1
|
Moqadami A, Khalaj-Kondori M, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Baradaran B. Minocycline declines interleukin-1ß-induced apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase expression in C28/I2 chondrocyte cells: an in vitro study on osteoarthritis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:114-129. [PMID: 38487083 PMCID: PMC10938238 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs with aging. In its late phases, it is determined by the loss of chondrocytes and the breakdown of the extracellular matrix, resulting in pain and functional impairment. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is increased in the injured joints and contributes to the OA pathobiology by inducing chondrocyte apoptosis and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here, we aimed to understand whether minocycline could protect chondrocytes against the IL-1β-induced effects. The human C28/I2 chondrocyte cell line was treated with IL-1β or IL-1β plus minocycline. Cell viability/toxicity, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis were assessed with MMT assay and flow cytometry. Expression of apoptotic genes and MMPs were evaluated with qRT-PCR and western blotting. IL-1β showed a significant cytotoxic effect on the C28/I2 chondrocyte cells. The minocycline effective concentration (EC50) significantly protected the C28/I2 cells against the IL-1β-induced cytotoxic effect. Besides, minocycline effectively lowered IL-1β-induced sub-G1 cell population increase, indicating the minocycline anti-apoptotic effect. When assessed by real-time PCR and western blotting, the minocycline treatment group showed an elevated level of Bcl-2 and a significant decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of the apoptotic markers Bax and Caspase-3 and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-3 and MMP-13. In conclusion, IL-1β promotes OA by inducing chondrocyte death and MMPs overexpression. Treatment with minocycline reduces these effects and decreases the production of apoptotic factors as well as the MMP-3 and MMP-13. Minocycline might be considered as an anti-IL-1β therapeutic supplement in the treatment of osteoarthritis. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Moqadami
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Antidepressant-like Effects of Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren in an Inflammatory Mouse Model of Depression. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050655. [PMID: 35625041 PMCID: PMC9139539 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a neuropsychic disease that has global prevalence and is associated with disability. The pathophysiology of depression is not well understood; however, emerging evidence has indicated that neuroinflammation could contribute to developing depression symptoms. One of the factors that have a role in the development of neuroinflammation is the renin–angiotensin system. Therefore, the goal of the current study is to determine the antidepressant-like effects of Aliskiren, a renin inhibitor, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice, glial cell activation, and the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex. For behavioral studies, the open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used. Inflammatory markers were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). LPS administration (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)) sufficiently reduced the number of crossings in OFT, whereas Aliskiren pretreatment (10 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the LPS effect for two hours after LPS injection. The treatments did not show effects on locomotor activity in OFT 24 h after LPS administration. LPS increased the immobility time in TST and FST or reduced sucrose consumption in SPT after 24 h. Aliskiren reversed the effects induced by LPS in TST, FST, and SPT. CD11 b mRNA, a microglial marker, GFAP mRNA, an astroglial marker, and proinflammatory cytokines genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were upregulated in the prefrontal cortex in LPS exposed animals. However, Aliskiren reduced LPS-induced inflammatory genes in the prefrontal cortex. Hence, the outcomes conclude that Aliskiren prevents depressive illness associated with neuroinflammation in humans.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sobot NM, Sobot TS, Jeremic JN, Bolevich SB, Bolevich SS, Mitrovic SL, Fisenko VP, Inic SG, Samanovic ADM, Rankovic MR, Srejovic IM, Zivkovic VI, Jakovljevic VL. Minocycline as heart conditioning agent in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus - an antibacterial drug in heart protection. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:429-444. [PMID: 35113200 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, and among them certainly myocardial infarction, remain leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes increases risk of occurrence as well as adverse outcome of myocardial infarction. Conditioning maneuvers are the most attractive method for alleviating both the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the protective ability of preconditioning and postconditioning of isolated hearts from healthy and rats with experimentally induced type 2 diabetes with minocycline on functional recovery and redox status after ischemia and reperfusion. The hearts from healthy and diabetic rats were excised and retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique. Using sensor in the left ventricle, the cardiodynamic parameters were recorded and in the samples of the coronary venous effluent oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed. Minocycline was injected directly into the coronary vessels, in preconditioning 5 min before global ischemia, and in postconditioning during the first 5 min of reperfusion. Results of this study clearly show beneficial effects of minocycline applied both before ischemia and in the first minutes of reperfusion fashion in both healthy and diabetic rat hearts. The most prominent protective effect regarding oxidative stress is related to the decreased production of superoxide anion radical due postconditioning with minocycline in diabetic hearts. Cardiodynamic parameters were significantly improved in minocycline conditioned groups. Superoxide anion radical stands out as the most susceptible to changes induced by minocycline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola M Sobot
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Dvanaest beba st. bb, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tanja S Sobot
- Department of Physiology, University of Banja Luka, Save Mrkalja st. 14, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jovana N Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey B Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Stefani S Bolevich
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Slobodanka Lj Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir P Fisenko
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sofija G Inic
- University of Pristina With Temporary Headquarters in Kosovksa Mitrovica Anri Dinana St. Bb, 38220, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | | | - Marina R Rankovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan M Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir I Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lj Jakovljevic
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reis PA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Systemic Response to Infection Induces Long-Term Cognitive Decline: Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress as Therapeutical Targets. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:742158. [PMID: 35250433 PMCID: PMC8895724 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.742158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to pathogens or damage signs, the immune system is activated in order to eliminate the noxious stimuli. The inflammatory response to infectious diseases induces systemic events, including cytokine storm phenomenon, vascular dysfunction, and coagulopathy, that can lead to multiple-organ dysfunction. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major organs affected, and symptoms such as sickness behavior (depression and fever, among others), or even delirium, can be observed due to activation of endothelial and glial cells, leading to neuroinflammation. Several reports have been shown that, due to CNS alterations caused by neuroinflammation, some sequels can be developed in special cognitive decline. There is still no any treatment to avoid cognitive impairment, especially those developed due to systemic infectious diseases, but preclinical and clinical trials have pointed out controlling neuroinflammatory events to avoid the development of this sequel. In this minireview, we point to the possible mechanisms that triggers long-term cognitive decline, proposing the acute neuroinflammatory events as a potential therapeutical target to treat this sequel that has been associated to several infectious diseases, such as malaria, sepsis, and, more recently, the new SARS-Cov2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alves Reis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Alves Reis,
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang G, Li Z, Li S, Ren J, Suresh V, Xu D, Zang W, Liu X, Li W, Wang H, Guo F. Minocycline Preserves the Integrity and Permeability of BBB by Altering the Activity of DKK1-Wnt Signaling in ICH Model. Neuroscience 2019; 415:135-146. [PMID: 31344398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and subsequent neurological deficits are the most severe consequence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Minocycline has been wildly used clinically as a neurological protective agent in clinical practice. However, the underlying mechanisms by which minocycline functions remain unclear. Therefore, we assessed the influence of minocycline on BBB structure, neurological function, and inflammatory responses in a collagenase-induced ICH model, and elucidated underlying molecular mechanisms as well. Following a single injection of collagenase VII-S into the basal ganglia, BBB integrity was assessed by Evans blue extravasation while neurological function was assessed using an established neurologic function scoring system. Minocycline treatment significantly alleviated the severity of BBB disruption, brain edema, and neurological deficits in ICH model. Moreover, minocycline decreased the production of inflammatory mediators including TNF, IL-6, and MMP-9, by microglia. Minocycline treatment decreased DKK1 expression but increased Wnt1, β-catenin and Occludin, a phenomenon mimicked by DKK1 silencing. These data suggest that minocycline improves the consequences of ICH by preserving BBB integrity and attenuating neurologic deficits in a DKK1-related manner that involves enhancement of the Wnt1-β-catenin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450052
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University
| | - Shujian Li
- Department of neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China, 450001
| | - Junling Ren
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Vigneyshwar Suresh
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450052
| | - Dingkang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450052
| | - Weidong Zang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University
| | - Xianzhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450052
| | - Wei Li
- Department of neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China, 450001
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202.
