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Xiang J, Zou R, Wang P, Wang X, He X, Liu F, Xu C, Wu A. Nitroreductase-responsive nanoparticles for in situ fluorescence imaging and synergistic antibacterial therapy of bacterial keratitis. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122565. [PMID: 38603823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
As bacterial keratitis progresses rapidly, prompt intervention is necessary. Current diagnostic processes are time-consuming and invasive, leading to improper antibiotics for treatment. Therefore, innovative strategies for diagnosing and treating bacterial keratitis are urgently needed. In this study, Cu2-xSe@BSA@NTRP nanoparticles were developed by loading nitroreductase-responsive probes (NTRPs) onto Cu2-xSe@BSA. These nanoparticles exhibited integrated fluorescence imaging and antibacterial capabilities. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the nanoparticles produced responsive fluorescence signals in bacteria within 30 min due to an interaction between the released NTRP and bacterial endogenous nitroreductase (NTR). When combined with low-temperature photothermal therapy (PTT), the nanoparticles effectively eliminated E. coli and S. aureus, achieved antibacterial efficacy above 95% and facilitated the re-epithelialization process at the corneal wound site in vivo. Overall, the Cu2-xSe@BSA@NTRP nanoparticles demonstrated potential for rapid, noninvasive in situ diagnosis, treatment, and visualization assessment of therapy effectiveness in bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ruifen Zou
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xinfangzi Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xuefei He
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China.
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2
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Tanniche I, Behkam B. Engineered live bacteria as disease detection and diagnosis tools. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:65. [PMID: 37875910 PMCID: PMC10598922 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and minimally invasive medical diagnostics are essential to the early detection of diseases, monitoring their progression and response to treatment. Engineered bacteria as live sensors are being developed as a new class of biosensors for sensitive, robust, noninvasive, and in situ detection of disease onset at low cost. Akin to microrobotic systems, a combination of simple genetic rules, basic logic gates, and complex synthetic bioengineering principles are used to program bacterial vectors as living machines for detecting biomarkers of diseases, some of which cannot be detected with other sensing technologies. Bacterial whole-cell biosensors (BWCBs) can have wide-ranging functions from detection only, to detection and recording, to closed-loop detection-regulated treatment. In this review article, we first summarize the unique benefits of bacteria as living sensors. We then describe the different bacteria-based diagnosis approaches and provide examples of diagnosing various diseases and disorders. We also discuss the use of bacteria as imaging vectors for disease detection and image-guided surgery. We conclude by highlighting current challenges and opportunities for further exploration toward clinical translation of these bacteria-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Tanniche
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineered and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Engineered Health, Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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3
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Wang Z, Xing B. Small-molecule fluorescent probes: big future for specific bacterial labeling and infection detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:155-170. [PMID: 34882159 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections remain a global healthcare problem that is particularly attributed to the spread of antibiotic resistance and the evolving pathogenicity. Accurate and swift approaches for infection diagnosis are urgently needed to facilitate antibiotic stewardship and effective medical treatment. Direct optical imaging for specific bacterial labeling and infection detection offers an attractive prospect of precisely monitoring the infectious disease status and therapeutic response in real time. This feature article focuses on the recent advances of small-molecule probes developed for fluorescent imaging of bacteria and infection, which covers the probe design, responsive mechanisms and representative applications. In addition, the perspective and challenges to advance small-molecule fluorescent probes in the field of rapid drug-resistant bacterial detection and clinical diagnosis of bacterial infections are discussed. We envision that the continuous advancement and clinical translations of such a technique will have a strong impact on future anti-infective medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore. .,School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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4
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Recent Progress in the Molecular Imaging of Tumor-Treating Bacteria. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:7-14. [PMID: 33643484 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cancer therapy (BCT) approaches have been extensively investigated because bacteria can show unique features of strong tropism for cancer, proliferation inside tumors, and antitumor immunity, while bacteria are also possible agents for drug delivery. Despite the rapidly increasing number of preclinical studies using BCT to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer treatments, very few BCT studies have advanced to clinical trials. In patients undergoing BCT, the precise localization and quantification of bacterial density in different body locations is important; however, most clinical trials have used subjective clinical signs and invasive sampling to confirm bacterial colonization. There is therefore a need to improve the visualization of bacterial densities using noninvasive and repetitive in vivo imaging techniques that can facilitate the clinical translation of BCT. In vivo optical imaging techniques using bioluminescence and fluorescence, which are extensively employed to image the therapeutic process of BCT in small animal research, are hard to apply to the human body because of their low penetrative power. Thus, new imaging techniques need to be developed for clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the various in vivo bacteria-specific imaging techniques available for visualizing tumor-treating bacteria in BCT studies.
