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Zhang X, Lin L, Li H, Xia W, Liu Q, Zhou X, Dong L, Fu X. Update on new trend and progress of the mechanism of polysaccharides in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease, based on the new understanding of relevant theories: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:720-738. [PMID: 35902016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive progression, is the main type of dementia. Currently, there is no specific cure for the disease. At the same time, a series of drug developments based on the classic theory, the Aβ cascade hypothesis, have not completed phase III clinical trials, challenging the hypothesis. Polysaccharides obtained from natural products can be used in the treatment of AD, which has attracted academic attention due to its advantages of multi-target, multi-channel, no or modest side effects. The TCM syndrome type of AD is mainly "qi and blood deficiency, kidney essence deficiency", and the medicine is mainly used to replenish qi and blood, kidney and bone marrow. Thus, there has been extensive and in-depth research on polysaccharides obtained from tonic Chinese herbal medicine in China. Based on this background, this paper evaluated the effects and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides on AD by combing and screening English and related literature in recent 5 years and summarized the extraction process and structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hang Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wenxin Xia
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Qiansong Liu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xirong Zhou
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004, China.
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2
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Zhang Q, Hao C, Miao Y, Yun Y, Sun X, Pan Y, Sun J, Wang X. Design and synthesis of benzyl aminocoumarin and its anti-Alzheimer's activity. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzylaminocoumarin is a kind of compound with coumarin skeleton and benzylamino side chain structure at positions 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Canhua Hao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yinling Yun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yinbo Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, P. R. China
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3
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Sun X, Ma R, Yao X, Shang X, Wang Q, Wang JZ, Liu G. Concanavalin agglutinin levels are decreased in peripheral blood of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:63-72. [PMID: 26444791 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) seriously threatens patients' lives and causes severe burden to the families. Early prevention and treatment can alleviate the development of the disease; therefore it is important to find new effective and non-traumatic biomarkers for early diagnosis. In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from 24 AD patients and the same number of age- and gender-matched control subjects. Lectin reactive glycosylation levels including beta-D-galactosyl ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), concanavalin agglutinin (Con A), alpha-L-fucosyl ulex europeus agglutinin (UEA), dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and galanthus nivalis (GNL), in the red blood cells of peripheral blood were examined by western blotting. We found that lectin levels were altered with aging and gender; some lectin levels were different between AD patients and the control subjects. Only Con A levels were significantly decreased in AD patients compared to age-matched control subjects. These results suggest that Con A levels in peripheral blood may be a potent diagnostic marker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ronghong Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiuqing Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Shang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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4
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Iverson GL, Gardner AJ, McCrory P, Zafonte R, Castellani RJ. A critical review of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:276-93. [PMID: 26183075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has been described in the literature as a neurodegenerative disease with: (i) localized neuronal and glial accumulations of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) involving perivascular areas of the cerebral cortex, sulcal depths, and with a preference for neurons within superficial cortical laminae; (ii) multifocal axonal varicosities and axonal loss involving deep cortex and subcortical white matter; (iii) relative absence of beta-amyloid deposits; (iv) TDP-43 immunoreactive inclusions and neurites; and (v) broad and diverse clinical features. Some of the pathological findings reported in the literature may be encountered with age and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the focality of the p-tau cortical findings in particular, and the regional distribution, are believed to be unique to CTE. The described clinical features in recent cases are very similar to how depression manifests in middle-aged men and with frontotemporal dementia as the disease progresses. It has not been established that the described tau pathology, especially in small amounts, can cause complex changes in behavior such as depression, substance abuse, suicidality, personality changes, or cognitive impairment. Future studies will help determine the extent to which the neuropathology is causally related to the diverse clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, & Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew J Gardner
- Hunter New England Local Health District Sports Concussion Program; & Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul McCrory
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; Brigham and Women's Hospital; & Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Division of Neuropathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
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5
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A highly sensitive resonance light scattering probe for Alzheimer׳s amyloid-β peptide based on Fe3O4@Au composites. Talanta 2015; 131:475-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Jinzhu Y, Qinli Z, Jin Y, Pan K, Jianjun H, Qiao N. Aluminum and benzo[a]pyrene co-operate to induce neuronal apoptosis in vitro . J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:365-73. [PMID: 25971159 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Jinzhu
- Department of Occupational Health, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Datong Coal Mine General Hospital, China
| | - Zhang Qinli
- Department of Occupational Health, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Occupational Health, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Kang Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Huang Jianjun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Datong Coal Mine General Hospital, China
| | - Niu Qiao
- Department of Occupational Health, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, China
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7