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450052.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sato T, Hirohara A, Izumi Y, Nakatomi T, Iwayama K, Ohtaki KI, Hayase N. Effects of Minocycline on H2O2-induced Cell Death and Interleukin-8 Production in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.509.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
7
|
Chen JC, Li LM, Gao JQ. Biomaterials for local drug delivery in central nervous system. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
8
|
Weiser M, Levi L, Burshtein S, Chiriță R, Cirjaliu D, Gonen I, Yolken R, Davidson M, Zamora D, Davis JM. The effect of minocycline on symptoms in schizophrenia: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:325-332. [PMID: 30455075 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have hypothesized that immunological abnormalities might contribute to schizophrenia, and basic science studies, as well as several clinical trials suggest that minocycline could be efficacious in ameliorating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In this study we examined the effect of minocycline on schizophrenia in a large randomized controlled trial. METHODS We performed a 16-week, multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 200 subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder randomized to receive either minocycline (200 mg/day, n = 100), or placebo (n = 100) as an add-on to anti-psychotic treatment. The primary outcome measure was the PANSS total score. RESULTS Mixed models for repeated measures showed no significant difference between minocycline and placebo for total PANSS (p = 0.862), PANSS subscales, CGI or BACS. CONCLUSIONS Minocycline did not improve symptoms or cognition in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Weiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Linda Levi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Shimon Burshtein
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Roxana Chiriță
- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie Socola, Iași. Șos. Bucium 36, Iași, Romania
| | - Diana Cirjaliu
- Clinica de Psihiatrie Palazu Mare, Constanta, Tomis 145, Constanța, Romania
| | | | - Robert Yolken
- Dept. of Pediatrics, John's Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Davidson
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; University of Nicosia Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chappel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bortolanza M, Nascimento GC, Socias SB, Ploper D, Chehín RN, Raisman-Vozari R, Del-Bel E. Tetracycline repurposing in neurodegeneration: focus on Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1403-1415. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
10
|
Zhang Z, Zhang L, Ding Y, Han Z, Ji X. Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia Combined with Other Neuroprotective Strategies on Ischemic Stroke: Review of Evidence. Aging Dis 2018; 9:507-522. [PMID: 29896438 PMCID: PMC5988605 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability globally, and its incidence is increasing. The only treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for acute ischemic stroke is thrombolytic treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. As an alternative, therapeutic hypothermia has shown excellent potential in preclinical and small clinical studies, but it has largely failed in large clinical studies. This has led clinicians to explore the combination of therapeutic hypothermia with other neuroprotective strategies. This review examines preclinical and clinical progress towards developing highly effective combination therapy involving hypothermia for stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linlei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Apoorv TS, Babu PP. Minocycline prevents cerebral malaria, confers neuroprotection and increases survivability of mice during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Cytokine 2016; 90:113-123. [PMID: 27865203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a neurological complication arising due to Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax infection. Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline, has been earlier reported to have a neuroprotective role in several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of minocycline treatment on the survivability of mice during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). The currently accepted mouse model, C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, was used for the study. Infected mice were treated with an intra-peritoneal dose of minocycline hydrochloride, 45mg/kg daily for ten days that led to parasite clearance in blood, brain, liver and spleen on 7th day post-infection; and the mice survived until experiment ended (90days) without parasite recrudescence. Evans blue extravasation assay showed that blood-brain barrier integrity was maintained by minocycline. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein level and caspase activity, which is related to CM pathogenesis, was significantly reduced in the minocycline-treated group. Fluoro-Jade® C and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the brains of minocycline group revealed a decrease in degenerating neurons and absence of hemorrhages respectively. Minocycline treatment led to decrease in gene expressions of inflammatory mediators like interferon-gamma, CXCL10, CCL5, CCL2; receptors CXCR3 and CCR2; and hence decrease in T-cell-mediated cerebral inflammation. We also proved that this reduction in gene expressions is irrespective of the anti-parasitic property of minocycline. The distinct ability of minocycline to modulate gene expressions of CXCL10 and CXCR3 makes it effective than doxycycline, a tetracycline used as chemoprophylaxis. Our study shows that minocycline is highly effective in conferring neuroprotection during ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thittayil Suresh Apoorv
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bolinger MT, Antonetti DA. Moving Past Anti-VEGF: Novel Therapies for Treating Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1498. [PMID: 27618014 PMCID: PMC5037775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults, and is projected to be a significant future health concern due to the rising incidence of diabetes. The recent advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies has revolutionized the treatment of diabetic retinopathy but a significant subset of patients fail to respond to treatment. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines other than VEGF may contribute to the disease process. The current review examines the presence of non-VEGF cytokines in the eyes of patients with diabetic retinopathy and highlights mechanistic pathways in relevant animal models. Finally, novel drug targets including components of the kinin-kallikrein system and emerging treatments such as anti-HPTP (human protein tyrosine phosphatase) β antibodies are discussed. Recognition of non-VEGF contributions to disease pathogenesis may lead to novel therapeutics to enhance existing treatments for patients who do not respond to anti-VEGF therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Bolinger
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - David A Antonetti
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wnęk M, Ressel L, Ricci E, Rodriguez-Martinez C, Guerrero JCV, Ismail Z, Smith C, Kipar A, Sodeik B, Chinnery PF, Solomon T, Griffiths MJ. Herpes simplex encephalitis is linked with selective mitochondrial damage; a post-mortem and in vitro study. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:433-51. [PMID: 27457581 PMCID: PMC4992034 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is the most commonly diagnosed cause of viral encephalitis in western countries. Despite antiviral treatment, HSE remains a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Improved understanding of pathogenesis may lead to more effective therapies. Mitochondrial damage has been reported during HSV infection in vitro. However, whether it occurs in the human brain and whether this contributes to the pathogenesis has not been fully explored. Minocycline, an antibiotic, has been reported to protect mitochondria and limit brain damage. Minocycline has not been studied in HSV infection. In the first genome-wide transcriptomic study of post-mortem human HSE brain tissue, we demonstrated a highly preferential reduction in mitochondrial genome (MtDNA) encoded transcripts in HSE cases (n = 3) compared to controls (n = 5). Brain tissue exhibited a significant inverse correlation for immunostaining between cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), a MtDNA encoded enzyme subunit, and HSV-1; with lower abundance for mitochondrial protein in regions where HSV-1 was abundant. Preferential loss of mitochondrial function, among MtDNA encoded components, was confirmed using an in vitro primary human astrocyte HSV-1 infection model. Dysfunction of cytochrome c oxidase (CO), a mitochondrial enzyme composed predominantly of MtDNA encoded subunits, preceded that of succinate dehydrogenase (composed entirely of nuclear encoded subunits). Minocycline treated astrocytes exhibited higher CO1 transcript abundance, sustained CO activity and cell viability compared to non-treated astrocytes. Based on observations from HSE patient tissue, this study highlights mitochondrial damage as a critical and early event during HSV-1 infection. We demonstrate minocycline preserves mitochondrial function and cell viability during HSV-1 infection. Minocycline, and mitochondrial protection, offers a novel adjunctive therapeutic approach for limiting brain cell damage and potentially improving outcome among HSE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wnęk