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5
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Comparison of two fluorescent probes in preclinical non-invasive imaging and image-guided debridement surgery of Staphylococcal biofilm implant infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1622. [PMID: 33452271 PMCID: PMC7810895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infections are challenging to diagnose and treat. Fluorescent probes have been heralded as a technologic advancement that can improve our ability to non-invasively identify infecting organisms, as well as guide the inexact procedure of surgical debridement. This study’s purpose was to compare two fluorescent probes for their ability to localize Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections on spinal implants utilizing noninvasive optical imaging, then assessing the broader applicability of the more successful probe in other infection animal models. This was followed by real-time, fluorescence image-guided surgery to facilitate debridement of infected tissue. The two probe candidates, a labelled antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan (Vanco-800CW), and the other, a labelled antibody targeting the immunodominant Staphylococcal antigen A (1D9-680), were injected into mice with spine implant infections. Mice were then imaged noninvasively with near infrared fluorescent imaging at wavelengths corresponding to the two probe candidates. Both probes localized to the infection, with the 1D9-680 probe showing greater fidelity over time. The 1D9-680 probe was then tested in mouse models of shoulder implant and allograft infection, demonstrating its broader applicability. Finally, an image-guided surgery system which superimposes fluorescent signals over analog, real-time, tissue images was employed to facilitate debridement of fluorescent-labelled bacteria.
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6
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Li Y, Daryaee F, Yoon GE, Noh D, Smith-Jones PM, Si Y, Walker SG, Turkman N, Meimetis L, Tonge PJ. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Using a Nitro-Prodrug Analogue of 2-[ 18F]F- p-Aminobenzoic Acid. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2249-2259. [PMID: 32672928 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deep-seated bacterial infections caused by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus are difficult to diagnose and treat and are thus a major threat to human health. In previous work we demonstrated that positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 2-[18F]F-p-aminobenzoic acid (2-[18F]F-PABA) could noninvasively identify, localize, and monitor S. aureus infection with excellent sensitivity and specificity in a rodent soft tissue infection model. However, 2-[18F]F-PABA is rapidly N-acetylated and eliminated, and in an attempt to improve radiotracer accumulation in bacteria we adopted a prodrug strategy in which the acid was protected by an ester and the amine was replaced with a nitro group. Metabolite analysis indicated that the nitro group of ethyl 2-[18F]fluoro-4-nitrobenzoate (2-[18F]F-ENB) is converted to the corresponding amine by bacteria-specific nitroreductases while the ester is hydrolyzed in vivo into the acid. PET/CT imaging of 2-[18F]F-ENB and the corresponding acid 2-[18F]F-NB in a rat soft tissue infection model demonstrated colocalization of the radiotracer with the bioluminescent signal arising from S. aureus Xen29, and demonstrated that the tracer could differentiate S. aureus infection from sterile inflammation. Significantly, the accumulation of both 2-[18F]F-ENB and 2-[18F]F-NB at the site of infection was 17-fold higher than at the site of sterile inflammation compared to 8-fold difference observed for 2-[18F]F-PABA, supporting the proposal that the active radiotracer in vivo is 2-[18F]F-NB. Collectively, these data suggest that 2-[18F]F-ENB and 2-[18F]F-NB have the potential for translation to humans as a rapid, noninvasive diagnostic tool to identify and localize S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Chronus Pharmaceuticals, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Fereidoon Daryaee
- Chronus Pharmaceuticals, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Grace E. Yoon
- The Facility for Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Doyoung Noh
- The Facility for Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Peter M. Smith-Jones
- The Facility for Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | | | - Stephen G. Walker
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | | | - Labros Meimetis
- Chronus Pharmaceuticals, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Peter J. Tonge
- Chronus Pharmaceuticals, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
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7
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Brennecke B, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Hu H, Nazaré M. Eine aktivierbare Lanthanoid‐Lumineszenzsonde für die zeitgesteuerte Detektion von Nitroreduktase in lebenden Bakterien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brennecke
- Medizinische Chemie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie 13125 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Qinghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100050 China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100050 China
| | - Hai‐Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100050 China
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medizinische Chemie Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie 13125 Berlin Deutschland
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8