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Dai W, Yang J, Chen T, Yang Z. Protective Effects of Bexarotene against Amyloid-�25-35-Induced Dysfunction in Hippocampal Neurons through the Insulin Signaling Pathway. NEURODEGENER DIS 2014; 14:77-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000358397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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8
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Gutierres JM, Carvalho FB, Schetinger MRC, Agostinho P, Marisco PC, Vieira JM, Rosa MM, Bohnert C, Rubin MA, Morsch VM, Spanevello R, Mazzanti CM. Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 33:88-97. [PMID: 24374256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of natural phenolic compounds responsible for the color to plants and fruits. These compounds might have beneficial effects on memory and have antioxidant properties. In the present study we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anthocyanins in an animal model of cognitive deficits, associated to Alzheimer's disease, induced by scopolamine. We evaluated whether anthocyanins protect the effects caused by SCO on nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (of rats. We used 4 different groups of animals: control (CTRL), anthocyanins treated (ANT), scopolamine-challenged (SCO), and scopolamine+anthocyanins (SCO+ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200mgkg(-1); oral), the animals were SCO injected (1mgkg(-1); IP) and were performed the behavior tests, and submitted to euthanasia. A memory deficit was found in SCO group, but ANT treatment prevented this impairment of memory (P<0.05). The ANT treatment per se had an anxiolytic effect. AChE activity was increased in both in cortex and hippocampus of SCO group, this effect was significantly attenuated by ANT (P<0.05). SCO decreased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities in hippocampus, and ANT was able to significantly (P<0.05) prevent these effects. No significant alteration was found on NOx levels among the groups. In conclusion, the ANT is able to regulate cholinergic neurotransmission and restore the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities, and also prevented memory deficits caused by scopolamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessié M Gutierres
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Setor de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Agostinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Institute, University of Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricia C Marisco
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano M Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michele M Rosa
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Crystiani Bohnert
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maribel A Rubin
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roselia Spanevello
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia M Mazzanti
- Setor de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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9
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Maftei M, Thurm F, Schnack C, Tumani H, Otto M, Elbert T, Kolassa IT, Przybylski M, Manea M, von Arnim CAF. Increased levels of antigen-bound β-amyloid autoantibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68996. [PMID: 23874844 PMCID: PMC3715516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a protective role of physiological β-amyloid autoantibodies (Aβ-autoantibodies) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the determination of both free and dissociated Aβ-autoantibodies in serum hitherto has yielded inconsistent results regarding their function and possible biomarker value. Here we report the application of a new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of antigen-bound Aβ-autoantibodies (intact Aβ-IgG immune complexes) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a total number of 112 AD patients and age- and gender-matched control subjects. Both serum and CSF levels of Aβ-IgG immune complexes were found to be significantly higher in AD patients compared to control subjects. Moreover, the levels of Aβ-IgG complexes were negatively correlated with the cognitive status across the groups, increasing with declining cognitive test performance of the subjects. Our results suggest a contribution of IgG-type autoantibodies to Aβ clearance in vivo and an increased immune response in AD, which may be associated with deficient Aβ-IgG removal. These findings may contribute to elucidating the role of Aβ-autoantibodies in AD pathophysiology and their potential application in AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Maftei
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Biopolymer Structure Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Steinbeis Research Center for Biopolymer Analysis, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franka Thurm
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Elbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail: (MM); (I-TK); (CAFVA); (MP)
| | - Michael Przybylski
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Biopolymer Structure Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail: (MM); (I-TK); (CAFVA); (MP)
| | - Marilena Manea
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Biopolymer Structure Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail: (MM); (I-TK); (CAFVA); (MP)
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10
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Bachmeier C, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Mullan M, Paris D. Role of the cannabinoid system in the transit of beta-amyloid across the blood-brain barrier. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 56:255-62. [PMID: 23831388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is the result of impaired clearance, due in part to diminished Aβ transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, modulation of the cannabinoid system was shown to reduce Aβ brain levels and improve cognitive behavior in AD animal models. The purpose of the current studies was to investigate the role of the cannabinoid system in the clearance of Aβ across the BBB. Using in vitro and in vivo models of BBB clearance, Aβ transit across the BBB was examined in the presence of cannabinoid receptor agonists and inhibitors. In addition, expression levels of the Aβ transport protein, lipoprotein receptor-related protein1 (LRP1), were determined in the brain and plasma of mice following cannabinoid treatment. Cannabinoid receptor agonism or inhibition of endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes significantly enhanced Aβ clearance across the BBB (2-fold). Moreover, cannabinoid receptor inhibition negated the stimulatory influence of cannabinoid treatment on Aβ BBB clearance. Additionally, LRP1 levels in the brain and plasma were elevated following cannabinoid treatment (1.5-fold), providing rationale for the observed increase in Aβ transit from the brain to the periphery. The current studies demonstrate, for the first time, a role for the cannabinoid system in the transit of Aβ across the BBB. These findings provide insight into the mechanism by which cannabinoid treatment reduces Aβ burden in the AD brain and offer additional evidence on the utility of this pathway as a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.