- Brain Infections Group, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
- Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Emanuele Ricci
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
- Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Carmen Rodriguez-Martinez
- Brain Infections Group, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Julio Cesar Villalvazo Guerrero
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Zarini Ismail
- Brain Infections Group, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Academic Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
- Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Tom Solomon
- Brain Infections Group, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Fazakerley, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Michael J Griffiths
- Brain Infections Group, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
- Department of Neurology, Alder-Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, West Derby, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shah AP, Shen JI, Wang Y, Tong L, Pak Y, Andalibi A, LaPage JA, Adler SG. Effects of Minocycline on Urine Albumin, Interleukin-6, and Osteoprotegerin in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152357. [PMID: 27019421 PMCID: PMC4809491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We tested minocycline as an anti-proteinuric adjunct to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and measured urinary biomarkers to evaluate minocycline’s biological effects. Methods Design: Prospective, single center, randomized, placebo-controlled, intention-to-treat pilot trial. Inclusion. Type 2 diabetes/DN; Baseline creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min; proteinuria ≥ 1.0 g/day; Age ≥30 years; BP <150/95 mm Hg; intolerant of/at maximum RAASi dose. Protocol. 3-wk screening; Baseline randomization; Urine and blood measures at months 1, 2, 4, and Month 6 study completion. Urine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteoprotegerin were measured in a subset. Primary outcome. Natural log of urine protein/creatinine (ln U P:Cr) ratio at Month 6 vs Baseline. Results 30 patients completed the study. The 15% decline in U P: Cr in minocycline patients (6 month P:Cr ÷ Baseline P:Cr, 0.85 vs. 0.92) was not significant (p = 0.27). Creatinine clearance did not differ in the 2 groups. Urine IL-6:Cr (p = 0.03) and osteoprotegerin/Cr (p = 0.046) decrements were significant. Minocycline modified the relationship between urine IL-6 and proteinuria, suggesting a protective biological effect. Conclusions Although the decline in U P:Cr in minocycline patients was not statistically significant, the significant differences in urine IL-6 and osteoprotegerin suggest that minocycline may confer cytoprotection in patients with DN, providing a rationale for further study. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01779089
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja P. Shah
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, United States of America
| | - Jenny I. Shen
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, United States of America
| | - Lili Tong
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, United States of America
| | - Youngju Pak
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, United States of America
| | - Ali Andalibi
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, United States of America
| | - Janine A. LaPage
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, United States of America
| | - Sharon G. Adler
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biancardi VC, Stranahan AM, Krause EG, de Kloet AD, Stern JE. Cross talk between AT1 receptors and Toll-like receptor 4 in microglia contributes to angiotensin II-derived ROS production in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H404-15. [PMID: 26637556 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00247.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ANG II is thought to increase sympathetic outflow by increasing oxidative stress and promoting local inflammation in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. However, the relative contributions of inflammation and oxidative stress to sympathetic drive remain poorly understood, and the underlying cellular and molecular targets have yet to be examined. ANG II has been shown to enhance Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-mediated signaling on microglia. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to determine whether ANG II-mediated activation of microglial TLR4 signaling is a key molecular target initiating local oxidative stress in the PVN. We found TLR4 and ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor mRNA expression in hypothalamic microglia, providing molecular evidence for the potential interaction between these two receptors. In hypothalamic slices, ANG II induced microglial activation within the PVN (∼65% increase, P < 0.001), an effect that was blunted in the absence of functional TLR4. ANG II increased ROS production, as indicated by dihydroethidium fluorescence, within the PVN of rats and mice (P < 0.0001 in both cases), effects that were also dependent on the presence of functional TLR4. The microglial inhibitor minocycline attenuated ANG II-mediated ROS production, yet ANG II effects persisted in PVN single-minded 1-AT1a knockout mice, supporting the contribution of a non-neuronal source (likely microglia) to ANG II-driven ROS production in the PVN. Taken together, these results support functional interactions between AT1 receptors and TLR4 in mediating ANG II-dependent microglial activation and oxidative stress within the PVN. More broadly, our results support a functional interaction between the central renin-angiotensin system and innate immunity in the regulation of neurohumoral outflows from the PVN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Eric G Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Annette D de Kloet
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Javier E Stern
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Z, Nong J, Zhong Y. Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective layer-by-layer coatings for neural implants. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:046015. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/046015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
17
|
Guerra AD, Cantu DA, Vecchi JT, Rose WE, Hematti P, Kao WJ. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell and Minocycline-Loaded Hydrogels Inhibit the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus that Evades Immunomodulation of Blood-Derived Leukocytes. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:620-30. [PMID: 25716147 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated favorable wound healing properties in addition to their differentiation capacity. MSCs encapsulated in biomaterials such as gelatin and polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite hydrogels have displayed an immunophenotype change that leads to the release of cytokines and growth factors to accelerate wound healing. However, therapeutic potential of implanted MSC-loaded hydrogels may be limited by non-specific protein adsorption that facilitates adhesion of bacterial pathogens such as planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (SA) to the surface with subsequent biofilm formation resistant to immune cell recognition and antibiotic activity. In this study, we demonstrate that blood-derived primary leukocytes and bone marrow-derived MSCs cannot inhibit colony-forming abilities of planktonic or biofilm-associated SA. However, we show that hydrogels loaded with MSCs and minocycline significantly inhibit colony-forming abilities of planktonic SA while maintaining MSC viability and multipotency. Our results suggest that minocycline and MSC-loaded hydrogels may decrease the bioburden of SA at implant sites in wounds, and may improve the wound healing capabilities of MSC-loaded hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Daniel Guerra