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Brennecke B, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Hu HY, Nazaré M. An Activatable Lanthanide Luminescent Probe for Time-Gated Detection of Nitroreductase in Live Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8512-8516. [PMID: 32212410 PMCID: PMC7317344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the development of a turn‐on lanthanide luminescent probe for time‐gated detection of nitroreductases (NTRs) in live bacteria. The probe is activated through NTR‐induced formation of the sensitizing carbostyril antenna and resulting energy transfer to the lanthanide center. This novel NTR‐responsive trigger is virtually non‐fluorescent in its inactivated form and features a large signal increase upon activation. We show that the probe is capable of selectively sensing NTR in lysates as well as in live bacteria of the ESKAPE family which are clinically highly relevant multiresistant pathogens responsible for the majority of hospital infections. The results suggest that our probe could be used to develop diagnostic tools for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brennecke
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qinghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hai-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Zhang L, Guo L, Shan X, Lin X, Gu T, Zhang J, Ge J, Li W, Ge H, Jiang Q, Ning X. An elegant nitroreductase responsive fluorescent probe for selective detection of pathogenic Listeria in vitro and in vivo. Talanta 2019; 198:472-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Welling MM, Hensbergen AW, Bunschoten A, Velders AH, Scheper H, Smits WK, Roestenberg M, van Leeuwen FWB. Fluorescent imaging of bacterial infections and recent advances made with multimodal radiopharmaceuticals. Clin Transl Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-019-00322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Zhang L, Shan X, Guo L, Zhang J, Ge J, Jiang Q, Ning X. A sensitive and fast responsive fluorescent probe for imaging hypoxic tumors. Analyst 2019; 144:284-289. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A BBP possesses a unique fluorescence off–on feature, and can selectively monitor the early tumor formation and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Xue Shan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of National Medicines
- Centre of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jikang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Junliang Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease
- Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
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12
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Wakabayashi Y, Nariya H, Yasugi M, Kuwahara T, Sarker MR, Miyake M. An enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-based reporter assay for quantitative detection of sporulation in Clostridium perfringens SM101. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 291:144-150. [PMID: 30500691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens type F is a spore-forming anaerobe that causes bacterial food-borne illness in humans. The disease develops when ingested vegetative cells reach the intestinal tract and begin to form spores that produce the diarrheagenic C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE). Given that CPE production is regulated by the master regulator of sporulation (transcription factor Spo0A), the identification of sporulation-inducing factors in the intestine is relevant to better understanding of the disease. To examine these factors, we established assays to quantify C. perfringens sporulation stage under microscopy by using two fluorescent reporters, namely, Evoglow-Bs2 and CpEGFP. When the reporter genes were placed under control of the cpe promoter, both protein products were expressed specifically during sporulation. However, the intensity of the anaerobic reporter Evoglow-Bs2 was weak and rapidly photobleached during microscopic observation. Alternatively, CpEGFP, a canonical green fluorescence protein with optimized codon usage for Clostridium species, was readily detectable in the mother-cell compartment of most bacteria at early stages of sporulation. Additionally, CpEGFP expression predicted final spore yield and was quantifiable in 96-well plates using fluorescence plate reader. These results indicate that CpEGFP can be used to analyze the sporulation of C. perfringens and has a potential application in the large-scale screening of sporulation-regulating biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nariya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mayo Yasugi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kuwahara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mahfuzur R Sarker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Masami Miyake
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
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13
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Lehouritis P, Hogan G, Tangney M. Designer bacteria as intratumoural enzyme biofactories. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:8-23. [PMID: 28916496 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (BDEPT) is an emerging form of treatment for cancer. It is a biphasic variant of gene therapy in which a bacterium, armed with an enzyme that can convert an inert prodrug into a cytotoxic compound, induces tumour cell death following tumour-specific prodrug activation. BDEPT combines the innate ability of bacteria to selectively proliferate in tumours, with the capacity of prodrugs to undergo contained, compartmentalised conversion into active metabolites in vivo. Although BDEPT has undergone clinical testing, it has received limited clinical exposure, and has yet to achieve regulatory approval. In this article, we review BDEPT from the system designer's perspective, and provide detailed commentary on how the designer should strategize its development de novo. We report on contemporary advancements in this field which aim to enhance BDEPT in terms of safety and efficacy. Finally, we discuss clinical and regulatory barriers facing BDEPT, and propose promising approaches through which these hurdles may best be tackled.