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11
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Bachmeier C, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Crawford F, Mullan M, Paris D. Stimulation of the Retinoid X Receptor Facilitates Beta-Amyloid Clearance Across the Blood–Brain Barrier. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 49:270-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Dobarro M, Orejana L, Aguirre N, Ramírez MJ. Propranolol restores cognitive deficits and improves amyloid and Tau pathologies in a senescence-accelerated mouse model. Neuropharmacology 2012; 64:137-44. [PMID: 22824191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a deterioration of cognitive performance and with increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Hypertension is the most-prevalent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, and clinical data suggest that hypertension is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study we tested whether propranolol, a β-receptor antagonist commonly used as antihypertensive drug, could ameliorate the cognitive impairments and increases in AD-related markers shown by the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8). Propranolol administration (5 mg/kg for 3 weeks) to 6-month-old SAMP8 mice attenuated cognitive memory impairments shown by these mice in the novel object recognition test. In the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice it has been found increases in Aβ(42) levels, the principal constituent of amyloid plaques observed in AD, accompanied by both an increased expression of the cleaving enzyme BACE1 and a decreased expression of the degrading enzyme IDE. All these effects were reversed by propranolol treatment. Tau hyperphosphorylation (PHF-1 epitope) shown by SAMP8 mice at this age was also decreased in the hippocampus of propranolol-treated mice, an effect probably related to a decrease in JNK1 expression. Interestingly, propranolol also phosphorylated Akt in SAMP8 mice, which was associated with an increase of glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation, contributing therefore to the reductions in Tau hyperphosphorylation. Synaptic pathology in SAMP8 mice, as shown by decreases in synaptophysin and BDNF, was also counteracted by propranolol treatment. Overall, propranolol might be beneficial in age-related brain dysfunction and could be an emerging candidate for the treatment of other neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dobarro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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13
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BACHMEIER CORBINJ, BEAULIEU-ABDELAHAD DAVID, MULLAN MICHAELJ, PARIS DANIEL. Epitope-Dependent Effects of Beta-Amyloid Antibodies on Beta-Amyloid Clearance in an In Vitro Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Microcirculation 2011; 18:373-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Orejana L, Barros-Miñones L, Jordán J, Puerta E, Aguirre N. Sildenafil ameliorates cognitive deficits and tau pathology in a senescence-accelerated mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:625.e11-20. [PMID: 21546125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a deterioration of cognitive performance and with increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study we tested whether the specific phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil could ameliorate the age-dependent cognitive impairments shown by the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8). Sildenafil administration (7.5 mg/kg for 4 weeks) to 5-month-old SAMP8 mice attenuated spatial learning and memory impairments shown by these mice in the Morris Water Maze. Tau hyperphosphorylation (AT8 but not PHF-1 epitope) shown by SAMP8 mice at this age was also decreased in the hippocampus of sildenafil-treated mice, an effect probably related to a decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 protein expression and activity (p25/p35 ratio). Interestingly, sildenafil also phosphorylated Akt, which was associated with an increase of glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation, providing a plausible explanation for the reductions in tau hyperphosphorylation (AT8 and PHF-1 epitopes) and attenuation of cognitive deficits shown by 9-month-old SAMP8 mice. Overall, sildenafil might be beneficial in age-related brain dysfunction and could be an emerging candidate for the treatment of other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Orejana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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15
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Bachmeier C, Mullan M, Paris D. Characterization and use of human brain microvascular endothelial cells to examine β-amyloid exchange in the blood-brain barrier. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:519-29. [PMID: 20954006 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by excessive cerebrovascular deposition of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). The investigation of Aβ transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been hindered by inherent limitations in the cellular systems currently used to model the BBB, such as insufficient barrier properties and poor reproducibility. In addition, many of the existing models are not of human or brain origin and are often arduous to establish and maintain. Thus, we characterized an in vitro model of the BBB employing human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and evaluated its utility to investigate Aβ exchange at the blood-brain interface. Our HBMEC model offers an ease of culture compared with primary isolated or coculture BBB models and is more representative of the human brain endothelium than many of the cell lines currently used to study the BBB. In our studies, the HBMEC model exhibited barrier properties comparable to existing BBB models as evidenced by the restricted permeability of a known paracellular marker. In addition, using a simple and rapid fluormetric assay, we showed that antagonism of key Aβ transport proteins significantly altered the bi-directional transcytosis of fluorescein-Aβ (1-42) across the HBMEC model. Moreover, the magnitude of these effects was consistent with reports in the literature using the same ligands in existing in vitro models of the BBB. These studies establish the HBMEC as a representative in vitro model of the BBB and offer a rapid fluorometric method of assessing Aβ exchange between the periphery and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA,