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, 7123 Rennebohm Hall, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Z, Wang Z, Nong J, Nix CA, Ji HF, Zhong Y. Metal ion-assisted self-assembly of complexes for controlled and sustained release of minocycline for biomedical applications. Biofabrication 2015; 7:015006. [PMID: 25599696 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/1/015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of novel drug delivery complexes self-assembled by divalent metal ion-assisted coacervation for controlled and sustained release of a hydrophilic small drug molecule minocycline hydrochloride (MH). MH is a multifaceted agent that has demonstrated therapeutic effects in infection, inflammation, tumor, as well as cardiovascular, renal, and neurological disorders due to its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. However, the inability to translate the high doses used in experimental animals to tolerable doses in human patients limits its clinical application. Localized delivery can potentially expose the diseased tissue to high concentrations of MH that systemic delivery cannot achieve, while minimizing the side effects from systemic exposure. The strong metal ion binding-assisted interaction enabled high drug entrapment and loading efficiency, and stable long term release for more than 71 d. Released MH demonstrated potent anti-biofilm, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Furthermore, MH release from the complexes is pH-sensitive as the chelation between minocycline and metal ions decreases with pH, allowing 'smart' drug release in response to the severity of pathology-induced tissue acidosis. This novel metal ion binding-mediated drug delivery mechanism can potentially be applied to other drugs that have high binding affinity for metal ions and may lead to the development of new delivery systems for a variety of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Garrido-Mesa N, Zarzuelo A, Gálvez J. Minocycline: far beyond an antibiotic. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:337-52. [PMID: 23441623 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Minocycline is a second-generation, semi-synthetic tetracycline that has been in therapeutic use for over 30 years because of its antibiotic properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is mainly used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and some sexually transmitted diseases. Recently, it has been reported that tetracyclines can exert a variety of biological actions that are independent of their anti-microbial activity, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, and inhibition of proteolysis, angiogenesis and tumour metastasis. These findings specifically concern to minocycline as it has recently been found to have multiple non-antibiotic biological effects that are beneficial in experimental models of various diseases with an inflammatory basis, including dermatitis, periodontitis, atherosclerosis and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Of note, minocycline has also emerged as the most effective tetracycline derivative at providing neuroprotection. This effect has been confirmed in experimental models of ischaemia, traumatic brain injury and neuropathic pain, and of several neurodegenerative conditions including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. Moreover, other pre-clinical studies have shown its ability to inhibit malignant cell growth and activation and replication of human immunodeficiency virus, and to prevent bone resorption. Considering the above-mentioned findings, this review will cover the most important topics in the pharmacology of minocycline to date, supporting its evaluation as a new therapeutic approach for many of the diseases described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Garrido-Mesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tilakaratne A, Soory M. Anti-inflammatory Actions of Adjunctive Tetracyclines and Other Agents in Periodontitis and Associated Comorbidities. Open Dent J 2014; 8:109-24. [PMID: 24976875 PMCID: PMC4073587 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-antimicrobial properties of tetracyclines such as anti-inflammatory, proanabolic and anti-catabolic actions make them effective pharmaceuticals for the adjunctive management of chronic inflammatory diseases. An over-exuberant inflammatory response to an antigenic trigger in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases could contribute to an autoimmune element in disease progression. Their adjunctive use in managing periodontitis could have beneficial effects in curbing excessive inflammatory loading from commonly associated comorbidities such as CHD, DM and arthritis. Actions of tetracyclines and their derivatives include interactions with MMPs, tissue inhibitors of MMPs, growth factors and cytokines. They affect the sequence of inflammation with implications on immunomodulation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis; these actions enhance their scope, in treating a range of disease entities. Non-antimicrobial chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) sustain their diverse actions in organ systems which include anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-proteolytic actions, inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. A spectrum of biological actions in dermatitis, periodontitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy and prevention of bone resorption is particularly relevant to minocycline. Experimental models of ischemia indicate their specific beneficial effects. Parallel molecules with similar functions, improved Zn binding and solubility have been developed for reducing excessive MMP activity. Curbing excessive MMP activity is particularly relevant to periodontitis, and comorbidities addressed here, where specificity is paramount. Unique actions of tetracyclines in a milieu of excessive inflammatory stimuli make them effective therapeutic adjuncts in the management of chronic inflammatory disorders. These beneficial actions of tetracyclines are relevant to the adjunctive management of periodontitis subjects presenting with commonly prevalent comorbidities addressed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri-Lanka
| | - Mena Soory
- Periodontology King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RW, UKB
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li C, Yuan K, Schluesener H. Impact of minocycline on neurodegenerative diseases in rodents: a meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2014; 24:553-62. [PMID: 24077620 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2013-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline is a semisynthetic second-generation tetracycline derivative, and many publications provide evidence of its successful neuroprotection in a variety of animal models. We searched PubMed and Chinese CNKI databases from January 1992 to May 2012 for studies on minocycline in neurodegenerative diseases in rodents. A meta-analysis that adopted weighted Cohen's d effect sizes, percent overlap, Fail-Safe N statistics, and confidence intervals was conducted. In total, 16 English and 3 Chinese articles with high or medium quality were included in this meta-analysis. The treatment benefits for rodents from low-dose (5 mg/kg/day), moderate-dose (45, 50, or 55 mg/kg/day), and high-dose (90 mg/kg/day) minocycline were larger in Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke mouse models, respectively. In rats, a moderate dose (45 mg/kg/day) of minocycline was most effective. In conclusion, minocycline exerts neuroprotective effects in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases. Anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities are discussed as the basis of this effect. However, there is insufficient information from these animal models on side effects of minocycline therapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