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14
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Murphy C, Rettedal E, Lehouritis P, Devoy C, Tangney M. Intratumoural production of TNFα by bacteria mediates cancer therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180034. [PMID: 28662099 PMCID: PMC5491124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of the highly potent anticancer therapeutic, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) induces high levels of toxicity and is responsible for serious side effects. Consequently, tumour targeting is required in order to confine this toxicity within the locality of the tumour. Bacteria have a natural capacity to grow within tumours and deliver therapeutic molecules in a controlled fashion. The non-pathogenic E. coli strain MG1655 was investigated as a tumour targeting system in order to produce TNFα specifically within murine tumours. In vivo bioluminescence imaging studies and ex vivo immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated rapid targeting dynamics and prolonged survival, replication and spread of this bacterial platform within tumours. An engineered TNFα producing construct deployed in mouse models via either intra-tumoural (i.t.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration facilitated robust TNFα production, as evidenced by ELISA of tumour extracts. Tumour growth was impeded in three subcutaneous murine tumour models (CT26 colon, RENCA renal, and TRAMP prostate) as evidenced by tumour volume and survival analyses. A pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokine induction was observed in tumours of treated mice vs. controls. Mice remained healthy throughout experiments. This study indicates the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TNFα expressing bacteria in vivo, highlighting the potential of non-pathogenic bacteria as a platform for restricting the activity of highly potent cancer agents to tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Murphy
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Panos Lehouritis
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ciarán Devoy
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kogermann K, Putrinš M, Tenson T. Single-cell level methods for studying the effect of antibiotics on bacteria during infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 95:2-16. [PMID: 27577009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence about phenotypic heterogeneity among bacteria during infection has accumulated during recent years. This heterogeneity has to be considered if the mechanisms of infection and antibiotic action are to be understood, so we need to implement existing and find novel methods to monitor the effects of antibiotics on bacteria at the single-cell level. This review provides an overview of methods by which this aim can be achieved. Fluorescence label-based methods and Raman scattering as a label-free approach are discussed in particular detail. Other label-free methods that can provide single-cell level information, such as impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance, are briefly summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of these different methods are discussed in light of a challenging in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Marta Putrinš
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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16
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Abstract
The rise in multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria has become a global crisis. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of infection will facilitate antibiotic stewardship and preserve our ability to treat and cure patients from bacterial infection. Direct in situ imaging of bacteria offers the prospect of accurately diagnosing disease and monitoring patient outcomes and response to treatment in real-time. There have been many recent advances in the field of optical imaging of infection; namely in specific probe and fluorophore design. This combined with the advances in imaging device technology render direct optical imaging of infection a feasible approach for accurate diagnosis in the clinic. Despite this, there are currently no licensed molecular probes for clinical optical imaging of infection. Here we report some of the most promising and interesting probes and approaches under development for this purpose, which have been evaluated in in vivo models within the laboratory setting.
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17
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Elmes RBP. Bioreductive fluorescent imaging agents: applications to tumour hypoxia. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8935-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01037g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of new optical chemosensors for various reductases presents an ideal approach to visualise areas of tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. P. Elmes
- Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- National University of Ireland
- Maynooth
- Ireland
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18
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Vorobyeva AG, Stanton M, Godinat A, Lund KB, Karateev GG, Francis KP, Allen E, Gelovani JG, McCormack E, Tangney M, Dubikovskaya EA. Development of a Bioluminescent Nitroreductase Probe for Preclinical Imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131037. [PMID: 26110789 PMCID: PMC4482324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nitroreductases (NTRs) have been widely utilized in the development of novel antibiotics, degradation of pollutants, and gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) of cancer that reached clinical trials. In case of GDEPT, since NTR is not naturally present in mammalian cells, the prodrug is activated selectively in NTR-transformed cancer cells, allowing high efficiency treatment of tumors. Currently, no bioluminescent probes exist for sensitive, non-invasive imaging of NTR expression. We therefore developed a "NTR caged luciferin" (NCL) probe that is selectively reduced by NTR, producing light proportional to the NTR activity. Here we report successful application of this probe for imaging of NTR in vitro, in bacteria and cancer cells, as well as in vivo in mouse models of bacterial infection and NTR-expressing tumor xenografts. This novel tool should significantly accelerate the development of cancer therapy approaches based on GDEPT and other fields where NTR expression is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhelika G. Vorobyeva
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stanton
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aurélien Godinat
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kjetil B. Lund
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grigory G. Karateev
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Elizabeth Allen
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juri G. Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elena A. Dubikovskaya
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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