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Chen TJ, Hung HS, Wang DC, Chen SS. The Protective Effect of Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitor on Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Cortical Neurons. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:264-72. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Bacterial chemotaxis is mediated by two reversible protein modification chemistries: phosphorylation and carboxyl methylation. Attractants bind to membrane chemoreceptors that control the activity of a protein kinase which acts in turn to control flagellar motor activity. Coordinate changes in receptor carboxyl methylation provide a negative feedback mechanism that serves a memory function. Protein carboxyl methylation might play an analogous role in the nervous system. Two protein carboxyl methyltransferases serve to regulate signal transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells. One is highly expressed in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum where it methyl esterifies prenylated cysteine residues at the carboxyl-termini of Ras-related and heterotrimeric G-proteins. The other is abundant throughout the brain where it methylates the carboxyl-terminus of protein phosphatase 2A. The phosphatase methyltransferase and the protein methylesterase that reverses phosphatase methylation are structurally related to the corresponding bacterial chemotaxis methylating and demethylating enzymes. Recent results indicate that deficiencies in phosphatase methylation play an important role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Signum Biosciences, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA
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Shaked GM, Chauv S, Ubhi K, Hansen LA, Masliah E. Interactions between the amyloid precursor protein C-terminal domain and G proteins mediate calcium dysregulation and amyloid beta toxicity in Alzheimer's disease. FEBS J 2009; 276:2736-51. [PMID: 19368557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neuropathological accumulations of amyloid beta(1-42) [A beta(1-42)], a cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Recent studies have highlighted the role of APP in A beta-mediated toxicity and have implicated the G-protein system; however, the exact mechanisms underlying this pathway are as yet undetermined. In this context, we sought to investigate the role of calcium upregulation following APP-dependent, A beta-mediated G-protein activation. Initial studies on the interaction between APP, A beta and Go proteins demonstrated that the interaction between APP, specifically its C-terminal -YENPTY- region, and Go was reduced in the presence of A beta. Cell death and calcium influx in A beta-treated cells were shown to be APP dependent and to involve G-protein activation because these effects were blocked by use of the G-protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin. Collectively, these results highlight a role for the G-protein system in APP-dependent, A beta-induced toxicity and calcium dysregulation. Analysis of the APP:Go interaction in human brain samples from Alzheimer's disease patients at different stages of the disease revealed a decrease in the interaction, correlating with disease progression. Moreover, the reduced interaction between APP and Go was shown to correlate with an increase in membrane A beta levels and G-protein activity, showing for first time that the APP:Go interaction is present in humans and is responsive to A beta load. The results presented support a role for APP in A beta-induced G-protein activation and suggest a mechanism by which basal APP binding to Go is reduced under pathological loads of A beta, liberating Go and activating the G-protein system, which may in turn result in downstream effects including calcium dysregulation. These results also suggest that specific antagonists of G-protein activity may have a therapeutic relevance in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon M Shaked
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
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Malaplate-Armand C, Desbene C, Pillot T, Olivier JL. [Biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: current update and future directions]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2008; 165:511-20. [PMID: 19041993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased prevalence of the sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a significant health issue in the elderly population. The need for early diagnosis is imperative because this, along with the development of novel therapeutic treatments, would permit the rapid and perhaps more efficient treatment of these debilitating disorders early on. BACKGROUND Over the last decade, the potential use of certain biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and more recently, in the plasma has been investigated. Among the candidates studied includes the neurotoxic amyloid beta peptide and the Tau protein. However, although these two proteins have been clearly shown to be directly related to the pathophysiology of this disorder, it has proven difficult to establish a clear relationship between plasma or CSF levels of Abeta and Tau and the incidence and severity of AD in patients. This is due in part to differences in methodologies related to the detection sensitivity, as well as the variations in the biological data and consequent interpretation of the biochemical and biological data. Peripheral cells, in particular platelets and skin fibroblasts, could be an alternative solution as peripheral biological markers for the early diagnosis of AD. These cells are easily accessible from patients. Furthermore, they would provide a means not only to validate potential therapeutic strategies, but also to study the mechanisms involved in the development of AD, including APP processing. PERSPECTIVES A combined strategy using both a fundamental mechanistic and an analytical approach of patient peripheral cells will allow the identification of new biological markers for AD, and hence permit immediate therapeutic strategies to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malaplate-Armand
- Laboratoire de biochimie spécialisée, hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, CO 34, 54035 Nancy cedex, France.
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