D'Ambrosio R, Eastman CL, Fattore C, Perucca E. Novel frontiers in epilepsy treatments: preventing epileptogenesis by targeting inflammation. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 13:615-25. [PMID: 23738999 DOI: 10.1586/ern.13.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently available epilepsy drugs only affect the symptoms (seizures), and there is a need for innovative treatments that target the underlying disease. Increasing evidence points to inflammation as a potentially important mechanism in epileptogenesis. In the last decade, a new generation of etiologically realistic syndrome-specific experimental models have been developed, which are expected to capture the epileptogenic mechanisms operating in corresponding patient populations, and to exhibit similar treatment responsiveness. Recently, an intervention known to have broad-ranging anti-inflammatory effects (selective brain cooling) has been found to prevent the development of spontaneously occurring seizures in an etiologically realistic rat model of post-traumatic epilepsy. Several drugs used clinically for other indications also have the potential for inhibiting inflammation, and should be investigated for antiepileptogenic activity in these models. If results of such studies are positive, these compounds could rapidly enter Phase III trials in patients at high risk of developing epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimondo D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fekadu A, Mesfin M, Medhin G, Alem A, Teferra S, Gebre-Eyesus T, Seboxa T, Assefa A, Hussein J, Lemma MT, Borba C, Henderson DC, Hanlon C, Shibre T. Adjuvant therapy with minocycline for schizophrenia (The MINOS Trial): study protocol for a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:406. [PMID: 24279305 PMCID: PMC4222697 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is understood to be a heterogeneous brain condition with overlapping symptom dimensions. The negative symptom dimension, with its protean cognitive manifestations, responds poorly to treatment, which can be a particular challenge in countries where clozapine therapy is not available. Preliminary data indicate that minocycline may be beneficial adjunct in the treatment of schizophrenia: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. In this study we aim to assess the efficacy of adjunctive minocycline to alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia in patients who have failed to respond to a therapeutic trial of antipsychotic medications. Methods The study is a parallel group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants will be adults (aged 18 years and above) with first episode or relapse episode of schizophrenia of under 5 years’ duration. Patients who failed to show adequate therapeutic response to at least one antipsychotic medication given for a minimum of 4 weeks will be recruited from a psychiatry hospital in Addis Ababa and a psychiatry clinic in Butajira, Ethiopia. A total of 150 participants (75 in each arm) will be required to detect a five-point mean difference between the intervention arms adjusting for baseline symptom severity, at 90% power and 95% confidence. Patients in the intervention arm will receive minocycline (200 mg/day orally) added on to the regular antipsychotic medications participants are already on. Those in the placebo arm will receive an inactive compound identical in physical appearance to minocycline. Intervention will be offered for 12 weeks. Diagnosis will be established using the operational criteria for research (OPCRIT). Primary outcome measure will be a change in symptom severity measured using the positive and the negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia (PANSS). Secondary outcome measures will include changes in severity of negative symptoms, proportion achieving remission, and level of functioning. Whether changes are maintained post intervention will also be measured (PANSS). Key assessment for the primary outcome will be conducted at the end of trial (week 12). One post-intervention assessment will be conducted 4 weeks after the end of intervention (week 16) to determine sustainability of change. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01809158.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abebaw Fekadu
- Department of psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schönfeld P, Siemen D, Kreutzmann P, Franz C, Wojtczak L. Interaction of the antibiotic minocycline with liver mitochondria - role of membrane permeabilization in the impairment of respiration. FEBS J 2013; 280:6589-99. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schönfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Otto-von-Guericke-University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Detlef Siemen
- Department of Neurology; Otto-von-Guericke-University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Peter Kreutzmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Otto-von-Guericke-University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Claudia Franz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Otto-von-Guericke-University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Lech Wojtczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baumgartner W, Baumgartner A. Rationale for an experimental treatment of retinitis pigmentosa: 140-Month test of hypothesis with one patient. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:720-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Borre Y, Sir V, de Kivit S, Westphal KG, Olivier B, Oosting RS. Minocycline restores spatial but not fear memory in olfactory bulbectomized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 697:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
27
|
Naura AS, Kim H, Ju J, Rodriguez PC, Jordan J, Catling AD, Rezk BM, Abd Elmageed ZY, Pyakurel K, Tarhuni AF, Abughazleh MQ, Errami Y, Zerfaoui M, Ochoa AC, Boulares AH. Minocycline blocks asthma-associated inflammation in part by interfering with the T cell receptor-nuclear factor κB-GATA-3-IL-4 axis without a prominent effect on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23184953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Minocycline protects against asthma independently of its antibiotic function and was recently reported as a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In an animal model of asthma, a single administration of minocycline conferred excellent protection against ovalbumin-induced airway eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and Th2 cytokine production (IL-4/IL-5/IL-12(p70)/IL-13/GM-CSF) and a partial protection against airway hyperresponsiveness. These effects correlated with pronounced reduction in lung and sera allergen-specific IgE. A reduction in poly(ADP-ribose) immunoreactivity in the lungs of minocycline-treated/ovalbumin-challenged mice correlated with decreased oxidative DNA damage. The effect of minocycline on PARP may be indirect, as the drug failed to efficiently block direct PARP activation in lungs of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine-treated mice or H(2)O(2)-treated cells. Minocycline blocked allergen-specific IgE production in B cells potentially by modulating T cell receptor (TCR)-linked IL-4 production at the mRNA level but not through a modulation of the IL-4-JAK-STAT-6 axis, IL-2 production, or NFAT1 activation. Restoration of IL-4, ex vivo, rescued IgE production by minocycline-treated/ovalbumin-stimulated B cells. IL-4 blockade correlated with a preferential inhibition of the NF-κB activation arm of TCR but not GSK3, Src, p38 MAPK, or ERK1/2. Interestingly, the drug promoted a slightly higher Src and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of NF-κB was linked to a complete blockade of TCR-stimulated GATA-3 expression, a pivotal transcription factor for IL-4 expression. Minocycline also reduced TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation and expression of dependent genes. These results show a potentially broad effect of minocycline but that it may block IgE production in part by modulating TCR function, particularly by inhibiting the signaling pathway, leading to NF-κB activation, GATA-3 expression, and subsequent IL-4 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit S Naura
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
What is behind the non-antibiotic properties of minocycline? Pharmacol Res 2012; 67:18-30. [PMID: 23085382 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline is a second-generation, semi-synthetic tetracycline that has been in use in therapy for over 30 years for its antibiotic properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It displays antibiotic activity due to its ability to bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and thus inhibit protein synthesis. More recently, it has been described to exert a variety of biological actions beyond its antimicrobial activity, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, inhibition of proteolysis, as well as suppression of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, which have been confirmed in different experimental models of non-infectious diseases. There are also many studies that have focused on the mechanisms involved in these non-antibiotic properties of minocycline, including anti-oxidant activity, inhibition of several enzyme activities, inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of immune cell activation and proliferation. This review summarizes the current findings in this topic, mainly focusing on the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of minocycline.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cytoprotective activity of minocycline includes improvement of mitochondrial coupling: the importance of minocycline concentration and the presence of VDAC. