillins. In the context of the high expression of FKBP38 in neuroblastoma cells, these data suggest that FKBP38.CaM/Ca(2+) inhibition can mediate neurotrophic properties of FKBP ligands. The FKBP38-specific cycloheximide derivative, N-(N',N'-dimethylcarboxamidomethyl)cycloheximide (DM-CHX) was synthesized and used in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Accordingly, DM-CHX caused neuronal protection as well as neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation at a dosage of 27.2 mug/kg. These effects were still dominant, if DM-CHX was applied 2-6 h post-insult. In parallel, sustained motor behavior deficits of diseased animals were improved by drug administration, revealing a potential therapeutic relevance. Thus, our results demonstrate that FKBP38 inhibition by DM-CHX regulates neuronal cell death and proliferation, providing a promising strategy for the treatment of acute and/or chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Edlich
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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14
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Edlich F, Fischer G. Pharmacological targeting of catalyzed protein folding: the example of peptide bond cis/trans isomerases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005:359-404. [PMID: 16610367 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29717-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Peptide bond isomerases are involved in important physiological processes that can be targeted in order to treat neurodegenerative disease, cancer, diseases of the immune system, allergies, and many others. The folding helper enzyme class of Peptidyl-Prolyl-cis/trans Isomerases (PPIases) contains the three enzyme families of cyclophilins (Cyps), FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs), and parvulins (Pars). Although they are structurally unrelated, all PPIases catalyze the cis/trans isomerization of the peptide bond preceding the proline in a polypeptide chain. This process not only plays an important role in de novo protein folding, but also in isomerization of native proteins. The native state isomerization plays a role in physiological processes by influencing receptor ligand recognition or isomer-specific enzyme reaction or by regulating protein function by catalyzing the switch between native isomers differing in their activity, e.g., ion channel regulation. Therefore elucidating PPIase involvement in physiological processes and development of specific inhibitors will be a suitable attempt to design therapies for fatal and deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Edlich
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
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15
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Edlich F, Weiwad M, Erdmann F, Fanghänel J, Jarczowski F, Rahfeld JU, Fischer G. Bcl-2 regulator FKBP38 is activated by Ca2+/calmodulin. EMBO J 2005; 24:2688-99. [PMID: 15990872 PMCID: PMC1176465 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FKBP-type peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are folding helper enzymes involved in the control of functional regrowth of damaged sciatic, cortical cholinergic, dopaminergic and 5-HT neurones. Here, we show that the constitutively inactive human FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38) is capable of responding directly to intracellular Ca2+ rise through formation of a heterodimeric Ca2+/calmodulin/FKBP38 complex. Only complex formation creates an enzymatically active FKBP, displaying affinity for Bcl-2 mediated through the PPIase site. Association between Bcl-2 and the active site of Ca2+/calmodulin/FKBP38 regulates Bcl-2 function and thereby participates in the promotion of apoptosis in neuronal tissues. FKBP38 proapoptotic function mediated by this interaction is abolished by either potent inhibitors of the PPIase activity of the Ca2+/calmodulin/FKBP38 complex or RNA interference-mediated depletion of FKBP38, promoting neuronal cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Edlich
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Matthias Weiwad
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Frank Erdmann
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jörg Fanghänel
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Franziska Jarczowski
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jens-Ulrich Rahfeld
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Enzymologie der Peptidbindung, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany. Tel.: +49 345 5522800; Fax: +49 345 5511972; E-mail:
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Zhao WQ, Feng C, Alkon DL. Impairment of phosphatase 2A contributes to the prolonged MAP kinase phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease fibroblasts. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 14:458-69. [PMID: 14678762 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-9961(03)00124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its important role in regulating dephosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. In the present study, we show that PP2A was responsible for dephosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) following its activation by BK stimulation. Abnormal gene and protein expressions of PP2A, as well as its activity, were found to contribute to the abnormally prolonged Erk1/2 phosphorylation in the AD fibroblasts. Inhibition of PP2A with okadiac acid produced enhanced and more lasting Erk1/2 phosphorylation after BK stimulation, whereas FK506, an inhibitor of PP2B and FK-binding protein, inhibited the BK-stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, while the phosphorylated Erk1/2 was concentrated in the nucleus of AC cells, it was mainly distributed in the extranuclear compartments of AD cells. These results suggest that the delayed dephosphorylation of Erk1/2 in AD cells following its BK-stimulated activation may be due to deficits of PP2A activity and impaired nuclear translocation of phosphorylated Erk1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qin Zhao
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institutes, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Fischer G, Aumüller T. Regulation of peptide bond cis/trans isomerization by enzyme catalysis and its implication in physiological processes. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 148:105-50. [PMID: 12698322 DOI: 10.1007/s10254-003-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In some cases, the slow rotational movement underlying peptide bond cis/trans isomerizations is found to control the biological activity of proteins. Peptide bond cis/trans isomerases as cyclophilins, Fk506-binding proteins, parvulins, and bacterial hsp70 generally assist in the interconversion of the polypeptide substrate cis/trans isomers, and rate acceleration is the dominating mechanism of action in cells. We present evidence disputing the hypothesis that some of the molecular properties of these proteins play an auxiliary role in enzyme function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fischer
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Pridgeon JW, Geetha T, Wooten MW. A Method to Identify p62's UBA Domain Interacting Proteins. Biol Proced Online 2003; 5:228-237. [PMID: 14702098 PMCID: PMC302190 DOI: 10.1251/bpo66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 11/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The UBA domain is a conserved sequence motif among polyubiquitin
binding proteins. For the first time, we demonstrate a systematic, high
throughput approach to identification of UBA domain-interacting proteins from a
proteome-wide perspective. Using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate in
vitro expression cloning system, we have successfully identified eleven
proteins that interact with p62’s UBA domain, and the majority of the eleven
proteins are associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s
disease. Therefore, p62 may play a novel regulatory role through its UBA
domain. Our approach provides an easy route to the characterization of UBA
domain interacting proteins and its application will unfold the important roles
that the UBA domain plays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W. Pridgeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Cellular and
Molecular Biosciences. 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Cellular and
Molecular Biosciences. 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
USA
| | - Marie W. Wooten
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Cellular and
Molecular Biosciences. 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
USA
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