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:297-307. [PMID: 22576350 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Available data indicate that minocycline, an antibiotic of the tetracycline family, has cytoprotective properties due to a direct interaction with mitochondria. Yet, the data in the case of isolated mitochondria suggest discrepant or even detrimental effect(s) of the interaction. We have studied the cytoprotective activity displayed by minocycline in the case of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells pretreated with H₂O₂. We demonstrated that the activity of minocycline required the presence of VDAC (voltage-dependent anion-selective channel) and provided distinct improvement of mitochondrial coupling. In the case of isolated mitochondria, we verified that minocycline exhibited uncoupler activity when applied in micromolar concentrations. However, when added in nanomolar concentrations, minocycline was able to improve the level of coupling for isolated mitochondria. The coupling improvement effect was observed in mitochondria containing VDAC but not in Δpor1 mitochondria (depleted of VDAC1, termed here VDAC) and in both types of mitoplasts. Thus, properly low concentrations of minocycline within the cell in the vicinity of VDAC-containing mitochondria enable the improvement of energy coupling of mitochondria that contributes to cytoprotective activity of minocycline.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kreutzmann P, Franz C, Schönfeld P. Minocycline forms complexes with manganese in vitro: explaining reported beneficial effects in manganese treated Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicology 2012; 300:100-1. [PMID: 22561279 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Ferretti MT, Allard S, Partridge V, Ducatenzeiler A, Cuello AC. Minocycline corrects early, pre-plaque neuroinflammation and inhibits BACE-1 in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease-like amyloid pathology. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:62. [PMID: 22472085 PMCID: PMC3352127 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence indicates that inflammation is one of the earliest neuropathological events in Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, we have recently shown the occurrence of an early, pro-inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus of young, three-month-old transgenic McGill-Thy1-APP mice in the absence of amyloid plaques but associated with intracellular accumulation of amyloid beta petide oligomers. The role of such a pro-inflammatory process in the progression of the pathology remained to be elucidated. Methods and results To clarify this we administered minocycline, a tetracyclic derivative with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, to young, pre-plaque McGill-Thy1-APP mice for one month. The treatment ended at the age of three months, when the mice were still devoid of plaques. Minocycline treatment corrected the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 observed in young transgenic placebo mice. Furthermore, the down-regulation of inflammatory markers correlated with a reduction in amyloid precursor protein levels and amyloid precursor protein-related products. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 activity and levels were found to be up-regulated in transgenic placebo mice, while minocycline treatment restored these levels to normality. The anti-inflammatory and beta-secretase 1 effects could be partly explained by the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Conclusions Our study suggests that the pharmacological modulation of neuroinflammation might represent a promising approach for preventing or delaying the development of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at its initial, pre-clinical stages. The results open new vistas to the interplay between inflammation and amyloid pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ferretti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meulendyke KA, Pletnikov MV, Engle EL, Tarwater PM, Graham DR, Zink MC. Early minocycline treatment prevents a decrease in striatal dopamine in an SIV model of HIV-associated neurological disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2011; 7:454-64. [PMID: 22198699 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals, even with antiretroviral therapy, often display cognitive, behavioral and motor abnormalities and have decreased dopamine (DA) levels. Minocycline prevents encephalitis and neurodegeneration in SIV models, suggesting that it might also protect against nigrostriatal dopaminergic system dysfunction. Using an SIV/macaque model of HIV-associated CNS disease, we demonstrated that striatal levels of DA were significantly lower in macaques late in infection and that levels of the metabolite DOPAC also tended to be lower. DA levels declined more than its metabolites, indicating a dysregulation of DA production or catabolism. Minocycline treatment beginning at 12 but not 21 days postinoculation prevented striatal DA loss. DA decline was not due to direct loss of dopaminergic projections to the basal ganglia as there was no difference in tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter 2 or synaptophysin between minocycline-treated and untreated macaques. SIV-infected macaques had significantly higher monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity than uninfected macaques, although MAO activity was not affected by minocycline. Oxidative/nitrosative stress was examined by nitrotyrosine staining in the deep white matter and was lower in SIV-infected, minocycline-treated macaques compared with untreated macaques. These data suggest that minocycline, which has antioxidant activity, has a protective effect on DA homeostasis when administered at an appropriate time in SIV neuropathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Meulendyke
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ossola B, Lantto TA, Puttonen KA, Tuominen RK, Raasmaja A, Männistö PT. Minocycline protects SH-SY5Y cells from 6-hydroxydopamine by inhibiting both caspase-dependent and -independent programmed cell death. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:682-90. [PMID: 22108958 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Minocycline, a tetracyclic antibiotic, exerts both antiinflammation by acting on microglia and a direct protection on neurons by inhibiting the apoptotic machinery at various levels. However, we are not aware of any study investigating the effects of minocycline on caspase-independent programmed cell death (PCD) pathways. This study investigated these alternative pathways in SH-SY5Y cells, a human dopaminergic cell line, challenged with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Minocycline exhibited neuroprotection and inhibition of the toxin-induced caspase-3-like activity, DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation, hallmarks of apoptosis. Moreover, we revealed that 6-OHDA also activated caspase-independent PCDs (such as paraptosis), which required de novo protein synthesis. Additionally, by separately monitoring caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways, we showed that inhibition of apoptosis only partially explained the protective effect of minocycline. Moreover, we observed that minocycline reduced the protein content of cells but, unexpectedly, increased the protein synthesis. These findings suggest that minocycline may actually increase protein degradation, so it may also accelerate the clearance of aberrant proteins. In conclusion, we report for the first time evidence indicating that minocycline may inhibit PCD pathways that are additional to conventional apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino Ossola
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cuenca-Lopez MD, Karachitos A, Massarotto L, Oliveira PJ, Aguirre N, Galindo MF, Kmita H, Jordán J. Minocycline exerts uncoupling and inhibiting effects on mitochondrial respiration through adenine nucleotide translocase inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2011; 65:120-8. [PMID: 21884796 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to provide a better understanding of the mitochondria-targeted actions of minocycline (MC), a second-generation tetracycline which has cytoprotective effects. Although the specific mechanisms underlying its activity remained elusive, considerable amounts of data indicated mitochondria as the primary pharmacological target of MC. Previous reports have shown that MC affects the oxygen-uptake rate by isolated mitochondria in different respiratory states. Here, we report on the effect of MC, in the range 50-200μM, on mitochondrial respiration. State 3 respiration titration with carboxyatractyloside revealed that MC inhibits the adenine nucleotide translocase. Furthermore, we analyze MC channel-forming capacity in the lipid membrane bilayer. Our results confirmed the crucial role of Δψ and showed a dependence on Ca(2+) for MC to have an effect on mitochondria. Our data also indicated that outer and inner mitochondrial membranes contribute differently to this effect, involving the presence of Δψ (the inner membrane) and VDAC (the outer membrane). Data from three isosmotic media indicate that MC does not increase the permeability of the inner membrane to protons or potassium. In addition, by using mitoplasts and ruthenium red, we showed that Ca(2+) uptake is not involved in the MC effect, suggesting involvement of VDAC in the MC interaction with the outer membrane. Our data contribute to unravel the mechanisms behind the mitochondria-targeted activity of the cytoprotective drug MC.
Collapse
|
35
|
The prospects of minocycline in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 235:1-8. [PMID: 21565409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although there are several approved drugs for MS, not all patients respond optimally to these drugs. More effective, well-tolerated therapeutic strategies for MS are necessary, either through the development of new medication or combination of existing ones. Minocycline is a traditional antibiotic with profound anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and good tolerance for long-term use. The encouraging results from the animal model and clinical experiments on minocycline make it a promising candidate for MS treatment whether used alone or combined with other drugs. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological actions of minocycline and focused on its therapeutic effects and safety in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS. The data obtained here showed that minocycline would be an effective and safe therapy for MS.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gowda K, Zinnanti WJ, LaNoue KF. The influence of diabetes on glutamate metabolism in retinas. J Neurochem 2011; 117:309-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
37
|
Galindo MF, Ikuta I, Zhu X, Casadesus G, Jordán J. Mitochondrial biology in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. J Neurochem 2010; 114:933-45. [PMID: 20492350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing knowledge of Alzheimer's disease (AD) management with novel pharmacologic agents, most of them are only transiently fixing symptomatic pathology. Currently there is rapid growth in the field of neuroprotective pharmacology and increasing focus on the involvement of mitochondria in this devastating disease. This review is directed at understanding the role of mitochondria-mediated pathways in AD and integrating basic biology of the mitochondria with knowledge of possible pharmacologic targets for AD treatment in an attempt to elucidate novel mitochondria-driven therapeutic interventions useful to both clinical and basic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María F Galindo
- Unidad de Neuropsicofarmacología Translacional, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kreutzmann P, Wolf G, Kupsch K. Minocycline recovers MTT-formazan exocytosis impaired by amyloid beta peptide. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:979-84. [PMID: 20455019 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, has been reported to exert beneficial effects in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To characterize the mechanisms underlying the putative minocycline-related neuroprotection, we studied its effect in an in vitro model of AD. Primary hippocampal cultures were treated with β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and cell viability was assessed by standard MTT-assay. Incubation with 10 μM Aβ for 24 h significantly inhibits cellular MTT-reduction without inducing morphological signs of enhanced cell death or increase in release of lactate dehydrogenase. This indicates that cell viability was not affected. The inhibition of MTT-reduction by Aβ was due to an acceleration of MTT-formazan exocytosis. Intriguingly, the Aβ-triggered increase in MTT-formazan exocytosis was abolished by co-treatment with minocycline. In vehicle-treated cells minocycline had no effect on formazan exocytosis. This hitherto unrecognized property of minocycline has to be noticed in the elucidation of the underlying mechanism of this promising neuroprotectant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kreutzmann
- Institute of Medical Neurobiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Cardiac rupture after a myocardial infarction is an uncommon event with devastating consequences. Although the clinical features of rupture have been described, the genetic and molecular influences on this outcome in patients are less certain. In mice, at least 17 genetic models have been developed that enhance or suppress the likelihood of rupture postmyocardial infarction. The purpose of this review is to describe these recent advances, recognizing that nearly all of the information has been obtained from mouse models of free wall rupture. Although it is probable that the same genetic determinants apply to septal and papillary muscle rupture, the possibility remains that there are unique modulators of risk for rupture at differing anatomic sites within the heart. It is likely that the candidate genes also influence rupture in humans, although this conclusion must be confirmed. The mouse models will be helpful to direct future proteomic and genomic studies in patients and may already suggest certain fundamental pathways. For example, the essential role of collagen production and stabilization postmyocardial infarction may direct therapies to enhance collagen cross-linking and limit its degradation as a strategy to reduce rates of rupture and enhance myocardial healing.
Collapse
|
40
|
Garcia-Martinez EM, Sanz-Blasco S, Karachitos A, Bandez MJ, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Perez-Alvarez S, de Mera RMMF, Jordan MJ, Aguirre N, Galindo MF, Villalobos C, Navarro A, Kmita H, Jordán J. Mitochondria and calcium flux as targets of neuroprotection caused by minocycline in cerebellar granule cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 79:239-50. [PMID: 19682437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline, an antibiotic of the tetracycline family, has attracted considerable interest for its theoretical therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism of action underlying its effect remains elusive. Here we have studied the effect of minocycline under excitotoxic conditions. Fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging studies in rat cerebellar granular neuron cultures using fura2/AM and mitochondria-targeted aequorin revealed that minocycline, at concentrations higher than those shown to block inflammation and inflammation-induced neuronal death, inhibited NMDA-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial rises in Ca(2+) concentrations in a reversible manner. Moreover, minocycline added in the course of NMDA stimulation decreased Ca(2+) intracellular levels, but not when induced by depolarization with a high K(+) medium. We also found that minocycline, at the same concentrations, partially depolarized mitochondria by about 5-30 mV, prevented mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake under conditions of environmental stress, and abrogated NMDA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Consistently, minocycline also abrogates the rise in ROS induced by 75 microM Ca(2+) in isolated brain mitochondria. In search for the mechanism of mitochondrial depolarization, we found that minocycline markedly inhibited state 3 respiration of rat brain mitochondria, although distinctly increased oxygen uptake in state 4. Minocycline inhibited NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase activities, whereas the activity of succinate-cytochrome c reductase was not modified, suggesting selective inhibition of complexes I and IV. Finally, minocycline affected activity of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) as determined in the reconstituted system. Taken together, our results indicate that mitochondria are a critical factor in minocycline-mediated neuroprotection.
Collapse
|
41
|
Buller KM, Carty ML, Reinebrant HE, Wixey JA. Minocycline: a neuroprotective agent for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the neonate? J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:599-608. [PMID: 18831005 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline and a potential neuroprotective intervention following brain injury. However, despite the recognized beneficial effects of minocycline in a multitude of adult disease states, the clinical application of minocycline in neonates is contentious. Tetracyclines, as a class, are not usually administered to neonates, but there is compelling evidence that minocycline reduces brain injury after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This Review focuses on the evidence for minocycline use in neonates by considering aspects of pharmacology, drug regimens, functional outcomes, and mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Buller
- Perinatal Research Centre, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kupsch K, Hertel S, Kreutzmann P, Wolf G, Wallesch CW, Siemen D, Schönfeld P. Impairment of mitochondrial function by minocycline. FEBS J 2009; 276:1729-38. [PMID: 19243427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate on the presence of beneficial effects of minocycline (MC), a tetracycline-like antibiotic, on the preservation of mitochondrial functions under conditions promoting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Here, we present a multiparameter study on the effects of MC on isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM) suspended either in a KCl-based or in a sucrose-based medium. We found that the incubation medium used strongly affects the response of RLM to MC. In KCl-based medium, but not in sucrose-based medium, MC triggered mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release. MC-dependent swelling was associated with mitochondrial depolarization and a decrease in state 3 as well as uncoupled respiration. Swelling of RLM in KCl-based medium indicates that MC permeabilizes the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) to K(+) and Cl(-). This view is supported by our findings that MC-induced swelling in the KCl-based medium was partly suppressed by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (an inhibitor of IMM-linked K(+)-transport) and tributyltin (an inhibitor of the inner membrane anion channel) and that swelling was less pronounced when RLM were suspended in choline chloride-based medium. In addition, we observed a rapid MC-induced depletion of endogenous Mg(2+) from RLM, an event that is known to activate ion-conducting pathways within the IMM. Moreover, MC abolished the Ca(2+) retention capacity of RLM irrespective of the incubation medium used, most likely by triggering permeability transition. In summary, we found that MC at low micromolar concentrations impairs several energy-dependent functions of mitochondria in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Kupsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Romero-Perez D, Fricovsky E, Yamasaki KG, Griffin M, Barraza-Hidalgo M, Dillmann W, Villarreal F. Cardiac uptake of minocycline and mechanisms for in vivo cardioprotection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:1086-94. [PMID: 18848143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ability of minocycline to be transported into cardiac cells, concentrate in normal and ischemic myocardium, and act as a cardioprotector in vivo was examined. We also determined minocycline's capacity to act as a reducer of myocardial oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. BACKGROUND The identification of compounds with the potential to reduce myocardial ischemic injury is of great interest. Tetracyclines are antibiotics with pleiotropic cytoprotective properties that accumulate in normal and diseased tissues. Minocycline is highly lipophilic and has shown promise as a possible cardioprotector. However, minocycline's potential as an in vivo cardioprotector as well as the means by which this action is attained are not well understood. METHODS Rats were subjected to 45 min of ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion. Animals were treated 48 h before and 48 h after thoracotomy with either vehicle or 50 mg/kg/day minocycline. Tissue samples were used for biochemical assays and cultured cardiac cells for minocycline uptake experiments. RESULTS Minocycline significantly reduced infarct size (approximately 33%), tissue MMP-9 activity, and oxidative stress. Minocycline was concentrated approximately 24-fold in normal (0.5 mmol/l) and approximately 50-fold in ischemic regions (1.1 mmol/l) versus blood. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts, myocytes, and adult fibroblasts demonstrated a time- and temperature-dependent uptake of minocycline to levels that approximate those of normal myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Given the high intracellular levels observed and results from the assessment of in vitro antioxidant and MMP inhibitor capacities, it is likely that minocycline acts to limit myocardial ischemic injury via mass action effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romero-Perez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Keilhoff G, Schild L, Fansa H. Minocycline protects Schwann cells from ischemia-like injury and promotes axonal outgrowth in bioartificial nerve grafts lacking Wallerian degeneration. Exp Neurol 2008; 212:189-200. [PMID: 18501894 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Minocycline, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial tetracycline, acts neuroprotectively in ischemia. Recently, however, minocycline has been revealed to have ambiguous effects on nerve regeneration. Thus its effects in a rat sciatic nerve transplantation model and on cultivated Schwann cells stressed by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were studied. The negative effect of minocycline on Wallerian degeneration, the essential initial phase of degeneration/regeneration after nerve injury, that was recently demonstrated, was excluded by using predegenerated nerve and Schwann cell-enriched muscle grafts, both free of Wallerian degeneration. They were compared with common nerve grafts. The principle findings were that in vitro minocycline provided protective effects against OGD-induced death of Schwann cells by preventing permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. It suppressed the OGD-mediated induction of HIF-1alpha and BAX, and stabilized/induced BCL-2. Cytochrome c release and cleavage of procaspase-3 were diminished; release and translocation of AIF and cytotoxic cleavage of actin into fractin were stopped. In common nerve grafts, minocycline, besides its direct anti-ischemic effect, hampered revascularization by down-regulation of MMP9 and VEGF prolonging ischemia and impeding macrophage recruitment. In bioartificial nerve grafts that were free of Wallerian degeneration and revealed lower immunogenicity, minocycline aided the regeneration process. Here, the direct anti-ischemic effect of minocycline on Schwann cells, which are mandatory for successful peripheral nerve regeneration, dominated the systemic anti-angiogenic/pro-ischemic effects. In common nerve grafts, however, where Wallerian degeneration is a prerequisite, the anti-angiogenic and macrophage-depressing effect is an obstacle for regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Medical Neurobiology, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kwon SJ, Ahn TB, Yoon MY, Jeon BS. BV-2 stimulation by lactacystin results in a strong inflammatory reaction and apoptotic neuronal death in SH-SY5Y cells. Brain Res 2008; 1205:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
46
|
González JC, Egea J, Del Carmen Godino M, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Sánchez-Prieto J, Gandía L, García AG, Jordán J, Hernández-Guijo JM. Neuroprotectant minocycline depresses glutamatergic neurotransmission and Ca(2+) signalling in hippocampal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 26:2481-95. [PMID: 17986028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the neuroprotective action of the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline against various neuron insults is controversial. In an attempt to clarify this mechanism, we have studied here its effects on various electrophysiological parameters, Ca(2+) signalling, and glutamate release, in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, and in synaptosomes. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and action potential firing were drastically decreased by minocycline at concentrations known to afford neuroprotection. The drug also blocked whole-cell inward Na(+) currents (I(Na)) by 20%, and the whole-cell Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) by about 30%. Minocycline inhibited glutamate-evoked elevation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) by nearly 40%, and K(+)-evoked glutamate release from synaptosomes by 63%. Minocycline also depressed the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, but did not affect the whole-cell inward current elicited by gamma-aminobutyric acid or glutamate. This pharmacological profile suggests that the neuroprotective effects of minocycline might be associated with the mitigation of neuronal excitability, glutamate release, and Ca(2+) overloading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos González
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Zrzobispo Morcillo 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Soory M. A role for non-antimicrobial actions of tetracyclines in combating oxidative stress in periodontal and metabolic diseases: a literature review. Open Dent J 2008; 2:5-12. [PMID: 19088876 PMCID: PMC2581528 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600802010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the role of adjunctive tetracycline therapy in the management of periodontal diseases and its efficacy in reducing inflammatory burden, oxidative stress and its sequelae in patients with coexisting features of metabolic syndrome. Removal of the dimethylamine group at C4 of the tetracycline molecule reduces its antibiotic properties, enhancing its non-antimicrobial actions; this strategy has aided the development of several chemically modified tetracyclines such as minocycline and doxycycline, by altering different regions of the molecule for focused action on biological targets. Tetracyclines are effective in reducing inflammation by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases, preventing excessive angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating bone formation. There are important applications for tetracyclines in the management of diabetic, dyslipidaemic periodontal patients who smoke. The diverse mechanisms of action of tetracyclines in overcoming oxidative stress and enhancing matrix synthesis are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Soory
- Periodontology, King's College London Dental Institute at G KT Hospitals, King's College Dental Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE 5 9RW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Verma AK, Bhatia B, Nelson ML. Antibiotic and non-antibiotic tetracycline patents: 2002 – 2007. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
50
|
Stroke pathophysiology: management challenges and new treatment advances. J Physiol Biochem 2007; 63:261-77. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03165789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|